Ignition device for a discharge lamp and method for igniting a discharge lamp

Abstract

The invention relates to a pulse starting device and a starting method for a discharge lamp, in particular a high-pressure discharge lamp for a motor vehicle headlamp. The starting device has a transformer which has either two primary windings which are connected in parallel and are both coupled inductively to the at least one secondary winding, or instead has a primary winding which consists of a wide metal strip and is wound, separated by an electric insulation, over the at least one secondary winding. The starting device according to the invention has a compact design which permits the complete starting device to be accommodated in the lamp cap.

Description

The invention relates to a starting device for a discharge lamp in accordance with the preamble of Patent Claim 1 or 12 , and to a method for starting a discharge lamp.

I. TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates in particular to a starting device for a high-pressure discharge lamp, for example a low-wattage halogen metal vapour high-pressure discharge lamp for a motor vehicle headlamp. The high-pressure discharge lamp has a discharge vessel which is sealed in a gastight fashion. Projecting into the discharge space are two gas discharge electrodes which are connected in an electrically conducting fashion to external supply leads. During operation of the discharge lamp, a light-emitting discharge arc is formed between its gas discharge electrodes. To operate the lamp, an operating unit is required which supplies the discharge lamp with electric power and limits the discharging current via the discharge arc. The operating unit also comprises a starting device for the discharge lamp which initiates the gas discharge. In order to start the gas discharge in a high-pressure discharge lamp, a starting voltage of a few kilovolts is required for a cold lamp, while to restart the same lamp when hot—that is to say to start it in the still hot state—a starting voltage of more than 20 kV can be required. After starting of the gas discharge lamp has been performed, the operating voltage of the high-pressure discharge lamp drops, that is to say the voltage drop over the discharge path which is required to maintain the discharge arc, to only approximately 80 V to 100 V. The starting device can be constructed, for example, as a pulse starting unit which applies unipolar high-voltage pulses to one of the two gas discharge electrodes of the high-pressure discharge lamp during the starting phase.

II. PRIOR ART

A starting device corresponding to the preamble of Patent Claim 1 is disclosed in the PCT application with the international publication number WO 97/04624. This starting device is a pulse starting device for a high-pressure discharge lamp. The pulse starting device has a starting transformer with a primary winding and a secondary winding, a starting capacitor, a resistor element via which the starting capacitor is charged, and an automatic switch. One terminal of the secondary winding is connected to one of the gas discharge electrodes of the high-pressure discharge lamp, while its other terminal is connected to the voltage input of the starting device. The primary winding of the starting transformer and the switching path of the automatic switch are arranged in such a way that the discharging current of the starting capacitor flows through them.

Since the starting voltage required to restart the high-pressure discharge lamp when hot is substantially higher than the voltage present at the voltage input of the starting device, the starting transformer must have an appropriately high transformation ratio. As a consequence of the high transformation ratio of the starting transformer, the known and commercially available starting devices have a high space requirement because of the large volume of the starting transformer. Consequently, in the case of low-wattage halogen metal vapour high-pressure discharge lamps which are provided for use in motor vehicle headlamps, it is not possible to accommodate the starting device for these lamps in the lamp cap.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is the object of the invention to provide an improved starting device for a discharge lamp, and an improved method for starting a discharge lamp. In particular, the starting device is intended to have as compact a design as possible, so that it can still be accommodated in the lamp cap even in the case of the low-wattage halogen metal vapour high-pressure discharge lamps which are used in motor vehicle headlamps and are of very small design.

This object is achieved according to the invention by means of the characterizing features of Patent Claim 1 or 13 . Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

According to the invention, the starting device according to the invention has a transformer which has a parallel circuit, comprising at least two primary windings, and at least one secondary winding, the parallel circuit of the primary windings being inductively coupled to the at least one secondary winding. For a given transformation ratio of the transformer, this measure permits the number of turns per unit length on the secondary side of the transformer to be substantially reduced without the inductive coupling between the primary and secondary sides being impaired by the low number of turns per unit length of the primary windings. The induced voltage available on the secondary side does not change if the transmission ratio is preserved.

