Patent Application
20230408947
This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-097213 filed on Jun. 16, 2022, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present disclosure relates to an electro-photographic image forming apparatus, such as a copier, a printer, a facsimile machine, and a multifunction peripheral having functions of these apparatuses, and in particular relates to an intermediate transfer-type image forming apparatus in which a toner image is primarily transferred onto an intermediate transfer body and is then secondarily transferred onto a recording medium.
In an image forming apparatus employing an electro-photographic method, an electrostatic latent image formed on an image carrier such as a photosensitive body or the like is developed by a developing device to be visualized as a toner image. As such image forming apparatuses, intermediate transfer-type image forming apparatuses are widely used in which a toner image is primarily transferred from a photosensitive body onto an intermediate transfer body such as an intermediate transfer belt and is then secondarily transferred onto a recording medium such as a paper sheet.
In an intermediate transfer-type image forming apparatus, immediately following a secondary transfer nip portion at which a toner image on an intermediate transfer belt is secondarily transferred onto a paper sheet, there is disposed a separator to which is applied a direct current voltage/an alternate current voltage for separating the paper sheet or a charge eliminating device that is connected (earthed) to a ground.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image forming portions, an intermediate transfer belt, a primary transfer member, a secondary transfer roller, a counter roller, and a charge eliminating device. The image forming portions each include an image carrier having a photosensitive layer formed on a surface thereof, a charging device that charges the surface of the image carrier to a predetermined surface potential, an exposure device that irradiates the image carrier having been charged by the charging device with light and thereby forms an electrostatic latent image with attenuated charge, and a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image having been formed on the surface of the image carrier into a toner image. The intermediate transfer belt is endless and disposed adjacent to the image forming portions, and the toner image having been formed on the surface of the image carrier is primarily transferred onto an outer circumferential surface of the intermediate transfer belt. The primary transfer member primarily transfers the toner image having been formed on the surface of the image carrier onto the intermediate transfer belt. The secondary transfer roller, at a secondary transfer nip portion formed between the secondary transfer roller and the intermediate transfer belt, secondarily transfers, onto a recording medium, the toner image having been primarily transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt. The counter roller is pressed against the secondary transfer roller via an intermediate transfer belt to thereby form the secondary transfer nip portion. The charge eliminating device eliminates residual charge on the recording medium having passed through the secondary transfer nip portion. The charge eliminating device includes a charge eliminating needle and a charge eliminating needle protection cover. The charge eliminating needle includes multiple charge eliminating needles that are arranged at constant intervals over an entire region in a width direction orthogonal to a conveyance direction of the recording medium, with end parts of the charge eliminating needles pointing to a downstream side in the conveyance direction of the recording medium, and the charge eliminating needle is connected to a ground. The charge eliminating needle protection cover has a guide surface that is opposed to the recording medium having passed through the secondary transfer nip portion, and charge eliminating needle protection cover maintains a constant interval between the recording medium and the charge eliminating needle. The guide surface is formed of a conductive material having a resistance value of 106Ω or lower, and is in a floating state.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the image forming portions Pa to Pd, there are arranged photosensitive drums (image carriers) 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d that carry visible images (toner images) of the four different colors. Further, an intermediate transfer belt (an intermediate transfer body) 8 that is driven by a belt driving motor (not shown) to rotate counterclockwise in
The transfer paper sheet P onto which the toner images are to be secondarily transferred is stored in a sheet cassette 16 disposed in a lower part of the main body of the image forming apparatus 100, and is conveyed, via a sheet feeding roller 12 and a pair of registration rollers 13, along a sheet conveyance path 19, to a nip portion formed between the secondary transfer roller 9 and a driving roller 11 of the intermediate transfer belt 8. Used as the intermediate transfer belt 8 is a dielectric resin sheet, typically a (seamless) belt with no seam.
Further, on a downstream side of the secondary transfer roller 9, there is disposed a blade-shaped belt cleaner 25 for removing toner and the like left on a surface of the intermediate transfer belt 8.
Next, the image forming portions Pa to Pd will be described. Around and below the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d, which are arranged rotatably, there are provided charging devices 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d that charge the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d, an exposure device 5 that exposes the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d to light conveying image information, developing devices 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d that form toner images on the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d, and cleaning devices 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d that remove developer (toner) and the like left on the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d.
