The present invention relates to the alignment of a display device and a decryption device. More in particular, the present invention relates to a decryption device for decrypting an encrypted image displayed on a screen of a display device, the decryption device comprising a screen on which a decrypted image can be made visible when the decryption device is superimposed on the screen of the display device.
It is well known to encrypt an image in order to prevent the image being recognized or to prevent its contents from being read by unauthorized persons. One technique of encrypting an image is disclosed in, for example, European Patent Application EP 0 260 815. This technique, also known as visual cryptography, employs two patterns, each of which cannot be recognized individually, which are overlaid to produce a recognizable image. To this end, the original image is transformed into two randomized parts or patterns, neither of which contains any perceptible image information. One of these patterns, which may be referred to as the encrypted image, is printed on paper or displayed on a display screen. The other pattern, which may be referred to as the key image, is printed on a transparency or displayed on an at least partially transparent display. When the key image is superimposed on the encrypted image, the patterns are combined in the eye of the viewer and the original image is recognized.
In an alternative technique, the original image is encrypted by permuting its pixels. An example of this technique is described in European Patent Application serial number 02079579.5 (attorney docket PHNL021058). A display device is used which is capable of sensing the pixels of the encrypted image, carrying out an inverse permutation and displaying the resulting decrypted image.
In either technique, a proper alignment of the display device displaying the encrypted image and the decryption device displaying the key image or sensing the encrypted image is important. If the display device and the decryption device are not properly aligned, the “decrypted” image may be unrecognizable.
Above-mentioned European Patent Application EP 0 260 815 acknowledges this problem and provides registration marks. Four registration marks are printed on the sheet showing the encrypted image, surrounding the image. In addition, four registration marks are provided on the transparency carrying the key image. The registration marks of the two substrates have complementary patterns which must be manually overlaid to ensure the proper alignment of the images.
Although this known alignment technique may be suitable for skilled users, it is not self-evident to the user of the transparent display how alignment may be obtained. In addition, the known alignment technique cannot readily be automated.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome these and other problems of the Prior Art and to provide a decryption device which has improved alignment means. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a decryption device which may be capable of assisting the user in aligning its image relative to the display device. Accordingly, the present invention provides a decryption device for decrypting an encrypted image displayed on a screen of a display device, the decryption device comprising a screen on which a decrypted image can be made visible when the decryption device is superimposed on the screen of the display device, wherein the decryption device further comprises sensor means capable of sensing the position of the decryption device relative to the encrypted image.
The sensor means allow electrical or optical sensor signals to be generated. These sensor signals can be used to provide adjustment indications to the user of the decryption device, or to automatically carry out the alignment.
The decryption device of the present invention therefore preferably comprises alignment means for providing alignment signals in response to position signals produced by the sensor means.
Although the decryption device may be capable of only displaying a single image, as in European Patent Application EP 0 260 815 mentioned above, it is preferred that the decryption device is capable of displaying multiple images, in other words, that the decryption device is capable of substituting the image it displays for another image; preferably the decryption device is capable of displaying a plurality of distinct images.
In a first embodiment, the alignment means are arranged for providing visible and/or audible alignment signals so as to assist manual alignment of the decryption device on the one hand and the display device and consequently the encrypted image on the other hand. The alignment signals may be produced by lights bulbs or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), or by a small loudspeaker, or both. Alternatively, or additionally, alignment instructions may appear on the screen of the decryption device.
In a second embodiment, the alignment means are arranged for automatic alignment. That is, the alignment means adjust the image on the screen of the decryption device so as to achieve alignment with the (image on the) screen of the display device. This adjustment may be achieved by a translation of the image, that is, by horizontally and/or vertically shifting the image relative to the screen of the decryption device. Alternatively, or additionally, a rotation of the image may be carried out. In an advantageous embodiment, the size and/or the shape of the image may also be adjusted, for example enlarging or shrinking the image, or adjusting for any skew. Accordingly, the decryption device of the present invention may be arranged for adjusting the position and/or the orientation and/or the shape and/or the size of an image displayed on its screen.
The alignment means can therefore be arranged for determining the size of the encrypted image and/or their compatibility, and for compensating any discrepancies. If the encrypted image displayed on the screen of the display device has a different pixel resolution from the key image of the decryption device, the alignment means of the decryption device could be arranged for automatically manipulating the key image so as to best match the encrypted image.
As mentioned above, two types of image decryption devices may be distinguished. A decryption device of the first type has a screen which is at least partially transparent, the decryption device being arranged for displaying a key image on its screen. A decryption device of the second type further comprises a sensor matrix for sensing the encrypted image displayed by the display device, and permuting means for permuting the encrypted image so as to produce a decrypted image which is displayed on its screen. Both types of decryption devices may be arranged in accordance with the present invention.