The primary windings have advantageously respectively at most two turns. As a result, there is also a reduction in the number of turns per unit length of the at least one secondary winding in accordance with the desired transformation ratio. It has emerged that, for example, a transformer with two primary windings, which are connected in parallel and have two turns in each case, has just as good inductive coupling between the primary and secondary sides as a transformer with only one primary winding which has four turns. However, for a prescribed transformation ratio of the transformer, only half as many turns are required for the case of the two primary windings which are connected in parallel and respectively have two turns on the secondary side as for the case of the one primary winding with four turns. In order to improve still further the inductive coupling between the primary and secondary sides of the transformer, the primary windings connected in parallel can advantageously consist in each case of a copper strip.

The reduction of the number of turns per unit length on the secondary side permits a compact design of the transformer and of the entire starting device, with the result that all the subassemblies of the starting device, including the transformer, can be accommodated in the lamp cap. The expensive electric connections, provided with insulation which is proof against high voltage, between the lamp holder and the starting unit are thereby eliminated. The high-voltage pulses for starting the gas discharge are then generated inside the lamp cap and are therefore no longer accessible from outside.

It has proved advantageous to use a transformer with a ferrite core and a coil former which has at least one chamber for the transformer windings. To avoid electric breakdowns and to prevent eddy currents in the ferrite body, the ferrite core advantageously consists of a high-resistance material, with the result that the ferrite core has an electric resistance of more than 1 MΩ. It is advantageous to use E cores or cylindrical cores, such as cylinder cores, tubular cores or threaded cores, for example, as ferrite body.

The starting device according to the invention comprises a capacitor, a resistor element, an automatic switch and a transformer with at least two primary windings connected in parallel and at least one secondary winding. The components of the starting device are arranged and interconnected in such a way that the capacitor discharges abruptly for starting the gas discharge in the lamp, the discharging current of the capacitor flowing via the parallel circuit of the primary windings and via the switching path of the automatic switch, with the result that the voltage pulses induced in the at least one secondary winding are applied to one of the gas discharge electrodes of the lamp.

In a first preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the starting device is constructed as an asymmetrical pulse starting device which applies unipolar starting voltage pulses to only one of the lamp electrodes. In this starting device, the transformer has only one secondary winding, which is connected to a terminal of the starting voltage output for the discharge lamp.

In the second, particularly preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the starting device is designed as a symmetrical pulse starting device which simultaneously applies unipolar starting voltage pulses of opposite polarity to the two gas discharge electrodes of the lamp. By contrast with the asymmetric pulse starting device, this mode of operation has the advantage of lower line losses and lesser demands on the electric insulation of the lamp parts conducting high voltage. The particularly preferred second exemplary embodiment of the pulse starting device has a transformer with two primary windings which are connected in parallel and through both of which, during the starting phase of the lamp, there flows the discharge current of the capacitor of the starting device, which capacitor discharges in surges via the switching path of the automatic switch, and two secondary windings, which are both inductively coupled to the parallel circuit of the primary windings. In each case, the two secondary windings are connected via a terminal of the starting voltage output to a gas discharge electrode of the lamp and are arranged in such a way that unipolar high-voltage pulses of opposite polarity are induced in the two secondary windings by the abovenamed discharging current.

Another solution for the set problem of the invention is described in the characterizing part of Patent Claim 13 and the third exemplary embodiment of the invention.

In the third exemplary embodiment of the pulse starting device, the transformer belonging to the starting device has a primary winding with at most two turns, which consists according to the invention of a wide metal strip which encloses the at least one secondary winding and advantageously also encloses the ferrite body of the transformer. For a given transformation ratio of the transformer, this measure permits the number of turns per unit length on the secondary side of the transformer to be reduced considerably without impairing the inductive coupling between the primary and secondary sides by the low number of turns per unit length of the primary winding. It has proved to be advantageous to use a transformer with a ferrite core and a coil former which has at least one chamber for the at least one secondary winding. To avoid electric breakdowns and to prevent eddy currents in the ferrite body, the ferrite core advantageously consists of a material which has an electric resistance of more than 1 MΩ. E cores or cylindrical cores, such as cylinder cores, tubular cores or threaded cores, for example, are advantageously used as ferrite body.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a plurality of preferred exemplary embodiments. In the drawing:

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic sketch of the circuit of an asymmetric starting device in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic sketch of the circuit of a symmetrical starting device in accordance with the second exemplary embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of the transformer of the starting device according to the invention with a 4-chamber coil former and ferrite core,

FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic representation of the transformer of the starting device according to the invention with a 5-chamber coil former and ferrite core, and

FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatic sketch of the circuit of an asymmetrical starting device in accordance with the fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention.

