Patent Application
20110063680
The present application claims priority to and incorporates by reference the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-213573 filed in Japan on Sep. 15, 2009 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-200039 filed in Japan on Sep. 7, 2010.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, an image forming method, and a computer program product.
2. Description of the Related Art
In typical image forming apparatuses, a technology is commonly implemented in which a laser diode used as a light source emits laser light and the laser light is deflected by a polygon mirror so that a photosensitive element is main-scanned to be formed with a latent image. Particularly, in recent years, a technology has been known that makes use of a plurality of LDs, a laser diode array (LDS), or a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) for forming a latent image of a plurality of lines in a single scan.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2004-25828 discloses a technology in which, on the basis of a synchronization signal generated when a photoelectric conversion element (PD) detects the scanned laser light, a main-scanning synchronization signal (line data request signal) is generated with the purpose of determining an image data transfer timing to an image processing unit such as an application board that performs image processing, and thereby image data of a plurality of lines required to perform the writing operation in each scan is ontained.
In recent image forming apparatuses such as copying machines or printers in which the developer transferred onto a paper sheet gets fixed thereon by the application of heat, when images are printed on both sides of a paper sheet, the paper size before the application of heat is slightly different than the paper size after the application of heat, then the printed image on the front side and the printed image on the back side fall out of alignment. The reason for that is given below. After applying heat, the paper size undergoes slight shrinking as compared to the paper size before the application of heat. Thus, the printed image formed on the front side before the application of heat also undergoes shrinking. However, on top of that, another printed image is formed on the back side of the shrunken paper sheet thereby causing misalignment in the printed images.
In order to solve such a problem, a conventional technology is known in which magnification adjustment is done in the main-scanning direction as well as in the sub-scanning direction during the image processing performed by an image processing unit such as an application board. Alternatively, a conventional technology is known in which the magnification in the sub-scanning direction is adjusted by changing the rotating speed of the polygon mirror between both sides of a paper sheet and the magnification in the main-scanning direction is adjusted by performing data modulation or clock modulation using a write control unit. Still alternatively, a conventional technology is known in which the magnification in the sub-scanning direction is adjusted by the image processing performed by a write control unit without varying the rotating speed of the polygon mirror and the magnification in the main-scanning direction is adjusted by performing data modulation or clock modulation using the write control unit.
In such conventional technologies, particularly in image forming apparatuses in which images are reduced in size by means of thinning; all the data needs to be transferred sooner than normal from an image processing unit such as an application board. That requirement is met by increasing the number of line data request signals as requests for image data output to the image forming unit during a predetermined time period equivalent to a single scan.
However, due to various factors such as an increase in the print speed, an increase in the number of write lines during a single scan leading to an increase in the number of requests for the obtained image data during a predetermined time period, or a demand for slowing down the transfer rate of the image data obtained during a predetermined period time; the increased line data request signal output to the image forming unit overlaps into the subsequent predetermined time period thereby causing failure in the data transfer. That leads to the deterioration in the image quality.
It is an object of the present invention to at least partially solve the problems in the conventional technology.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided an image forming apparatus including: a light source that emits a light beam; a drive control unit that controls the light source; a light receiving unit that receives the light beam emitted by the light source; an image processing unit that performs image processing on image data based on the light beam received by the light receiving unit; a memory unit that stores image data; a request signal generating unit that generates a predetermined timing signal and transmits, to the image processing unit, a request signal for a specified number of times as requests for line-by-line image data during a predetermined time period that corresponds to a time interval at which the timing signal is generated; and a memory control unit that sequentially saves, in the memory unit, line-by-line image data transmitted by the image processing unit in response to the request signal and reads line-by-line image data saved in the memory unit to transmit the line-by-line image data to the drive control unit. Upon receiving a predetermined increase request, the request signal generating unit shifts a generation timing of the timing signal so that, during the predetermined time period, the request signal can be transmitted for an increased number of times than the specified number of times, and gradually shortens the timing signal by a predetermined shortening time period.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an image forming method executed in an image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes: a light source that emits a light beam; a drive control unit that controls the light source; a light receiving unit that receives the light beam emitted by the light source; an image processing unit that performs image processing on image data based on the light beam received by the light receiving unit; and a memory unit that stores image data. The image forming method includes: request-signal-generating that includes generating a predetermined timing signal and transmitting, to the image processing unit, a request signal for a specified number of times as requests for line-by-line image data during a predetermined time period that corresponds to a time interval at which the timing signal is generated; and memory-controlling that includes sequentially saving, in the memory unit, line-by-line image data transmitted by the image processing unit in response to the request signal, and reading line-by-line image data saved in the memory unit and transmitting the line-by-line image data to the drive control unit. Upon receiving a predetermined increase request, the request-signal-generating includes shifting a generation timing of the timing signal so that, during the predetermined time period, the request signal can be transmitted for an increased number of times than the specified number of times, and gradually shortening the timing signal by a predetermined shortening time period.
