Patent Grant
8639137
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus in which a toner image is carried on an intermediary transfer member having an elastic layer and then is transferred onto a recording material. Specifically, the present invention relates to control for suppressing expansion and contraction of an image length with respect to a conveyance direction of an output image when pressure during transfer is changed to enhance a transfer efficiency.
The image forming apparatus in which the toner image is carried on the intermediary transfer member having the elastic layer and then is transferred onto the recording material has been widely used. The intermediary transfer member having the elastic layer is deformed in a thickness direction by pressure application to cancel unevenness of the recording material surface and therefore the intermediary transfer member can transfer the toner image with a high transfer efficiency even with respect to the recording material having a large surface roughness.
However, in recent years, a single image forming apparatus is required to meet recording materials of a wide variety of types from the recording material with a small surface roughness such as a glossy resin sheet to the recording material with a large surface roughness such as thick paper and cloth. In this case, with respect to the recording material having the large surface roughness, a degree of contactness (adhesion) is increased with an increase of pressure at a transfer portion to enhance the transfer efficiency but when the toner image is transferred onto the recording material having the small surface roughness at such high pressure, the transfer efficiency is considerably lowered (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application (JP-A) 2003-131494).
This is because, with respect to the recording material having the small surface roughness, there is no space into which the pressure applied to the toner image can escape and therefore the toner image tends to adhere to a surface of an intermediary transfer belt and thus the toner image cannot be transferred onto the recording material by an electrical force applied to the transfer portion.
In JP-A 2003-131494, in view of such a problem, an image forming apparatus in which the pressure at a secondary transfer portion of the intermediary transfer belt having the elastic layer is variably changed is described. A cam mechanism is provided at a supporting portion of a rotation shaft of a secondary transfer, so that pressure depending on an angle of rotation of a cam is settable. The pressure at the secondary transfer portion is increased for thick paper but is lowered for coated paper or resin sheet.
However, when the pressure at the secondary transfer portion of the intermediary transfer belt having the elastic layer is changed, it was turned out that a length of the image with respect to a conveyance direction of the intermediary transfer belt is changed. When the pressure is increased, the image length tend to elongate, so that a trailing end of the image on the recording material is cut or a margin of the trailing end is narrowed and thus a quality of an output image is lowered.
A principal object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of enhancing reproducibility of a length of an image on a recording material with respect to a conveyance direction.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus comprising: an intermediary transfer member having an elastic layer; toner image forming means for forming a toner image for an image to be carried on the intermediary transfer member; a transfer member, which presses the intermediary transfer member, for transferring the toner image for the image from the intermediary transfer member onto a recording material; a pressing mechanism capable of changing pressure applied from the transfer member to the intermediary transfer member; and control means for controlling the toner image forming means so that a length of the toner image for the image on the intermediary transfer member with respect to a rotational direction of the intermediary transfer member is decreased with an increase of the pressure.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Parts (a) and (b) of
Parts (a) and (b) of
Parts (a) and (b) of
Parts (a) and (b) of
Parts (a) and (b) of
Parts (a) to (c) of
Parts (a) to (c) of
Hereinbelow, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention can be carried out also in other embodiments in which a part or all of constitutions of the respective embodiments are replaced by their alternative constitutions so long as a length of a toner image carried on an intermediary transfer member with respect to a conveyance direction is shortened with an increase of pressure at a secondary transfer portion.
Therefore, the present invention can be carried out irrespective of constitution of an image forming portion in the case of an image forming apparatus in which an intermediary transfer member including an elastic layer is provided. The present invention can be carried out irrespective of types of monochromatic/full color, one-component developer/two-component developer, tandem/one-drum, and irrespective of methods of charging, exposure and fixing.
In the following embodiments, only a principal portion concerning formation/transfer of the toner image will be described but the present invention can be carried out in image forming apparatuses for various uses including printers, various printing machines, copying machines, facsimile machines, multi-function machines, and so on by adding necessary equipment, options, or casing structures.
<Image Forming Apparatus>
As shown in
In the image forming portion Pa, a yellow toner image is formed on a photosensitive drum 1a and then is primary-transferred onto the intermediary transfer belt 51. In the image forming portion Pb, a magenta toner image is formed on a photosensitive drum 1b and is primary-transferred onto the intermediary transfer belt 51. In the image forming portions Pc and Pd, a cyan toner image and a black toner image are formed on photosensitive drums 1c and 1d, respectively, and are successively primary-transferred onto the intermediary transfer belt 51.