The circuit diagram of an asymmetrical pulse starting device in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 . This starting device serves to start a gas discharge in a halogen metal vapour high-pressure discharge lamp LP 1 , which has an electric nominal power of 35 watts and is operated, for example, in a motor vehicle headlamp. The starting device comprises a transformer TR 1 with two primary windings N 10 , N 11 and a secondary winding N 12 , a capacitor C 1 , a resistor element R 1 , a spark gap F 1 and a diode D 1 . Moreover, the starting device has a DC voltage input with a first j 10 and a second DC voltage terminal j 11 , as well as a starting voltage output with a first j 12 and a second starting voltage terminal j 13 .

At the DC voltage input, the starting device is provided with a DC voltage of approximately 400 V which is generated, for example, by a voltage transformer (not illustrated) from the network voltage of the motor vehicle. The DC voltage terminal j 10 is at +400 V, and the other DC voltage terminal is at frame potential. The positive terminal j 10 is connected via a branch point V 10 to one terminal of the capacitor C 1 . The other terminal of the capacitor C 1 is connected via a further branch point V 11 and via the ohmic resistor R 1 as well as via the diode D 1 , poled in the forward direction, to the DC voltage terminal j 11 , which is at frame potential. As a result, a charging current for the capacitor C 1 flows via the resistor element R 1 and the diode D 1 , the capacitor C 1 thereby being charged to approximately 350 V. The branch point V 10 is connected to the start of the secondary winding N 12 of the transformer TR 1 and to the starts of the primary windings N 10 , N 11 , arranged in a parallel circuit, of the transformer TR 1 . The end of the secondary winding N 12 is connected to the starting voltage terminal j 12 of the starting voltage output which, for its part, is connected to a gas discharge electrode E 10 of the lamp LP 1 when the lamp LP 1 is installed. The other starting voltage terminal j 13 , which makes contact with the second gas discharge electrode E 11 of the lamp when the lamp is installed, is connected to the DC voltage terminal j 11 , which is at frame potential, of the DC voltage input of the starting device.

The two primary windings N 10 , N 11 of the transformer TR 1 are connected in parallel. This means that the start of the first primary winding N 10 is connected to the start of the second primary winding N 11 , and the end of the first primary winding N 10 is connected to the end of the second primary winding N 11 . The starts of the transformer windings N 10 , N 11 , N 12 are marked in FIG. 1 in each case by a point above the corresponding winding. The start of the two primary windings N 10 , N 11 , which are connected in parallel, is connected to the branch point V 10 , while the end of the two primary windings N 10 , N 11 is connected to one terminal of the spark gap F 1 . The other terminal of the spark gap F 1 is connected to the second branch point V 11 .

The transformer TR 1 has a coil former S with four chambers S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 and a cylindrical ferrite core K 1 , which is arranged in an axially extending cutout in the coil former S. The secondary winding N 12 has 320 turns and consists of a copper litz wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm. It is wound uniformly over the four chambers S 1 to S 4 of the coil former S. The two primary windings N 10 , N 11 each have two turns and consist in each case of a twenty-strand copper litz wire, each strand of the copper litz wire having a diameter of 0.1 mm. The two primary windings N 10 , N 11 are wound, separated by an electric insulation, over the secondary winding N 12 . The ferrite core K 1 is arranged approximately in the winding axis of the transformer windings N 10 , N 11 , N 12 . The ferrite core has an electric resistance of more than 1 MΩ.

