Patent Grant
10377312
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-005098 filed on Jan. 14, 2015, which is herein incorporated by references.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image display mirror for a vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
A technology involving combining a rear-view mirror for a vehicle with an image display apparatus to display an image has heretofore been known. For example, Japanese Patent No. 5273286 discloses an image display mirror including a half mirror arranged on the front surface (viewer side surface) of a monitor. In the image display mirror, the rear can be viewed with a reflected image provided by the half mirror. Meanwhile, when an image is displayed on the monitor, the image can be viewed through the half mirror.
Such image display mirror involves a problem in that, for example, when the quantity of light from the rear of a vehicle is large, the reflected image inhibits the visibility of the image displayed on the monitor. Japanese Patent No. 5273286 proposes the following technology. An influence of the reflected image is reduced by making the angle of the half mirror when a viewer (occupant) views the rear and the angle when the viewer views the image of the monitor different from each other. According to such technology, the influence of the reflected image provided by the half mirror can be reduced by adjusting the angle of the half mirror so that when the monitor image is viewed, the reflected image becomes an image that does not inhibit the visibility of the monitor image, specifically so that a ceiling is mirrored by reflection.
However, when it is difficult to turn the reflected image provided by the half mirror into the image that does not inhibit the visibility of the monitor image, e.g., when the image display mirror of Japanese Patent No. 5273286 is applied to a vehicle including a ceiling that transmits light, such as a panoramic roof or a sunroof, or a convertible car, the influence of the reflected image cannot be reduced by the mirror.
The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an image display mirror that includes a half mirror and an image display apparatus, reduces an influence of a reflected image provided by the half mirror, and is excellent in visibility of an image displayed on the image display apparatus.
An image display mirror for a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first polarizing plate, a half mirror, and an image display apparatus in the stated order from a viewer side.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first polarizing plate includes a polarizer, and a direction of an absorption axis of the polarizer is set so that a transmittance of light output from the image display apparatus that is transmitted through the first polarizing plate becomes maximum.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the image display apparatus includes a second polarizing plate including a polarizer, and an absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate are substantially parallel to each other.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first polarizing plate and the half mirror are brought into close contact with each other by interlayer filling.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the half mirror and the image display apparatus are brought into close contact with each other by interlayer filling.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the image display mirror for a vehicle further includes a λ/4 plate on a viewer side of the first polarizing plate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the image display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display apparatus including a liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal display apparatus is free of a polarizing plate on a viewer side of the liquid crystal cell.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an angle formed between a reflection surface of the half mirror and an image display surface of the image display apparatus is more than 0° and 45° or less.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the image display mirror includes the polarizing plate (first polarizing plate), the half mirror, and the image display apparatus in the stated order from the viewer side. Thus, the image display mirror that reduces an influence of a reflected image provided by the half mirror, and is excellent in visibility of a image displayed on the image display apparatus can be provided.
Embodiments of the present invention are hereinafter described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
A. Overall Construction of Image Display Mirror for a Vehicle
The first polarizing plate 110 is preferably arranged so that as large a quantity as possible of light output from the image display apparatus is transmitted through the first polarizing plate. More specifically, it is preferred that the first polarizing plate including a polarizer be used and the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizer be set so that the transmittance of the light output from the image display apparatus that is transmitted through the first polarizing plate becomes maximum. An example of such embodiment is an image display mirror for a vehicle that uses the image display apparatus including a second polarizing plate 132 including a polarizer, and is configured so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizing plate 132 and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate 110 are substantially parallel to each other. It should be noted that the expression “substantially parallel” includes the case where an angle formed between the two directions is 0°±10°, and the angle is preferably 0°±7°, more preferably 0°±5°.
The first polarizing plate and the half mirror, and/or the half mirror and the image display apparatus may be brought into contact with each other or may be out of contact with each other. It is preferred that a gap between the first polarizing plate and the half mirror be filled with a transparent resin, and both the members be brought into close contact with each other. Similarly, a gap between the half mirror and the image display apparatus is preferably filled with a transparent resin. When the first polarizing plate and the half mirror, and/or the half mirror and the image display apparatus are brought into close contact with each other as described above, an image display mirror for a vehicle excellent in efficiency with which light is utilized and excellent in visibility of a displayed image can be obtained. Any appropriate resin film, pressure-sensitive adhesive, or the like can be used in interlayer filling. A pressure-sensitive adhesive excellent in transparency is preferably used as the pressure-sensitive adhesive. Examples thereof include an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, and a rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive.
