Imaging system

Description

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to imaging systems, and in particular, intravascular imaging systems including imaging probes and delivery devices.

BACKGROUND

Imaging probes have been commercialized for imaging various internal locations of a patient, such as an intravascular probe for imaging a patient's heart. Current imaging probes are limited in their ability to reach certain anatomical locations due to their size and rigidity. Current imaging probes are inserted over a guidewire, which can compromise their placement and limit use of one or more delivery catheters through which the imaging probe is inserted. There is a need for imaging systems that include probes with reduced diameter, high flexibility and ability to be advanced to a patient site to be imaged without a guidewire, as well as systems with one or more delivery devices compatible with these improved imaging probes.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present inventive concepts, an imaging system for a patient comprising: an imaging probe, comprising: an elongate shaft comprising a proximal end, a distal portion, and a lumen extending between the proximal end and the distal portion; a rotatable optical core positioned within the lumen of the elongate shaft and comprising a proximal end and a distal end; and an optical assembly positioned in the elongate shaft distal portion and proximate the rotatable optical core distal end, the optical assembly configured to direct light to tissue and collect reflected light from the tissue; and the imaging probe is constructed and arranged to collect image data from a patient site; a rotation assembly constructed and arranged to optically and mechanically connect to the imaging probe, and to rotate the optical assembly; a retraction assembly constructed and arranged to mechanically connect to the imaging probe, and to retract the optical assembly and the elongate shaft in unison.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe further comprises a service loop configured to allow retraction of the imaging probe relative to the patient while the rotation assembly remains stationary.

In some embodiments, the elongate shaft comprises a first segment and a second segment, and the first segment is more flexible than the second segment. The first segment can comprise a spiral cut. The first segment can comprise a braided construction. The first segment can be positioned proximal to the second segment.

In some embodiments, the rotatable optical core comprises a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber. The system can optically match the dispersion of the non-zero dispersion shifted fiber.

In some embodiments, the rotatable optical core comprises a radiation-resistant fiber. The rotatable optical core can further comprise an acrylate coating.

In some embodiments, the rotatable optical core comprises a first portion and a second portion, and the first portion comprises a first set of properties, and the second portion comprises a second set of properties different than the first set of properties. The first portion can comprise a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber and/or a depressed cladding, and the second portion can comprise a non-shifted optical fiber.

In some embodiments, the optical assembly comprises a lens. The lens can comprise a GRIN lens with a distal end, and the distal end can comprise a beam deflector. The lens can comprise a doping profile configured to provide a particular focus requirement and/or to allow polishing of a beam-deflecting surface directly into the lens while preserving intended optical function. The distal end can comprise a plated distal end. The distal end can comprise an aspherical distal end. The distal end can comprise a polished facet.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe comprises a proximal connector; and the retraction assembly comprises a pullback module and a linkage assembly; and the pullback module is configured to attach to the elongate shaft of the imaging probe and to retract the imaging probe. The system can further comprise a patient interface module configured to: attach to the proximal connector; attach to the linkage assembly; provide a retraction force to the pullback module via the linkage assembly; and rotate the rotatable optical core. The pullback module can comprise a first discrete component that can be positioned at a first location, and the patient interface module can further comprise a second discrete component that can be positioned at a second location that can be remote from the first location. The imaging probe can enter the patient at a vascular access site, and the first location can comprise a location proximate the vascular access site. The second location can be at least 15 cm remote from the first location. The first location can be within 30 cm of the vascular access site. The retraction assembly can comprise a linkage assembly including a sheath with a distal end, a puller, and a motive element, and the motive element can apply a pullback force to the puller via the linkage assembly to cause the puller to move proximally relative to the distal end of the sheath.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe comprises a proximal portion and a proximal connector within the proximal portion; and the system further comprises a connector module including a housing, a first connector, and a linkage, and the housing surrounds the proximal portion of the imaging probe, and the proximal connector is attached to the housing, and the linkage is attached to the elongate shaft of the imaging probe, and the first connector slidingly receives the linkage. The system can further comprise a patient interface module, including a second connector that attaches to the first connector and a third connector that attaches to the proximal connector, and the patient interface module retracts the linkage of the connector module, and the housing of the connector module surrounds the retracted portion of the imaging probe, and the patient interface module rotates the rotatable optical core.

In some embodiments, the rotation assembly rotates the optical assembly and the rotatable optical core in unison.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe comprises a proximal end including a connector, and the rotation assembly comprises a rotary joint that operably engages the connector, and the rotary joint rotates the rotatable optical core via the connector. The rotary joint can comprise an optical connector and a floating portion, and the floating portion can be configured to compensate for linear motion of the optical connector. The floating portion can be biased toward the optical connector. The floating portion can comprise a spring that provides the bias. The rotary joint can further comprise a rotary coupler and a fiber optic cable, and the rotary coupler can be connected to the floating portion via the fiber optic cable, and the fiber optic cable can be configured to buckle during the linear motion compensation by the floating portion. The rotary joint can further comprise a channel configured to limit buckling of the fiber optic cable, such as to achieve a rotationally balanced configuration. The channel can be configured to confine the buckling of the fiber optic cable to a single plane. The fiber optic cable can comprise a portion configured to accommodate the buckling, and the portion can comprise an S-shape. The channel can comprise an S-shape. The S-shape can comprise a radius configured to minimize light loss through the fiber optic cable.