The sensor means may comprise optical and/or electromagnetic sensors. Preferably, optical sensors are used which sense certain patterns and/or colors on the display device. Optical sensors may be provided with one or more lenses. Said alignment patterns sensed by the alignment sensors may have various designs and may, for example, comprise lines, stripes, concentric circles, varying gray levels, etc. In addition, several patterns located at different points of the display device may co-operate by having certain mutual orientations. The sensor means may, for example, comprise photodiodes and/or charge coupled devices (CCDs). However, as stated above, electromagnetic sensors may also be used, such as sensors detecting the presence of a magnetic field or the presence of a conductive (or non-conductive) element, such as a metal strip.
Additionally, or alternatively, mechanical sensors may be used. Such mechanical sensors may detect variations in the surface of the display device, for example grooves or protrusions. In a very economic embodiment, the mechanical sensors are constituted by corresponding surface parts, for example a groove on the decryption device corresponding with a protrusion on the display device.
The present invention further provides a system for decrypting and displaying encrypted images, the system comprising:
To assist the sensor means in sensing the relative position, the display device is preferably provided with alignment images. In a first embodiment, the alignment images are arranged around the screen of the display device. In this embodiment, therefore, the alignment images are arranged on a suitable part of the display device, such as its casing. In a second embodiment, the alignment images are part of the encrypted image. In this embodiment, the alignment images are shown on the screen of the display device. It is of course possible to provide alignment images both on the (casing of the) display device and in the image shown on the screen.
The present invention will further be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
The system shown merely by way of non-limiting example in
The screen 20 of the display device 2 displays an encrypted image A. The actual image, which is not shown in
The decryption device 1 comprises a screen 10 which displays a key image B. The key image B also resembles a random pattern. The encrypted image A and the key image B are the two “shares” or partial images derived from a single, original image. Superimposing these “shares”, that is, the encrypted image A and the key image B, will result in a decrypted image C which will resemble the original image. Accordingly, as shown in
The decryption device 1 is a trusted device which may be used together with a non-trusted display device. Preferably there is no electrical connection between the display device 2 and the decryption device 1 so as the preserve the security of the decryption device.
It will be understood that a correct alignment of the images A and B is required in order to produce a recognizable image C. A correct alignment of the images is achieved when the screens 10 and 20 are properly aligned. In accordance with the present invention, the lower side (also referred to as back side) of the decryption device 10 is provided with sensor units 11, as shown in the example of
The alignment signals may result in visual and/or aural indication being given to the user of the decryption device. In
The sensors 11 shown in
In a preferred embodiment, optical sensors are used, as mentioned above. In such an embodiment, alignment patterns 22 will be used. Examples of alignment patterns are shown in
In a particularly advantageous embodiment the decryption device 1 is arranged for automatically aligning its image B in response to the alignment signals. On the basis of the sensor signals, the (alignment means of the) decryption device can determine if and to what extent the image B on the decryption device is to be scaled, translated, rotated, skewed and/or otherwise transformed so as to align the key image B with the encrypted image A.
For example, when the decryption device comprises a matrix display, translating the image may be achieved by shifting the image data by an integral number of pixel rows and/or columns. To scale and/or rotate the image, the position of the pixels on the display may first be processed in accordance with a desired geometrical mapping before displaying the image again with the desired size and/or orientation. The key image is preferably designed such that translating, rotating or scaling the image is possible without loss of image information. This can be facilitated by ensuring that only part of the key image and the encrypted image contains information, said part preferably be located near or towards the center of the image. In a preferred embodiment, the actual image is centered on the screen, leaving a border on all sides. Such a border which is left for adjustment purposes may have a width ranging from 1% to 40% of the respective screen dimension, but a width of approximately 10% is preferred, although other widths may also be used.
In
It will be understood that instead of the patterns shown in
In the embodiment shown in
As mentioned above, the present invention may be advantageously utilized in various applications where encrypted images have to be decrypted, such as teller machines and payment terminals.
It is noted that in the above discussion of
The present invention is based upon the insight that a proper alignment of a display device and a superimposed image decryption device can be facilitated by providing sensors capable of sensing or detecting the position of the decryption device relative to the display device. The present invention benefits from the further insight that sensors producing alignment signals can advantageously be used to give alignment instructions to the user or to automate the alignment process.
It is noted that any terms used in this document should not be construed so as limit the scope of the present invention. In particular, the words “comprise(s)” and “comprising” are not meant to exclude any elements not specifically stated. Single (circuit) elements may be substituted with multiple (circuit) elements or with their equivalents. Any reference signs in the claims should of course not be construed so as to limit the scope of the claims.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated above and that many modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appending claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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03102239.5 | Jul 2003 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/IB04/51195 | 7/12/2004 | WO | 1/23/2006 |