Patent Grant
8098406
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-263314 filed with the Japan Patent Office on Oct. 9, 2007, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to an image forming apparatus and an image forming method each used for performing dither processing on image data to form an image subjected to pseudo-halftone processing.
2. Description of the Related Art
An image forming apparatus adopting electrophotography, such as a laser printer, carries out printing through processes including exposure, development, transfer and fixation.
In an exposure step, first, an electrostatic latent image of an image is formed on a surface of a photosensitive drum by irradiation with an exposure beam changed in amount on the basis of image data to be printed out. Herein, a gray scale of the image, that is, a gradation can be represented by intensity modulation of the exposure beam or control of an exposure time.
In a development step, next, toner is attached to the photosensitive drum, so that the electrostatic latent image is developed as a toner image on the photosensitive drum. In a transfer step, the toner image is primary-transferred from the photosensitive drum to a transfer belt, and then is secondary-transferred from the transfer belt to a sheet of paper for printing. In a fixation step, heat is applied to the sheet of paper, so that the toner image is fixated on the sheet of paper.
A color printer that uses multicolor toner requires an exposure unit and a development unit for each color. In this color printer, toner images of the respective colors are superposed on a transfer member such as a transfer belt, and then are transferred collectively to a sheet of paper for printing. This color printer is known as a so-called tandem color printer.
The foregoing image forming apparatus adopting photography has the following problem. That is, since the toner images of the respective colors are superposed on the transfer member, respectively, misregistration of the colors degrades image quality.
Upon printing of a uniform halftone image, for example, if misregistration of colors occurs partially, a portion where the misregistration occurs is different in color from the remaining portion in development. In other words, there is a possibility that color shading may occur in a page.
Further, if misregistration of colors in one page is different in degree from that in another page, there is a possibility that color variation may occur between the pages.
The color variation occurs due to different degrees of color misregistration, so that pitch nonuniformity occurs disadvantageously. Accordingly, such a disadvantage must be prevented.
For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 62-091076 proposes a technique of growing a line screen in a sub scanning direction in order to eliminate pitch nonuniformity as much as possible. Alternatively, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-341356 proposes a technique of setting a size of a matrix at a value other than an integral multiple of beams in order to eliminate pitch nonuniformity due to multibeam irradiation as much as possible.
However, each of the foregoing methods fails to suppress color variation due to misregistration of colors.
The present invention has been devised to solve the foregoing problems. An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus and an image forming method each capable of suppressing color variation due to misregistration of colors.
The present invention provides an image forming apparatus for performing dither processing on image data to form an image subjected to pseudo-halftone processing. The image forming apparatus includes: a dither processing unit that performs dither processing on image data; and a dither pattern generation unit that generates a dither matrix for use in the dither processing, in accordance with an output gradation level. The dither matrix has a size of M×N pixels, and has a plurality of halftone dots arranged in a predetermined pattern in accordance with the output gradation level in order to represent a gradation of each color. The plurality of halftone dots are arranged in the dither matrix such that the halftone dots corresponding to at least two colors are substantially identical in color area ratio to each other in the dither matrix irrespective of a relative position with respective to the colors.
Preferably, the dither matrix includes basic patterns each having pixels equal in number to the pixels arranged in one of sides of the dither matrix, and the basic patterns coming into contact with each other in a vertical direction are displaced mutually in a lateral direction.
Preferably, the number of pixels arranged in one of sides of the dither matrix is an odd number.
Preferably, the M×N pixels are not less than four times as large in number as output gradations.
Preferably, the image forming apparatus further includes: a density measurement unit that measures a density of an actual image formed by a printer engine; a reference dither storage unit that stores a referential dither matrix; a pattern table storage unit that stores a pattern table for specifying halftone dot arrangement in the referential dither matrix brought into correspondence with the output gradation level; and a pattern table correction unit that corrects the pattern table stored in the pattern table storage unit, on the basis of a result of the measurement by the density measurement unit. Herein, the dither pattern generation unit generates the dither matrix on the basis of an output result of the pattern table for specifying the halftone dot arrangement in the referential dither matrix from the pattern table correction unit in accordance with the output gradation level.
