The present disclosure relates to an imaging lens driving module, a camera module and an electronic device, more particularly to an imaging lens driving module and a camera module applicable to an electronic device.
With the development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, the performance of image sensors has been improved, and the pixel size thereof has been scaled down. Therefore, featuring high image quality becomes one of the indispensable features of an optical system nowadays. Furthermore, due to the rapid changes in technology, electronic devices equipped with optical systems are trending towards multi-functionality for various applications, and therefore the functionality requirements for the optical systems have been increasing.
In recent years, there is an increasing demand for electronic devices featuring compact size, but conventional optical systems are difficult to meet both the requirements of high image quality and compactness. Conventional camera modules usually have functionalities such as auto focus, optical image stabilization and optical zoom. However, in order to achieve the above functionalities, the structure of the camera modules becomes more complex and the size thereof also increases, and thus, the size of electronic devices equipped with the camera modules also increases. In addition, in order to achieve auto focus and optical zoom functionalities, the camera modules are usually provided with lens driving units so as to drive the lens system to move along the optical axis. However, in conventional lens driving units, there are usually larger assembly errors between elastic elements and movable lens carriers, and there is usually a problem of assembly warpage so that the elastic elements may be installed unevenly and thus tilts, thereby increasing defective rate of the lens driving units.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an imaging lens driving module includes a lens carrier, a frame element, a driving mechanism and a metal conductive element. The lens carrier is configured for holding an imaging lens system. The frame element forms an interior space for the lens carrier to be disposed therein. The driving mechanism is configured for driving the lens carrier to move in a direction parallel to an optical axis of the imaging lens system. The driving mechanism includes a metal elastic element, a coil and a magnet assembly. The metal elastic element includes an outer fixing part, an inner fixing part and an elastic part. The outer fixing part is coupled to the frame element, the inner fixing part is located closer to the lens carrier than the outer fixing part to the lens carrier and the inner fixing part is coupled to the lens carrier, and the elastic part is connected to the outer fixing part and the inner fixing part. The coil is fixed to the lens carrier, and the magnet assembly is disposed corresponding to the coil. The metal conductive element is coupled to the lens carrier. Additionally, the metal elastic element further includes an electrically connecting part and a compensating elastic part. The metal conductive element has a corresponsive surface disposed corresponding to and electrically connected to the electrically connecting part. The compensating elastic part is connected to the electrically connecting part and the inner fixing part.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an imaging lens driving module includes a lens carrier, a frame element, a driving mechanism and a metal conductive element. The lens carrier is configured for holding an imaging lens system. The frame element forms an interior space for the lens carrier to be disposed therein. The driving mechanism is configured for driving the lens carrier to move in a direction parallel to an optical axis of the imaging lens system. The driving mechanism includes a metal elastic element, a coil and a magnet assembly. The metal elastic element includes an outer fixing part, an inner fixing part and an elastic part. The outer fixing part is coupled to the frame element, the inner fixing part is located closer to the lens carrier than the outer fixing part to the lens carrier and the inner fixing part is coupled to the lens carrier, and the elastic part is connected to the outer fixing part and the inner fixing part. The coil is fixed to the lens carrier, and the magnet assembly is disposed corresponding to the coil. The metal conductive element is coupled to the lens carrier. Additionally, the metal conductive element includes an electrically connecting part and a compensating elastic part. The metal elastic element has a corresponsive surface disposed corresponding to and electrically connected to the electrically connecting part. The compensating elastic part is connected to the electrically connecting part.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a camera module includes an imaging lens system, one of the aforementioned imaging lens driving modules and an image sensor. The imaging lens system is disposed on the lens carrier of the imaging lens driving module. The image sensor is disposed on an image surface of the imaging lens system.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device includes the aforementioned camera module.
The disclosure can be better understood by reading the following detailed description of the embodiments, with reference made to the accompanying drawings as follows:
In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are schematically shown in order to simplify the drawing.
