This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-161140 filed Jul. 22, 2011 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-240166 filed Nov. 1, 2011.
The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, an image forming apparatus, an image processing method, and a computer-readable medium.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an image processing apparatus including an edge-portion detector, an edge-width detector, and a tone correction unit. The edge-portion detector detects a pixel of an edge portion by determining whether or not each of pixels constituting image data which has been input is a pixel which is included in the edge portion. The edge-width detector detects, for the pixel of the edge portion detected by the edge-portion detector, an edge width which is a width of the edge portion. When the edge width detected by the edge-width detector is smaller than a value which is set in advance, the tone correction unit performs tone correction differently in accordance with the detected edge width.
Exemplary embodiment(s) of the present invention will be described in detail based on the following figures, wherein:
First, in order to help to understand the present invention, the background and overview thereof will be described.
In a case of performing a printing process on the basis of multiple-value image data, screen processing (halftone processing) is performed in order to express halftones. In screen processing, it is necessary to set a screen ruling, which is a value expressing the arrangement density of dots.
Screen processing with a high screen ruling may be performed for characters, line drawings, or the like because an image without jaggies or the like is more pleasant to look at. For a region that has been subjected to certain halftone processing, screen processing with a low screen ruling may be performed so that the screen structure does not become noticeable.
For this reason, a technique is used, in which an edge portion is detected in image data, and in which the screen ruling in screen processing is switched in accordance with whether an edge portion or a non-edge portion is detected.
However, as illustrated in
However, the inventors of the present application have noticed that, even regarding the same edge portion, tone characteristics differ in accordance with a line width (an edge width). For example, an example of tone characteristics in cases in which fine lines having different line widths are printed is illustrated in
Accordingly, when a fine line having a small line width and a patch region in which pixels having the same pixel value are continuously provided over a large area are printed using the same tone characteristics, a negative influence occurs.
For example, a case of performing a printing process on the basis of image data illustrated in
For this reason, in the present invention, an edge width of an edge portion is detected, and tone correction is performed differently in accordance with the detected edge width.
Next, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As illustrated in
Next, a hardware configuration of the image forming apparatus 10 in the image forming system according to the present exemplary embodiment is illustrated in
As illustrated in
The CPU 11 performs a predetermined process on the basis of a control program that is stored in the memory 12 or the storage device 13, thereby controlling an operation of the image forming apparatus 10. Note that, although the CPU 11 reads and executes the control program stored in the memory 12 or the storage device 13 in the present exemplary embodiment as described above, the control program may be stored in a storage medium such as a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), and may be provided for the CPU 11.
As illustrated in
Furthermore, the controller 51 includes a PDL interpretation unit 511, a drawing unit 512, and a rendering unit 513.
Additionally, the print-engine controller 52 includes an edge determination unit 521, an edge tone correction unit 522, a screen processing unit 523, and a modulation unit 524. Note that an image processing apparatus is constituted by the edge determination unit 521, the edge tone correction unit 522, and the screen processing unit 523.
The PDL interpretation unit 511 receives PDL data from the terminal apparatus 20, and interprets drawing objects that are described using the PDL data.
The drawing unit 512 performs a drawing process for each of the drawing objects that have been interpreted by the PDL interpretation unit 511, thereby performing a process of, for example, generating intermediate code, or converting a color signal (RGB) that is specified in the PDL data into a color signal (YMCK) that is to be used by the print engine 17.
The rendering unit 513 performs a rendering process of generating bitmap data, which is capable of being printed by the print engine 17, for each color, i.e., each of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K), on the basis of the intermediate code, which has been generated by the drawing unit 512.
The edge determination unit 521 performs an edge-portion detection process of detecting an edge portion from the bitmap data (image data) which has been generated by the controller 51, and an edge-width detection process of detecting, for a pixel of the detected edge portion, an edge width that is a width of the edge portion.
In other words, the edge determination unit 521 determines whether or not each of pixels constituting the image data that has been input is a pixel that is included in the edge portion, thereby detecting a pixel of the edge portion. Furthermore, the edge determination unit 521 detects, for the detected pixel of the edge portion, an edge width that is a width of the edge portion.
More specifically, the edge determination unit 521 sequentially selects, as a target pixel, each of the pixels constituting the image data that has been input from the controller 51, and detects, as an edge width, the number of pixels that have pixel values which are almost the same as the pixel value of the target pixel and that are arranged successively from the target pixel in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
Note that the details of the edge-portion detection process and the edge-width detection process which are performed by the edge determination unit 521 will be described below.
