Patent Application
20160221323
The present invention relates to a method for transferring an image onto a colored base and to an article comprising a dark base and an image with a light background on the base.
Image transfer to articles made from materials such as fabric, nylon, plastics and the like has increased in popularity over the past decade due to innovations in image development. On Feb. 5, 1974, LaPerre et al. had issued a United States patent describing a transfer sheet material markable with uniform indicia and applicable to book covers. The sheet material included adhered plies of an ink receptive printable layer and a solvent free, heat activatable adhesive layer. The adhesive layer was somewhat tacky prior to heat activation to facilitate positioning of a composite sheet material on a substrate which was to be bonded. The printable layer had a thickness of 10-500 microns and had an exposed porous surface of thermal plastic polymeric material at least 10 microns thick.
Indicia were applied to the printable layer with a conventional typewriter. A thin film of temperature-resistant low-surface-energy polymer, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, was laid over the printed surface and heated with an iron. Heating caused the polymer in the printable layer to fuse thereby sealing the indicia into the printable layer.
On Sep. 23, 1980, Hare had issued U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,358, which described a kit for applying a colored emblem to a T-shirt. The kit comprised a transfer sheet which included the outline of a mirror image of a message. To utilize the kit, a user applied a colored crayon to the transfer sheet and positioned the transfer sheet on a T-shirt. A heated instrument was applied to the reverse side of the transfer sheet in order to transfer the colored message.
The Greenman et al. patent, U.S. Pat. No. 4,235,657, issuing Nov. 25, 1980, described a transfer web for a hot melt transfer of graphic patterns onto natural, synthetic fabrics. The transfer web included a flexible substrate coating with a first polymer film layer and a second polymer film layer. The first polymer film layer was made with a vinyl resin and a polyethylene wax which were blended together in a solvent or liquid solution. The first film layer served as a releasable or separable layer during heat transfer. The second polymeric film layer was an ionomer in an aqueous dispersion. An ink composition was applied to a top surface of the second film layer. Application of heat released the first film layer from the substrate while activating the adhesive property of the second film layer thereby transferring the printed pattern and a major part of the first layer along with the second film layer onto the work piece. The second film layer bonded the printed pattern to the work piece while serving as a protective layer for the pattern.
DeSanders et al. patent, U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,209, issuing Aug. 16, 1983, describes an imaging system in which images were formed by exposing a photosensitive encapsulate to actinic radiation and rupturing the capsules in the presence of a developer so that there was a pattern reaction of a chromogenic material present in the encapsulate or co-deposited on a support with the encapsulate and the developer which yielded an image.
The Joffi patent, U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,678, issuing Nov. 14, 1989, describes a dry transfer sheet which comprises a colored film adhering to a backing sheet with an interposition of a layer of release varnish. The colored film included 30%-40% pigment, 1%-4% of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, from 15%-35% of vinyl copolymer and from 1%-4% of polyethylene wax. This particular printing process was described as being suitable for transferring an image to a panel of wood.
The Kronzer et al. patent, U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,990, issuing Dec. 21, 1993, describes an image-receptive heat transfer paper that included a flexible paper web based sheet and an image-receptive melt transfer film that overlaid the top surface of the base sheet. The image-receptive melt transfer film was comprised of a thermal plastic polymer melting at a temperature within a range of 65°-180° C.
The Higashiyami et al. patent, U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,475, issuing May 28, 1991, describes a recording medium that included a base sheet, a thermoplastic resin layer formed on at least one side of the base sheet and a color developer formed on a thermoplastic resin layer and capable of color development by reaction with a dye precursor.
One embodiment of the present invention includes a method for transferring an image to a colored substrate. The method comprises providing an image transfer sheet comprising a release layer and an image-imparting layer that comprises a polymer. The image-imparting layer comprises titanium oxide or another white pigment or luminescent pigment. The image transfer sheet is contacted to the colored substrate. Heat is applied to the image transfer sheet so that an image is transferred from the image transfer sheet to the colored substrate. The image transferred comprises a substantially white or luminescent background and indicia.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes an image transfer sheet. The image transfer sheet comprises a polymer. The polymer comprises titanium oxide or other white pigment or luminescent pigment.