The present disclosure provides an imaging lens driving module. The imaging lens driving module includes a lens carrier, a frame element, a driving mechanism and a metal conductive element. The lens carrier is configured for holding an imaging lens system. The frame element forms an interior space for the lens carrier to be disposed therein. The driving mechanism is configured for driving the lens carrier to move in a direction parallel to an optical axis of the imaging lens system. The metal conductive element is coupled to the lens carrier.
The driving mechanism includes a metal elastic element, a coil and a magnet assembly. The metal elastic element includes an outer fixing part, an inner fixing part and an elastic part. The outer fixing part is coupled to the frame element. The inner fixing part is located closer to the lens carrier than the outer fixing part to the lens carrier, and the inner fixing part is coupled to the lens carrier. The elastic part is connected to the outer fixing part and inner fixing part. The coil is fixed to the lens carrier, and the magnet assembly is disposed corresponding to the coil.
The metal elastic element further includes an electrically connecting part and a compensating elastic part. The metal conductive element has a corresponsive surface disposed corresponding to and electrically connected to the electrically connecting part. The compensating elastic part is connected to the electrically connecting part and the inner fixing part. Therefore, the flatness of the metal elastic element can be compensated so as to prevent the metal elastic element from tilting, thereby increasing manufacturing yield rate of the imaging lens driving module. Said electrical connection can be achieved by a welding process or dispensing process, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Moreover, the compensating elastic part of the metal elastic element can correct extra assembly errors and reduce the possibility of assembly warpage of the metal elastic element. Furthermore, the compensating elastic part of the metal elastic element can at least ensure that the electrically connecting part and the corresponsive surface of the metal conductive element are at least partially in physical contact with each other. Please refer to
The electrically connecting part of the metal elastic element can overlap the corresponsive surface of the metal conductive element in the direction parallel to the optical axis. Therefore, the electrically connection position between the metal elastic element and the metal conductive element can be more easily positioned during an automated manufacturing process, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency.
When a sectional area of the elastic part of the metal elastic element is A0, and a minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part of the metal elastic element is A1, the following condition can be satisfied: 0.05<A1/A0<2.0. Therefore, it can be ensured that the warpage of the metal elastic element occurs at the compensating elastic part thereof during the assembly process, thereby reducing assembly errors. Moreover, the following condition can also be satisfied: 0.1<A1/A0<1.3, which corresponds to different structural design of the compensating elastic part, and the condition defines a range for better reducing assembly warpage. Please refer to
The metal conductive element can be disposed between the lens carrier and the electrically connecting part of the metal elastic element. Therefore, the metal conductive element can absorb collision forces during the assembly process so as to ensure good resolution quality of the imaging lens system. In one configuration, each metal conductive element can have at least two fastening holes, such that the metal conductive element is unable to rotate, thereby improving assembly efficiency.
The electrically connecting part of the metal elastic element can be in physical contact with the corresponsive surface of the metal conductive element. Therefore, if the metal elastic element warps, it is ensured that the electrically connecting part and the corresponsive surface are still at least partially in physical contact with each other, and optionally, an electrical conductive material can be filled in an air gap between the electrically connecting part and the corresponsive surface so as to ensure that the stability of electrical connection therebetween is not compromised by the assembly warpage.
There can be a tapered air gap between the electrically connecting part of the metal elastic element and the corresponsive surface of the metal conductive element. Therefore, the air gap being tapered towards the contact point of the electrically connecting part and the corresponsive surface ensures that the electrically connecting part and the corresponsive surface are at least partially in physical contact with each other, thereby ensuring the electrical connection therebetween.
The present disclosure provides another imaging lens driving module. The imaging lens driving module includes a lens carrier, a frame element, a driving mechanism and a metal conductive element. The lens carrier is configured for holding an imaging lens system. The frame element forms an interior space for the lens carrier to be disposed therein. The driving mechanism is configured for driving the lens carrier to move in a direction parallel to an optical axis of the imaging lens system. The metal conductive element is coupled to the lens carrier.