The recording material P is pulled out from a recording material cassette 80 and is separated one by one by a separation roller 81. A registration roller 82 once stops the recording material P and feeds the recording material P to a secondary transfer portion T2 in synchronism with timing of the toner images on the intermediary transfer belt 51.
The four color toner images transferred on the intermediary transfer belt 51 are conveyed to the secondary transfer portion T2 and are superposed on the recording material P, thus being nip-conveyed through the secondary transfer portion T2. During the nip-conveyance, a transfer power source D2 applies a transfer voltage to a secondary transfer roller 57, so that the toner images are transferred from the intermediary transfer belt 51 onto the recording material P. Transfer residual toner remaining on the intermediary transfer belt 51 is collected by a belt cleaning device 55.
The recording material P on which the four color toner images are transferred is curvature-separated from the intermediary transfer belt 51 and is conveyed to a fixing device 7, in which the toner images are heated and pressed and thus are fixed on the recording material P. Thereafter, the recording material P is discharged to the outside of the image forming apparatus 100. The fixing device 7 nip-conveys the recording material P, on which unfixed toner images are carried, through a nip between a heating roller 71 and a pressing roller 73. The toner images are melted by pressure of the pressing roller 73 and heating by a heater 72 provided in the heating roller 71 and thus are fixed on the surface of the recording material P.
The image forming portions Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd have the substantially same constitution except that the colors of toners of yellow, cyan, magenta and black used in developing devices 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are different from each other. In the following description, the image forming portion Pa for yellow will be described and with respect to other image forming portions Pb, Pc and Pd, the suffix a of reference numerals (symbols) for representing constituent members (means) is to be read as b, c and d, respectively, for explanation of associated ones of the constituent members.
The image forming portions Pa includes the photosensitive drum 1a. Around the photosensitive drum 1a, a charging roller 2a, an exposure device 3a, the developing device 4a, a primary transfer roller 53a, and a drum cleaning device 6a are disposed. The photosensitive drum 1a is constituted by a metal cylinder on which a photosensitive layer having a negative charge polarity is formed at a surface of the metal cylinder and is rotated in an arrow R1 direction at a process speed of 300 mm/sec.
To the charging roller 2a which is rotated by the photosensitive drum 1a in contact with the photosensitive drum 1a, an oscillating voltage in the form of a DC voltage based with an AC voltage is applied, so that the surface of the photosensitive drum 1a is electrically charged.
The exposure device 3a writes (forms) an electrostatic image for an image on the charged surface of the photosensitive drum 1d by scanning of the charged surface through a polygonal mirror with a laser beam obtained by ON/OFF modulation of scanning line image data expanded from yellow component image data.
The developing device 4a reversely develops the electrostatic image with a two-component developer containing a toner and a carrier, so that the toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1a.
The primary transfer roller 53a contacts an inner surface of the intermediary transfer belt 51 to form a primary transfer portion T1 between the photosensitive drum 1a and the intermediary transfer belt 51. To the primary transfer roller 53a, a DC voltage of an opposite polarity (positive) to a charge polarity of the toner is applied, so that the toner image carried on the photosensitive drum 1a is primary-transferred onto the intermediary transfer belt 51. The drum cleaning device 6a rubs the photosensitive drum 1a with a cleaning blade to collect the transfer residual toner.
<Intermediary Transfer Belt>
As shown in
A total thickness of the base layer 51e, the elastic layer 51f and the surface layer 51g is 300-400 μm. The base layer 51e of the intermediary transfer belt 51 is 50-100 μm in thickness. The elastic layer 51f of the intermediary transfer belt 51 is 300-300 μm in thickness and is 60 degrees in hardness in terms of Asker-C hardness (JIS). The surface layer 51g of the intermediary transfer belt 51 is 1-10 μm in thickness.
The intermediary transfer belt 51 is 1×108−1×1013Ω/□ in surface electric resistivity and is 1×106−1×1012 Ω·cm in volume resistivity. The volume resistivity was measured in an environment of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH under a condition of 100 V in applied voltage and 10 sec in application time. The intermediary transfer belt 51 is manufactured in the following manner.