A λ/4 plate can be arranged on the viewer side (i.e., the side opposite to the half mirror) of the first polarizing plate. The λ/4 plate has a function of transforming linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light (or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light) by arranging its slow axis at an angle of about +45° or about −45° relative to the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate (details are described later). The arrangement of the λ/4 plate can provide an image display mirror for a vehicle excellent in visibility for a user of a pair of polarized sunglasses. It should be noted that the λ/4 plate may be brought into contact with the first polarizing plate or may be out of contact therewith. In addition, the λ/4 plate and the first polarizing plate may be bonded to each other through a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Further, the λ/4 plate may be arranged removably and attachably.
In one embodiment, as illustrated in each of
B. First Polarizing Plate
The polarizing plate typically has a polarizer and a protective layer arranged on one side, or each of both sides, of the polarizer. The polarizer is typically an absorption-type polarizer.
The transmittance (also referred to as “single axis transmittance”) of the polarizer at a wavelength of 589 nm is preferably 41% or more, more preferably 42% or more. It should be noted that a theoretical upper limit for the single axis transmittance is 50%. In addition, its polarization degree is preferably from 99.5% to 100%, more preferably from 99.9% to 100%.
Any appropriate polarizer may be used as the polarizer. Examples thereof include: a polarizer obtained by adsorbing a dichroic substance, such as iodine or a dichroic dye, onto a hydrophilic polymer film, such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based film, a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol-based film, or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified film, and subjecting the resultant film to uniaxial stretching; and polyene-based alignment films, such as a dehydrated product of polyvinyl alcohol and a dehydrochlorinated product of polyvinyl chloride. Of those, a polarizer obtained by adsorbing a dichroic substance, such as iodine, onto a polyvinyl alcohol-based film and subjecting the resultant film to uniaxial stretching is particularly preferred because of its high polarized dichromaticity. The polarizer has a thickness of preferably from 0.5 μm to 80 μm.
The polarizer obtained by adsorbing iodine onto a polyvinyl alcohol-based film and subjecting the resultant film to uniaxial stretching is typically produced by dyeing polyvinyl alcohol through immersion in an aqueous solution of iodine and stretching the resultant film at a ratio of from 3 times to 7 times with respect to its original length. The stretching may be carried out after the dyeing, the stretching may be carried out during the dyeing, or the stretching may be carried out before the dyeing. The polarizer may be produced by subjecting the film to treatments such as swelling, cross-linking, adjusting, washing with water, and drying in addition to the stretching and the dyeing.
Any appropriate film may be used as the protective layer. As a material for the main component of such film, there are specifically given, for example: cellulose-based resins, such as triacetylcellulose (TAC); and transparent resins, such as (meth) acrylic, polyester-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, polycarbonate-based, polyamide-based, polyimide-based, polyether sulfone-based, polysulfone-based, polystyrene-based, polynorbornene-based, polyolefin-based, or acetate-based transparent resins. In addition, examples thereof further include thermosetting resins and UV curable resins, such as acrylic, urethane-based, acrylic urethane-based, epoxy-based, or silicone-based thermosetting resins and UV curable resins. In addition, examples thereof further include glassy polymers, such as a siloxane-based polymer. In addition, a polymer film described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2001-343529 (International Patent WO01/37007A) may also be used. For example, a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having in its side chain a substituted or unsubstituted imide group and a thermoplastic resin having in its side chain a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a nitrile group may be used as a material for the film. An example thereof is a resin composition containing an alternating copolymer formed of isobutene and N-methylmaleimide and an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer. The polymer film may be, for example, an extruded product of the resin composition.
C. Half Mirror
Any appropriate mirror can be used as the half mirror as long as the mirror can transmit part of incident light and reflect other part thereof. Examples thereof include: a half mirror including a transparent base material and a metal thin film formed on the transparent base material; and a half mirror including a transparent base material and a dielectric multilayer film formed on the transparent base material. The half mirror is preferably free of a polarization function from the viewpoint that the effect of arranging the first polarizing plate is efficiently obtained.
Any appropriate material can be used as a material for constituting the transparent base material. Examples of the material include: transparent resin materials, such as polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, and an epoxy resin; and glass. The thickness of the transparent base material is, for example, from 20 μm to 5,000 μm. The transparent base material is preferably free of a retardation.