The driving mechanism includes a metal elastic element, a coil and a magnet assembly. The metal elastic element includes an outer fixing part, an inner fixing part and an elastic part. The outer fixing part is coupled to the frame element. The inner fixing part is located closer to the lens carrier than the outer fixing part to the lens carrier, and the inner fixing part is coupled to the lens carrier. The elastic part is connected to the outer fixing part and inner fixing part. The coil is fixed to the lens carrier, and the magnet assembly is disposed corresponding to the coil.
The metal conductive element includes an electrically connecting part and a compensating elastic part. The metal elastic element has a corresponsive surface disposed corresponding to and electrically connected to the electrically connecting part. The compensating elastic part is connected to the electrically connecting part. Therefore, the flatness of the metal conductive element can be compensated so as to prevent the metal conductive element from tilting, thereby reducing manufacturing cost. Said electrical connection can be achieved by a welding process or dispensing process, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Moreover, the metal conductive element can be a wire electrically connected to the coil and the metal elastic element. Furthermore, the corresponsive surface of the metal elastic element can be a compatible step surface having a structure of a recessed surface area. Please refer to
The electrically connecting part of the metal conductive element can overlap the corresponsive surface of the metal elastic element in the direction parallel to the optical axis. Therefore, the electrically connection position between the metal conductive element and the metal elastic element can be more easily positioned during an automated manufacturing process, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency.
When a sectional area of the elastic part of the metal elastic element is A0, and a minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part of the metal conductive element is A1, the following condition can be satisfied: 0.1<A1/A0<1.3. Therefore, it can be ensured that the warpage of the metal conductive element occurs at the compensating elastic part thereof during the assembly process, thereby reducing assembly errors. Please refer to
The metal elastic element can be disposed between the lens carrier and the electrically connecting part of the metal conductive element. Therefore, the metal conductive element can absorb collision forces during the assembly process so as to ensure good resolution quality of the imaging lens system.
According to the present disclosure, the aforementioned features and conditions can be utilized in numerous combinations so as to achieve corresponding effects.
According to the above description of the present disclosure, the following specific embodiments are provided for further explanation.
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an imaging lens driving module 1 includes a casing 11, a base 12, a lens carrier 13, a frame element 14, a driving mechanism 15 and two metal conductive elements 16.
The casing 11 is disposed on the base 12 and together form a storage space. The lens carrier 13 is configured for holding an imaging lens system (not shown in figure). The frame element 14 is disposed on the base 12 and located in the storage space, and the frame element 14 forms an interior space S for the lens carrier 13 to be disposed therein.
The driving mechanism 15 is configured for driving the lens carrier 13 to move in a direction parallel to an optical axis OA of the imaging lens system, and the driving mechanism 15 includes two metal elastic elements 151, a coil 152 and a magnet assembly 153.
Each of the metal elastic elements 151 includes two outer fixing parts 1511, an inner fixing part 1512 and two elastic parts 1513. The outer fixing parts 1511 are coupled to the frame element 14. The inner fixing part 1512 is located closer to the lens carrier 13 than the outer fixing parts 1511 to the lens carrier 13, and the inner fixing part 1512 is coupled to the lens carrier 13. Each of the elastic parts 1513 is connected to the inner fixing part 1512 and one of the outer fixing parts 1511.
The coil 152 surrounds and is fixed to the lens carrier 13. The magnet assembly 153 includes four magnets 1530 fixed to the frame element 14 and disposed corresponding to the coil 152. In this embodiment, the four magnets 1530 of the magnet assembly 153 together surround the lens carrier 13 and the coil 152.
Please refer to
Each of the metal conductive elements 16 has a corresponsive surface 161 and two fastening holes 162. The metal conductive elements 16 are fixed to the lens carrier 13 by the engagement between the fastening holes 162 thereof and fastening protrusions (not numbered) of the lens carrier 13.