(1) While rotating a cylindrical metal mold, a material constituting the base layer 51e is continuously supplied from a nozzle to an outer surface of the mold and simultaneously the nozzle is moved in a rotational axis direction of the mold to uniformly apply the material. Then, the material is cured to form the base layer 51e. In order to improve a parting property of the mold, a parting (releasing) material such as silicone oil may be applied to the mold surface, or the mold may be coated with a ceramic material. The nozzle is provided with a pipe-like liquid ejection outlet and is about 0.3-3.0 mm in wall thickness.
(2) Next, in the same manner, the elastic layer 51f is formed on the base layer 51e.
(3) Thereafter, the surface layer 51g is coated on the elastic layer 51f by spray coating (painting). During the painting, it is preferable that an aqueous fluorine-containing rubber paint formed with a fluorine-containing rubber emulsion or a solvent-type fluorine-containing rubber paint in which fluorine-containing rubber is dissolved in an organic solvent is used.
The material constituting the base layer 51e is not particularly limited so long as the material can possess a necessary physical property but may preferably be a resin material. The resin material capable of constituting the base layer 51e may include polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyetherimide resin, siliconeimide resin, urethaneimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyurea resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, and the like. As an electron conductive agent contained in the material for constituting the base layer 51e, an electron conductive material such as carbon black, electroconductive metal oxide or carbon fiber is used.
The elastic layer 51f may be either of elastomer having ion conductivity or elastomer having electron conductivity so long as the elastomer has the volume resistivity in the above-described certain range. As the elastomer having the ion conductivity, a known ion conductive rubber can be used and it is also possible to use elastomer in which an ion conductive agent is added. In the case where the electron conductive agent is added in the elastomer for constituting the elastic layer 51f, similarly as in the case of the base layer 51e, it is also possible to add the electron conductive material such as carbon black, electroconductive metal oxide or carbon fiber.
Examples of the ion conductive rubber may include a composition containing a rubber material, having a polar group, such as acrylonitrile butadiene rubber or epihalohydrin rubber (particularly epichlorohydrin rubber). Examples of the ion conductive agent may include tetraethyl-ammonium, tetrabutyl-ammonium, dodecyltrimethyl-ammonium, and the like. It is also possible to use salts of these ammoniums, such as perchlorate, chlorate, hydrochloride, bromate, iodate, fluoroboric acid salt, sulfate, alkyl sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonate, and the like.
<Secondary Transfer Roller>
As shown in
The secondary transfer roller 57 has a structure of two or more layers including an ion conductive elastic rubber layer of urethane rubber or the like, and including a surface layer. The elastic rubber layer is a foam layer which contains carbon black dispersed therein and is 0.05-1.0 mm in cell diameter. The surface layer is formed of fluorine-containing resin material in which an ion conductive polymer is dispersed and has a thickness of 0.1-1.0 mm.
The surface hardness of the secondary transfer roller 57 is adjusted at 20-40 degrees in terms of the Asker-C hardness. Further, in consideration of a secondary transfer property, the resistance value of the secondary transfer roller 57 may desirably be 1×106Ω or more and 1×109Ω or less. In this embodiment, the resistance value of the secondary transfer roller 57 was 1×107Ω.
The resistance value of the secondary transfer roller 57 was measured in the following manner. The secondary transfer roller 57 is contacted at a total load of 9.8N to a resistance value-measuring roller of aluminum which is grounded via an ammeter and is 20 mm in diameter, and the measuring roller is rotationally driven at a rotational speed of 20 rpm. The secondary transfer roller 57 is rotated by the rotation of the measuring roller at the same peripheral speed and is supplied with a voltage of 2 kV at its metal shaft portion to measure a current value I(A), so that a resistance value R is calculated from the following equation.
R=2 kV/I(A)
<Transfer Pressure Adjusting Mechanism>
At the secondary transfer portion T2, by the action of pressure and electric field, the toner image on the intermediary transfer belt 51 is transferred onto the recording material P. However, smoothness of the surface of the recording material P on which the toner image is transferred varies depending on the type of the recording material P. When the toner image is transferred onto the recording material P having poor surface smoothness such as thick paper, there is a need to apply higher pressure to the secondary transfer portion T2 to bring the intermediary transfer belt 51 into intimate contact with the surface of the recording material P. When the pressure is insufficient, the intimate contactness between the recording material P and the intermediary transfer belt 51 is liable to become poor. Thus, improper transfer of the toner image is caused.
