Patent Grant
8184383
This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-033397 filed Feb. 14, 2008; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an imaging lens that forms an optical image of an object to be shot on an image pickup element such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and an image pickup device such as a digital still camera, a portable cellular phone having a camera and an information portable terminal (PDA: Personal Digital Assistance on which the imaging lens is mounted to shoot the object to be shot.
2. Related Art
In recent years, with the spread of personal computers in ordinary homes, digital still cameras are rapidly popularized to which image information such as the images of shot landscapes or persons can be inputted. Further, camera modules for inputting images are frequently mounted on portable cellular phones. In device having such an image pickup function, the image pickup elements such as the CCD or the CMOS are used. In these years, a miniaturization of the image pickup elements progresses, so that the miniaturization of the entire part of an image pickup devices and the imaging lenses mounted thereon is required. Further, at the same time, pixels of the image pick-up elements are progressively increased and the high resolution and high performance of the imaging lenses are required. For instance, a performance satisfying high pixels such as 2 mega pixels or higher or more preferably, 5 mega pixels or higher is requested.
To satisfy above-described requests, the imaging lens of a structure using four lenses as a whole has been developed (see patent document 1 (JP-A-2005-4028 corresponding to US-A-2004-228009) and patent document 2 (JP-A-2005-208236)).
However, in an imaging lens described in the above-described patent documents, since a second lens has a concave shape directed to an object side, an entire length is increased so that a miniaturization is difficult. Further, since many field curvatures are generated, a problem arises that a high image quality is hardly obtained. Further, in the imaging lens including four lenses having an F number of 2.8 or so, the power of a first lens is usually apt to be relatively strong in a lens system to decrease the entire length. Therefore, the performances of the field curvatures are liable to be deteriorated. While the imaging lens is requested to have a faster (the F number of about 2.4) lens system, the imaging lens is occasionally requested to shoot an object under a state that a fastness is restricted depending on a shooting environment. However, in a compact image pickup device, an aperture diaphragm is frequently a fixed diaphragm in view of a mechanical problem and a problem of cost. In this case, to obtain a state that the fastness is restricted, for instance, a method is considered in which the fast lens system of the F number of about 2.4 is ordinarily used and a small aperture diaphragm having a small diameter is detachably arranged at the nearest position to the object side of the lens system as required to change the F number. Thus, a dynamic range can be enlarged during a shooting operation and a necessary depth of a focal point can be ensured. However, under the state that such a small aperture diaphragm is arranged, since the position of the aperture diaphragm is changed relative to an ordinary state, an image formation performance is changed. Accordingly, when an optical design that considers only an ordinary fast state is drawn, the image formation performance is liable to be deteriorated (especially, the field curvatures are deteriorated) under the state that the small aperture diaphragm is arranged, so that the lens system is insufficient in its performance. Therefore, a lens is desired to be developed that has a performance meeting high pixels, for instance, 2 mega pixels or higher, and more preferably 5 mega pixels to 10 mega pixels or so.
The present invention is devised by considering the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an imaging lens that maintains a good image formation performance, is compact and fast and can realized a lens system whose performance is hardly deteriorated even when the position of an aperture diaphragm is changed and an image pickup device that can obtain a picked-up image of high resolution by mounting the imaging lens thereon.
According to an aspect of the invention, an imaging lens includes in order from an object side, a stop; a first lens including a positive lens having a convex surface directed to the object side; a second lens that includes, near an optical axis, a negative meniscus shape with a concave surface directed to an image side; a third lens that includes a positive lens having, near the optical axis, a convex surface directed to the image side; and a fourth lens that includes a negative lens having, near the optical axis, a concave surface directed to the image side. Surfaces of the third lens each has an aspheric shape including at least one inflection point, an inclination of each aspheric shape collapses to the image side at the terminal end part of a periphery thereof within an effective diameter. And conditional expressions are satisfied:
0.1<D3/D4<2.0 (1)
νd1−νd2>25 (2)
0.4<f1/f3<1.6 (3)
0.3<f/f3<1.5 (4)
where
D3 is an air space on the optical axis between the first lens and the second lens, D4 is a central thickness of the second lens, νd1 is an Abbe number of the first lens at the d-line, νd2 is an Abbe number of the second lens at the d-line, f1 is a focal length of the first lens, f3 is a focal length of the third lens and f is a focal length of a whole system.