According to still another aspect of the present invention there is provided a computer program product including a computer-usable medium having computer-readable program codes. The program codes when executed cause a computer to execute an image forming method using an image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes: a light source that emits a light beam; a drive control unit that controls the light source; a light receiving unit that receives the light beam emitted by the light source; an image processing unit that performs image processing on image data based on the light beam received by the light receiving unit; and a memory unit that stores image data. The image forming method includes: request-signal-generating that includes generating a predetermined timing signal and transmitting, to the image processing unit, a request signal for a specified number of times as requests for line-by-line image data during a predetermined time period that corresponds to a time interval at which the timing signal is generated; and memory-controlling that includes sequentially saving, in the memory unit, line-by-line image data transmitted by the image processing unit in response to the request signal, and reading line-by-line image data saved in the memory unit and transmitting the line-by-line image data to the drive control unit. Upon receiving a predetermined increase request, the request-signal-generating includes shifting a generation timing of the timing signal so that, during the predetermined time period, the request signal can be transmitted for an increased number of times than the specified number of times, and gradually shortening the timing signal by a predetermined shortening time period.
The above and other objects, features, advantages and technical and industrial significance of this invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention, when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Exemplary embodiments of an image forming apparatus, an image forming method, and a computer program product according to the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments.
The VCSEL 200 is a vertical cavity surface emitting laser having a plurality of light sources (semiconductor lasers) arranged in a grid-like pattern on a single chip. Various technologies are known regarding image forming apparatuses including a VCSEL such as the VCSEL 200. In the optical device 102 in the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, the VCSEL 200 is installed with an identical configuration to that in the known technologies.
The columns of the light sources in the semiconductor laser array are referred to by letters a to c, while the rows are referred to by numbers 1 to 4. Moreover, for example, the top-left light source 1001 is referred to as a light source a1 and so on. By arranging the light sources 1001 at shifted positions along the sub-scanning direction, the light source a1 illuminates a different scanning position than a neighboring light source a2 by means of interlaced scanning. Herein, consider a case when those two light sources form a single pixel (one pixel). That is, consider a case when one pixel is formed from two light sources illustrated in
In the present embodiment, light beams L are emitted corresponding to the number of colors of cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). The light beam L is reflected from the reflecting mirror 102b before being recollected by a second cylindrical lens 102c. The recollected light is made to fall on drum-shaped photosensitive elements 104a, 106a, 108a, and 110a.
As described above, the light beams L are irradiated using a plurality of optical components and timing synchronization with respect to the main-scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction are performed. In the following description, the main-scanning direction is set as the scanning direction of the light beam and the sub-scanning direction is set as the direction perpendicular to the main-scanning direction.
The drum-shaped photosensitive elements 104a, 106a, 108a, and 110a each include a conductive drum, made of for example aluminum, and at least a photoconductive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer formed on the conductive drum. The photoconductive layers are arranged for the drum-shaped photosensitive elements 104a, 106a, 108a, and 110a, and are applied with a surface charge by charging units 104b, 106b, 108b, and 110b, respectively, each including a corotron, a scorotron, a charging roller, or the like.