At the beginning of the starting phase, the capacitor C 1 is charged via the resistor R 1 and via the diode D 1 poled in the forward direction. Once the voltage drop across the capacitor C 1 reaches a value of approximately 350 V, the spark gap F 1 breaks down, that is to say corona discharges occur at the spark gap, with the result that the capacitor C 1 is discharged abruptly via the parallel circuit of the two primary windings N 10 , N 11 and via the spark gap F 1 . This discharging current flowing via the two primary windings N 10 , N 11 induces in the secondary winding N 12 , which is coupled inductively to the two primary windings, high-voltage pulses of positive polarity which are applied to the gas discharge electrode E 10 , connected to the end of the secondary winding N 12 , of the discharge lamp LP 1 , and which start the gas discharge in the lamp LP 1 . The voltage pulses at the starting voltage output j 12 and at the lamp electrode E 10 reach values of up to +25 kV and have a width of approximately 300 ns. The other lamp electrode E 11 is at frame potential.

The circuit diagram of a symmetrical pulse starting device in accordance with the particularly preferred second exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2 . This starting device likewise serves to start a gas discharge in a halogen metal vapour high-pressure discharge lamp LP 2 , which has an electric nominal power of 35 watts and is operated, for example, in a motor vehicle headlamp. The starting device comprises a transformer TR 2 with two primary windings N 20 , N 21 and two secondary windings N 22 , N 23 , a capacitor C 2 , a resistor element R 2 , a spark gap F 2 and a diode D 2 . Moreover, the starting device has a DC voltage input with a first j 20 and a second DC voltage terminal j 21 as well as a starting voltage output with a first j 22 and a second starting voltage terminal j 23 .

At the DC voltage input, the starting device is provided with a DC voltage of approximately 400 V which is generated, for example, by a voltage transformer (not illustrated) from the network voltage of the motor vehicle. The DC voltage terminal j 20 is at +400 V, and the other DC voltage terminal j 21 is at frame potential. The positive terminal j 20 is connected via a branch point V 20 to one terminal of the capacitor C 2 . The other terminal of the capacitor C 2 is connected via a further branch point V 21 and via the ohmic resistor R 2 as well as via the diode D 2 , poled in the forward direction, to the DC voltage terminal j 21 , which is at frame potential. As a result, a charging current for the capacitor C 2 flows via the resistor element R 2 and the diode D 2 , the capacitor C 2 thereby being charged to approximately 350 V. The branch point V 20 is connected to the start of the first secondary winding N 22 of the transformer TR 2 and to the starts of the primary windings N 20 , N 21 , arranged in a parallel circuit, of the transformer TR 2 . The end of the first secondary winding N 22 is connected to the starting voltage terminal j 22 of the starting voltage output which, for its part, is connected to a gas discharge electrode E 20 of the lamp LP 2 when the lamp LP 2 is installed. The other starting voltage terminal j 23 , which makes contact with the second gas discharge electrode E 21 of the lamp LP 2 when the lamp is installed, is connected to the start of the second secondary winding N 23 . The end of the second secondary winding N 23 is connected to the DC voltage terminal j 21 , which is at frame potential, of the DC voltage input of the starting device.

The two primary windings N 20 , N 21 of the transformer TR 2 are connected in parallel. This means that the start of the first primary winding N 20 is connected to the start of the second primary winding N 21 , and the end of the first primary winding N 20 is connected to the end of the second primary winding N 21 . The starts of the transformer windings N 20 , N 21 , N 22 , N 23 are marked in FIG. 2 in each case by a point above the corresponding winding. The start of the two primary windings N 20 , N 21 , which are connected in parallel, is connected to the branch point V 20 , while the end of the two primary windings N 20 , N 21 is connected to one terminal of the spark gap F 2 . The other terminal of the spark gap F 2 is connected to the second branch point V 21 . The two secondary windings N 22 , N 23 are coupled inductively to the parallel circuit of the primary windings N 20 , N 21 in such a way that induced voltages of opposite polarity are generated in them.