Upon image data being inputted from a host device such as a personal computer, first, charging devices 2a to 2d uniformly charge surfaces of the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d. Then, the exposure device 5 irradiates the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d with light corresponding to the image data, so that electrostatic latent images are formed on the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d corresponding to the image data. The developing devices 3a to 3d are each filled with a predetermined amount of two-component developer including a yellow, cyan, magenta, or black toner. In a case where, due to toner image formation, which will be described later, a proportion of toner in the two-component developer filled in each of the developing devices 3a to 3d has fallen below a prescribed value, the developing devices 3a to 3d are each supplied with fresh toner from corresponding one of toner containers 4a to 4d. The toner included in the developer is supplied by each of the developing devices 3a to 3d onto a corresponding one of the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d to electrostatically adhere thereto, and thereby a toner image is formed corresponding to the electrostatic latent image having been formed by exposure to light from the exposure device 5.
Then, an electric field with a predetermined transfer voltage is applied across primary transfer rollers 6a to 6d and the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d by the primary transfer rollers 6a to 6d, and yellow, cyan, magenta, and black toner images formed on the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d are primarily transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 8. These images are formed with a predetermined positional relationship among them determined in advance. Thereafter, in preparation for subsequent formation of new electrostatic latent images, residual toner and the like left on the surfaces of the photosensitive drums 1a to 1d after the primary transfer are removed by the cleaning devices 7a to 7d.
The intermediate transfer belt 8 is stretched around a driven roller 10, which is located on an upstream side, and a driving roller 11, which is located on a downstream side. When, along with rotation of the driving roller 11 driven by the belt driving motor (not shown), the intermediate transfer belt 8 starts to rotate counterclockwise, a transfer paper sheet P is conveyed, with predetermined timing, from the pair of registration rollers 13 to a secondary transfer nip portion N (see
The transfer paper sheet P onto which the toner images have been secondarily transferred is conveyed to a fixing portion 14. The fixing portion 14 includes a fixing belt 14a and a pressure roller 14b (for all of which, see
The transfer paper sheet P conveyed to the fixing portion 14 is heated and pressurized by the fixing belt 14a and the pressure roller 14b, so that the toner images are fixed on a surface of the transfer paper sheet P, and thereby a predetermined full color image is formed. The transfer paper sheet P having the full-color image formed thereon has its conveyance direction switched by a branch portion 15 branching into a plurality of directions, so that the transfer paper sheet P is discharged as it is (or after being sent into a double-sided conveyance path 20 and subjected to double-sided printing) onto a discharge tray 18 by a pair of discharge rollers 17.
At a side edge of the side cover 21, a hook 22 is provided. The hook 22 engages with an engagement pin (not shown) provided on a front frame and a rear frame of the main body of the image forming apparatus 100 to thereby hold the side cover 21 in a closed state. An inner surface of the side cover 21 constitutes one of conveyance surfaces of the double-sided conveyance path 20.
Inside the side cover 21, a conveyance unit 23 is disposed. The conveyance unit 23 is supported in the main body of the image forming apparatus 100 to be rotatable about a unit support shaft 23a, and constitutes part of conveyance surfaces of the double-sided conveyance path 20 and the sheet conveyance path 19. The double-sided conveyance path 20 extends in an up-down direction along the side face 102 of the image forming apparatus 100 between the inner surface of the side cover 21 and an outer side face of the conveyance unit 23, and is curved into a substantially C-shape to join the sheet conveyance path 19. On an inner side face of the conveyance unit 23, in order from an upstream side (a lower side in
By rotating the side cover 21 alone in an opening direction with respect to the image forming apparatus 100, the double-sided conveyance path 20 is widely exposed. Further, by rotating the side cover 21 in the opening direction along with the conveyance unit 23, the conveyance unit 23 is separated from an image forming apparatus 100 main-body side, so that the sheet conveyance path 19 is widely exposed. On the other hand, by rotating the side cover 21 in a closing direction along with the conveyance unit 23, the conveyance unit 23 is brought into contact with the image forming apparatus 100 main-body side, so that the secondary transfer roller 9 is pressed against the driving roller 11 via the intermediate transfer belt 8.