The imaging lens according to the present invention may further include: at least another stop that is detachably inserted to the optical axis nearer to the object side than the stop.
In that case, the diameters of the stop and said another stop may be fixed and the diameter of said another stop may be smaller than the diameter of the stop.
Further, in the imaging lens according to the present invention, the first lens is preferably a glass lens. Further, a surface of the second lens located in the object side preferably has an aspheric shape having at least one inflection point. Further, a surface of the fourth lens located on the image side preferably has an aspheric shape having two or more inflection points and a positive power in its periphery part.
According to the imaging lens of the present invention, in a lens system including four lenses as a whole, since the lens elements respectively have proper structures, the lens system is easily realized that maintains a good image formation performance and is compact and fast and whose performance is hardly deteriorated even when the position of an aperture diaphragm is changed. Especially, when the conditional expressions (3) and (4) are satisfied and the power of the third lens is made to be relatively stronger than that of a usual imaging lens composed of four lenses, an entire length is easily decreased to obtain a fast lens system that has few field curvatures. Further, since the aspheric shapes of both the surfaces of the third lens are configured as special shapes, even when a small aperture diaphragm (another stop) is arranged, the occurrence of the field curvatures is suppressed.
An image pickup device according to the present invention includes: the imaging lens according to the present invention and an image pickup element that outputs an image pickup signal corresponding to an optical image formed by the imaging lens.
In the image pickup device according to the present invention, the image pickup signal of a high resolution is obtained in accordance with the bright optical image having a high resolution got by the imaging lens of the present invention.
According to the imaging lens of the present invention, in the lens system including the four lenses as a whole, the structures of the lens elements are respectively optimized, the power of the third lens is especially made to be relatively stronger than that of the usual imaging lens including the four lenses and the aspheric shapes of both the surfaces of the third lens are configured as the special shapes. Accordingly, the lens system can be realized that maintains the good image formation performance and is compact and fast and whose performance is hardly deteriorated even when the position of the aperture diaphragm is changed.
Further, according to the image pickup device of the present invention, since the image pickup signal corresponding to the optical image formed by the imaging lens of the high performance of the present invention is outputted, a bright shot image of a high resolution can be obtained.
Now, an embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail by referring to the drawings.
The imaging lens according to this embodiment is preferably employed in various kinds of image pickup devices using an image pickup element such as a CCD or a CMOS, and especially relatively compact portable terminal devices such as a digital still camera, a portable cellular phone having a camera and a PDA. The imaging lens includes a first lens G1, a second lens G2, a third lens G3 and a fourth lens G4 in order from an object side along the optical axis Z1.
An image pick-up device according to this embodiment includes the imaging lens according to this embodiment and an image pickup element 100 such as a CCD for outputting an image pickup signal corresponding to an optical image formed by the imaging lens. The image pick-up element 100 is arranged on an image formation surface (an image pickup surface) of the imaging lens. Between the fourth lens G4 and the image pickup element 100, various optical members GF may be arranged depending on the structure of a camera side to which the lens is attached. For instance, a cover glass for protecting the image pickup surface or a flat plate shaped optical member such as an infrared ray cut filter may be arranged. In this case, as the optical member GF, a member may be used in which a coat having a filtering effect such as the infrared ray cut filter or an ND filter is applied to the flat plate shaped cover glass may be used.
Further, in the imaging lens, the coat having the filtering effect such as the infrared ray cut filter or the ND filter or a reflection preventing coat may be applied to all the lenses of the first lens G1 to the fourth lens G4 or at least one lens surface.
The imaging lens further includes an optical aperture diaphragm nearer to the object side than to the first lens G1. In this embodiment, as the aperture diaphragm, are provided an ordinary aperture diaphragm St1, and other aperture diaphragms (small aperture diaphragms) St2 and St3 detachably inserted relative to the optical axis Z1 nearer to the object side from the ordinary aperture diaphragm St1. In the ordinary aperture diaphragm St1 and the small aperture diaphragms St2, and St3, the diameters of the apertures diaphragms are fixed. The diameters of the small aperture diaphragms St2 and St3 are smaller than the diameter of the ordinary aperture diaphragm St1 and function as variable aperture diaphragms to the ordinary aperture diaphragm St1. Further, the diameter of the second small aperture diaphragm St3 is smaller than the diameter of the first small aperture diaphragm St2. That is, the diameters of the aperture diaphragms St1, St2 and St3 are set so as to have a below-described relation.