The transformer TR 2 of the starting device has a coil former S′ with five chambers S 1 ′, S 2 ′, S 3 ′, S 4 ′, S 5 ′ and a cylindrical ferrite core K 2 , which is arranged in an axially extending cutout in the coil former S′. The two primary windings N 20 , N 21 of the transformer TR 2 in each case have two turns and each consist of a twenty-strand copper litz wire, each strand of the copper litz wire having a diameter of 0.1 mm. The two secondary windings N 22 , N 23 of the transformer TR 2 have 160 turns in each case and each consist of a copper litz wire with a diameter of approximately 0.3 mm. The two primary windings N 20 , N 21 are arranged in the middle chamber S 3 ′ of the coil former S′, while the first secondary winding N 22 is wound uniformly over the first two chambers S 1 ′, S 2 ′, and the second secondary winding N 23 is wound over the last two chambers S 4 ′, S 5 ′ of the coil former S′. The two secondary windings N 22 , N 23 are wound in the opposite senses. The ferrite core K 2 is arranged approximately on the winding axis of the transformer windings N 20 , N 21 , N 22 , N 23 . The ferrite body K 2 has an electric resistance of more than 1 MΩ.

At the beginning of the starting phase, the capacitor C 2 is charged via the resistor R 2 and via the diode D 2 which is poled in the forward direction. Once the voltage drop across the capacitor C 2 reaches a value of approximately 350 V, the spark gap F 2 breaks down, that is to say corona discharges occur at the spark gap, with the result that the capacitor C 2 is discharged abruptly via the parallel circuit of the two primary windings N 20 , N 21 and via the spark gap F 2 . This discharging current flowing via the two primary windings N 20 , N 21 induces unipolar high-voltage pulses in the two secondary windings N 22 and N 23 , which are both coupled inductively to the two primary windings N 20 , N 21 . Since the two secondary windings N 22 , N 23 have an opposite winding sense, the high-voltage pulses induced in them have an opposite polarity, with the result that positive high-voltage pulses are applied to the first lamp electrode E 20 by the first secondary winding N 22 via the terminal j 22 , and negative high-voltage pulses are simultaneously applied to the second lamp electrode E 21 by the second secondary winding N 23 via the terminal j 23 . The positive voltage pulses at the starting voltage output j 22 and at the lamp electrode E 20 reach values of up to +11 kV, while the negative voltage pulses at the starting voltage output j 23 and at the lamp electrode E 21 assume values of up to −11 kV, so that the voltage drop across the discharge path of the lamp LP 2 is up to 22 kV during the starting phase.

The following table contains data on the dimensioning of the subassemblies of the two exemplary embodiments of the invention described in more detail above.

Table: Dimensioning of the subassemblies used in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2

C1, C2 330 nF, 400 V
R1, R2 4.7 kΩ, 1 W
D1, D2 UF 4007
F1, F2 KAS 03

The third exemplary embodiment of the invention is largely identical to the above-described first exemplary embodiment. It differs from the first exemplary embodiment only by the transformer. Like the transformer of the first exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 , the transformer of the third exemplary embodiment has a coil former with four chambers and a cylindrical ferrite core which is arranged in an axially extending cutout in the coil former. The secondary winding has 320 turns and consists of a copper litz wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm. It is wound uniformly over the four chambers of the coil former. By contrast with the first exemplary embodiment, the transformer in accordance with the third exemplary embodiment has, however, only one primary winding. This primary winding has two turns and consists of a wide copper strip which, separated by an electrically insulating varnish layer, is wound uniformly over the secondary winding, with the result that it encloses the secondary winding. The ferrite core of the transformer is arranged approximately on the winding axis of the primary and secondary windings. The ferrite body has an electric resistance of more than 1 MΩ. The third exemplary embodiment corresponds to the first in all other details.

The starting device ( FIG. 5 ) in accordance with the fourth exemplary embodiment has a transformer TR with two primary windings N 1 , N 2 connected in parallel and a secondary winding N 3 inductively coupled to both primary windings, an automatic switch constructed as spark gap F 1 , a starting capacitor C 3 , a further capacitor C 4 , two inductors L 1 , L 2 , a DC voltage input J 1 , J 2 , J 3 , and a starting voltage output J 4 , J 5 . The starting capacitor C 3 and the spark gap F 1 are secured to a metal plate formed as ring segment with which they form a prefabricated unit. To secure the starting capacitor C 3 and the spark gap F 1 to the metal plate, in each case one electric terminal of the starting capacitor C 3 and of the spark gap F 1 is connected to the metal plate by one or a plurality of weld points. To this unit there further belong two sheet strips and, welded to the metal plate, a wire which serves as electric terminal for the metal plate. The first sheet strip is connected to the second electric terminal of the starting capacitor C 3 by one or a plurality of weld points. The second sheet strip is connected to the second electric terminal of the spark gap F 1 by one or a plurality of weld points. In each case one free end of the first and of the second sheet strip is provided with an electric terminal which serves for electrically connecting the start of the winding and the end of the winding, respectively, of the primary windings N 1 , N 2 to the second terminal of the starting capacitor C 3 and to the second terminal of the spark gap F 1 , respectively.

