The present application is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2019/063739, entitled “IMAGE SENSOR COMPRISING A COLOR SPLITTER WITH TWO DIFFERENT REFRACTIVE INDEXES, AND DIFFERENT HEIGHT”, filed on May 28, 2019, which claims benefit from European Patent Application Ser. No. 18305846.0, entitled “Image sensor comprising a color splitter with two different refractive indexes, and different height”, filed Jul. 2, 2018.
The present disclosure relates to the field of optics and photonics, and more specifically to optical devices used in image sensors.
This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art, which may be related to various aspects of the present invention that are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
In order to acquire color components during the acquisition of an image, usually an image sensor can either use a Bayer filter (which is a way of discretizing the color space, that requires the execution of a kind of interpolation later for generating a color image), or a Fovea sensor (being able to record three color components per pixel via a stack of color sensors, i.e. the color sensors are piled up on each other's).
A specific technique based on a dual material structure has been suggested in the European patent application n°18305265. However, the green deviation with such approach was not observed.
In order to provide alternatives to the known techniques, it is proposed in the following a specific structure/architecture for achieving the color splitting functionality within image sensors, that can perform a deviation for either the red, green or blue color.
References in the specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment”, indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
In one aspect, it is proposed an image sensor comprising pixels for acquiring color information from incoming visible light. The image sensor is remarkable in that it comprises three pixels being partially covered by a color splitter structure for deviating only one color channel of said incoming visible light towards one of said three pixels, and for deviating other colors of said incoming visible light towards the other pixels among said three pixels, wherein the color splitter structure comprises a first, a second and a third parallelepiped structures arranged so that the first and the third parallelepiped structures are side by side and in contact with the second parallelepiped structure, and wherein the first and the third parallelepiped structures have same dimensions, and are made of a same dielectric material, with a refractive index nH, and wherein said second parallelepiped structure being smaller in height compared to said first and third parallelepiped structures, and wherein said second parallelepiped structure being made of a dielectric material with a refractive index nL, and wherein the refractive index nH is greater than the refractive index nL.
In a variant, the image sensor is remarkable in that the first, second and third parallelepiped structures have all base angles equal to 90°.
In a variant, the image sensor is remarkable in that a height H1 of the first and the third parallelepiped structures and a height H2 of the second parallelepiped structure, verifies that the height H2 being smaller than the height H1, and wherein the first and the third parallelepiped structures have a same width W1, and the second parallelepiped structure has a width W2.
In a variant, the image sensor is remarkable in that the color splitter structure is comprised or embedded in a host medium having a refractive index n, and the color splitter structure deviates only the blue color component from said incoming visible light towards one of said three pixels, with the refractive index nH being equal to 2.2, the refractive index nL being equal to 1.5, the refractive index n being equal to 1, the width W1 being equal to 600 nm, the width W2 being equal to 200 nm, the height H1 being equal to 500 nm and the height H2 being equal to 200 nm.
In a variant, the image sensor is remarkable in that the color splitter structure is comprised or embedded in a host medium having a refractive index n, and the color splitter structure deviates only the green color component from said incoming visible light towards one of said three pixels, with the refractive index nH being equal to 2.2, the refractive index nL being equal to 1.5, the refractive index n being equal to 1, the width W1 being equal to 600 nm, the width W2 being equal to 600 nm, the height H1 being equal to 600 nm and the height H2 being equal to 250 nm.
In a variant, the image sensor is remarkable in that the color splitter structure is comprised or embedded in a host medium having a refractive index n, and the color splitter structure deviates only the red color component from said incoming visible light towards one of said three pixels, with the refractive index nH being equal to 1.8, the refractive index nL being equal to 1.6, the refractive index n being equal to 1, the width W1 being equal to 600 nm, the width W2 being equal to 600 nm, the height H1 being equal to 900 nm and the height H2 being equal to 200 nm.
The present disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following description and drawings, given by way of example and not limiting the scope of protection, and in which:
The present disclosure relates to a modification of the technique described in the European patent application n° 18305265. More precisely, it is proposed to modify the technique of European patent application n° 18305265 in order to deviate also green light.
More precisely, the
The parallelepiped structures 101 has a width W1 and a height H1.
The parallelepiped structures 102 has a width W1 and a height H1.
The parallelepiped structures 103 has a width W2 and a height H2, which is smaller than the one from the height H1.
In addition, the color splitter structure is comprised or embedded in a host medium having a refractive index n, which is lower than the refractive index nH.