St1>St2>St3
Further, as for positions on the optical axis, when the first lens G1 is supposed to be a reference, the ordinary aperture diaphragm St1 is arranged at a position nearest to the first lens G1 and the second small aperture diaphragm St3 is arranged at a position remotest (nearest to the object side) from the first lens G1.
In the imaging lens, under the fastest ordinary state (for instance, an F number is 2.4), the small aperture diaphragms St2 and St3 are detached from an optical path as shown in
The number of the small aperture diaphragms are not limited to two, and three or more small aperture diaphragms may be used (the fastness may be changed to four or more stages). Further, only one small aperture diaphragm may be provided (the fastness may be changed only to two stages).
In this imaging lens, the first lens G1 is composed of a positive lens having a convex surface directed to the object side. The first lens G1 is preferably a biconvex lens. Further, the first lens 1 is preferably a glass lens. The second lens G2 is composed of a negative lens having a concave surface directed to the image side. The second lens G2 is preferably a negative meniscus lens with a concave surface directed to the image side. The first lens G1 and the second lens G2 respectively preferably include an aspheric surface at least in one surface. For instance, a surface of the second lens G2 located in the object side is preferably configured as an aspheric shape having at least one inflection point. Thus, a field curvature is advantageously corrected.
The third lens G3 is a positive lens has, near the optical axis, has a convex surface directed to the image side.
In the structural examples respectively shown in
The third lens G3 has an aspheric shape in which both surfaces have at least one inflection point and an inclination of a surface shape at the terminal end part of a periphery within an effective diameter collapses toward the image side. The inclination of the surface shape of the third lens G3 will be described below by exemplifying specific examples in below-described numerical examples.
The fourth lens G4 is defined as a negative lens having, near the optical axis, a concave surface directed to the image side. Both the surfaces of the fourth lens G4 are made to be aspheric shapes. The surface of the fourth lens G4 located in the image side preferably has an aspheric shape including two or more inflection points and a positive power in a peripheral part. For instance, the surface of the fourth lens G4 located in the image side is preferably made to be the aspheric shape that has a concave shape toward the image side at a position near the optical axis and a convex shape toward the image side in a peripheral part. Further, a surface of the fourth lens located in the object side is preferably made to be an aspheric surface that has a convex shape toward the object side at a position near the optical axis and a concave shape toward the object side at least in an intermediate part. Here, as for the aspheric shape, especially, the fourth lens G4 is changed to different shapes between the central part and the peripheral part of the fourth lens G4, so that the field curvature can be satisfactorily corrected from the central part to the peripheral part of an image surface. In the fourth lens G4, a light flux is more separated for each angle of view than the first lens G1, the second lens G2, and the third lens G3. Therefore, the surface of the fourth lens G4 located in the image side as the last lens surface nearest to the image pickup element 100 is made to have the concave shape to the image side at the position near the optical axis and the convex shape to the image side in the peripheral part, so that an aberration can be properly corrected for each angle of view and an incident angle of the light flux on the image pickup element is controlled to be a prescribed angle or lower. Accordingly, unevenness in the quantity of light in an entire area of an image formation surface can be reduced and the field curvature or a distortion can be advantageously corrected.
The imaging lens according to this embodiment satisfies below-described conditions. Especially, since the imaging lens satisfies conditional expressions (3) and (4), the imaging lens is adapted to relatively more decrease the power of the first lens G1 in a lens system than in a usual imaging lens composed of four lenses and increase the power of the third lens G3.
0.1<D3/D4<2.0 (1)
νd1−νd2>25 (2)
0.4<f1/f3<1.6 (3)
0.3<f/f3<1.5 (4)
In this case, it is assumed that D3 is an air space on the optical axis between the first lens G1 and the second lens G2, D4 is a central thickness of the second lens G2, νd1 is an Abbe number of the first lens G1 at the d-line, νd2 is an Abbe number of the second lens G2 at the d-line, f1 is a focal length of the first lens G1, f3 is a focal length of the third lens G3 and f is a focal length of an entire system.