One other embodiment of the present invention includes a method for making an image transfer sheet. The method comprises providing an ink receptive polymer and impregnating the polymer with titanium oxide or other white pigment or luminescent pigment. An image is imparted to the polymer.
One method embodiment of the present invention, for transferring an image onto a colored base material, illustrated generally at 100 in
As used herein, the term “base” or substrate refers to an article that receives an image of the image transfer device of the present invention. The base includes woven or fabric-based materials. The base includes articles of clothing such as T-shirts, as well as towels, curtains, and other fabric-based or woven articles.
As used herein, the term “indicia” refers to an image disposed on the image transfer device of the present invention in conjunction with a substantially white background. Indicia include letters, figures, photo-derived images and video-derived images.
As used herein, the term “white layer” refers to a layer on a transfer sheet positioned between a release layer and a receiving layer. The white layer imparts a white background on a dark substrate.
The method of the present invention is a significant improvement over conventional two-step image transfer processes. One prior art embodiment is shown generally at 200 in
This two-step prior art process requires the use of two separate sheets 204 and 206, separately applied to the colored base. The two-step prior art process 200 also requires careful alignment of the image 208 to the white background 202. Consequently, the two-step process is exceedingly time-consuming and, because of improper alignment, produces significant wastage of base and image transfer materials.
With the method of the present invention, a sheet such as is shown at 104a, is prepared having a substrate layer 302 that comprises a polymeric material such as polypropylene, paper, a polyester film, or other film or films having a matte or glossy finish, such as is shown in
Impregnated within the substrate 302, shown in
Other pigments such as Lumilux®, manufactured by Reidel de Haen Aktiengellschaft of Germany, or other luminescent pigments, such as pigments manufactured by Matsui International, Inc., may be used in the method and article of the present invention. The titanium oxide or other white pigment or luminescent particles impart to the substrate layer, a substantially white background with a glowing that occurs at night or in the dark area. The pigments are used in conjunction with ink jet printing, laser printing, painting, other inks, for “Glow in the Dark” images, for light resolution displays, for pop displays, monochrome displays or image transfer articles. Suitable pigments are excitable by daylight or artificial radiation, fluorescent light, fluorescent radiation, infrared light, infrared radiation, IR light, ultra-violet light or UV radiation. Other materials may be added to the substrate such as antistatic agents, slip agents, lubricants or other conventional additives. The white layer or layers are formed by extrusion or co-extrusion emulsion coating or solvent coating. The white layer coating thickness ranges from 0.5 to 7 mils. In one embodiment, the range is 1.5 to 3.5 mils or 14 g/meter squared to up to 200 g/meter squared.
In other embodiments of the image transfer sheet, a changeable color was added to one or more of the layers of the image transfer sheet. The color-changeable material transferred utilized a material such as a temperature sensitive pigmented chemical or light changeable material, a neon light which glows in the dark for over 50 hours and was a phosphorescent pigment, a zinc-oxide pigment or a light-sensitive colorant. A concentrated batch of one or more of the materials of polyethylene, polyester, EVA, EAA, polystyrene, polyamide or MEAA which was a Nucrel-like material was prepared.
The color-changeable material was added to the layer material up to a concentration of 100% by weight with 50% by weight being typical. The color-changeable material technologies changed the image transfer sheet from colorless to one or more of yellow, orange, red, rose, red, violet, magenta, black, brown, mustard, taupe, green or blue. The color-changeable material changed the image transfer sheet color from yellow to green or from pink to purple. In particular, sunlight or UV light induced the color change.
The color-changeable material was blendable in a batch process with materials such as EAA, EVA, polyamide and other types of resin. The polymer was extruded to 0.5 mils or 14 g/m2 to 7 mils or 196 g/m2 against a release side or a smooth side for a hot peel with up to 50% by weight of the color-changeable concentrate.
The first ink-receiving layer 306 was an acrylic or SBR EVA, PVOH, polyurethane, MEAA, polyamide, PVP, or an emulsion of EAA, EVA or a blend of EAA or acrylic or polyurethane or polyamide, modified acrylic resins with non-acrylic monomers such as acrylonitrile, butadiene and/or styrene with or without pigments such as polyamide particle, silica, COCl3, titanium oxide, clay and so forth.