The parallelepiped structures 101, 102 and 103 are also defined by base angles α1, α2, α3, α4.
In the
When an incoming white light is hitting the color splitter structure, then jet waves are generated by the edges of the color splitter structure, as already explained in documents WO 2017-162880 and WO2017-162882.
More precisely, it presents a width W4 that is a value that can be viewed as a thickness of parallelepiped structures 101, 102 and 103. In addition, the distances W3 and WS correspond to the distances between the parallelepiped structures of the color splitter to another color splitter. Hence, the depth of a pixel is equal to WS+W4, the width of the pixel is equal to (W3+2*W1+W2)/3.
Indeed, when illuminated, the color splitter structure generates nanojet beams resulting from the interference between plane wave and jet waves, references 201, 202 and 203, diffracted by the edges of the blocks of the structure at the angles θJw1 and θJW2 where
The constructive interference between these jet waves and plane waves leads to the creation of the set of new spectral-dependent NJ beams.
It can be demonstrated that by changing the dimensions of the parallelepiped structures we can have the nanojets (also noted NJ) beams or hot spots positioned above the surface of the structure along the axis of the symmetry of the elements at different wavelengths. Such response of the color splitter structure corresponds to the constructive interference between the jet waves and plane wave propagating through the central parallelepiped structure of the color splitter structure. To get the maximal intensity of this NJ we should find the optimal parameters of the system taking into account the phases of the jet waves generated by the parallelepiped structures with highest refractive index and plane waves generated outside this block. It means that for example the optical path difference (OPD) for JW1 and plane wave refracted by the central block should satisfy the condition:
OPD=mλ,
where m=0, ±1, ±2, . . . .
Let us determine the OPD as
OPD=nHAB+nBC−nCD−nLDE.
As the result we obtain that
where
To calculate the distance of the corresponding hot spot detection, we use an approximate formula:
It is necessary to mention that the properties of this system depend on the materials and sizes of the blocks. We additionally should take into account the refraction of JWs inside the elements with refractive index nH (see
where m=0, ±1, ±2, . . . .
It should be also noted that that the color splitting property of the proposed structure is not limited to the structures with vertical base angles (αj=90°). Indeed, it is still possible to achieve the excepted goal with base angles from 800 to 110°.
Moreover, the color splitting functionality is not limited to the normal incident light (0=00), but it exists for inclined incident light as well.
Indeed, normal incidence happens at 0=0°, but the color splitting structure can perform the splitting function with the following range of tolerance −15°<0<15°.
More precisely, the parameters of the structures of
At X=1000 nm (middle of the system,
Due to the optimization of the parameters of the system we have obtained the solutions for tree different color splitters. The comparison of power density distribution for single and double material elements is presented in
The total width of the splitter element is 1400 nm and together with the spacing between the neighboring elements (600 nm in this case) the pitch period of the splitter element becomes 2 μm. In such embodiment, the refractive index nH is equal to 2.2, and refractive index nL is equal to 1.5, the refractive index n is equal to 1, the width W1 is equal to 600 nm, the width W2 is equal to 200 nm, the height H1 is equal to 500 nm and the height H2 is equal to 200 nm.
The total width of the splitter element is 1800 nm and together with the spacing between the neighboring elements (200 nm in this case) the pitch period of the splitter element becomes 2 μm.
In such embodiment, the refractive index nH is equal to 2.2, a refractive index nL is equal to 1.5, the refractive index n is equal to 1, the width W1 is equal to 600 nm, the width W2 is equal to 600 nm, the height H1 is equal to 600 nm and the height H2 is equal to 250 nm.
In such embodiment, the refractive index nH is equal to 1.8, a refractive index nL is equal to 1.6, the refractive index n is equal to 1, the width W1 is equal to 600 nm, the width W2 is equal to 600 nm, the height H1 is equal to 900 nm and the height H2 is equal to 200 nm.
In one embodiment, the color splitters are used in combination with pixels which some or all use usual color filters. In this embodiment, the residues of the undesired wavelength in the split parts of the incoming light are filtered out using the usual color filters. Hence the crosstalk is minimized while the color splitters increase the light intake efficiency.
In another embodiment the image sensor has non-uniform pixel sizes. The size of the pixels is optimised depending the array of the color splitter elements for better color separation performance, light intake, etc.
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18305846 | Jul 2018 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2019/063739 | 5/28/2019 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2020/007534 | 1/9/2020 | WO | A |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20210233291 A1 | Jul 2021 | US |