On the other hand, when the toner image is transferred onto the recording material having a good surface smoothness such as coated paper or an OHP sheet, under application of excessively large pressure, the improper transfer is liable to occur at a central portion of a line image or a line constituting a character image. This is because the toner at the central portion of the line agglomerates by the excessive acting on the toner image during the transfer and the agglomerated toner is not completely transferred onto the recording material P and is moved toward the intermediary transfer belt 51.
Therefore, in the image forming apparatus 100, a transfer pressure adjusting mechanism 60 is provided in the neighborhood of the secondary transfer portion T2, so that the pressure of the secondary transfer roller 57 applied to the intermediary transfer belt 51 supported by the secondary transfer opposite roller 56 can be adjusted. The secondary transfer roller 57 is rotatably mounted on a rotational movement frame 62 which is rotatably supported by a rotation shaft 61.
A controller 65 rotates the rotational movement frame 62 about the rotation shaft 61 by rotating a pressing cam 63 to move the secondary transfer roller 57 upward and downward, thus changing the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2.
The secondary transfer portion T2 is constituted as described above, and the controller 65 sets the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 depending on the type of the recording material P designated by a user. With respect to the thick paper, the pressure is increased to enhance the transfer efficiency, and with respect to the coated paper, the pressure is lowered to prevent dropout of the line image.
However, in the image forming apparatus 100, it was turned out that there is a problem peculiar to the case of the intermediary transfer belt 51 having the elastic layer 51f. With an increase of pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2, an image magnification (image ratio) of the toner image transferred on the recording material P is increased. In the case where printing on a so-called roughened paper such as the thick paper with large surface roughness is required, the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is largely increased. This is because at the low pressure, as shown in
Further, an experiment in which the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is made larger than normal pressure and the toner image is transferred onto the roughened paper was conducted, there arose a problem such that the image was elongated in the conveyance direction to increase the image magnification with respect to the conveyance direction.
Therefore, in the following embodiments, a length of the toner image, with respect to the conveyance direction, formed on the photosensitive drum 1a is shortened with a higher se value of the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2. Depending on the paper type selected by the user, the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is changed and at the same time, the image magnification is controlled at a stage of the elastic layer depending on the pressure. As a result, a change of a final image magnification on the recording material P is reduced while enhancing the transfer efficiency with respect to the recording materials of various types.
Parts (a) and (b) of
As shown in
The transfer pressure adjusting mechanism 60 which is an example of a pressing (urging) mechanism is capable of changing the pressure applied from the secondary transfer roller 57 to the intermediary transfer belt 51. The controller 65 which is an example of a control means controls the exposure device 3a so that the length of the toner image for the image with respect to the rotational direction of the intermediary transfer belt 51 is shortened with the increase of pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2. With a larger surface roughness of the recording material P, the controller 65 increases the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 and shortens the length of the toner image for the image with respect to the rotational direction of the intermediary transfer belt 51. With respect to the recording material having embossed surface unevenness, compared with the plain paper, the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is increased and the length of the toner image for the image with respect to the rotational direction of the intermediary transfer belt 51 is shortened.
In this embodiment, the intermediary transfer belt 51 used includes a 2 μm-thick surface layer, a 213 μm-thick elastic layer and a 85 μm-thick and is 300 μm in total thickness. The base layer 51e of the intermediary transfer belt 51 has the Young's modulus of about 3 GPa and the paper is about 4 GPa in Young's modulus and is hard, so that when the pressure is increased at the secondary transfer portion T2, deformation is little observed.
However, the Young's modulus of the elastic layer 51f of the intermediary transfer belt 51 is about 1-10 MPa which is low since the rubber material is used. In this embodiment, the urethane rubber is used for the elastic layer 51f and therefore the Young's modulus is 8 MPa.
For this reason, the elastic layer 51f located between the base layer 51e and the recording material 51f is largely changed when the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is increased, so that the surface of the intermediary transfer belt 51 follows the surface unevenness of the recording material P.
As shown in (a) of
As shown in (b) of
As shown in
An image magnification controller 102 sets, in the case of the recording material (plain paper) for which there is no need to increase the pressure, the image magnification at a default and then forms an electrostatic image with a length of 100% with respect to the conveyance direction by the exposure device 3a (S13).