In some embodiments, the retraction assembly comprises a connector assembly configured to attach to a reference point. The reference point can comprise a patient introduction device and/or a surgical table.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe further comprises a proximal end and a connector assembly positioned on the proximal end. The connector assembly can be configured to be operably attached to the rotation assembly. The connector assembly can include a fiber optic connector and one or more alignment components, and the one or more alignment components can be configured to maintain a rotational orientation of the fiber optic connector relative to the rotation assembly, and the rotational orientation can be maintained during attachment and detachment of the connector assembly to the rotation assembly. The system may not require additional alignment steps to maintain the rotational orientation. The connector assembly can comprise a rotating assembly operably attached to the rotatable optical core, and the rotation assembly can rotate the rotatable optical core via the rotating assembly of the connector assembly. The rotating assembly can comprise one or more projections and/or one or more reliefs, and the one or more projections and/or the one or more reliefs can be configured to rotationally balance the rotating assembly. The connector assembly can comprise an optical connector, and the optical connector can comprise a rotationally unbalanced optical connector. The rotating assembly can comprise a locking assembly configured to prevent rotation of the rotating assembly when the connector assembly is not attached to the rotation assembly. The locking assembly can include a rotational lock and a spring, and the rotational lock can lock to the rotating assembly via the spring. The rotating assembly can comprise one or more recesses, and the rotational lock can comprise one or more projections that mate with the one or more recesses.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe further comprises a viscous dampening material positioned between the elongate shaft and the optical assembly. The viscous dampening material can be further positioned between the elongate shaft and at least a portion of the rotatable optical core. The viscous dampening material can comprise a shear-thinning fluid. The viscous dampening material can comprise a static viscosity of at least 500 centipoise. The viscous dampening material can comprise a shear viscosity and a static viscosity, and the shear viscosity can be less than the static viscosity. The ratio of shear viscosity to static viscosity can be between 1:1.2 and 1:100. The imaging probe can further comprise: a lens; a sheath surrounding and extending beyond the lens; a sealing element positioned within the sheath distal to the lens and in contact with the viscous dampening fluid; and a chamber positioned between the lens and the sealing element. The sealing element can comprise a porous sealing element. The sealing element can be configured to prevent the viscous damping material from contacting the lens. The sealing element can be configured to allow pressure to equalize within the chamber. The sealing element can comprise a porous sealing element. The sealing element can comprise an opening. The chamber can be filled with a gas.

In some embodiments, the elongate shaft of the imaging probe comprises a proximal portion, and the imaging probe further comprises a torque shaft including a distal end and surrounding the proximal portion of the elongate shaft. The torque shaft can be configured to rotate in a single direction. The imaging probe can comprise a proximal end, and the torque shaft distal end can be positioned approximately 100 cm from the proximal end of the imaging probe. The torque shaft can be fixedly attached to the rotatable optical core. The rotatable optical core can comprise a proximal portion, and the imaging probe can comprise: a rotating alignment element positioned between the torque shaft and the rotatable optical core; an outer shaft surrounding the torque shaft and the proximal portion of the rotatable optical core; an intermediate shaft surrounding the rotatable optical core distal to the torque shaft; and a tube positioned between the outer shaft and the intermediate shaft; and the rotating alignment element and the tube form a rotary joint such that the torque shaft rotatably attaches to the intermediate shaft.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe further comprises a distal tip portion including a sealing element positioned within the elongate shaft at a location distal to the optical assembly. The distal tip portion can comprise a proximal end, and the optical assembly can include a lens, and the sealing element can comprise an angled proximal end that can be configured to reduce coupling of light between the lens of the optical assembly and the proximal end of the distal tip portion.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a compression relief assembly configured to prevent the imaging probe from exceeding a compression threshold, and the compression relief assembly comprises: a first shaft with a proximal end, a distal end, and a first lumen therebetween; a second shaft with a proximal end, a distal end, and a second lumen therebetween; a housing with a proximal end, a distal end, and an opening therebetween; and the distal end of the first shaft connects to the proximal end of the housing; and the proximal end of the second shaft connects to the distal end of the housing; and the imaging probe is configured to pass through the first lumen, through the opening, and into the second lumen; and the opening is sized to accommodate a buckling of a portion of the elongate shaft positioned within the opening when the imaging probe exceeds the compression threshold.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises an algorithm. The algorithm can adjust a retraction parameter of the system. The retraction parameter can comprise initiation of retraction, and the algorithm can initiate retraction based on a condition selected from the group consisting of: the lumen in which the optical assembly can be positioned has been flushed; an indicator signal can be received from a fluid injector device; a desired change in image data collected can be detected; and combinations of these. The algorithm can adjust a system parameter that can be related to the imaging probe. The imaging probe can include an ID that can be detectable by the system, and the system parameter can be adjusted based on the ID. The system parameter adjustment can comprise an arm path length parameter.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a fluid injector. The fluid injector can be configured to deliver a first fluid and a second fluid. The fluid injector can be configured to deliver the first fluid and the second fluid simultaneously and/or sequentially. The first fluid can comprise a contrast at a first concentration, and the second fluid can comprise a contrast at a second concentration that can be less than the first concentration. The second fluid can comprise no contrast.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a marker positioned proximate the distal portion of the elongate shaft.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a first delivery catheter constructed and arranged to slidingly receive the imaging probe, and the first delivery catheter is configured to access a body location in the patient selected from the group consisting of: an intracerebral location; an intracardiac location; and combinations of these. The imaging system can further comprise a second delivery catheter constructed and arranged to slidingly receive the first imaging catheter. The first delivery catheter can be further configured to slidingly receive a second device. The first delivery device can be configured to sequentially receive the imaging probe and the second device. The first delivery device can be configured to simultaneously receive the imaging probe and the second device. The second device can comprise a device selected from the group consisting of: a second imaging device; a treatment device; an implant delivery device; and combinations of these.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a light source configured to deliver light to the optical assembly.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a second imaging device. The second imaging device can be selected from the group consisting of: an X-ray; a fluoroscope such as a single plane or biplane fluoroscope; a CT Scanner; an MRI; a PET Scanner; an ultrasound imager; a rotational angiography imaging device; and combinations of these. The system can provide images based on both data provided by the imaging probe, as well as data provided by the second imaging device. The second imaging device can comprise a rotational angiography device.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises: two microcatheters; an intermediate catheter; and a treatment device. The intermediate catheter can be constructed and arranged to slidingly receive the two microcatheters in a side-by-side arrangement. The imaging probe can be advanced through the first microcatheter, and the treatment device can be advanced through the second microcatheter. The probe can be configured to perform a pullback imaging procedure prior to, during, and/or after treatment by the treatment device. The treatment device can comprise an implant delivery device. The implant delivery device can comprise a coil delivery device. The system can be configured to automatically deliver a flush medium during the pullback imaging procedure.