A metal having a highlight reflectance can be used as a material for constituting the metal thin film, and examples thereof include aluminum, silver, and tin. The metal thin film can be formed by, for example, plating or vapor deposition. The thickness of the metal thin film is, for example, from 2 nm to 80 nm, preferably from 3 nm to 50 nm.
In the dielectric multilayer film, a high-refractive index material and a low-refractive index material each having a predetermined thickness are laminated so that the film has a function as a mirror. The high-refractive index material and the low-refractive index material are preferably laminated in an alternate manner, and the function as the half mirror is expressed by utilizing the interference of light beams occurring upon their incidence from the low-refractive index material to the high-refractive index material. The half mirror including the dielectric multilayer film is preferred because its absorption of light is reduced.
The high-refractive index material has a refractive index of preferably more than 2.0, more preferably more than 2.0 and 3.0 or less. Specific examples of the high-refractive index material include ZnS-SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, and Ta2O3. The low-refractive index material has a refractive index of preferably from 1.2 to 2.0, more preferably from 1.4 to 1.9. Specific examples of the low-refractive index material include SiO2, Al2O3, and MgF.
The visible light reflectance of the half mirror is preferably from 20% to 80%, more preferably from 30% to 70%, still more preferably from 40% to 60%. In addition, the visible light transmittance of the half mirror is preferably from 20% to 80%, more preferably from 30% to 70%, still more preferably from 40% to 60%. The visible light reflectance, the visible light transmittance, and a ratio therebetween (described later) can be adjusted by controlling the thickness of the metal thin film or the dielectric multilayer film.
The ratio between the visible light reflectance and visible light transmittance of the half mirror (reflectance:transmittance) is preferably from 2:8 to 8:2, more preferably from 3:7 to 7:3, still more preferably from 4:6 to 6:4. The ratio between the visible light reflectance and the visible light transmittance can be appropriately adjusted in accordance with, for example, the brightness of the image display apparatus.
D. Image Display Apparatus
Any appropriate apparatus can be used as the image display apparatus. Examples thereof include a liquid crystal display apparatus, an organic EL display apparatus, and a plasma display apparatus. Description is given below by taking the liquid crystal display apparatus as a typical example. In one embodiment, as illustrated in
D-1. Liquid Crystal Cell
The liquid crystal cell 131 has a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer serving as a display medium sandwiched between the substrates. In a general construction, a color filter and a black matrix are arranged on one of the substrates, and a switching element for controlling the electrooptical characteristics of a liquid crystal, a scanning line for providing the switching element with a gate signal and a signal line for providing the element with a source signal, and a pixel electrode and a counter electrode are arranged on the other substrate. An interval between the substrates (cell gap) can be controlled with, for example, a spacer. For example, an alignment film formed of polyimide can be arranged on the side of each of the substrates to be brought into contact with the liquid crystal layer.
In one embodiment, the liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homogeneous array under a state in which no electric field is present. Such liquid crystal layer (resultantly the liquid crystal cell) typically shows a three-dimensional refractive index of nx>ny=nz. It should be noted that the expression “ny=nz” as used herein includes not only the case where ny and nz are completely equal to each other but also the case where ny and nz are substantially equal to each other. Typical examples of a driving mode using the liquid crystal layer showing such three-dimensional refractive index include an in-plane switching (IPS) mode and a fringe field switching (FFS) mode. It should be noted that the IPS mode includes a super in-plane switching (S-IPS) mode and an advanced super in-plane switching (AS-IPS) mode each adopting a V-shaped electrode, a zigzag electrode, or the like. In addition, the FFS mode includes an advanced fringe field switching (A-FFS) mode and an ultra fringe field switching (U-FFS) mode each adopting a V-shaped electrode, a zigzag electrode, or the like.
In another embodiment, the liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules aligned in a homeotropic array under a state in which no electric field is present. Such liquid crystal layer (resultantly the liquid crystal cell) typically shows a three-dimensional refractive index of nz>nx=ny. A driving mode using the liquid crystal molecules aligned in the homeotropic array under a state in which no electric field is present is, for example, a vertical alignment (VA) mode. The VA mode includes a multi-domain VA (MVA) mode.
D-2. Second Polarizing Plate and Third Polarizing Plate
Such polarizing plate as described in the section B is used as each of the second polarizing plate and the third polarizing plate.