However, in the case of the recording material (roughened paper) for which there is a need to increase the pressure, the image magnification controller 102 controls the exposure device 3a so that a final image magnification on the recording material P is equal to the default to form the electrostatic image with a shortened length of, e.g., 99.6% with respect to the conveyance direction (S13). In this embodiment, as the roughened paper, embossed paper (“LEATHAC 66”, (registered trademark), basis weight: 116 g/m2) was used.
<In the Case of Plain Paper>
Parts (a) and (b) of
As shown in
As shown in (a) of
As shown in (b) of
However, in the case of the plain paper, when the pressure by the secondary transfer roller 57 is increased to 75 N (7.50 kgf), dropout of the character image becomes conspicuous and even when the secondary transfer voltage is optimized, the toner image transfer efficiency is considerably lowered.
<In the Case of Roughened Paper>
As shown in (a) of
As shown in
As a result, during the recording material conveyance in A3 portrait-oriented feeding, the toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1a so as to have a length of 416 mm±0.22 mm with a margin of 2 mm at its leading and trailing ends after the secondary transfer. That is, even when the length of the electrostatic image with respect to the conveyance direction per the length of the inputted image with respect to the conveyance direction is shortened to 99.6%, through the secondary transfer, the image magnification on the recording material is about 1, so that the image magnification is the same as that in setting in the case of passing the plain paper.
As shown in (b) of
In this case, by increasing the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 to 75 N (7.50 kgf), the followability is increased to 40 μm and thus the transfer efficiency is about 75% which is higher by about 15% than that in the case of the pressure of 50 N (5 kgf).
As described above, in the secondary transfer control in this embodiment, in order to improve the transfer property with respect to the recording material, such as the recycled paper or the roughened paper, with the large surface unevenness, the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is increased in the image forming apparatus 100 using the intermediary transfer belt 51 having the elastic layer 51f. However, when the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is increased, the image magnification with respect to the conveyance direction is increased and therefore control such that the length of the electrostatic image with respect to the conveyance direction is shortened to provide the image length equal to the default on the recording material is effected.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, based on the relationship between the peripheral speed of the photosensitive drum 1a and the main scan speed of the exposure device 3a, the image length to the length of the inputted image with respect to the conveyance direction was adjusted. However, the image length with respect to the conveyance direction may also be adjusted by changing a density of the scanning lines with respect to the sub-scan direction in a process in which the image data is developed into the scanning line signal.
Further, in this embodiment, at a constant peripheral speed of the photosensitive drum 1a, by increasing the main scan speed of the exposure device 3a, the length of the electrostatic image, relative to the inputted image, formed on the photosensitive drum 1a with respect to the conveyance direction is shortened. However, also by slowing the peripheral speed of the photosensitive drum 1a while keeping the main scan speed of the exposure device 3a, similarly, it is possible to shorten the length of the electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive drum 1a.
Further, in this embodiment, the peripheral speeds of the photosensitive drum 1a and the intermediary transfer belt 51 were set at the same value. However, also by setting the peripheral speed of the intermediary transfer belt 51 at a value relatively lower than that of the photosensitive drum 1a, similarly, the length of the electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive drum 1a with respect to the conveyance direction can be shortened. Therefore, the control of the image magnification on the recording material with respect to the sub-scan direction may also be effected based on the peripheral speed difference at the primary transfer portion. Similarly, the control of the image magnification on the recording material with respect to the sub-scan direction may also be effected based on the peripheral speed difference at the secondary transfer portion.
Further, in this embodiment, the control in which the electrostatic image length with respect to the conveyance direction is shortened with a higher pressure image forming condition at the secondary transfer portion to uniformize the image length on the recording material with respect to the conveyance direction at a certain value is described. However, the elongation of the image on the recording material when the pressure is increased similarly occurs also with respect to a direction (main scan direction) perpendicular to the recording material conveyance direction. For this reason, the length of the electrostatic image with respect to the widthwise direction may also be set at a small value with the increase of pressure.
Parts (a) to (c) of
The controller 65 increases the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 and shorten the length of the toner image for the image with respect to the rotational direction of the intermediary transfer belt 51, with the increase of a cumulative output sheet number for image formation.
As shown in (a) of
The reason why this embodiment is lowered is such that when the continuous image formation with the low image ratio is effected, the developer in the developing device 4a is deteriorated. That is, the developer is continuously stirred for a long time in the developing device 4a, so that the depositing force of the toner on the intermediary transfer belt 51 is increased due to separation or the like of the external additive deposited on the toner.