In some embodiments, the imaging probe comprises a spring tip including a distal end. The imaging probe can comprise a length configured to allow a clinician to position the optical assembly at a first location and subsequently perform a pullback imaging procedure, and the spring tip distal end can be positioned at or distal to the first location at the end of the pullback imaging procedure. The imaging probe can further comprise a marker positioned relative to the distal end of the spring tip distal, and the marker can provide information related to the position of the spring tip at the end of the pullback imaging procedure. The imaging probe can further comprise a marker positioned relative to the optical assembly, and the marker can provide information related to the position of the optical assembly at the end of the pullback imaging procedure. The spring tip can comprise a length of at least 35 mm, at least 50 mm, and/or at least 75 mm.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a microcatheter including a distal transparent window, and the microcatheter can be configured to slidingly receive the imaging probe. The optical assembly can remain within the transparent window during the pullback imaging procedure. The microcatheter can include a reinforced portion proximal to the transparent window.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises a bed rail mount for attaching the rotation assembly to a patient bed rail. The bed rail mount can comprise a jaw biased in a closed position. The jaw can be constructed and arranged to capture bed rails of various size. The bed rail mount can comprise a connector that rotatably connects to the rotation assembly. The connector can comprise a persistent frictional rotation resistance.

The technology described herein, along with the attributes and attendant advantages thereof, will best be appreciated and understood in view of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which representative embodiments are described by way of example.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an imaging system comprising an imaging probe and independent retraction and rotation assemblies, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic view of an imaging system comprising an imaging probe operably attachable to a patient interface module, and an independent pullback module operably attachable to the patient interface module and the imaging probe, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic view of an imaging system comprising an imaging probe operably attachable to a module comprising a first connector for attaching to a rotation motive element and a second connector for attaching to a retraction motive element, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view of an optical probe, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 2A illustrates a magnified view of transition T1, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 2B illustrates a magnified view of transitions T2 and T3, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 2C illustrates a magnified view of the distal portion of imaging probe 100, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a connector assembly, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 3A-D illustrate four assembly views of a connector assembly, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 3E-G illustrate a partial sectional view, a partially exploded view, and a perspective view of a connector assembly, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 4A-C illustrate two perspective views of connectors being attached to a patient interface module and a perspective view of a portion of the patient interface module with the outer casing removed, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective, partial cut away view of components of a patient interface module, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 5A-D illustrate perspective, partial cut away views of components of a patient interface module, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 6A-D illustrate schematic views of a locking mechanism, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 7A-C illustrate an exploded view, a perspective view, and a sectional view of a connector assembly, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 8A-C illustrate an exploded view, a perspective view, and an end view of a pullback housing, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of components of a patient interface module, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate perspective and partial sectional views of a connector assembly, respectively, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate perspective views of connectors being attached to a patient interface module, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 12 illustrates a side sectional anatomical view of a system including an imaging probe in a side-by-side arrangement with an implant delivery device, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate side sectional anatomic views of a system including an imaging probe including a position marker, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of a method of creating an image, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate schematic views of a system including an imaging probe, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

FIGS. 16A-C illustrate perspective, side, and front views, respectively, of a patient interface module attached to a bed rail mount, consistent with the present inventive concepts.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the technology, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Similar reference numbers may be used to refer to similar components. However, the description is not intended to limit the present disclosure to particular embodiments, and it should be construed as including various modifications, equivalents, and/or alternatives of the embodiments described herein.

It will be understood that the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be further understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various limitations, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these limitations, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one limitation, element, component, region, layer or section from another limitation, element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first limitation, element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second limitation, element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present application.

It will be further understood that when an element is referred to as being “on”, “attached”, “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly on or above, or connected or coupled to, the other element, or one or more intervening elements can be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on”, “directly attached”, “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g. “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.).

It will be further understood that when a first element is referred to as being “in”, “on” and/or “within” a second element, the first element can be positioned: within an internal space of the second element, within a portion of the second element (e.g. within a wall of the second element); positioned on an external and/or internal surface of the second element; and combinations of one or more of these.

As used herein, the term “proximate” shall include locations relatively close to, on, in and/or within a referenced component or other location.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like may be used to describe an element and/or feature's relationship to another element(s) and/or feature(s) as, for example, illustrated in the figures. It will be further understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use and/or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in a figure is turned over, elements described as “below” and/or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. The device can be otherwise oriented (e.g. rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terms “reduce”, “reducing”, “reduction” and the like, where used herein, are to include a reduction in a quantity, including a reduction to zero. Reducing the likelihood of an occurrence shall include prevention of the occurrence.

The term “and/or” where used herein is to be taken as specific disclosure of each of the two specified features or components with or without the other. For example, “A and/or B” is to be taken as specific disclosure of each of (i) A, (ii) B and (iii) A and B, just as if each is set out individually herein.

In this specification, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “and” can mean “or,” and “or” can mean “and.” For example, if a feature is described as having A, B, or C, the feature can have A, B, and C, or any combination of A, B, and C. Similarly, if a feature is described as having A, B, and C, the feature can have only one or two of A, B, or C.

The expression “configured (or set) to” used in the present disclosure may be used interchangeably with, for example, the expressions “suitable for”, “having the capacity to”, “designed to”, “adapted to”, “made to” and “capable of” according to a situation. The expression “configured (or set) to” does not mean only “specifically designed to” in hardware. Alternatively, in some situations, the expression “a device configured to” may mean that the device “can” operate together with another device or component.

As described herein, “room pressure” shall mean pressure of the environment surrounding the systems and devices of the present inventive concepts. Positive pressure includes pressure above room pressure or simply a pressure that is greater than another pressure, such as a positive differential pressure across a fluid pathway component such as a valve. Negative pressure includes pressure below room pressure or a pressure that is less than another pressure, such as a negative differential pressure across a fluid component pathway such as a valve. Negative pressure can include a vacuum but does not imply a pressure below a vacuum. As used herein, the term “vacuum” can be used to refer to a full or partial vacuum, or any negative pressure, as described hereabove.

The term “diameter” where used herein to describe a non-circular geometry is to be taken as the diameter of a hypothetical circle approximating the geometry being described. For example, when describing a cross section, such as the cross section of a component, the term “diameter” shall be taken to represent the diameter of a hypothetical circle with the same cross-sectional area as the cross section of the component being described.

The terms “major axis” and “minor axis” of a component where used herein are the length and diameter, respectively, of the smallest volume hypothetical cylinder which can completely surround the component.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. For example, it will be appreciated that all features set out in any of the claims (whether independent or dependent) can be combined in any given way.

It is to be understood that at least some of the figures and descriptions of the invention have been simplified to focus on elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the invention, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity, other elements that those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate may also comprise a portion of the invention. However, because such elements are well known in the art, and because they do not necessarily facilitate a better understanding of the invention, a description of such elements is not provided herein.