The starting device illustrated in FIG. 5 has three DC voltage terminals J 1 (for −400V supply voltage), J 2 (for +600V supply voltage), J 3 (is connected to earth or to frame potential) of which optionally two are used. The DC voltage terminal J 1 is connected via the branch points V 3 , V 1 to the second terminal of the starting capacitor C 3 . The first terminal of the starting capacitor C 3 (68 nF; 1000V) is connected to the DC voltage terminal J 2 and by the metal plate to the first terminal of the spark gap F 1 . The branch point V 3 is connected via the secondary winding N 3 of the transformer TR and the downstream inductor L 1 to the starting voltage ouptut J 4 . The branch point V 1 is connected to the start of the two primary windings N 1 , N 2 connected in parallel. The ends of the two primary windings N 1 , N 2 are connected via the branch point V 2 to the second terminal of the spark gap F 1 . The DC voltage terminal J 3 is connected to the DC voltage output J 5 via the inductor L 2 . The starting device has in addition a further capacitor C 4 (4.7nF; 1000V) whose first terminal is connected to the DC voltage terminal J 1 and whose second terminal is connected to the DC voltage terminal J 3 .

The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments explained above in more detail. For example, in all the exemplary embodiments explained above, it is also possible to use an E core or a ring core or a U-core for the transformer instead of a cylindrical ferrite core. Moreover, it is also possible to replace the spark gap by an equivalent automatic switch, for example a semiconductor switch. The diode D 1 or D 2 serves to protect the capacitor C 1 or C 2 in the case where the DC voltage terminals of the DC voltage input of the starting device are exchanged with one another. It is not mandatory for the serviceability of the starting device according to the invention. The transformer TR of the starting device in accordance with the fourth exemplary embodiment can in addition have a further second secondary winding which is connected between the terminals j 3 and j 5 in series with inductor L 2 , with the result that the asymmetrical starting device of the fourth exemplary embodiment becomes a symmetrical starting device which applies starting voltage pulses to both lamp electrodes.

Claims

1. Starting device for a discharge lamp (LP1; LP2), havinga DC voltage input (j10, j11; j20, j21; j1, j2, j3) with a first (j10; j20; j1) and a second DC voltage terminal (j11; j21; j3), a starting voltage output with two starting voltage terminals (j12, j13; j22, j23; j4; j5) for the discharge lamp (LP1; LP2), a capacitor (C1; C2; C3) having two terminals, an automatic switch (F1; F2), a transformer (TR1; TR2; TR) with at least one primary winding (N10; N20; N1) and at least one secondary winding (N12; N22; N3), which in each case have a start of the winding and an end of the winding, characterized in that the transformer (TR1; TR2; TR) has a parallel circuit of at least two primary windings (N10, N11; N20, N21; N1, N2) which is inductively coupled to the at least one secondary winding (N12; N22; N3).

2. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the starts of the winding of all the primary windings (N10, N11; N20; N21; N1, N2) are interconnected, and the ends of the winding of all the primary windings (N10, N11; N20, N21; N1, N2) are interconnected.

3. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transformer (TR1; TR) has one secondary winding (N12; N3) whose start of the winding or end of the winding is connected to one of the starting voltage terminals (j12; j4) for the discharge lamp (LP1).

4. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary windings (N10, N11; N20, N21; N1, N2) in each case have at most two turns.

5. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC voltage input (j1, j2,j3) of the starting device has in addition a third DC voltage terminal (j2) to adapt the starting device to different supply voltages.

6. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe first DC voltage terminal (j10) is connected to a first terminal of the capacitor (C1), the second terminal of the capacitor (C1) is connected via a resistor element (R1) with the second DC voltage terminal (j11), the first terminal of the capacitor (C1) is connected via the parallel circuit of the primary windings (N10, N11), and via the switching path of the automatic switch (F1) to the second terminal of the capacitor (C1), the start or the end of the at least one secondary winding (N12) is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor (C1), and the end or the start of the at least one secondary winding (N12) is connected to the first starting voltage terminal (j12), and the second DC voltage terminal (j11) is connected to the second starting voltage terminal (j13).

7. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic switch (F1; F2) is a spark gap or a semiconductor switch.

8. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transformer (TR2) has at least two secondary windings (N22, N23),at least one first (N22) of the at least two secondary windings (N22, N23) being connected to the first starting voltage terminal (j22), at least one second (N23) of the at least two secondary windings (N22, N23) being connected to the second starting voltage terminal (j23), and the at least one first (N22) and the at least one second secondary winding (N23) being arranged in such a way that induced voltages of opposite polarity are generated in said secondary windings (N22, N23).

9. Starting device according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one first (N22) and the at least one second secondary winding (N23) of the transformer (TR2) have an opposite winding sense.

10. Starting device according to claim 8, characterized in thatthe first DC voltage terminal (j20) is connected to a first terminal of the capacitor (C2), the second terminal of the capacitor (C2) is connected via a resistor element (R2) to the second DC voltage terminal (j21), the first terminal of the capacitor (C2) is connected via the parallel circuit of the primary windings (N20, N21) and via the switching path of the automatic switch (F2) to the second terminal of the capacitor (C2), the start or the end of the at least one first secondary winding (N22) is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor (C2), and the end or the start of the at least one first secondary winding (N22) is connected to the first starting voltage terminal (j22), and the end or the start of the at least one second secondary winding (N23) is connected to the second DC voltage terminal (j21), and the start or the end of the at least one second secondary winding (N23) is connected to the second starting voltage terminal (j23).

11. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transformer has a ferrite body (K1; K2) and a coil former (S; S′) with at least one chamber for the transformer windings.

12. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the primary windings is constructed as a copper strip which is wound in an electrically insulated fashion over the at least one secondary winding of the transformer.

13. Starting device for a discharge lamp, havinga DC voltage input with a first and a second DC voltage terminal, a starting voltage output with two starting voltage terminals for the discharge lamp, a capacitor with two terminals, an automatic switch, and a transformer with a primary winding and at least one secondary winding, which in each case have a start of the winding and an end of the winding, characterized in that the primary winding has at most two turns and consists of a metal strip which encloses the at least one secondary winding.

14. Starting device according to claim 13, characterized in that the transformer has a ferrite body and a coil former with at least one chamber for the at least one secondary winding of the transformer, the at least one primary winding enclosing the ferrite body and the at least one secondary winding.

15. Starting device according to claim 11, characterized in that the ferrite body (K1; K2) is a cylinder core, a tubular core, a threaded core or an E core.

16. Starting device according to claim 11, characterized in that the ferrite body (K1, K2) is a ring core or a U-core.

17. Starting device according to claim 11, characterized in that the ferrite body (K1; K2) has an electric resistance of more than 1 MΩ.

18. Method for starting a discharge lamp comprising the steps of:providing a starting device having a DC voltage input and a second DC voltage terminal, a starting voltage output with two starting voltage terminals for the discharge lamp, a capacitor having two terminals, an automatic switch, a transformer with at least one primary winding, which in each case have a start of the winding and an end of the winding, the transformer having a parallel circuit of a least two primary windings which are inductively coupled to the at least one secondary winding; and applying to the electrode connected to the first starting voltage terminal of the discharge lamp voltage pulses which are induced in the at least one secondary winding by the discharging current of the capacitor flowing via the parallel circuit of the least two primary windings and via the switching path of the automatic switch.

19. The method according to claim 18 further comprising the steps of providing the transformer with at least two secondary windings, and applying to the electrodes connected to the two starting voltage terminals of the discharge lamp voltage pulses of opposite polarity which are induced in the at least two secondary windings by the discharging of current of the capacitor flowing via the parallel circuit of the at least two primary windings and via the switching path of the automatic switch.

20. The method according to claim 19 further comprising the step of simultaneously applying unipolar voltage pulses of opposite polarity to the electrodes connected to the two starting voltage terminals of the discharge lamp.