The present invention also provides an image forming method for performing dither processing on image data to form an image subjected to pseudo-halftone processing. The image forming method includes the steps of: performing dither processing on image data; and generating a dither matrix for use in the dither processing in accordance with an output gradation level. Herein, in the step of generating the dither matrix, the dither matrix has a size of M×N pixels, and has a plurality of halftone dots arranged in a predetermined pattern in accordance with the output gradation level in order to represent a gradation of each color, and the plurality of halftone dots are arranged in the dither matrix such that the halftone dots corresponding to at least two colors are substantially identical in color area ratio to each other in the dither matrix irrespective of a relative position with respective to the colors.
Preferably, the dither matrix includes basic patterns each having pixels equal in number to the pixels arranged in one of sides of the dither matrix, and the basic patterns coming into contact with each other in a vertical direction are displaced mutually in a lateral direction.
Preferably, the number of pixels arranged in one of sides of the dither matrix is an odd number.
Preferably, the M×N pixels are not less than four times as large in number as output gradations.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable medium for storing a control program causing an image forming apparatus that performs dither processing on image data to form an image subjected to pseudo-halftone processing to execute the steps of: performing dither processing on image data; and generating a dither matrix for use in the dither processing in accordance with an output gradation level. Herein, in the step of generating the dither matrix, the dither matrix has a size of M×N pixels, and has a plurality of halftone dots arranged in a predetermined pattern in accordance with the output gradation level in order to represent a gradation of each color, and the plurality of halftone dots are arranged in the dither matrix such that the halftone dots corresponding to at least two colors are substantially identical in color area ratio to each other in the dither matrix irrespective of a relative position with respective to the colors.
Preferably, the dither matrix includes basic patterns each having pixels equal in number to the pixels arranged in one of sides of the dither matrix, and the basic patterns coming into contact with each other in a vertical direction are displaced mutually in a lateral direction.
Preferably, the number of pixels arranged in one of sides of the dither matrix is an odd number.
Preferably, the M×N pixels are not less than four times as large in number as output gradations.
In the image forming apparatus and the image forming method according to the present invention, the dither matrix has the size of M×N pixels, and has the plurality of halftone dots arranged in the predetermined pattern in accordance with the output gradation level in order to represent the gradation of each color. Further, the plurality of halftone dots are arranged in the dither matrix such that the halftone dots corresponding to at least two colors are substantially identical in color area ratio to each other in the dither matrix irrespective of the relative position with respective to the colors. Unlike the conventional art, therefore, the present invention allows suppression of color variation even in a case where misregistration of colors, that is, misalignment of resist patterns occurs.
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The file of this patent contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent with color drawings will be provided by the Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
With reference to the drawings, hereinafter, description will be given of preferred embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, identical components and constituent elements are denoted by identical reference numerals, and designations and functions thereof are equal to each other, respectively.
In one embodiment of the present invention, description will be given of a case where an image forming apparatus according to the present invention is a digital color copying machine (hereinafter, simply referred to as a copying machine).
However, the example of the image forming apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to a copying machine. Alternatively, the image forming apparatus according to the present invention may be a printer, a facsimile, an MFP (Multi Function Peripheral) functioning as a printer and a facsimile, or the like.
With reference to
As shown in
Controller 601 receives a command from a user through input device 609, and outputs to display 605 a screen output generated by execution of a program. Communication interface 607 typically transmits and receives data to and from a personal computer and the like through a network, and includes a LAN adaptor, driver software for control of the LAN adaptor, and the like. Printer 603 performs print processing with the use of a printer engine, and has a hardware configuration for the print processing. Printer 603 also includes a control unit for control of operations of respective units. Input device 609 includes an image input unit such as a scanner (not shown).