Terms defined in the present disclosure are only used for describing specific embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Terms provided in singular forms are intended to include plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. All of the terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meanings as those generally understood by an ordinary person skilled in the related art, unless otherwise defined herein. Terms defined in a generally used dictionary should be interpreted as having meanings that are the same as or similar to the contextual meanings of the relevant technology and should not be interpreted as having ideal or exaggerated meanings, unless expressly so defined herein. In some cases, terms defined in the present disclosure should not be interpreted to exclude the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Provided herein are systems for use in a patient to create an image of the patient's anatomy. The image can comprise a two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional image of the patient's anatomy, and it can further include an image of one or more devices positioned proximate the patient's anatomy being imaged. The systems include an imaging probe, a rotation assembly, and a retraction assembly. The imaging probe collects image data from a patient site and includes an elongate shaft with a proximal end and a distal portion, with a lumen extending therebetween. A rotatable optical core is positioned within the elongate shaft lumen and an optical assembly is positioned in the elongate shaft distal portion. The optical assembly directs light to tissue at the patient site and collects reflected light from the tissue. The rotation assembly connects to the imaging probe and rotates the optical assembly. The retraction assembly connects to the imaging probe and retracts the optical assembly and the elongate shaft in unison.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic view of an imaging system comprising an imaging probe and independent retraction and rotation assemblies is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Imaging system 10 is constructed and arranged to collect image data and produce one or more images based on the recorded data, such as when imaging system 10 comprises an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging system constructed and arranged to collect image data of an imaging location (e.g. a segment of a blood vessel, such as during a pullback procedure). Imaging system 10 comprises catheter-based probe, imaging probe 100, as well as a rotation assembly 500 and a retraction assembly 800, each of which can operably attach to imaging probe 100. Imaging system 10 can further comprise console 50 which is configured to operably connect to imaging probe 100, such as via rotation assembly 500 and/or retraction assembly 800. Imaging probe 100 can be introduced into a conduit of the patient, such as a blood vessel or other conduit of the patient, using one or more delivery catheters, for example delivery catheter 80 shown. Alternatively or additionally, imaging probe 100 can be introduced though an introducer device, such as an endoscope, arthroscope, balloon dilator, or the like. In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 is configured to be introduced into a conduit selected from the group consisting of: an artery; a vein; an artery within or proximate the heart; a vein within or proximate the heart; an artery within or proximate the brain; a vein within or proximate the brain; a peripheral artery; a peripheral vein; through a natural body orifice into a conduit, such as the esophagus; through a surgically created orifice into a body cavity, such as the abdomen; and combinations of these. Imaging system 10 can further comprise one or more (additional) imaging devices, such as second imaging device 15 shown. Imaging system 10 can further comprise a device configured to treat the patient, treatment device 16. Imaging system 10 can further comprise a fluid injector, such as injector 20, which can be configured to inject one or more fluids, such as a flushing fluid, an imaging contrast agent (e.g. a radiopaque contrast agent, hereinafter “contrast”) and/or other fluid, such as injectate 21 shown. Imaging system 10 can further comprise an implant, such as implant 31, which can be implanted in the patient via a delivery device, such as an implant delivery device 30 and/or delivery catheter 80.

In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 and/or another component of imaging system 10 can be of similar construction and arrangement to the similar components described in applicants co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/566,041, titled “Micro-Optic Probes for Neurology”, filed Oct. 12, 2017; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Imaging probe 100 can be constructed and arranged to collect image data from a patient site, such as an intravascular cardiac site, an intracranial site, or other site accessible via the vasculature of the patient. In some embodiments, imaging system 10 can be of similar construction and arrangement to the similar systems and their methods of use described in applicants co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/751,570, titled “Imaging System includes Imaging Probe and Delivery Devices”, filed Feb. 9, 2018; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Delivery catheter 80 comprises an elongate shaft, shaft 81, with a lumen therethrough, and a connector 82 positioned on its proximal end. Connector 82 can comprise a Touhy or valved connector, such as a valved connector configured to prevent fluid egress from the associated delivery catheter 80 (with and/or without a separate shaft positioned within the connector 82). Connector 82 can comprise a port 83, such as a port constructed and arranged to allow introduction of fluid into delivery catheter 80 and/or for removing fluids from delivery catheter 80. In some embodiments, a flushing fluid, as described herebelow, is introduced via one or more ports 83, such as to remove blood and/or other undesired material from locations proximate optical assembly 115 (e.g. from a location proximal to optical assembly 115 to a location distal to optical assembly 115). Port 83 can be positioned on a side of connector 82 and can include a luer fitting and a cap and/or valve. Shafts 81, connectors 82, and ports 83 can each comprise standard materials and be of similar construction to commercially available introducers, guide catheters, diagnostic catheters, intermediate catheters and microcatheters used in interventional procedures. Delivery catheter 80 can comprise a catheter configured to deliver imaging probe 100 to an intracerebral location, an intracardiac location, and/or another location within a patient.