Each of the metal elastic elements 151 further includes an electrically connecting part 1515 and a compensating elastic part 1514 connected to the electrically connecting part 1515 and the inner fixing part 1512. The metal conductive elements 16 are disposed between the lens carrier 13 and respective electrically connecting parts 1515 of the metal elastic elements 151. The corresponsive surfaces 161 of the metal conductive elements 16 are disposed corresponding to and electrically connected to respective electrically connecting parts 1515 of the metal elastic elements 151. In addition, the electrically connecting parts 1515 overlap and are in physical contact with respective corresponsive surfaces 161 in the direction parallel to the optical axis OA.
As shown in
There is a tapered air gap DAG between the electrically connecting part 1515 of the metal elastic element 151 and the corresponsive surface 161 of the metal conductive element 16.
Please refer to
When the sectional area of the elastic part 1513 of the metal elastic element 151 is A0, and a minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514 of the metal elastic element 151 is A1, the following conditions are satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A1=0.0024 mm2; and A1/A0=0.80. In this embodiment, the compensating elastic part 1514 of the metal elastic element 151 has a constant sectional area.
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an imaging lens driving module 1b is provided. The imaging lens driving module 1b has a configuration similar to that of the imaging lens driving module 1 as disclosed in the 1st embodiment, and they are different from each other in that the structural feature of metal elastic elements 151b in this embodiment is different from that of the metal elastic elements 151 in the 1st embodiment. Said imaging lens driving modules of the two embodiments having similar configurations with each other refers to that except for the metal elastic elements, elements of one of the imaging lens driving modules have structural features, for example, the same as that of the other of the imaging lens driving modules.
In specific, in this embodiment, a minimum sectional area of a compensating elastic part 1514b of the metal elastic element 151b is different from the minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514 of the metal elastic element 151 which is disclosed in the 1st embodiment. In addition, the compensating elastic part 1514b of the metal elastic element 151b tapers from its two opposite ends towards its middle portion; that is, the compensating elastic part 1514b has larger sectional areas at its two opposite ends than that at its middle portion.
In this embodiment, when a sectional area of an elastic part 1513b of the metal elastic element 151b is A0, and the minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514b of the elastic element 151b is A1, the following conditions are satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A1=0.0011 mm2; and A1/A0=0.37. In addition, the compensating elastic part 1514b of the metal elastic element 151b has a minimum sectional area at its middle portion. Moreover, the position of the sectional area A1 of the compensating elastic part 1514b as shown in
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an imaging lens driving module 1c is provided. The imaging lens driving module 1c has a configuration similar to that of the imaging lens driving module 1 as disclosed in the 1st embodiment, and they are different from each other in that the structural feature of metal elastic elements 151c in this embodiment is different from that of the metal elastic elements 151 in the 1st embodiment. Said imaging lens driving modules of the two embodiments having similar configurations with each other refers to that except for the metal elastic elements, elements of one of the imaging lens driving modules have structural features, for example, the same as that of the other of the imaging lens driving modules.
In specific, in this embodiment, a minimum sectional area of a compensating elastic part 1514c of the metal elastic element 151c is different from the minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514 of the metal elastic element 151 which is disclosed in the 1st embodiment. In addition, the compensating elastic part 1514c of the metal elastic element 151c has alternate thick and thin sections, and its side surface is in a shape of a sawtooth, such that the compensating elastic part 1514c has alternate large and small sectional areas, where the relatively small sectional area is A1 and the relatively large sectional area is A2.
In this embodiment, when a sectional area of an elastic part 1513c of the metal elastic element 151c is A0, and a minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514c of the metal elastic element 151c is A1, the following conditions are satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A1=0.0012 mm2; and A1/A0=0.40. In addition, the position of the sectional area A1 of the compensating elastic part 1514c as shown in
When the sectional area of the elastic part 1513c of the metal elastic element 151c is A0, and a maximum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514c of the metal elastic element 151c is A2, the following condition is satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A2=0.0024 mm2; and A2/A0=0.80. In addition, the position of the sectional area A2 of the compensating elastic part 1514c as shown in
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an imaging lens driving module 1d is provided. The imaging lens driving module 1d has a configuration similar to that of the imaging lens driving module 1 as disclosed in the 1st embodiment, and they are different from each other in that the structural feature of metal elastic elements 151d in this embodiment is different from that of the metal elastic elements 151 in the 1st embodiment. Said imaging lens driving modules of the two embodiments having similar configurations with each other refers to that except for the metal elastic elements, elements of one of the imaging lens driving modules have structural features, for example, the same as that of the other of the imaging lens driving modules.