The static charge applied to the drum-shaped photosensitive elements 104a, 106a, 108a, and 110a by the charging units 104b, 106b, 108b, and 110b, respectively, is subjected to image-wise exposure by the light beam L, so that an electrostatic latent image is formed on each of the drums-shaped photosensitive elements 104a, 106a, 108a, and 110a. The latent images are then developed by developing units 104c, 106c, 108c, and 110c, respectively, each including a developing sleeve, a developer supplying roller, and a regulation blade. As a result, a developer image is formed on each of the drum-shaped photosensitive elements 104a, 106a, 108a, and 110a.
The developer images carried on the drum-shaped photosensitive elements 104a, 106a, 108a, and 110a are then transferred onto an intermediate transfer belt 114, which moves in the direction of an arrow A due to the rotation of conveying rollers 114a, 114b, and 114c. While carrying a developer image of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black colors, the intermediate transfer belt 114 is conveyed to a secondary transfer unit that includes a secondary transfer belt 118 and conveying rollers 118a and 118b. The secondary transfer belt 118 moves in the direction of an arrow B due to the rotation of conveying rollers 118a and 118b. To the secondary transfer unit, a image receiving material 124 such as a high-quality paper sheet or a plastic sheet is supplied from a image receiving material container 128 such as a paper cassette due to the rotation of a conveying roller 126.
The secondary transfer unit applies a secondary transfer bias for transferring the multicolor developer image from the intermediate transfer belt 114 onto the image receiving material 124 that is retained on the secondary transfer belt 118 by being sucked. Then, along with the movement of the secondary transfer belt 118, the image receiving material 124 is conveyed to a fixing device 120 that includes a fixing member 130 such as a fixing roller including silicon rubber or fluorine-contained rubber. The fixing member 130 applies pressure and heat to the image receiving material 124 on which the multicolor developer image has been transferred. Subsequently, the image receiving material 124 is output as a printed material 132 to the outside of the image forming apparatus 100. From the intermediate transfer belt 114 from which the multicolor developer image has been transferred, a cleaning unit 116 including a cleaning blade removes the residual developing material so that the intermediate transfer belt 114 becomes ready for the subsequent image forming operation.
Meanwhile, a reflecting mirror 208 is disposed with the purpose of synchronizing the scan start timing of the light beam L in the sub-scanning direction. Before the start of the scanning in the sub-scanning direction, the light beam L is reflected from the reflecting mirror 208 toward a synchronization detecting device 210 that includes a photodiode or the like. Upon detecting the light beam L, the synchronization detecting device 210 generates a synchronization signal (DETP_N) for the purpose of starting the sub-scanning and synchronizes operations such as an operation for generating a drive control signal meant for the VCSEL 200.
The VCSEL 200 is driven by a pulse signal transmitted from a write control unit 310 (described later) and, as described later, forms an electrostatic latent image on the drum-shaped photosensitive element 104a by exposing the positions corresponding to predetermined image bits in image data to the light beam L.
The printer unit 308 includes the write control unit 310 functioning as a control unit for drive-controlling the VCSEL 200, an LD driver 312 for supplying to the semiconductor laser elements an electric current to be used in driving those semiconductor laser elements in response to the drive control signal generated by the write control unit 310, and the VCSEL 200 in which the semiconductor laser elements are two-dimensionally arranged. With respect to the image data sent by the scanner unit 302, the write control unit 310 according to the embodiment performs high resolution processing by dividing the pixel data so as to conform with the spatial sizes of the semiconductor laser elements that emit light from the VCSEL 200 is obtained.
The scanner unit 302 and the printer unit 308 are connected to the main control unit 330 via a system bus 316. Herein, the image reading operation and the image forming operation are controlled according to the instructions issued by the main control unit 330. The main control unit 330 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 320 and a random access memory (RAM) 322 that provides a work space for the CPU 320 to carry out the processing. Any known CPU may be used as the CPU 320 and the CPU 320 can have different processing architectures, such as the complex instruction set computing (CISC) architecture, such as a PENTIUM (registered trademark) processor or a processor compatible thereto, or the reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture, such as MIPS. Upon receiving a user instruction via an interface 328, the CPU 320 calls program modules for executing the operation corresponding to the user instruction and ensures that operations such as copying, facsimileing, scanning, and image storing are performed. Meanwhile, the main control unit 330 includes a read only memory (ROM) 324 for storing the initial setting data of the CPU 320, storing the control data, and storing computer programs in a usable manner for the CPU 320. An image storage 326 is configured as a fixed-type or an attachable-detachable-type memory device such as a hard disk drive (HDD), a secure digital (SD) card, or a universal serial bus (USB) memory. In the image storage 326, the image data obtained by the image forming apparatus 100 is stored in a usable manner at the time of performing various user operations.