The thermoplastic copolymer was an ethylene acrylic acid or ethylene vinyl acetate grade, water- or solvent-based, which was produced by high pressure copolymerization of ethylene and acrylic acid or vinyl acetate.
Use of EAA or EVA as a binder was performed by additionally adding in a concentration of up to 90% with the concentration being up to 73% for some embodiments. The titanium oxide pigment concentration was, for some embodiments, about 50%. The photopia concentration was about 80% maximum. The additive was about 70% maximum.
The second receiving layer 306 included the photopia or color changeable material in a concentration of up to 70% by weight with a range of 2 to 50% by weight for some embodiments. PHOTOPHOPIA is an ink produced by Matsui Shikiso chemical, Co. of Kyoto, Japan. The pigment ranged from 0 to 90% and the binder from 0 to 80%. This type of coloring scheme was used in shirts with invisible patterns and slogans. The PHOTOPIA products were obtained from Matsui International Company, Inc. While they have been described as being incorporated in the ink-receiving layer, the PHOTOPIA products were also applicable as a separate monolayer. PHOTOPIA-containing layers were coated onto the release layer by conventional coating methods such as by rod, slot, reverse or reverse gravure, air knife, knife-over and so forth.
Temperature sensitive color changeable materials could also be added to the image transfer sheet. Chromacolor materials changed color in response to a temperature change. The Chromacolor solid material had a first color at a first temperature and changed color as the temperature changed. For instance, solid colors on a T-shirt became colorless as a hot item or the outside temperature increased.
Chromacolor was prepared as a polypropylene concentrate, polyethylene, polystyrene, acrylo-styrene (AS) resins, PVC/plasticizer, nylon or 12 nylon resin, polyester resin, and EVA resin. The base material for this image transfer sheet embodiment was selected from materials such as paper, PVC, polyester, and polyester film.
This type of image transfer sheet was fabricated, in some embodiments, without ink-jet receiving layers. It was usable by itself for color copy, laser printers, and so forth and then was transferable directly onto T-shirts or fabrics.
In one or both receiving layers 306, permanent color was addable with a color-changeable dispersion when the temperature changed, that is, when color disappeared. The color returned to permanent color as was shown in previous examples. With this formulation, the changeable color was added to one or more layers in a concentration of up to about 80% by weight with a range of 2-50% by weight being typical. The base paper for this embodiment was about 90 g/m2. About 0.5 mils EAA were applied with 10% PHOTOPIA or temperature-sensitive color-changeable materials. The top coat layer was an ink-receiving layer that contained polyamides, silica, COCl3 for 15% color-changeable items.
For some embodiments, a white layer 506, 606, such as is shown in
The silicone-coated layer 304 acts as a release-enhancing layer. When heat is applied to the image transfer sheet 104, thereby encapsulating image imparting media such as ink or toner or titanium oxide with low density polyethylene, ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), or MEAA, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyester exhibiting a melt point from 20 C up to 225 C, polyamide, nylon, or methane acrylic ethylene acrylate (MAEA), or mixtures of these materials in the substrate layer 302, local changes in temperature and fluidity of the low density polyethylene or other polymeric material occurs. These local changes are transmitted into the silicone coated release layer 304 and result in local preferential release of the low density polyethylene encapsulates, EVA, EAA, polyester, and polyamide.
The silicone coated release layer is an optional layer that may be eliminated if the colored base 102 or peel layer is sufficiently smooth to receive the image. In instances where the silicone coated release layer 304 is employed, the silicone coated release layer may, for some embodiments wherein the release layer performs image transfer, such as is shown in
One other image transfer sheet embodiment of the present invention, illustrated at 400 in
The polyamides, such as nylon, are insoluble in water and resistant to dry cleaning fluids. The polyamides may be extruded or dissolved in alcohol or other solvent depending upon the kind of solvent, density of polymer and mixing condition. Other solvents include methanol, methanol trichloro-ethylene, propylene glycol, methanol/water or methanol/chloroform.
One additional embodiment of the present invention comprises an image transfer sheet that comprises an image imparting layer but is free from an image receptive layer such as an ink receptive layer. The image imparting layer includes titanium oxide or other white pigment or luminescent pigment in order to make a white or luminescent background for indicia or other images. Image indicia are imparted, with this embodiment, by techniques such as color copy, laser techniques, toner, dye applications or by thermo transfer from ribbon wax or from resin.