A result of the edge-portion detection process and a result of the edge-width detection process, which are performed by the edge determination unit 521, are transferred to the edge tone correction unit 522 and the screen processing unit 523.
When the edge width that has been detected using the edge-width detection process performed by the edge determination unit 521 is smaller than a value that is set in advance, the edge tone correction unit 522 performs tone correction differently in accordance with the detected edge width. In the present exemplary embodiment, the edge tone correction unit 522 performs, for an edge portion (a fine line) having an edge width of four dots or less, tone correction differently in accordance with each edge width.
The edge tone correction unit 522 performs tone correction so that a density value of a pixel for which it is determined that the edge width is small is larger than a density value of a pixel for which it is determined that the edge width is large.
In order to realize such a process, the edge tone correction unit 522 has four LUTs (conversion tables) that correspond to edge widths. The edge tone correction unit 522 switches the LUT that is to be used among the four LUTs in accordance with the edge width detected by the edge determination unit 521, and performs tone correction.
The screen processing unit 523 performs screen processing for the bitmap data that has been subjected to tone correction by the edge tone correction unit 522, thereby generating a pseudo halftone image.
The screen processing unit 523 performs screen processing on a pixel-by-pixel basis as follows: the screen processing unit 523 performs screen processing with a screen ruling of 600 lines (a high screen ruling) for pixels of an edge portion having a detected edge width of four dots or less; and the screen processing unit 523 performs screen processing with a screen ruling of 200 lines (a low screen ruling) for pixels of a non-edge portion and for pixels of an edge portion having an edge width of five dots or more.
The modulation unit 524 performs a modulation process on the basis of the image data that has been subjected to screen processing by the screen processing unit 523, thereby generating a pulse signal that is to be used to print the image data.
The print engine 17 performs control of laser in accordance with the pulse signal, which has been generated by the modulation unit 524, thereby outputting, onto a sheet of printing paper, an image based on the image data that has been subjected to tone correction by the edge tone correction unit 522.
Note that, although the edge-portion detection process and the edge-width detection process, and screen processing are performed by the print-engine controller 52 in the present exemplary embodiment, the edge-portion detection process and the edge-width detection process, and screen processing may be performed by the rendering unit 513 in order to perform load distribution.
Next, the operation of the image forming apparatus 10 according to the present exemplary embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
First, the details of the edge-portion detection process performed by the edge determination unit 521 illustrated in
The edge-portion detection process illustrated in FIG. 7 is a detection process using a density-difference determination method that uses an edge detection window of three columns×three rows. In this density-difference determination method, a pixel P5 is set as the target pixel, and whether the target pixel P5 is a pixel of an edge portion or a pixel of a non-edge portion is determined on the basis of pixel values of eight pixels P1 to P4 and P6 to P9 surrounding the target pixel P5.
More specifically, in a case in which the pixel values of the eight pixels P1 to P4 and P6 to P9, are denoted by P1 to P4 and P6 to P9, respectively, values SH, SV, SR, SL are calculated using Equations (1) to (4) described below.
When a maximum value (Max (SH, SV, SR, SL)) among the values is equal to or larger than an edge threshold, it is determined that the target pixel is a pixel of an edge portion. When the maximum value (Max (SH, SV, SR, SL)) is smaller than the edge threshold, it is determined that the target pixel is a pixel of a non-edge portion. Note that, when the pixel value of each of the pixels is represented by one of values 0 to 255, the edge threshold is set to be, for example, a value of 240. Note that, after one pixel is set as the target pixel and a determination process of determining whether the target pixel is a pixel of an edge portion or a pixel of a non-edge portion is performed for the pixel, while the target pixel is being shifted on a one-pixel-by-one-pixel basis, the determination process of determining whether the target pixel is a pixel of an edge portion or a pixel of a non-edge portion is sequentially performed for all of the pixels constituting the image data. However, the determination process may be performed for a specific image region that is necessary for a process instead of for all of the pixels constituting the image data.