Now, an operation and an effect of the imaging lens constructed as described above, especially, an operation and an effect about the conditional expressions will be more specifically described below.
According to the imaging lens of this embodiment, in a lens system composed of four lenses as a whole, since the lens elements respectively have proper structures, the lens system is easily realized that maintains a good image formation performance and is compact and fast and whose performance is hardly deteriorated even when the position of the aperture diaphragm is changed. Especially, when the conditional expressions (3) and (4) are satisfied and the power of the third lens G3 is made to be relatively stronger than that of the usual imaging lens composed of the four lenses, an entire length is easily decreased to obtain a fast lens system that has few field curvatures. Further, since the aspheric shapes of both the surfaces of the third lens G3 are configured as special shapes in which both the surfaces include at least one inflection point and the inclination of a surface shape at the terminal end part of a periphery within an effective diameter collapses toward the image side, even when the small aperture diaphragms (other aperture diaphragms) St2 and St3 are arranged, the occurrence of the field curvatures is suppressed. Further, the first lens G1 is formed with the glass lens, the entire length can be more decreased and the deterioration of the performance can be suppressed during the change of temperature.
The above-described conditional expression (1) prescribes a proper relation of the air space between the first lens G1 and the second lens G2 on the optical axis and the central thickness of the second lens G2. When D3/D4 exceeds an upper limit or D3/D4 falls down a lower limit of the conditional expression (1), the revolt of the field curvatures occur between a state of the fastest aperture diaphragm (a state that the small aperture diaphragm St2 or St3 is not arranged) and a state that the small aperture diaphragms St2 or St3 is arranged, so that it is difficult to make the performances in both the states compatible with each other. As for the conditional expression (1), a numerical range of a below-described conditional expression (1A) may be preferably satisfied.
0.2<D3/D4<1.0 (1A)
More preferably, a numerical range of a below-described conditional expression (1B) may be satisfied.
0.25<D3/D4<0.8 (1B)
The conditional expression (2) prescribes a relation of the proper Abbe numbers of the first lens G1 as the positive lens and the second lens G2 as the negative lens. As the difference between the Abbe numbers of the positive lens and the negative lens is larger, a color aberration is the more reduced to improve a performance. When νd1−νd2 falls below a lower limit of the conditional expression (2), the color aberration is insufficiently corrected. To more satisfactorily correct the color aberration, a below-described conditional expression (2A) about the Abbe number is preferably satisfied.
νd1−νd2>26 (2A)
The conditional expression (3) prescribes a relation of the proper power of the first lens G1 and the third lens G3. When f1/f3 falls below a lower limit of the conditional expression (3) and the power of the third lens G3 is too smaller than that of the first lens G1, a correction effect of the field curvature is insufficient. On the contrary, when f1/f3 exceeds an upper limit of the conditional expression (3) and the power of the third lens G3 is too stronger than that of the first lens G1, the color aberration is increased.
For this conditional expression (3), a below-described numerical range of a below-described conditional expression (3A) is preferably satisfied.
0.5<f1/f3<1.5 (3A)
The conditional expression (4) prescribes the proper power of the third lens G3 occupied in the entire part of the lens system. When f/f3 falls below a lower limit of the conditional expression (4), the field curvature is increased. When f/f3 exceeds an upper limit of the conditional expression (4), the color aberration is too increased. As for the conditional expression (4), a numerical range of a below-described conditional expression (4A) is preferably satisfied.
0.4<f/f3<1.4 (4A)
Especially, when the shape of the third lens G3 is configured as the meniscus shape, near the optical axis, with a convex surface directed to the image side, or the shape of the third lens G3 near the optical axis is the flat convex shape, the conditional expressions (3) and (4) preferably satisfy below-described numerical ranges.
0.8<f1/f3<1.5 (3B)
0.8<f/f3<1.4 (4B)
Further, particularly, when the shape of the third lens G3 near the optical axis is a biconvex shape, the conditional expressions (3) and (4) preferably satisfy below-described numerical ranges.