The LDPE polymer of the image imparting layer melts at a point within a range of 43°-300° C. The LDPE and EAA have a melt index (MI) of 20-1200 SI-g/10 minutes. The EAA has an acrylic acid concentration ranging from 5 to 25% by weight and has an MI of 20 to 1300 g/10 minutes. A preferred EAA embodiment has an acrylic acid concentration of 7 to 20% by weight and an MI range of 20 to 1300. The EVA has an MI within a range of 20 to 3300. The EVA has a vinyl acetate concentration ranging from 10 to 40% by weight.
One other polymer usable in the image imparting layer comprises a nylon-based polymer such as Elvamide®, manufactured by DuPont de Nemours or ELF ATO CHEM, with or without plasticizers in a concentration of 10 to 37% by weight. Each of these polymers, LDPE, EAA, EVA and nylon-based polymer is usable along or with a resin such as Engage® resin, manufactured by DuPont de Nemours. Suitable plasticizers include N-butyl benzene sulfonamide in a concentration up to about 35%. In one embodiment, the concentration of plasticizer ranged from 8 to 27% by weight with or without a blend of resin, such as Engage® resin, manufactured by DuPont de Nemours.
Suitable Elvamide® nylon multipolymer resins include Elvamide 8023R® low viscosity nylon multipolymer resin; Elvamide 8063® multipolymer resin manufactured by Dupont de Nemours. The melting point of the Elvamide® resins ranges from about 154° to 158° C. The specific gravity ranges from about 1.07 to 1.08. The tensile strength ranges from 51.0 to about 51.7 Mpa. Other polyamides suitable for use are manufactured by ELF ATO CHEM, or Toray. Other embodiments include polymers such as polyester No. MH 4101, manufactured by Bostik, and other polymers such as epoxy or polyurethane.
The density of polymer has a considerable effect on the viscosity of a solution for extrusion. In one embodiment, 100% of a nylon resin such as DuPont Elvamide 80625® having a melting point of 124° C. or Elvamide 8061M®, or Elvamide 8062 P® or Elvamide 8064®, all supplied by DuPont de Nemours. Other suitable polyamide formulations include Amilan CM 4000® or CM 8000 supplied by Toray, or polyamide from ELF ATO CHEM M548 or other polyamide type.
In an extrusion process, these polyamide formulations may be used straight, as 100% polyamide or may be blended with polyolefin elastomers to form a saturated ethylene-octane co-polymer that has excellent flow properties and may be cross-linked with a resin such as Engage®, manufactured by DuPont de Nemours, by peroxide, silane or irradiation. The Engage® resin is, in some embodiments, blended in a ratio ranging from 95/5 nylon/Engage® to 63/35 nylon/Engage®. The polyamide is, in some embodiments, blended with resins such as EVA or EAA, with or without plasticizers. Plasticizers are added to improve flexibility at concentrations as low as 0% or as high as 37%. One embodiment range is 5% to 20%.
Other resins usable with the polyamide include Dupont's Bynel®, which is a modified ethylene acrylate acid terpolymer. The Bynel® resin, such as Bynel 20E538®, has a melting point of 53° C. and a melt index of 25 dg/min as described in D-ASTM 1238. The Bynel® has a Vicat Softening Point of 44 C as described in D-ASTM 1525-91. This resin may be blended with other resin solutions and used as a top coat primer or as a receptive coating for printing applications or thermo transfer imaging. For some embodiments, an emulsion solution is formed by dissolving polymer with surfactant and KOH or NaOH and water to make the emulsion. The emulsion is applied by conventional coating methods such as a roll coater, air knife or slot die and so forth.
The polymeric solution is pigmented with up to about 50%, with a material such as titanium oxide or other pigment, or without plasticizers and is applied by conventional coating methods such as air knife, rod gater, reverse or slot die or by standard coating methods in one pass pan or in multiple passes.
Fillers may be added in order to reduce heat of fusion or improve receptivity or to obtain particular optical properties, opacity or to improve color copy or adhesion.