Regarding the image data obtained by the scanner unit 302, in the case of driving the printer unit 308 and forming an electrostatic latent image on the drum-shaped photosensitive element 104a, the CPU 320 performs the main-scanning direction control and the sub-scanning position control for the image receiving material such as a high-quality paper sheet or a plastic sheet. At the time of starting the scanning in the sub-scanning direction, the CPU 320 outputs a start signal to the write control unit 310. Once the write control unit 310 receives the start signal, the IPU 306 starts the scanning operation. Subsequently, the write control unit 310 receives the image data stored in a buffer memory or the like, processes the received image data, and outputs the processed image data to the LD driver 312. Upon receiving the processed image data, the LD driver 312 generates a drive control signal meant for the VCSEL 200 and outputs that drive control signal to the VCSEL 200 so that the VCSEL 200 emits light. Besides, the LD driver 312 drives the semiconductor laser elements using the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control. In the present embodiment, although it is assumed that eight channels of the semiconductor laser elements are present, the number of channels is not limited to eight.
An output data control unit 344 performs operations on the basis of the synchronization signal (DETP_N) generated when the synchronization detecting device 210 detects the light beam emitted by the VCSEL 200. More particularly, with a write start signal (not illustrated) as the trigger, the output data control unit 344 outputs a line data request signal (MLSYNC_N) for requesting the image processing unit 342 to transfer raster data. Besides, the output data control unit 344 transmits to the LD driver 312 the drive control signal and the write image data meant for the VCSEL 200.
The buffer RAM 603 is used to store the raster data.
The line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates, on the basis of the synchronization signal, a toggle signal that is a timing signal corresponding to a predetermined time period and a write valid-area signal indicating the valid write area, and transmits the toggle signal and write valid-area signal to the buffer RAM control unit 602. Besides that, on the basis of the toggle signal, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates a line data request signal (MLSYNC_N) and transmits it to the IPU 306. Herein, the interval at which the toggle signal (TOGGLE) is regenerated corresponds to the predetermined time period.
In response to the received line data request signal (MLSYNC_N), the IPU 306 outputs to the output data control unit 344 the line-by-line raster data and a valid area signal indicating that the raster data is valid.
From the IPU 306, the buffer RAM control unit 602 receives the valid area signal and the raster data that corresponds to the valid area and that is transferred on a line-by-line basis. The buffer RAM control unit 602 sequentially stores the raster data on a line-by-line basis in the buffer RAM 603. Besides, during the time period between two adjacent asserts of the toggle signal, the buffer RAM control unit 602 reads the stored data from the buffer RAM 603, which is not targeted for writing, according to the write valid-area signal and then transmits the read data as write image data to the magnification-variation processing control unit 604.
Subsequently, the magnification-variation processing control unit 604 receives input of main and sub counter values from the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601, performs image processing of varying the magnification of the write image data supplied from the buffer RAM control unit 602, and outputs the write image data, of which magnification is varied, to the LD driver 312. Moreover, before the write image data supplied from the buffer RAM 603 runs short, the magnification-variation processing control unit 604 transmits a line-data-increase request signal to the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 depending on the magnification ratio settings for magnification variation.
Given below is the more specific explanation with reference to a timing chart.
The example illustrated in
As illustrated in
Then, during the time period until the raster data (IPDATA) of the 11-th time is stored in the buffer RAM 603 (i.e., until the valid area signal (IPLGATE) of the 11-th time is negated), the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 delays the subsequent toggle signal (TOGGLE) by a time period β (time period γ) without performing assertion (see reference numeral 702).