Imaging system 10 can comprise two or more delivery catheters 80, such as three or more delivery catheters 80. Multiple delivery catheters 80 can comprise at least a vascular introducer, and other delivery catheters 80 that can be inserted into the patient therethrough, after the vascular introducer is positioned through the skin of the patient. Two or more delivery catheters 80 can collectively comprise sets of inner diameters (IDs) and outer diameters (ODs) such that a first delivery catheter 80 slidingly receives a second delivery catheter 80 (e.g. the second delivery catheter OD is less than or equal to the first delivery catheter ID), and the second delivery catheter 80 slidingly receives a third delivery catheter 80 (e.g. the third delivery catheter OD is less than or equal to the second delivery catheter ID), and so on. In these configurations, the first delivery catheter 80 can be advanced to a first anatomical location, the second delivery catheter 80 can be advanced through the first delivery catheter to a second anatomical location distal or otherwise remote (hereinafter “distal”) to the first anatomical location, and so on as appropriate, using sequentially smaller diameter delivery catheters 80. In some embodiments, one or more delivery catheters are configured to deliver (e.g. sequentially and/or simultaneously deliver) both imaging probe 100 and a second device (e.g. a second catheter-based device), such as another delivery catheter 80, a second imaging device (e.g. second imaging device 15), a treatment device (e.g. treatment device 16), and/or a coil, stent, and/or other implant delivery device (e.g. implant delivery device 30). In some embodiments, delivery catheters 80 can be of similar construction and arrangement to the similar components described in applicants co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/751,570, titled “Imaging System includes Imaging Probe and Delivery Devices”, filed Feb. 9, 2018; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Imaging probe 100 comprises an elongate body, comprising one or more elongate shafts and/or tubes, elongate shaft 120 herein. Shaft 120 comprises a proximal end 1201, distal end 1209, and a lumen 1205 extending therebetween. In some embodiments, lumen 1205 includes multiple coaxial lumens within the one or more elongate shafts 120, such as one or more lumens abutting each other to define a single lumen 1205. Shaft 120 further comprises a distal portion 1208. Shaft 120 construction is described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 2 and 2A-C. Shaft 120 operably surrounds a rotatable optical fiber, optical core 110 (e.g. optical core 110 is positioned within lumen 1205), comprising a proximal end 1101 and a distal end 1109. An optical assembly, optical assembly 115, is positioned on the distal end 1109 of optical core 110. A connector assembly, connector assembly 150, is positioned on the proximal end of shaft 120. Connector assembly 150 operably attaches imaging probe 100 to rotation assembly 500, as described herein. Connector assembly 150 surrounds and operably attaches to an optical connector 161, fixedly attached to the proximal end of optical core 110. In some embodiments, connector assembly 150, including optical connector 161, can be of similar construction and arrangement to those described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 3 and 3A-G. A second connector, pullback connector 180, is positioned on shaft 120. Connector 180 can be removably attached and/or adjustably positioned along the length of shaft 120. Connector 180 can be positioned along shaft 120, such as by an operator, proximate the proximal end of delivery catheter 80 after imaging probe 100 has been inserted into a patient via delivery catheter 80. Shaft 120 can comprise a portion between connector assembly 150 and the placement location of connector 180 that accommodates slack in shaft 120, a proximal portion of shaft 120 (e.g. a proximal portion of imaging probe 100), service loop 185.

Imaging probe 100 can comprise one or more visualizable markers along its length (e.g. along shaft 120), markers 131a-b shown (marker 131 herein). Marker 131 can comprise markers selected from the group consisting of: radiopaque markers; ultrasonically reflective markers; magnetic markers; ferrous material; and combinations of these. In some embodiments, marker 131 comprises a marker positioned at a location (e.g. a location within and/or at least proximate distal portion 1208) to assist an operator of imaging system 10 in performing a pullback procedure, such as to cause tip 119 to be positioned at a location distal to the proximal end of an implant after the pullback is completed (e.g. so that imaging probe 100 can be safely advanced through the implant after the pullback).

Rotation assembly 500 comprises a connector assembly 510, operably attached to a rotary joint 550. Rotation assembly 500 further comprises a motor or other rotational energy source, motive element 530. Motive element 530 is operably attached to rotary joint 550 via a linkage assembly 540. In some embodiments, linkage assembly 540 comprises one or more gears, belts, pulleys, or other force transfer mechanisms, such as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 5A-D. Motive element 530 can drive (e.g. rotate via linkage assembly 540) rotary joint 550 (and in turn core 110) at speeds of at least 100 rotations per second, such as at least 200 rotations per second or 250 rotations per second, or between 20 rotations per second and 1000 rotations per second. Motive element 530 can comprise a mechanism selected from the group consisting of: a motor; a servo; a stepper motor (e.g. a stepper motor including a gear box); a linear actuator; a hollow core motor; and combinations of these.

Connector assembly 510 operably attaches to connector assembly 150 of imaging probe 100, allowing optical connector 161 to operably engage rotary joint 550. In some embodiments, connector assembly 510 operably engages connector assembly 150, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 5A-D. In some embodiments, connector assembly 510 operably engages connector assembly 150 such that rotary joint 550 and optical connector 161 are free to rotate within the engaged assemblies.

Retraction assembly 800 comprises a connector assembly 820, that operably attaches to a reference point, for example connector 82 of delivery catheter 80, such as to establish a reference for retraction assembly 800 relative to the patient. Connector assembly 820 can attach to a reference point such as a patient introduction device, surgical table, and/or another fixed or semi-fixed point of reference. A retraction element, puller 850, releasably attaches to connector 180 of imaging probe 100, such as via a carrier 855. Retraction assembly 800 retracts at least a portion of imaging probe 100 (e.g. the portion of imaging probe 100 distal to the attached connector 180), relative to the established reference. Service loop 185 of imaging probe 100 can be positioned between retraction assembly 800 and/or at least connector assembly 820, and rotation assembly 500, such that imaging probe 100 can be retracted relative to the patient while rotation assembly 500 remains stationary (e.g. attached to the surgical table and/or to a portion of console 50).

Retraction assembly 800 further comprises a linear drive, motive element 830. In some embodiments, motive element 830 comprises a linear actuator, a worm drive operably attached to a motor, a pulley system, and/or other linear force transfer mechanisms. In some embodiments, motive element 830 can be of similar construction and arrangement to motive element 830 described herebelow in reference to FIG. 9. Puller 850 can be operably attached to motive element 830 via a linkage assembly 890. In some embodiments, linkage assembly 890 comprises one or more components of a “pullback assembly”, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 1A, 7A-C and 8A-C. Alternatively or additionally, linkage assembly 890 can comprise one or more components of an enclosed pullback connector, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 1B and 10A-B. One or more components of linkage assembly 890 can establish a frame of reference (e.g. an internal pullback reference) between puller 850 and the motive element 830, such that motive element 830 applies a pullback force to puller 850 via linkage assembly 890, and puller 850 retracts relative to the distal portion of linkage assembly 890 (e.g. relative to the distal end of sheath 895), as described herebelow. In some embodiments, the distal end of linkage assembly 890 and connector assembly 820 are fixed relative to each other, and puller 850 translates linearly between the two in reaction to a force applied from motive element 830.