The present invention further includes a kit for image transfer. The kit comprises an image transfer sheet for a color base that is comprised of a substrate layer impregnated with titanium oxide, a release layer and an image imparting layer made of a polymer such as LDPE, EAA, EVA, or MAEA, MEAA, nylon-based polymer or mixtures of these polymers or blends of these polymers with a resin such as Engage® or other polyester adhesion that melt at a temperature within a range of 100°-700° C. The LDPE has a melt index of 60-1200 (SI)-g/minute. The kit also includes a colored base for receiving the image on the image transfer sheet and a package for containing the image transfer sheet and the colored base.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes an emulsion-based image transfer system. The system comprises a colored base, such as a colored fabric, an image transfer sheet with a release coating and a polyamide. The polyamide is impregnated with titanium oxide or other white pigment or luminescent pigment in order to impart a white or luminescent background on the colored base.
One other embodiment of the present invention, illustrated at 500 in
In one embodiment, the nylon resin is applied by a hot melt extrusion process in a thickener to a thickness of 0.35 mils or 8 gms per square meter to about 3.0 mils or 65 gms per square meter to a maximum of about 80 gms per square meter. In one particular embodiment, the thickness is about 0.8 mils or 15 gms per square meter to about 50 gms per square meter or about 0.75 mils to about 2.00 mils. The nylon resin is, in another embodiment, emulsified in alcohol or other solvent or is dispersed in water and applied with conventional coating methods known in the industry.
Next, an image is imparted to the polymer component of the peel layer 520 utilizing a top coat image-imparting material such as ink or toner. In one embodiment, the polymer coating is impregnated with titanium oxide or other white or luminescent pigment prior to imparting the image. The ink or toner may be applied utilizing any conventional method such as an ink jet printer or an ink pen or color copy or a laser printer. The ink may be comprised of any conventional ink formulation. An ink jet coating is preferred for some embodiments. A reactive ink is preferred for other applications.
The image transfer sheet 500 is applied to the colored base material so that the polymeric component of the peel layer 520 contacts the colored base. The second substrate is comprised of materials such as cloth, paper and other flexible or inflexible materials.
Once the image transfer sheet peel layer 520 contacts the colored base, a source of heat, such as an iron or other heat source, is applied to the image transfer sheet 500 and heat is transferred through the peel layer 520. The peel layer 520 transfers the image, which is indicia over a white or luminescent field, to the colored base. The application of heat to the transfer sheet 500 results in ink or other image-imparting media within the polymeric component of the peel layer being changed in form to particles encapsulated by the polymeric substrate such as the LDPE, EAA, EVA, nylon or M/EAA or polyamides, or polyester, urethane, epoxies or resin-containing mixtures of these polymers immediately proximal to the ink or toner. The encapsulated ink particles or encapsulated toner particles and encapsulated titanium oxide particles are then transferred to the colored base in a mirror image to the ink image or toner image on the polymeric component of the peel layer 520.
Because the polymeric component of the peel layer 520 generally has a high melting point, the application of heat, such as from an iron, does not result in melting of this layer or in a significant change in viscosity of the overall peel layer 520. The change in viscosity is confined to the polymeric component that actually contacts the ink or toner or is immediately adjacent to the ink or toner. As a consequence, a mixture of the polymeric component, titanium oxide or other white or luminescent pigment, and ink or toner is transferred to the colored base as an encapsulate whereby the polymeric component encapsulates the ink or toner or titanium oxide or other white pigment. It is believed that the image transfer sheet, with the white titanium oxide or other white or luminescent pigment background is uniquely capable of both cold peel and hot peel with a very good performance for both types of peels.
EAA is extruded or co-extruded at 300 melt index (Dow Primacor 59801) with 30% titanium oxide ash content extruded on silicone coated base paper 95 g/meter squared for thicknesses as follows: 0.75 mils, 1.0 mil, 1.2 mils, 2.2 mils, 2.75 mils, 3.5 mils, 7.0 mils. The EAA layer is coated with ink jet receptive layers and then printed on an ink jet printer. The print is then removed from the release layer to expose the print. The exposed print is applied against fabric and covered by release paper, wherein the release side contacts the printed side. The printed image is transferred by heat application with pressure, such as by an iron, at 250 F to 350 F for about 15 seconds.