In this way, by shortening the subsequent predetermined time period and beyond, the assertion position of the toggle signal gradually returns to the normal assertion position.
The buffer RAM control unit 602 stores the raster data (IPDATA), which is sequentially input on a line-by-line basis, in line memories (LMEM00 to LMEM21) in the buffer RAM 603 in a sequential manner at the timings of the IPLGATE signal. Besides, during the assertion period of the write valid-area signal (MLGATE) and during the time period in which the toggle signal (TOGGLE) gets asserted, the buffer RAM control unit 602 reads the raster data from those line memories in the buffer RAM 603 that are not targeted for writing and transmits the read data as write image data to the magnification-variation processing control unit 604.
The abovementioned operation is described below in detail.
Herein, in a predetermined time period T, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the line data request signal (MLSYNC_N) for N number of times as the specified number of times and, upon receiving input of the line-data-increase request signal (ADJMEM), generates the data request signal (MLSYNC_N) for N+1 number of times.
As illustrated in
In that case, by sequentially storing the raster data equivalent to N+1 number of lines within the time period W in the buffer RAM 603 and by reading the raster data from the buffer RAM 603 that is not targeted for writing during the time period W, the buffer RAM control unit 602 separates the write control and the read control performed while accessing the buffer RAM 603.
The line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the toggle signal (TOGGLE) in such a way that each time period T subsequent to the time period W gradually goes on shortening by the time period β in order to return to the length of the predetermined time period T (see reference numerals 702 and 703).
Herein, assume that a time period L represents the time period (second time period) from the start of the time period T up to the generation of the line data request signal (MLSYNC_N) for N number of times, assume that a time period X represents the time period (first time period) from the start of the time period T up to the generation of the line data request signal (MLSYNC_N) for N+1 number of times, and assume that a cycle K (K being an integer equal to or larger than 1) represents a number of scans between subsequent generations of the line data request signal for the N+1 number of times. Under such assumptions, the shortening time period β as the amount of gradual shortening can be expressed as given below in Equation (1).
β=(X−L)/(K−1) (1)
where, W−T=X−L.
Thus, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 gradually shortens the toggle signal (TOGGLE) by a time period β calculated by first obtaining the difference between the first time period X, from the start of the time period T up to the generation of the request signal for N+1 number of times that is one time more than the specified N number of times, and the second time period L, from the start of the time period T up to the generation of the request signal for the specified N number of times, and then dividing that difference by the value obtained by subtracting one from the cycle K, which represents the number of scans between subsequent generations of the request signal for the subsequent N+1 number of times.
Meanwhile, if the time periods W during the cycle K are referred to as time periods W(n), then each time period W(n) can be expressed as given below in Equations (2-1) and (2-2).
W(1)=T+α (2-1)
W(n)=T−β (2-2)
where, α=X−L, n=2, 3, , K.
Thus, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the toggle signal (TOGGLE) in such a way that the time period W(1) during the cycle K is equal to the time period obtained by adding the difference between the first time period X and the second time period L to the time period T. Moreover, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the toggle signal (TOGGLE) in such a way that the time period W(n) (n=2, 3, , K) during the cycle K is equal to the time period obtained by subtracting the shortening time period β from the time period T.
A sum total of the predetermined time periods T during the cycle K satisfies below Equation (3).
K*T=ΣW(n)+W(1) (3)
where, n=2, 3, , K.
Thus, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the toggle signal (TOGGLE) in such a way that the sum total of the predetermined time periods T during the cycle K is equal to the summation of each time period W(n) and the time period W(1) during the cycle K.
In the buffer RAM 603, the buffer RAM control unit 602 sequentially stores the line-by-line raster data equivalent to N number of lines according to the line data request signals (MLSYNC_N). Upon generation of the line-data-increase request signal (ADJMEM), if the period until the buffer RAM control unit 602 stores the raster data input at the generation timing of the N+1-th line data request signal (MLSYNC_N) in the buffer RAM 603 falls beyond the time period T as illustrated in
Thus, by sequentially storing the raster data equivalent to N+1 number of lines within the time period S in the buffer RAM 603 and by reading the raster data from the buffer RAM 603 that is not targeted for writing during the time period S, the buffer RAM control unit 602 separates the write control and the read control in access of the buffer RAM 603. The line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the toggle signal (TOGGLE) in such a way that each time period T subsequent to the time period S gradually goes on shortening by a time period δ to return to the length of the predetermined time period T.