In one embodiment, the second polarizing plate 132 is omitted from the image display apparatus (liquid crystal display apparatus) 130 illustrated in
E. λ/4 Plate
In one embodiment, as described above, the λ/4 plate is arranged on the viewer side (i.e., the side opposite to the half mirror) of the first polarizing plate.
A front retardation R0 of the λ/4 plate at a wavelength of 590 nm is from 90 nm to 190 nm, preferably from 100 nm to 180 nm, more preferably from 110 nm to 170 nm. It should be noted that the front retardation R0 in this specification is determined from the equation “R0=(nx−ny)×d” where nx represents a refractive index in the direction in which an in-plane refractive index becomes maximum (i.e., a slow axis direction), ny represents a refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the slow axis in a plane (i.e., a fast axis direction), and d (nm) represents the thickness of a retardation film; these parameters are values under 23° C. The λ/4 plate shows any appropriate refractive index ellipsoid as long as the plate has the relationship of nx>ny. For example, the refractive index ellipsoid of the λ/4 plate shows the relationship of nx>nz>ny or nx>ny>nz.
An angle between the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate and the slow axis of the λ/4 plate is preferably from +40° to +50° or from −40° to −50°, more preferably from +43° to +47° or from −43° to −47°, still more preferably +45° or −45° . When the first polarizing plate and the λ/4 plate are arranged so as to show such relationship, the laminated structure of the first polarizing plate and the λ/4 plate can function as a circularly polarizing plate.
Any appropriate material can be used as a material for constituting the λ/4 plate as long as the effects of the present invention are obtained. A typical example thereof is a stretched film of a polymer film. Examples of a resin for forming the polymer film include a polycarbonate-based resin and a cycloolefin-based resin. A method of producing the λ/4 plate is not particularly limited, but the λ/4 plate can be obtained by, for example, stretching the polymer film at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 250° C. and at a stretching ratio of from about 1.1 times to about 2.5 times. The front retardation and thickness direction retardation of the λ/4 plate can be controlled by adjusting the stretching ratio and stretching temperature of the polymer film. The thickness and total light transmittance of the λ/4 plate are preferably about 200 μm or less and 80% or more, respectively, though the thickness and the total light transmittance are not particularly limited thereto.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-005098 | Jan 2015 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5853240 | Tanaka | Dec 1998 | A |
| 7502156 | Tonar | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7679809 | Tonar | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7916380 | Tonar et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 8282224 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8545030 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8704892 | Taguchi et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 9254789 | Anderson et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9684204 | Sakai et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9910310 | Tonar et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 20050207020 | Kawamura | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20060007550 | Tonar et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060072057 | Yano et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060098137 | Kameyama | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20070139772 | Wang | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070146481 | Chen | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20080180596 | Fujimoto | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20090002575 | Yamada | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090002822 | Tonar et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090296190 | Anderson | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100110553 | Anderson et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100165437 | Tonar et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100245701 | Sato | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100277786 | Anderson | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20120140074 | Taguchi et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20130106922 | Chen | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20140036339 | Tonar et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140347488 | Tazaki et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20160026039 | Sakai et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160178964 | Sakai | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160193963 | Anderson et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160200255 | Takada | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160221506 | Takada | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160221507 | Takada | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160221508 | Takada | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160221509 | Takada | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160252770 | Tonar et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1755406 | Apr 2006 | CN |
| 102887114 | Jan 2013 | CN |
| 196 31 409 | Feb 1998 | DE |
| 60-169620 | Nov 1985 | JP |
| 11-183895 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 2009-529452 | Aug 2009 | JP |
| 2011-145331 | Jul 2011 | JP |
| 2011-527773 | Nov 2011 | JP |
| 2012-116357 | Jun 2012 | JP |
| 5273286 | Aug 2013 | JP |
| 2014201146 | Oct 2014 | JP |
| WO 9420331 | Sep 1994 | WO |
| 2007103573 | Sep 2007 | WO |
| 2014112525 | Jul 2014 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Extended (Supplementary) European Search Report (EESR) dated Jun. 10, 2016, issued in counterpart European Patent Application No. 16151040.9. (8 pages). |
| Office Action dated Aug. 15, 2018, issued in counterpart Japanese Application No. 2015-005098, with English translation. (11 pages). |
| Office Action dated Apr. 2, 2019, issued in counterpart JP Application No. 2015-005098, with English translation. (12 pages). |
| Office Action dated Mar. 20, 2019, issued in counterpart CN Application No. 201610016407.2, with English translation. (20 pages). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160200256 A1 | Jul 2016 | US |