Console 50 comprises an imaging assembly 300, a user interface 55, and one or more algorithms 51. Imaging assembly 300 can be configured to provide light to optical assembly 115 (e.g. via optical core 110) and collect light from optical assembly 115 (e.g. via optical core 110). Imaging assembly 300 can include a light source 310 configured to provide the light to optical assembly 115. Light source 310 can comprise one or more light sources, such as one or more light sources configured to provide one or more wavelengths of light to optical assembly 115 via optical core 110. Light source 310 is configured to provide light to optical assembly 115 (e.g. via optical core 110) such that image data can be collected (e.g. reflected light is collected by an opto-electronic module of optical assembly 115 that is configured to collect and analyze light returned from optical assembly 115). The collected image data can comprise cross-sectional, longitudinal and/or volumetric information related to a patient site and/or implanted device being imaged. Light source 310 can be configured to provide light such that the image data collected includes characteristics of tissue within the patient site being imaged, such as to quantify, qualify or otherwise provide information related to a patient disease or disorder present within the patient site being imaged. Light source 310 can be configured to deliver broadband light and have a center wavelength in the range from 800 nm to 1700 nm, such as from 1280 nm and 1310 nm, or such as approximately 1300 nm (e.g. light delivered with a sweep range from 1250 nm to 1350 nm). The light source 310 bandwidth can be selected to achieve a desired resolution, which can vary according to the needs of the intended use of imaging system 10. In some embodiments, bandwidths are about 5% to 15% of the center wavelength, which allows resolutions of between 20 microns and 5 microns. Light source 310 can be configured to deliver light at a power level meeting ANSI Class 1 (“eye safe”) limits; higher power levels can be employed. In some embodiments, light source 310 delivers light in the 1.3 μm band at a power level of approximately 20 mW. Tissue light scattering is reduced as the center wavelength of delivered light increases, and water absorption increases. Light source 310 can deliver light at a wavelength approximating 1300 nm to balance these two effects. Light source 310 can be configured to deliver shorter wavelength light (e.g. approximately 800 nm light) to traverse patient sites to be imaged including large amounts of fluid. Alternatively or additionally, light source 310 can be configured to deliver longer wavelengths of light (e.g. approximately 1700 nm light), such as to reduce a high level of scattering within a patient site to be imaged. In some embodiments, light source 310 comprises a tunable light source (e.g. light source 310 emits a single wavelength that changes repetitively over time), and/or a broad-band light source. Light source 310 can comprise a single spatial mode light source or a multimode light source (e.g. a multimode light source with spatial filtering).

Console 50 can comprise an algorithm, such as algorithm 51 shown, which can be configured to adjust (e.g. automatically and/or semi-automatically adjust) one or more operational parameters of imaging system 10, such as an operational parameter of console 50, imaging probe 100 and/or a delivery catheter 80. Alternatively or additionally, algorithm 51 can be configured to adjust an operational parameter of a separate device, such as injector 20 or implant delivery device 30 described herebelow. In some embodiments, algorithm 51 is configured to adjust an operational parameter based on one or more sensor signals, such as a sensor signal provided by a sensor-based functional element of the present inventive concepts, as described herein. Algorithm 51 can be configured to adjust an operational parameter selected from the group consisting of: a rotational parameter such as rotational velocity of optical core 110 and/or optical assembly 115; a retraction parameter of shaft 120 and/or optical assembly 115, such as retraction velocity, distance, start position, end position and/or retraction initiation timing (e.g. when retraction is initiated); a position parameter, such as position of optical assembly 115; a line spacing parameter, such as lines per frame; an image display parameter, such as a scaling of display size to vessel diameter; an imaging probe 100 configuration parameter; an injectate 21 parameter, such as a saline to contrast ratio configured to determine an appropriate index of refraction; a light source 310 parameter, such as power delivered and/or frequency of light delivered; and combinations of these. In some embodiments, algorithm 51 is configured to adjust a retraction parameter, such as a parameter triggering the initiation of the pullback, such as a pullback that is initiated based on a parameter selected from the group consisting of: lumen flushing (the lumen proximate optical assembly 115 has been sufficiently cleared of blood or other matter that would interfere with image creation); an indicator signal is received from injector 20 (e.g. a signal indicating sufficient flushing fluid has been delivered); a change in image data collected (e.g. a change in an image is detected, based on the image data collected, that correlates to proper evacuation of blood from around optical assembly 115); and combinations of these. In some embodiments, algorithm 51 is configured to adjust an imaging system 10 configuration parameter related to imaging probe 100, such as when algorithm 51 identifies (e.g. automatically identifies via an RF or other embedded ID) the attached imaging probe 100 and adjusts an imaging system 10 parameter, such as an arm path length parameter, a dispersion parameter, and/or other parameter as listed above.

Imaging system 10 can comprise one or more interconnect cables, bus 58 shown. Bus 58 can operably connect rotation assembly 500 to console 50, retraction assembly 800 to console 50, and or rotation assembly 500 to retraction assembly 800. Bus 58 can comprise one or more optical transmission fibers, electrical transmission cables, fluid conduits, and combinations of these. In some embodiments, bus 58 comprises at least an optical transmission fiber that optically couples rotary joint 550 to imaging assembly 300 of console 50. Alternatively or additionally, bus 58 comprises at least power and/or data transmission cables that transfer power and/or motive information to one or more of motive elements 530 and 830.

Second imaging device 15 can comprise an imaging device such as one or more imaging devices selected from the group consisting of: an X-ray; a fluoroscope, such as a single plane or biplane fluoroscope; a CT Scanner; an MRI; a PET Scanner; an ultrasound imager; and combinations of these. In some embodiments, a clinician uses images provided by imaging device 15 in combination with images provided by probe 100. In some embodiments, system 10 provides image processing to combine images provided by probe 100 and images provided by second imaging device 15 (e.g. co-register and/or digitally combined images based on data provided by probe 100 and device 15). In some embodiments, second imaging device 15 comprises a device configured to perform rotational angiography. In these embodiments, system 10 can provide combined images including rotational angiography images and probe 100 derived images.

Treatment device 16 can comprise an occlusion treatment device or other treatment device selected from the group consisting of: a balloon catheter constructed and arranged to dilate a stenosis or other narrowing of a blood vessel; a drug eluting balloon; an aspiration catheter; a sonolysis device; an atherectomy device; a thrombus removal device such as a stent retriever device; a Trevo™ stentriever; a Solitaire™ stentriever; a Revive™ stentriever; an Eric™ stentriever; a Lazarus™ stentriever; a stent delivery catheter; a microbraid implant; an embolization system; a WEB™ embolization system; a Luna™ embolization system; a Medina™ embolization system; and combinations of these. In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 is configured to collect data related to treatment device 16 (e.g. treatment device 16 location, orientation, and/or other configuration data), after treatment device 16 has been inserted into the patient.