Assume that a time period D represents the time period from the start of the time period T up to the end of storing the N-th raster data in the buffer RAM 603 and assume that a time period P represents the time period from the start of the time period T up to the end of storing the N+1-th raster data in the buffer RAM 603. Under such assumptions, the time period δ can be expressed as given below in Equation (4) by making use of the cycle K (K being an integer equal to or larger than 1), which represents the number of scans between subsequent generations of the line data request signal for the N+1 number of times.
δ=(P−D)/(K−1) (4)
where, S−T=P−D.
Meanwhile, if the time periods S during the cycle K are referred to as time periods S(n), then each time period S(n) can be expressed as given below in Equations (5-1) and (5-2).
S(1)=T+γ (5-1)
S(n)=T−δ (5-2)
where, γ=P−D, n=2, 3, , K.
Moreover, the sum total of the predetermined time periods T during the cycle K satisfies below Equation (6).
K*T=ΣS(n)+S(1) (6)
where, n=2, 3, , K.
Thus, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the toggle signal (TOGGLE) at the timings satisfying Equations (1) to (6).
Herein, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601 generates the toggle signal in such a way that the time period D, which represents the time period from the start of the time period T up to the end of storing the N-th raster data in the buffer RAM 603, becomes equal to the first time period X and in such a way that the time period P, which represents the time period from the start of the time period T up to the end of storing the N+1-th raster data in the buffer RAM 603, becomes equal to the second time period L. Hence, Equations (4) to (6) as well as Equations (1) to (3) get equivalently satisfied.
Consider a conventional image forming apparatus in which, as illustrated in
In contrast, in the present embodiment, the toggle signal is generated so that the number of line data request signals during the predetermined time period can be increased and the timing of regenerating the toggle signal is gradually shortened so as to return to the timing to the original timing as illustrated in
In the present embodiment, the explanation is given with reference to the VCSEL 200 as the light source for emitting light beams. However, the embodiment is not limited to that case and it is possible to use any kind of light source that can emit a plurality of light beams.
Meanwhile, an image forming program executed in the image forming apparatus (including a multifunction peripheral (MFP)) according to the present embodiment is stored in advance in a ROM or the like for distribution.
Alternatively, the image forming program executed in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment can be provided in the form of an installable file or an executable file on a computer-readable storage device such as a compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), a flexible disk (FD), a compact disk recordable (CD-R), or a digital versatile disk (DVD).
Still alternatively, the image forming program executed in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment can be saved on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet and can be downloaded therefrom via the network. Still alternatively, the image forming program executed in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment can be made available for distribution through a network such as the Internet.
The image forming program executed in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment contains modules for the abovementioned constituent units (the image processing unit 342, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601, the buffer RAM control unit 602, and the magnification-variation processing control unit 604). In practice, a CPU (processor), which is an actual hardware, retrieves the image forming program from the ROM and executes the same so that the abovementioned constituent units (the image processing unit 342, the line-data-request-signal generating unit 601, the buffer RAM control unit 602, and the magnification-variation processing control unit 604) are loaded in the main memory device and put into practice in the main memory device.
According to an aspect of the present invention, even if the increased line data request signal output from a write control unit overlaps into the subsequent predetermined time period, the data transfer encounters no failure and it becomes possible to obtain high-quality images because of a highly accurate alignment of the image forming positions on both sides.
Although the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments for a complete and clear disclosure, the appended claims are not to be thus limited but are to be construed as embodying all modifications and alternative constructions that may occur to one skilled in the art that fairly fall within the basic teaching herein set forth.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-213573 | Sep 2009 | JP | national |
| 2010-200039 | Sep 2010 | JP | national |