0.4<f1/f3<0.7 (3C)
0.4<f/f3<0.7 (4C)
As described above, according to the imaging lens of this embodiment, in the lens system including the four lenses as a whole, since the structures of the lens elements are respectively optimized, the lens system can be realized that maintains the good image formation performance and is compact and fast and whose performance is hardly deteriorated even when the position of the aperture diaphragm is changed. For instance, the performance can be obtained that meets high pixels such as 2 mega pixels or more, or more preferably 5 mega pixels to 10 megapixels. Further, according to the image pickup device of this embodiment, since the image pickup signal corresponding to the optical image formed by the imaging lens of the high performance according to this embodiment is outputted, a bright shot image of a high resolution can be obtained.
Now, specific numerical examples of the imaging lens according to this embodiment will be described below. A plurality of numerical examples will be collectively described below.
In the imaging lens according to the first example, as described above, other aperture diaphragms (small aperture diaphragms) St2 and St3 are selectively arranged in addition to the ordinary aperture diaphragm (the fixed aperture diaphragm) St1 depending on the fastness (the F number).
Further, in the imaging lens of the first example, all of both the surfaces of the first lens G1 and G4 have aspheric shapes. In the basic lens data shown in
As the data of the aspheric surfaces of the imaging lens of the first example, are designated values of coefficients Bn and K respectively in an expression of the aspheric shape represented by a below-described equation (A). More specifically, Z designates a length (mm) of a perpendicular dropped to a tangential plane (a plane perpendicular to the optical axis) of a vertex of the aspheric surface from a point on the aspheric surface located at the height h from the optical axis.
Z=CC·h2/{1+(1−K·CC2·h2)1/2}+ΣBn·hn (A)
(n=an integer of 3 or larger)
where
The imaging lens of the first example is represented by effectively using order numbers of B3 to B20 as the aspheric coefficients Bn.
As advancing along each surface of the third lens from a center of thereof toward an outside of the third lens, said surfaces curves to the image side in neighbor of a position that is distant from the center of the third lens by an effective diameter of the third lens and within the effective diameter of the third lens.
In
Similarly,
Similarly to the imaging lens of the first example, specific lens data corresponding to the structure of the imaging lens illustrated in
Further, similarly, specific lens data corresponding to the structures of the imaging lenses illustrated in
Further,
Further, especially, the first to the sixth examples in which the shape of the third lens G3 is configured as a meniscus shape that the shape of the third lens G3 near the optical axis has a convex surface directed toward the image side and in the seventh example in which the shape of the third lens G3 near the optical axis is a flat convex shape satisfy the numerical ranges of the above-described conditional expressions (3B) and (4B). Further, especially, the eighth to the ninth examples in which the shape of the third lens G3 near the optical axis is a biconvex shape satisfy the numerical ranges of the above-described conditional expressions (3C) and (4C).
Similarly, various aberrations of the imaging lenses according to the second to the ninth examples are shown in
As can be recognized from the above-described numerical data and the aberration diagrams respectively, the structures of the lens elements are respectively optimized in each of the examples, and accordingly, the lens system can be realized that maintains a good optical performance and is compact and fast and whose performance is hardly deteriorated even when the position of the aperture diaphragm is changed. Especially, a performance preferably suitable for the number of pixels such as about 8 mega pixels is obtained.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the examples respectively, and various modifications maybe embodied. For instance, the radiuses of curvature, the surface spacing and the refractive indexes of the lens components or the like are not limited to the values shown in the numerical examples respectively and other values may be used.
Further, in all the examples, the imaging lenses are respectively supposed to use fixed focal points, however, a structure in which a focus can be adjusted may be employed. For instance, the entire part of the lens system may be extended or a part of the lenses may be moved on the optical axis to be automatically focused.
Further, in the above-described examples respectively, a design example preferably suitable for the number of pixels such as about 8 mega pixels is exemplified. However, the imaging lens of the present invention can obtain a good performance even for a higher number of pixels such as 10 mega pixels or more. Further, the imaging lens of the present invention can obtain a good performance for the number of pixels lower than 8 mega pixels.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| P2008-033397 | Feb 2008 | JP | national |
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| 7206143 | Kamo et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7466497 | Park et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7474478 | Fukuta et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
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| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2004-341013 | Dec 2004 | JP |
| 2005-4027 | Jan 2005 | JP |
| 2005-4028 | Jan 2005 | JP |
| 2005-24581 | Jan 2005 | JP |
| 2005-24889 | Jan 2005 | JP |
| 2005-208236 | Aug 2005 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090207507 A1 | Aug 2009 | US |