In specific, in this embodiment, a minimum sectional area of a compensating elastic part 1514d of the metal elastic element 151d is different from the minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514 of the metal elastic element 151 which is disclosed in the 1st embodiment. In addition, the compensating elastic part 1514d of the metal elastic element 151d has a recess at its middle portion; that is, there is a step between the middle portion and two ends of the compensating elastic part 1514d.
In this embodiment, when a sectional area of an elastic part 1513d of the metal elastic element 151d is A0, and a minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514d of the metal elastic element 151d is A1, the following conditions are satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A1=0.0012 mm2; and A1/A0=0.40. In addition, the compensating elastic part 1514d of the metal elastic element 151d has a minimum sectional area at its middle portion. Moreover, the position of the sectional area A1 of the compensating elastic part 1514d as shown in
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an imaging lens driving module 1e is provided. The imaging lens driving module 1e has a configuration similar to that of the imaging lens driving module 1 as disclosed in the 1st embodiment, and they are different from each other in that the structural feature of metal elastic elements 151e in this embodiment is different from that of the metal elastic elements 151 in the 1st embodiment. Said imaging lens driving modules of the two embodiments having similar configurations with each other refers to that except for the metal elastic elements, elements of one of the imaging lens driving modules have structural features, for example, the same as that of the other of the imaging lens driving modules.
In specific, in this embodiment, a minimum sectional area of a compensating elastic part 1514e of the metal elastic element 151e is different from the minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514 of the metal elastic element 151 which is disclosed in the 1st embodiment. In addition, the compensating elastic part 1514e of the metal elastic element 151e has two recesses respectively located on its two side surfaces at the middle portion thereof, and thus the sectional area of the middle portion of the compensating elastic part 1514e is reduced.
In this embodiment, when a sectional area of an elastic part 1513e of the metal elastic element 151e is A0, and a minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 1514e of the metal elastic element 151e is A1, the following conditions are satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A1=0.0012 mm2; and A1/A0=0.40. In addition, the compensating elastic part 1514e of the metal elastic element 151e has a minimum sectional area at its middle portion. Moreover, the position of the sectional area A1 of the compensating elastic part 1514e as shown in
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an imaging lens driving module 1f is provided. The imaging lens driving module 1f has a configuration similar to that of the imaging lens driving module 1 as disclosed in the 1st embodiment, and the they are different from each other in that the structural feature of metal conductive elements 16f and metal elastic elements 151f in this embodiment is different from that of the metal conductive elements 16 and the metal elastic elements 151 in the 1st embodiment. Said imaging lens driving modules of the two embodiments having similar configurations with each other refers to that except for the metal conductive elements and the metal elastic elements, elements of one of the imaging lens driving modules have structural features, for example, the same as that of the other of the imaging lens driving modules.
In specific, as shown in
In this embodiment, as shown in
In this embodiment, when a sectional area of an elastic part 1513f of the metal elastic element 151f is A0, and a minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 164f of the metal conductive element 16f is A1, the following conditions are satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A1=0.0006 mm2; and A1/A0=0.20. In addition, the position of the sectional area A1 of the compensating elastic part 164f as shown in
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an imaging lens driving module 1g is provided. The imaging lens driving module 1g has a configuration similar to that of the imaging lens driving module 1f as disclosed in the 6th embodiment, and they are different from each other in that the structural feature of metal conductive elements 16g in this embodiment is different from that of the metal conductive elements 16f in the 6th embodiment. Said imaging lens driving modules of the two embodiments having similar configurations with each other refers to that except for the metal conductive elements, elements of one of the imaging lens driving modules have structural features, for example, the same as that of the other of the imaging lens driving modules.