HDD drive 615 stores a program required for execution of the program in controller 601, in a nonvolatile manner. FDD drive 611 or CD-ROM drive 613 reads such a program from a flexible disc F or a CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) 613a.
With reference to
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Specifically, controller 601 includes an image processing unit 103, a dither processing unit 104, a basic dither storage unit 107, a pattern table storage unit 108, a pattern table correction unit 106 and a dither generation unit 105. Herein, basic dither storage unit 107 stores a basic dither pattern that has a size of M×N pixels and represents (M×N+1) gradation levels. Pattern table storage unit 108 stores a pattern table in which the gradation levels in the basic dither pattern are brought into correspondence with, for example, 256 gradations, respectively. Pattern table correction unit 106 corrects the pattern table in accordance with a temporal change of output characteristics of the printer. Dither generation unit 105 generates dither patterns corresponding to the 256 gradations with the use of the pattern table corrected by pattern table correction unit 106 and the basic dither pattern stored in basic dither storage unit 107.
Image data is inputted to controller 601 through the image input unit of input device 609 shown in
Dither processing unit 104 performs pseudo-halftone processing with the use of the dither pattern (also referred to as a dither matrix) generated by dither generation unit 105 to produce a bit image. Printer engine 110 of printer 603 receives the bit image to form an actual image. It is assumed herein that printer 603 is a laser beam printer.
Printer 603 includes a density measurement unit 109 that measures an actual density of the image formed by printer engine 110. Pattern table correction unit 106 receives a signal from density measurement unit 109 to correct the pattern table outputted from pattern table storage unit 108.
As described above, dither generation unit 105 generates the dither matrix on the basis of the basic dither pattern stored in basic dither storage unit 107 and the corrected pattern table.
With reference to
First, image data is input from the image input unit of input device 609 (step S1).
Then, on the input image data, the above-described image processing is performed by image processing unit 103 (step S2).
Next, on the image data that is output from image processing unit 103, the pseudo-halftone processing is performed by dither processing unit 104 using a dither matrix generated by dither generation unit 105 to produce a bit image (step S3).
Then, the produced bit image is output to printer engine 110 (step S4).
With reference to
Dither generation unit 105 receives a basic dither pattern from basic dither storage unit 107 (step S10). Specifically, the basic dither pattern is obtained that has a size of M×N pixels and can represent (M×N+1) gradation levels. As one example, a basic dither pattern of 37×37 pixels that can represent 256 gradation levels is obtained.
Then, a pattern table is obtained from pattern table storage unit 108 (step S11). Specifically, the pattern table corrected by pattern table correction unit 106 as described above is obtained. As one example, a corrected pattern table is obtained in which respective 256 gradation levels and the corresponding gradation levels of the basic dither pattern are correlated with each other.
Then, based on the basic dither pattern and the corrected pattern table, a dither matrix is generated (step S12). As one example, a dither matrix having gradations corresponding respectively to 256 gradations is generated using the basic dither pattern of 37×37 pixels.
The dither matrix generated as described above is used by dither processing unit 104.
With reference to
Herein, an output density value varies due to influences (such as temperature and humidity) in a use environment, so that a desired output gradation which is coincident with an input density value can not be obtained in some cases.
In order to avoid this drawback, a pattern table is corrected at a predetermined timing (e.g., after power-on) to maintain a stable gradation property constantly.
Specifically, a corrective image that has a gradation pattern consisting of a plurality of gradations, that is, a plurality of patch-like density steps with density varying in a stepwise manner is formed on intermediate transfer body 502. Then, density measurement unit 109 detects an output density of the corrective image transferred on a transfer belt through a photosensitive drum in such a manner that an optical sensor 501 measures an amount of light reflected from intermediate transfer body 502. Then, pattern table correction unit 106 receives a result of the measurement to correct a gradation.
A method for correcting the gradation involves: plotting, as output density values, measured density values in the respective density steps, which are measured by sensor 501, with respect to input density values to calculate a measurement curve; obtaining a correction curve having a property opposite to that of the measurement curve with respect to a straight line indicating a target output gradation; and correcting the gradation on the basis of the correction curve.