In the conveyance unit 23, a conveyance guide 30 is disposed. The conveyance guide 30, in the sheet conveyance path 19 on a downstream side of the secondary transfer roller 9, guides the transfer paper sheet P having passed through the secondary transfer nip portion N, and directs the transfer paper sheet P to the fixing portion 14. On the conveyance guide 30, a charge eliminating device 31 is disposed.
The charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 is made of resin and disposed between the transfer paper sheet P having passed through the secondary transfer nip portion N and the charge eliminating needle 33, and thereby maintains a constant interval between the transfer paper sheet P and the charge eliminating needle 33. A guide surface (a conveyance surface) 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34, the guide surface 34a being opposed to the transfer paper sheet P, constitutes part of the sheet conveyance path 19, and has a function as a conveyance guide for the transfer paper sheet P passing through the sheet conveyance path 19. The charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 is not connected to a main body frame (not shown) of the image forming apparatus 100, and is not in a grounded (GND) state but is in a floating state. Examples of a material of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 are an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin and a polycarbonate (PC) resin.
At an end part of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 on a side of the secondary transfer nip portion N, an inclined surface 34b is formed. Assuming that a tangent line L of the secondary transfer roller 9 and the driving roller 11 is drawn to pass through the secondary transfer nip portion N, the inclined surface 34b is inclined in a direction approaching the tangent line L toward a downstream side in the conveyance direction (an upper-right direction in
The charge eliminating needle 33 is disposed on a side of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 opposite to the guide surface 34a, with an end part (a needle tip) 33a thereof pointing to the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the transfer paper sheet P. With this configuration, the end part 33a of the charge eliminating needle 33 does not contact the transfer paper sheet P having passed through the secondary transfer nip portion N.
Separation performance of separating a transfer paper sheet P from the intermediate transfer belt 8 varies depending on a diameter of the driving roller 11 of the intermediate transfer belt 8, the driving roller 11 being opposed to the secondary transfer roller 9, and hardness of the secondary transfer roller 9. A relationship of the diameter of the driving roller 11 and the Asker-C hardness of the secondary transfer roller 9 to the separation performance is shown in Table 1. The separation performance was measured by using a laser displacement meter to measure a discharge angle at which a transfer paper sheet P is discharged from the secondary transfer nip portion N. In Table 1, “Poor” indicates a case where the discharge angle was inclined by 8° or more toward the intermediate transfer belt 8 from an ideal discharge angle (the tangent line-L direction), while “Good” indicates a case where the discharge angle was inclined by less than 8° toward the intermediate transfer belt 8, or the discharge angle was inclined toward the secondary transfer roller 9, from the ideal discharge angle.
As shown in Table 1, to keep a good separation performance of separating a transfer paper sheet P from the intermediate transfer belt 8, the diameter of the driving roller 11 needs to be equal to or smaller than 16 mm, and the Asker-C hardness of the secondary transfer roller 9 needs to be equal to or higher than 30°.
Further, depending on the diameter of the driving roller 11 and the Asker-C hardness of the secondary transfer roller 9, occurrence of electrostatic scattering and electrostatic offset also varies. A relationship of the diameter of the driving roller 11 and the Asker-C hardness of the secondary transfer roller 9 to electrostatic scattering and electrostatic offset is shown in Table 2. Halftone images were checked by visual observation for occurrence of electrostatic scattering and electrostatic offset. In Table 2, “Poor” indicates a case where electrostatic scattering or electrostatic offset or both occurred, and “Good” indicates a case where neither occurred.
As shown in Table 2, electrostatic scattering or electrostatic offset or both were observed in images printed when the diameter of the driving roller 11 was 16 mm or smaller and the Asker-C hardness of the secondary transfer roller 9 was 30° or higher.
Next, charging of the whole of each transfer paper sheet P was measured under conditions under which image failure had occurred and under conditions under which no image failure had occurred. As a result, it was found that the whole of each transfer paper sheet P had been charged to +3 kV or higher under the conditions under which image failure had occurred, while the whole of each transfer paper sheet P had been charged to +2 kV or lower, or had been negatively (−) charged, under the conditions under which no image failure had occurred. From this, it can be assumed that, due to positive (+) charge polarity of toner, if a transfer paper sheet P is strongly positively (+) charged on the whole, its force to hold the toner having the same polarity (+) is reduced, and this causes toner scattering or electrostatic offset.