In specific, in this embodiment, a minimum sectional area of a compensating elastic part 164g of the metal conductive element 16g is different from the minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 164f of the metal conductive element 16f which is disclosed in the 6th embodiment.
In this embodiment, when a sectional area of an elastic part 1513g of the metal elastic element 151g is A0, and the minimum sectional area of the compensating elastic part 164g of the metal conductive element 16g is A1, the following conditions are satisfied: A0=0.0030 mm2; A1=0.0034 mm2; and A1/A0=1.13. In addition, the position of the sectional area A1 of the compensating elastic part 164g as shown in
Please refer to
The driving mechanism 15 is favorable for obtaining a better imaging position of the imaging lens system 2, so that a clear and sharp image of the imaged object can be captured by the imaging lens system 2 in different object distances. In addition, the image capturing unit 80 can be provided with the image sensor 83 (for example, CMOS or CCD), which can feature high photosensitivity and low noise, disposed on the image surface of the imaging lens system 2 to provide higher image quality.
The image stabilizer 84, such as an accelerometer, a gyro sensor and a Hall Effect sensor, is configured to work with the driving mechanism 15 to provide optical image stabilization (OIS). The driving mechanism 15 working with the image stabilizer 84 is favorable for compensating for pan and tilt of the imaging lens system 2 to reduce blurring associated with motion during exposure. In some cases, the compensation can be provided by electronic image stabilization (EIS) with image processing software, thereby improving image quality while in motion or low-light conditions.
The present disclosure is not limited to the image capturing unit 80 in
Please refer to
In this embodiment, an electronic device 90 is a smartphone including the image capturing unit 80 disclosed in the 8th embodiment, an image signal processor 93, a display module (user interface) 94 and an image software processor 95. In this embodiment, the image capturing unit 80 includes the imaging lens driving module 1, the imaging lens system 2, the image sensor 83, the image stabilizer 84, the flash module 91 and the focus assist module 92.
When a user captures images of an object 96, the light rays converge in the image capturing unit 80 to generate an image(s), and the flash module 91 is activated for light supplement. The focus assist module 92 detects the object distance of the imaged object 96 to achieve fast auto focusing. The image signal processor 93 is configured to optimize the captured image to improve image quality. The light beam emitted from the focus assist module 92 can be either conventional infrared or laser. The display unit 94 can be a touch screen or have a physical shutter button. The user is able to interact with the display module 94 and the image software processor 95 having multiple functions to capture images and complete image processing. The image processed by the image software processor 95 can be displayed on the display module 94.
The electronic device of the present disclosure is not limited to the number of image capturing units as described above.
When the image capturing unit 80 works with the telephoto image capturing unit 80a and wide-angle image capturing unit 80b, the expansion image signal processor 86 provides zoom functionality for images on the touch screen so as to meet image processing requirements for multiple image capturing units. The electronic device 90a equipped with the image capturing unit 80 has various modes of different photographing functions, such as zoom function, telephotography, multi-camera recording, selfie-optimized function, and high dynamic range (HDR) and 4K resolution imaging under low-light conditions.
The smartphone in this embodiment is only exemplary for showing the imaging lens driving module of the present disclosure installed in an electronic device, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The imaging lens driving module can be optionally applied to optical systems with a movable focus. Furthermore, the imaging lens driving module features good capability in aberration corrections and high image quality, and can be applied to 3D (three-dimensional) image capturing applications, in products such as digital cameras, mobile devices, digital tablets, smart televisions, network surveillance devices, dashboard cameras, vehicle backup cameras, multi-camera devices, image recognition systems, motion sensing input devices, wearable devices and other electronic imaging devices.
The foregoing description, for the purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be noted that the present disclosure shows different data of the different embodiments; however, the data of the different embodiments are obtained from experiments. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The embodiments depicted above and the appended drawings are exemplary and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 63/163,606, filed on Mar. 19th, 2021, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63163606 | Mar 2021 | US |