Injector 20 can comprise a power injector, syringe pump, peristaltic pump or other fluid delivery device configured to inject a contrast agent, such as radiopaque contrast, and/or other fluids. In some embodiments, injector 20 is configured to deliver contrast and/or other fluid (e.g. contrast, saline and/or Dextran). In some embodiments, injector 20 delivers fluid in a flushing procedure as described herebelow. In some embodiments, injector 20 delivers contrast or other fluid through a delivery catheter 80 with an ID of between 5 Fr and 9 Fr, a delivery catheter 80 with an ID of between 0.53″ to 0.70″, or a delivery catheter 80 with an ID between 0.0165″ and 0.027″. In some embodiments, contrast or other fluid is delivered through a delivery catheter as small as 4 Fr (e.g. for distal injections). In some embodiments, injector 20 delivers contrast and/or other fluid through the lumen of one or more delivery catheters 80, while one or more smaller delivery catheters 80 also reside within the lumen. In some embodiments, injector 20 is configured to deliver two dissimilar fluids simultaneously and/or sequentially, such as a first fluid delivered from a first reservoir and comprising a first concentration of contrast, and a second fluid from a second reservoir and comprising less or no contrast.

Injectate 21 can comprise fluid selected from the group consisting of: optically transparent material; saline; visualizable material; contrast; Dextran; an ultrasonically reflective material; a magnetic material; and combinations of these. Injectate 21 can comprise contrast and saline. Injectate 21 can comprise at least 20% contrast. During collection of image data, a flushing procedure can be performed, such as by delivering one or more fluids, injectate 21 (e.g. as propelled by injector 20 or other fluid delivery device), to remove blood or other somewhat opaque material (hereinafter non-transparent material) proximate optical assembly 115 (e.g. to remove non-transparent material between optical assembly 115 and a delivery catheter and/or non-transparent material between optical assembly 115 and a vessel wall), such as to allow light distributed from optical assembly 115 to reach and reflectively return from all tissue and other objects to be imaged. In these flushing embodiments, injectate 21 can comprise an optically transparent material, such as saline. Injectate 21 can comprise one or more visualizable materials, as described herebelow.

As an alternative or in addition to its use in a flushing procedure, injectate 21 can comprise material configured to be viewed by second imaging device 15, such as when injectate 21 comprises a contrast material configured to be viewed by a second imaging device 15 comprising a fluoroscope or other X-ray device; an ultrasonically reflective material configured to be viewed by a second imaging device 15 comprising an ultrasound imager; and/or a magnetic material configured to be viewed by a second imaging device 15 comprising an MRI.

Implant 31 can comprise an implant (e.g. a temporary or chronic implant) for treating one or more of a vascular occlusion or an aneurysm. In some embodiments, implant 31 comprises one or more implants selected from the group consisting of: a flow diverter; a Pipeline™ flow diverter; a Surpass™ flow diverter; an embolization coil; a stent; a Wingspan™ stent; a covered stent; an aneurysm treatment implant; and combinations of these.

Implant delivery device 30 can comprise a catheter or other tool used to deliver implant 31, such as when implant 31 comprises a self-expanding or balloon expandable portion. In some embodiments, imaging system 10 comprises imaging probe 100, one or more implants 31 and/or one or more implant delivery devices 30. In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 is configured to collect data related to implant 31 and/or implant delivery device 30 (e.g. implant 31 and/or implant delivery device 30 anatomical location, orientation and/or other configuration data), after implant 31 and/or implant delivery device 30 has been inserted into the patient, such as is described in reference to FIG. 12 herebelow.

In some embodiments, one or more system components, such as console 50, delivery catheter 80, imaging probe 100, rotation assembly 500, retraction assembly 800, treatment device 16, injector 20, and/or implant delivery device 30, further comprise one or more functional elements (“functional element” herein), such as functional elements 59, 89, 199, 599, 899, 99a, 99b, and/or 99c, respectively, shown. Each functional element can comprise at least two functional elements. Each functional element can comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: sensor; transducer; and combinations of these. The functional element can comprise a sensor configured to produce a signal. The functional element can comprise a sensor selected from the group consisting of: a physiologic sensor; a pressure sensor; a strain gauge; a position sensor; a GPS sensor; an accelerometer; a temperature sensor; a magnetic sensor; a chemical sensor; a biochemical sensor; a protein sensor; a flow sensor, such as an ultrasonic flow sensor; a gas detecting sensor, such as an ultrasonic bubble detector; a sound sensor, such as an ultrasound sensor; and combinations of these. The sensor can comprise a physiologic sensor selected from the group consisting of: a pressure sensor, such as a blood pressure sensor; a blood gas sensor; a flow sensor, such as a blood flow sensor; a temperature sensor, such as a blood or other tissue temperature sensor; and combinations of these. The sensor can comprise a position sensor configured to produce a signal related to a vessel path geometry (e.g. a 2D or 3D vessel path geometry). The sensor can comprise a magnetic sensor. The sensor can comprise a flow sensor. The system can further comprise an algorithm configured to process the signal produced by the sensor-based functional element. Each functional element can comprise one or more transducers. Each functional element can comprise one or more transducers selected from the group consisting of: a heating element, such as a heating element configured to deliver sufficient heat to ablate tissue; a cooling element, such as a cooling element configured to deliver cryogenic energy to ablate tissue; a sound transducer, such as an ultrasound transducer; a vibrational transducer; and combinations of these.

As described herein, retraction assembly 800 and rotation assembly 500 can be constructed and arranged to independently perform a retraction operation and a rotation operation, respectively. For example, retraction assembly 800 can be configured to independently retract at least a portion of imaging probe 100, with or without simultaneous rotation of optical core 110. Rotation assembly 500 can be configured to independently rotate optical core 110, with or without simultaneous retraction of probe 100. Additionally or alternatively, retraction assembly 800 and rotation assembly 500 can comprise separate (discrete) components that can be positioned independently. For example, retraction assembly 800 can be constructed and arranged such that it imparts no tensile forces and/or other forces, on rotation assembly 500 (e.g. retraction assembly 800 does not cause nor require rotation assembly 500 to retract or otherwise move during retraction of probe 100). Alternatively or additionally, rotation assembly 500 can be constructed and arranged such that it imparts no rotational forces and/or other forces, on retraction assembly 800 (e.g. rotation assembly 500 does not cause nor require retraction assembly 800 to rotate or otherwise move during rotation of optical core 110).