The pattern table correction unit 106 corrects a pattern table so as to achieve a target gradation property in accordance with a density value measured by the foregoing gradation correction method.
Herein, description will be given of basic dither storage unit 107.
The basic dither pattern in basic dither storage unit 107 has the size of M×N pixels.
In the basic dither pattern, the M×N pixels light up in an order predetermined in accordance with a gradation level. A case where no pixels light up corresponds to 0 gradation, and a case where all the pixels light up corresponds to M×N gradations. That is, the dither matrix having the size of the M×N pixels can represent (M×N+1) gradations.
In a case where the number of gradations of image data is 256, gradations of a basic dither pattern must be brought into correspondence with the 256 gradations. A result of this correspondence is recorded in a pattern table stored in pattern table storage unit 108.
Herein, the gradations to be prepared herein must be larger in number than output gradations in order to maintain a stable gradation property constantly. Desirably, the number of gradations is not less than four times as large as the number of output gradations. In order to represent the 256 gradations, for example, the dither matrix to be prepared has pixels of M×N≧1024.
With reference to
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The number of representable gradations is obtained from an equation, 37×37+1=1370. For the sake of simplification of the description, in the first specific example, the basic dither pattern is divided into 37 blocks as shown by bold lines. One block (6×6+1 pixels) is also referred to as a basic pattern. Basic patterns coming into contact with each other in a vertical direction are displaced mutually in a lateral direction. Thus, it is assumed herein that a region located at a leftmost position in a second column from above is connected with a region located at a rightmost position in the second column from above in the lateral direction to form one basic pattern (6×6+1 pixels). It is also assumed herein that a lowermost region is connected with an uppermost region in the vertical direction to form one basic pattern (6×6+1 pixels). The laterally displaced relation of the basic patterns in each of the basic dither pattern (cyan) and the basic dither pattern (magenta) is specular-symmetric with respect to the vertical direction.
In the basic dither pattern, as described above, the M×N (37×37) pixels light up in the order predetermined in accordance with the gradation level. Basically, this order is predetermined such that halftone dots in the basic pattern become bold gradually.
In a case where one pixel is 1200 dpi for image formation, the number of screen lines in the basic dither pattern is about 197 lpi.
With reference to
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Specifically, the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
With reference to
A halftone dot that forms a basic dither pattern has a size of 1×1 pixel in a basic pattern. As shown in
Table 1 lists an area ratio of each color in a case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
In the first specific example of the basic dither pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention, as listed in Table 1, the area ratio of each color on a 37×37-matrix basis has no change in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction. In other words, halftone dots are arranged in the dither matrix such that the halftone dots corresponding to two colors are substantially identical in color area ratio to each other in the dither matrix irrespective of a relative position with respective to the colors.
With reference to
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The laterally displaced relation of the basic patterns in each of the basic dither pattern (cyan) and the basic dither pattern (magenta) is specular-symmetric with respect to the vertical direction. In the basic dither pattern, as described above, the M×N (85×85) pixels light up in an order predetermined in accordance with a gradation level. Basically, this order is predetermined such that halftone dots in the basic pattern become bold gradually.
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A halftone dot that forms a basic dither pattern has a size of 1×1 pixel. As shown in
In the second specific example of the basic dither pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention, as listed in Table 2 below, an area ratio of each color on a 85×85-matrix basis has no change in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
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As described above, each halftone dot forming the basic dither pattern has the size of 2×2 pixels. As shown in
In the third specific example of the basic dither pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention, as listed in Table 3 below, an area ratio of each color on a 37×37-matrix basis has no change in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
With reference to
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Herein, the basic dither pattern has a size of 85×85 pixels. Each halftone dot has a size of 2×2 pixels. Herein, 85 halftone dots are arranged in the basic dither pattern.