This procedure is usable with a blend of 80/20, 70/30, 50/50, 60/40 or vice versa, Dow Primacor 59801 and 59901. This procedure is also usable with DuPont Elvax 3180, or 3185 DuPont Nucrel 599, DuPont Nucrel 699, Allied Signal AC-5120 or an EAA emulsion of Primacor or Allied Signal 580 or 5120 resin or EVA or make a wax emulsion or EVA or EAA emulsion, or is blended with ELF 548 or Elvamide or polyester resin from Bostik MLT 4101.
The emulsion is blended with titanium or white pigment in one or multiple layers and applied with conventional coating methods such as roll coating, myer rod, air knife, knife over or slot die. The blended emulsion is applied with a coat weight of 5 g/meter squared to 150 g/meter squared. The percent ash is about 7 to 80 percent with 10 to 70 percent for some embodiments.
An ink receptive mono or multiple layer such as is shown in
In another embodiment, a pigment is blended to make layer 606. EAA or EVA solution solvent or a water base solution and a different coat and different thickness are employed. On top of extruded layers, top coats 608 and 610 comprise ink receptive layers. This construction imparts an excellent whiteness to the background of a print with an excellent washability.
For one image transfer sheet, such as is shown at 600 in
The optionally coated substrate layer 602 is further coated with a release layer 604 that is coated with ink jet receptive layers 606 and 608. The ink jet receptive layer or layers 606 and 608 include 50 percent titanium or barium talc, or a combination of different high brightness, high opacity pigments. These layers are coated within a range of 5 g/meter squared to 50 g/meter squared. In one embodiment, the range is 8 g/meter squared to 30 g/meter squared.
As shown at 700 in
As shown at 800 in
An image transfer sheet was prepared in the manner described in Example 4 except that a polyamide polymer layer was coextruded using polyamide from ELF ATO CHEM M 548.
An image transfer sheet was prepared in the manner described in Example 4 except that a blend of polyamides and DuPont 3185 in ratios of 90/10, 80/20, 50/50, 75/25 and 10/90, respectively was prepared and coextruded to make image transfer sheets. Each of the sheets displayed a good image transfer.
An image transfer sheet was prepared in the manner described in Example 4 except that a blend of EAA and polyamide was prepared and coextruded to make image transfer sheets. Each of the sheets displayed a good image transfer.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The above Detailed Description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the Detailed Description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments of present subject matter. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples.” The above Detailed Description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more elements thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Also, various features or elements can be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter can lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
In the event of inconsistent usages between this document and any document so incorporated by reference, the usage in this document controls.
In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” The terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, an article, system, kit, or method that includes elements in addition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemed to fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.
The Abstract is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.
This patent document is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/745,995, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/875,445 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.021US7) filed Sep. 3, 2010, now allowed, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/911,249 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.021US2) filed Aug. 4, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,824,748, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/541,845 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.021US1) filed Apr. 3, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,884,311, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/391,910 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.018US1) filed Sep. 9, 1999 and which has been reissued as U.S. application Ser. No. 12/218,260 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.021USR) filed Jul. 11, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. RE41,623, the entirety of each of the disclosures of which are explicitly incorporated by reference herein. This patent document is also related to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/034,932 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.021US3) filed Feb. 21, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,771,554, U.S. application Ser. No. 12/193,578 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.021US4) filed Aug. 18, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,749,581, U.S. application Ser. No. 12/193,573 (1010.021US5) filed Aug. 18, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,754,042, and U.S. application Ser. No. 12/193,562 (Attorney Docket No. 1010.021US6) filed Aug. 18, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,766,475, the entirety of each of the disclosures of which are explicitly incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09541845 | Apr 2000 | US |
| Child | 10911249 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 14160246 | Jan 2014 | US |
| Child | 15097964 | US | |
| Parent | 13745995 | Jan 2013 | US |
| Child | 14160246 | US | |
| Parent | 12875445 | Sep 2010 | US |
| Child | 13745995 | US | |
| Parent | 10911249 | Aug 2004 | US |
| Child | 12875445 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09391910 | Sep 1999 | US |
| Child | 09541845 | US |