As shown in (b) of
As shown in (b) of
Incidentally, in the case where the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is kept constant from the start at 50 N (5 kgf), the lifetime (durability) sheet number of the intermediary transfer belt 51 having the elastic layer 51f is 500 k (500,000) sheets. On the other hand, in the case where the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is kept constant from the start at 80 N (8 kgf), abrasion or bending fatigue of the surface layer is increased, so that the lifetime (durability) sheet number is lowered. The image defect occurs at about 440 K sheets, so that the lifetime (durability) sheet number is lowered by about 60 k sheets.
On the other hand, in the case where the pressure is increased stepwisely as described above, the lifetime (durability) sheet number of the intermediary transfer belt 51 having the elastic layer 51f is 500 k sheets similarly as in the case of the pressure kept constant at 50 N (5 kgf).
As shown in (c) of
With the stepwise pressure change as shown in (b) of
As a result, as described in Embodiment 1, the electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive drum 1a is controlled depending on the pressure, so that it was confirmed that the final image magnification on the recording material was kept at 100% until the end of the lifetime (durability) sheet number.
By effecting the control as described above, even in the case where the durability sheet number is increased, it becomes possible to keep the density of the outputted image without increasing the toner amount per unit area on the photosensitive drum 1a. At the same time, it becomes possible to suppress the change of the image magnification of the outputted image.
Parts (a) to (c) of
The controller 65 shortens the length of the toner image for the image with respect to the rotational direction of the intermediary transfer belt with the increase of the environmental temperature. In a high temperature and high humidity environment, the length of the toner image for the image with respect to the intermediary transfer belt rotational direction is made shorter than that in a low temperature and low humidity environment.
As shown in (a) of
(1) NL: 23° C. and 5% RH
(2) NN: 23° C. and 50% RH
(3) HH: 30° C. and 80% RH
Further, in
As shown in (b) of
(1) NL: 99.68%
(2) NN: 99.43%
(3) HH: 99.24%
As a result, the plot of “o” for the pressure of 75 N substantially overlaps with the plot of “▪” for the pressure of 50 N, so that it can be said that the change of the image magnification in the case of the fixed environment is suppressed.
Then, as shown in (c) of
<Pressure: 50 N>
(1) NL: 100.19%
(2) NN: 100%
(3) HH: 99.62%<
Pressure: 75 N>
(1) NL: 99.87%
(2) NN: 99.43%
(3) HH: 99.86%
In this embodiment, in both of the cases of the pressures of 50 N and 75 N at the secondary transfer portion T2, the image magnification of the electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive drum 1a is controlled. The image magnification of the electrostatic image in each of the environments at the pressure of 50 N and the image magnification of the electrostatic image at each of the environments at the pressure of 75 N are optimized, so that the image magnification of the image on the recording material with respect to the conveyance direction is 100% in either condition. As a result, all the plots substantially overlap with each other at the image magnification of 100%, so that it can be said that the image magnification change when the pressure at the secondary transfer portion T2 is changed in all the environments can be suppressed.
As described above, according to the present invention, the toner image forming means form the toner image and carries the toner image on the intermediary transfer member so as to cancel the elongation and contraction of the image with respect to the conveyance direction due to the change of the pressure at the transfer portion. For this reason, even when the length of the toner image for the image with respect to the rotational direction is changed with the change of the pressure at the transfer portion, the length of the image transferred on the recording material is reproduced substantially equally.
Therefore, while meeting the recording materials of the wide variety of types by changing the pressure at the transfer portion, the length of the image on the recording material with respect to the rotational direction can be precisely controlled with high reproducibility.
While the invention has been described with reference to the structures disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth and this application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the purpose of the improvements or the scope of the following claims.
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 280198/2010 filed Dec. 16, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-280198 | Dec 2010 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6389242 | Watanabe | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6577826 | Misaizu et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6760565 | Watanabe et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6834176 | Saito et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 20020164177 | Watanabe et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2002-55541 | Feb 2002 | JP |
| 2002-156839 | May 2002 | JP |
| 2003-131494 | May 2003 | JP |
| 2003-248388 | Sep 2003 | JP |
| 2004-246074 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 2007-3714 | Jan 2007 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20120155897 A1 | Jun 2012 | US |