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As described above, each halftone dot forming the basic dither pattern has the size of 2×2 pixels. As shown in
In the fourth specific example of the basic dither pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention, as listed in Table 4 below, an area ratio of each color on a 85×85-matrix basis has no change in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
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In a case where one pixel is 1200 dpi for image formation, the number of screen lines in the basic dither pattern is about 200 lpi, which is almost equal to the number of screen lines in the basic dither pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention.
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As described above, each halftone dot forming the basic dither pattern has the size of 1×1 pixel. As shown in
In the fifth specific example of the conventional basic dither pattern, as listed in Table 5 below, an area ratio of each color on a matrix basis varies in the relative positional relation. More specifically, such an area ratio may vary in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
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As described above, each halftone dot forming the basic dither pattern has the size of 2×2 pixels. As shown in
In the sixth specific example of the conventional basic dither pattern, as listed in Table 6 below, an area ratio of each color on a matrix basis varies largely in the relative positional relation. More specifically, such an area ratio may vary in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as one example, all the halftone dots in the basic dither pattern are equal in size to each other. However, the halftone dots are not necessarily equal in size to each other depending on a gradation to be represented.
With reference to
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As described above, the halftone dots each forming the basic dither pattern have the different sizes. As shown in
In the seventh specific example of the basic dither pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention, as listed in Table 7 below, area ratios of respective colors on a 37×37-matrix basis are substantially equal to each other in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction.
With reference to
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As shown in
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As described above, the halftone dots each forming the basic dither pattern have the different sizes. As shown in
In the eighth specific example of the conventional basic dither pattern, as listed in Table 8 below, an area ratio of each color on a matrix basis varies largely in the relative positional relation. More specifically, such an area ratio may vary in the case where the basic dither pattern (magenta) is displaced by one pixel in the lateral direction. That is, color variation may occur due to misregistration of colors.
As listed in Table 8, in the basic dither pattern according to the present invention, slight color variation occurs due to misalignment of resist patterns in the case where the halftone dots in the matrix are different in size from each other. Unlike the conventional basic dither pattern, however, it is obvious that the degree of the color variation is minute.
Unlike the conventional basic dither pattern, the basic dither pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention can suppress the color variation even when misregistration of colors, that is, misalignment of resist patterns occurs.
Accordingly, the present invention allows suppression of a problem that color stability between pages or in a page deteriorates, to realize stable color reproduction. Moreover, the present invention allows maintenance of a stable gradation property by virtue of a sufficiently large matrix size.
In the foregoing embodiment, the color variation due to the misregistration of the colors (cyan and magenta) is suppressed. However, the present invention is not limited to the combination of the colors. According to the present invention, therefore, misregistration of colors other than the foregoing colors can be suppressed. In addition, the number of colors is not limited to two in the present invention. According to the present invention, alternatively, misregistration of a plurality of colors (e.g., not less than three colors) can be suppressed.
A program may be provided that allows a computer to perform the function of controller 601 as described above. Such a program may be recorded on a computer readable recording medium such as flexible disk, CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory) and memory card attached to a computer and be provided as a program product. Alternatively, the program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk installed in a computer may be provided. The program downloaded via a network may be provided.
It is noted that the program in accordance with the present invention may allow processing to be performed by invoking required program modules in a prescribed sequence and at a prescribed timing, among the program modules provided as a part of an operating system (OS) of a computer. In this case, the program itself does not include the aforementioned modules and processing is performed in cooperation with the OS. Such a program that does not include modules may also be included in the program in accordance with the present invention.
Furthermore, the program in accordance with the present invention may be incorporated in a part of another program. Also in this case, the program itself does not include the modules included in another program and the processing is performed in cooperation with another program. Such a program that is incorporated in another program may also be included in the program in accordance with the present invention.
The provided program product is installed in a program storage unit such as a hard disk for execution. It is noted that the program product includes the program itself and the recording medium having the program recorded thereon.
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the scope of the present invention being interpreted by the terms of the appended claims.
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|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-263314 | Oct 2007 | JP | national |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20090091796 A1 | Apr 2009 | US |