From the above results, it can be understood that in order to maintain good performance of separating a transfer paper sheet P from the intermediate transfer belt 8 while simultaneously suppressing occurrence of image failure, it is necessary to appropriately eliminate charge from the transfer paper sheet P. However, with a conventional configuration in which the charge eliminating needle 33 is disposed such that the end part 33a thereof is substantially perpendicular to the transfer paper sheet P, charge elimination is executed with such a high efficiency that charge may be eliminated unevenly to cause uneven image density.
To deal with this, in the present embodiment, as shown in
Further, in the present embodiment, the guide surface 34a (a surface layer material) of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 is formed of a conductive material and kept in an ungrounded state (a floating state). It can be thought that the charge eliminating device 31 of the present embodiment eliminates charge on a transfer paper sheet P by the following charge elimination mechanism.
After passing through the secondary transfer nip portion N, a transfer paper sheet P first comes into contact with the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34, which is not grounded. At this time, the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 absorbs charge from the transfer paper sheet P like a capacitor to lower the charge potential of the transfer paper sheet P from high potential to medium potential. Next, the transfer paper sheet P approaches the charge eliminating needle 33, which is grounded, and thereby the charge potential of the transfer paper sheet P is further lowered from middle potential level to low potential level (close to zero). Charge accumulated in the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 is discharged from the nearby charge eliminating needle 33, and thus the amount of charge accumulated in the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 does not exceed a predetermined amount. This enables continuous absorption (elimination) of charge from transfer paper sheets P.
That is, by lowering the charge on the transfer paper sheet P in a stepwise manner, it is possible, while suppressing occurrence of image streaks due to a sharp reduction of the charge potential of the transfer paper sheet P, to enhance the efficiency of eliminating charge from the transfer paper sheet P to thereby suppress occurrence of electrostatic scattering. As will be shown in test examples described later, it is preferable that the resistance value of the guide surface 34a be equal to or lower than 106Ω.
Strength of charge elimination effect (an amount of charge eliminated) by the charge eliminating device 31 can be adjusted by a projection amount d (see
As shown in
Thereby, it is possible to reduce conveyance load for the transfer paper sheet P, and thus to suppress occurrence of problems, such as a jam of the transfer paper sheet P and a wrinkle formed in the transfer paper sheet P, which are attributable to increased conveyance load resulting from the transfer paper sheet P coming into surface contact with the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34. Materials of the guide surface 34a, which has conductivity, of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34, and their coefficients of friction are listed in Table 3. The coefficients of friction were measured by sliding a transfer paper sheet (C2 paper, a product of Xerox Corporation) under a load of 5 N and at a speed of 20 mm/s.
Table 4 shows a relationship between the potential of a transfer paper sheet after charge elimination and image failure, observed by changing the direction and the projection amount d of the end part 33a of the charge eliminating needle 33, and the material, the grounding state, and the resistance value of the guide surface 34a (surface layer) of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 in the charge eliminating device 31.
In Table 4, the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 is, as shown in
Note that, in a conventional configuration in which, as in the test example 7 listed in Table 4, the charge eliminating needle 33 is disposed with its end part 33a pointing to the secondary transfer nip portion N, as shown in
As shown in Table 4, in the test example 1 in which the charge eliminating needle 33 was disposed with its end part 33a pointing to the downstream side in the conveyance direction and the sheet member 35 attached to the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 was made of insulating UPE, and in the test example 2 in which the sheet member 35 attached to the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 was made of conductive UPE (having a resistance value of 109 to 1011Ω) and the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 was in a floating state, when the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 was 0 mm, an appropriate amount of charge was eliminated and no image failure occurred. However, when the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 was −1 mm, due to insufficient amount of charge eliminated, electrostatic scattering occurred to cause a spotted image as shown in
In contrast, in each of the test examples 3 to 5 in which the charge eliminating needle 33 was disposed with its end part 33a pointing to the downstream side in the conveyance direction, the sheet member 35 attached to the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 was made of conductive UPE (having a resistance value of 105 to 106Ω), conductive PTFE (having a resistance value of 104 to 105Ω), and a conductive PC (having a resistance value of 103 to 104Ω), respectively, and the charge eliminating protection cover 34 was in a floating state, an appropriate amount of charge was eliminated regardless of the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33, and no image failure occurred. Further, it can be assumed that, in a case where the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 has a resistance value that is lower than 103Ω as well, if the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 is in a floating state, as in the test examples 3 to 5, no image failure will occur.