Next, the details of the edge-width detection process performed by the edge determination unit 521 illustrated in
In the edge-width detection process, a determination window of nine columns×nine rows illustrated in
Here, the term “positive fine line” refers to, among lines constituted by pixels having density values that are higher than the density value of a background, a line having a line width that is equal to or smaller than the number of pixels (the number of dots) which is set in advance. Note that, in the present exemplary embodiment, a positive line having a line width of four dots or less is represented as a positive fine line.
The edge determination unit 521 sets, as the target pixel, a forty-first pixel in the determination window of nine columns×nine rows illustrated in
Note that, in
Moreover, when each of the pixel values is represented by one of values 0 to 255, a background density threshold is set to be, for example, a value of 20, and a dot density threshold is set to be, for example, a value of 100.
For example, as illustrated in
Next, a specific flow of determination using the determination conditions illustrated in
Then, the above-described determination processes have been completed for the target pixel (herein, the forty-first pixel), the determination window of nine columns×nine rows is shifted so that the target pixel which is the next process target is located at the center of the determination window, and determination processes similar to the above-described determination processes are performed. The above-described processes are performed sequentially for pixels that have been determined to be pixels of an edge portion.
Note that, regarding the order in which the edge-portion detection process of detecting a pixel of an edge portion and the edge-width detection process of detecting an edge width are performed, any order may be used as the order because it is only necessary to distinguish pixels that belong to a fine line having a fine-line width (four dots or less in the present exemplary embodiment) which is set in advance, the other pixels of an edge portion, and pixels of a non-edge portion from one another. For example, first, the edge-portion detection process may be performed for all pixels that are process targets, and, after that, the edge-width detection process may be performed for, among the pixels that are process targets, pixels that have been determined to be pixels of an edge portion. Alternatively, both the edge-portion detection process and the edge-width detection process may be performed for one pixel as a pixel that is a process target, and the pixel that is a process target may be sequentially shifted. Additionally, regarding the edge-width detection process, it is only necessary to detect an edge width as a result for a pixel of an edge portion, and the edge-width detection process may be performed independently of the determination process of determining whether or not the target pixel is a pixel of an edge portion. For example, the edge-width detection process may be performed for all pixels. Alternatively, the determination process of determining whether or not the target pixel is a pixel of an edge portion is not performed at all, and only the edge-width detection process may be performed for pixels that are process targets.
The edge tone correction unit 522 performs edge tone correction using settings, for example, illustrated in
More specifically, in a case in which the result of the edge-portion detection process is an edge portion and the result of the edge-width detection process is a two-dot positive fine line, i.e., in a case in which it is determined that the target pixel is a pixel included in a two-dot positive fine line, the edge tone correction unit 522 performs tone correction using an LUT2 for the pixel. Then, the screen processing unit 523 performs screen processing with a screen ruling of 600 lines for the pixel.
Note that four conversion tables which are called LUT1 to LUT4 are set in advance in the edge tone correction unit 522. Here, the individual LUT1 to LUT4 are set so as to be used to perform conversion in which the differences in the tone characteristics that are illustrated in
The exemplary embodiment given above is described using a case of detecting a fine line having a line width of four dots or less (a fine line having a line width of one dot to four dots) as a positive fine line. However, the present invention is not limited to the case. Also in a case of detecting a positive fine line having a line width that is larger than four dots and a case of detecting only a fine line having a line width of three dots or less as a positive fine line, the present invention may be similarly applied.
Furthermore, in the above-described exemplary embodiment, switching among the conversion tables (the LUT1 to LUT4) for performing tone correction in accordance with a detected edge width is performed. However, conversion tables may be prepared on the basis of combinations of detected edge widths and screen rulings in screen processing, and a conversion table that is to be used may be switched among the conversion tables in accordance with a detected edge width and screen processing. Moreover, one common LUT for edge widths which are equal to or smaller than a line width that is set in advance may be prepared (for example, one LUT may be prepared for fine lines having edge widths of one dot, two dots, three dots, and four dots), and, when an edge width is equal to or smaller than the line width that is set in advance, the common LUT may be used.
Note that, in the exemplary embodiment and the modification example which are described above, it is only necessary to set a line width that is to be determined before the determination processes are performed. For example, a manufacturer of an apparatus may set, in advance, the line width that is to be determined. Alternatively, before a printing process is performed, a user may set, in advance, via a user interface, the line width that is to be determined.
The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2011-161140 | Jul 2011 | JP | national |
2011-240166 | Nov 2011 | JP | national |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20130021624 A1 | Jan 2013 | US |