However, in the test example 6 in which the sheet member 35 attached to the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 was made of conductive PC (having a resistance value of 103 to 104Ω) and the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 was connected to a ground, when the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 was 0 mm, image streaks occurred due to excessive amount of charge eliminated. Further, in the test example 7 in which the charge eliminating needle 33 was disposed with its end part 33a pointing to the secondary transfer nip portion N, although the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 was −1 mm, image streaks occurred due to excessive amount of charge eliminated.
Note that, when the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 was 1 mm in the test examples 3 to 5, despite the fact that the potentials of the transfer paper sheets after charge elimination were rather low, specifically 0.9 to 1.2 kV, there occurred no such image streaks due to excessive charge elimination as were observed in the test examples 1, 2, 6, and 7. This can be explained as follows: although the transfer paper sheets had similar potentials after charge elimination in all the test examples when the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 was 1 mm, in each of the test examples 3 to 5, the transfer paper sheet came into contact with the conductive charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 to thereby have charge thereof eliminated from high potential to medium potential, to thereafter have charge thereof eliminated by the charge eliminating needle 33 into low potential in a stepwise manner, and this prevented occurrence of image streaks due to excessive charge elimination.
From the above results, by disposing the charge eliminating needle 33 with its end part 33a pointing to the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the transfer paper sheet P, attaching the sheet member 35 that is conductive (having a resistance value of 106Ω or lower) to the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34, and keeping the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 in a floating state, it is possible to give a sufficient margin to the projection amount d of the charge eliminating needle 33 of the charge eliminating device 31. Accordingly, regardless of dimensional tolerance of the charge eliminating needle 33 or the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34, etc., it is possible to stably perform stepwise elimination of charge from a transfer paper sheet P, and thus to effectively suppress occurrence of image failure.
The charge eliminating needle 33 does not have to be disposed in perfect parallel with an ideal discharge angle (a direction of the tangent line L) of a transfer paper sheet P, and may be inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the ideal discharge angle, as shown in
As shown in Table 5, when the inclination angle of the end part 33a was from −15° to +30°, appropriate charge elimination was performed on the transfer paper sheets P, and no image failure occurred. In contrast, when the inclination angle was smaller than −15° (larger in the − direction), the charge elimination effect was excessive, and image streaks as shown in
From results shown in Table 5, in a case where the charge eliminating needle 33 is disposed along a direction in which the end part 33a of the charge eliminating needle 33 separates from the tangent line L (see
It should be understood that the embodiment described above is in no way meant to limit the present disclosure, which thus allows for many modifications and variations within the spirit of the present disclosure. For example, although, in the above embodiment, the guide surface 34a of the charge eliminating needle protection cover 34 has attached thereto a conductive sheet member 35, another configuration is also adoptable in which no sheet member 35 is attached to the guide surface 34a. In that case, the charge eliminating protection cover 34 may be formed of a material having a resistance value of 106Ω or lower.
Further, in the embodiment described above, the driving roller 11, which drives the intermediate transfer belt 8, is disposed as a counter roller to be opposed to the secondary transfer roller 9, and the driving roller 11 is pressed against the secondary transfer roller 9 via the intermediate transfer belt 8 to thereby form the secondary transfer nip portion N, but the counter roller to be opposed to the secondary transfer roller 9 may be a roller other than the driving roller 11.
In the above embodiment, a color printer as shown in
The present disclosure is usable in image forming apparatuses that employ an intermediate transfer method. By using the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an image forming apparatus capable of eliminating a suitable amount of charge from a recording medium after secondary transfer of a toner image onto it.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-097213 | Jun 2022 | JP | national |