Referring now to FIG. 1A, a schematic view of an imaging system is illustrated, the system comprising an imaging probe operably attachable to a patient interface module, and an independent pullback module operably attachable to the patient interface module and the imaging probe, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Imaging system 10 can comprise a patient interface module 200. Patient interface module 200 comprises a housing, housing 201, surrounding at least a portion of rotation assembly 500, and at least a portion of retraction assembly 800. Imaging system 10 can further comprise a second, discrete component, pullback module 880. Pullback module 880 comprises a housing, housing 881, surrounding at least a portion of retraction assembly 800. Pullback module 880 and patient interface module 200 can be operably attached to each other via a connector assembly, linkage assembly 890 described herein. Pullback module 880 and patient interface module 200 can be constructed and arranged (e.g. via each having a separate housing) to enable positioning at different locations (e.g. linkage assembly 890 connecting modules 880 and 200 can comprise a length of at least 15 cm such that the two remote locations can be at least 15 cm apart). For example, patient interface module 200 can be positioned on or near a surgical bed rail, and pullback module 880 can be positioned near a vascular access site of the patient (e.g. within 30 cm of the vascular access site thru which imaging probe 100 enters the patient). Linkage assembly 890 can comprise a linkage 891 slidingly received within sheath 895. Linkage 891 is operably attached to puller 850, and the proximal end 893 of linkage 891 can comprise a connection point, 842. Components shown in FIG. 1A can be of similar construction and arrangement to like components described in FIG. 1 hereabove, and elsewhere herein.

Pullback module 880 and its associated components can be of similar construction and arrangement to pullback module 880 described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 7A-8C. Housing 881 and its associated components can be of similar construction and arrangement to housing 881 described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 8A-C. Connector assembly 845 and its associated components can be of similar construction and arrangement to connector assembly 845 described herebelow in reference to FIG. 7A-B. Pullback module 880 can comprise a connector assembly 820b that operably attaches to connector 82 of delivery catheter 80, such as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 8A-C. Connector assembly 845 can comprise a connector 840 that operably attaches to a connector assembly 820a of patient interface module 200, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 4A-C. Imaging probe 100 can comprise a connector assembly 150 that operably attaches to a connector assembly 510 of patient interface module 200, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 4A-C.

Referring now to FIG. 1B, a schematic view of an imaging system is illustrated, the system comprising an imaging probe operably attachable to a module comprising a first connector for attaching to a rotation motive element and a second connector for attaching to a retraction motive element, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Imaging system 10 can comprise a patient interface module 200, as described herein. Imaging system 10 can further comprise a connector module, module 410. Module 410 comprises a housing, housing 411, surrounding at least a portion of retraction assembly 800, service loop 185 of imaging probe 100, connector assembly 150′, and connector 840′. Module 410 can be configured to operably attach both imaging probe 100 and a linkage, puller 850′, to patient interface module 200, and can be of similar construction and arrangement to module 410 and its associated components (e.g. delivery catheter 480 which includes window 485) described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 10A-B. Components shown in FIG. 1B can be of similar construction and arrangement to like components described in FIG. 1 hereabove, and elsewhere herein.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a schematic view of an optical probe is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Imaging probe 100 can comprise an elongate body, including one or more elongate shafts along its length, surrounding optical core 110, for example a rotatable core comprising an optical fiber, which is configured to transmit light. Collectively, the one or more elongate shafts may be referred to herein as shaft 120. Optical core 110 can comprise a non-zero dispersion shifted (NZDS) fiber, for example a fiber in which the dispersion of the fiber is shifted away from a natural dispersion zero of approximately 1300 nm. In these embodiments, imaging system 10 can operate such that the system uses optically matched dispersion where the total dispersion of optical components within console 50 matches the optical core 110 (e.g. a NZDS fiber) dispersion in the desired wavelength operation range. Alternatively or additionally, algorithm 51 can detect and numerically correct any dispersion mismatches between console 50 and optical core 110. Optical core 110 can comprise a fiber with a pure silica core, and a low index, or “depressed”, cladding. Optical core 110 can comprise a low bend loss fiber, such as less than 5% transmission loss at a minimum radius of less than or equal to 6 mm, and/or less than 30% transmission loss at a minimum radius of less than or equal to 3 mm. Optical core 110 can also comprise a radiation resistant fiber, capable of maintaining its optical transmission properties after radiation exposure, such as exposure from a radiation-based sterilization process. In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 is sterilized using E-beam sterilization. In these embodiments, materials used in optical core 110 can be selected that are compatible with (e.g. not damaged by) E-beam sterilization. For example, optical core 110 can comprise an acrylate coating which is compatible with E-beam sterilization. Optical core 110 can comprise a single mode fiber similar to those used in telecommunication applications. Optical core 110 can comprise a diameter (e.g. a diameter including cladding) of less than 130 microns, such as a diameter less than 85 microns, such as diameter of approximately 80 microns. In some embodiments, optical core 110 comprises at least a first portion comprising an NZDS fiber and/or a depressed cladding optical fiber, and at least a second portion comprising an optical fiber comprising differing optical properties (e.g. a non-shifted optical fiber). Optical core 110 can comprise an optical fiber with an outer diameter (e.g. including cladding) of less than or equal to 120 microns, such as less than or equal to 80 microns. In some embodiments, optical core 110 comprises a silica core with a diameter of approximately 6 μm, with a circumferential cladding with a thickness of approximately 37 μm, and a circumferential polyimide and/or acrylate coating, such as a coating with a thickness of approximately 10 μm.

Connector assembly 150 is positioned at a proximal portion of imaging probe 100 (e.g. a proximal portion of imaging probe 100 terminates at connector assembly 150), and optical core 110 is operably attached to fiber optic connector 161 of connector assembly 150. A rotatable first shaft, torque shaft 105, surrounds a proximal portion of optical core 110, and extends from connector assembly 150 distally to a first shaft transition point T₁. An outer second shaft, outer shaft 101, surrounds torque shaft 105 and a proximal portion of optical core 110, and extends from connector assembly 150, distally to the first shaft transition point T₁. Torque shaft 105 can comprise a length of approximately 100 cm, such as when imaging probe 100 comprises a length of approximately 300 cm. As described herebelow in reference to FIG. 2A, one or more components (e.g. intermediate shafts) can be used to operably connect, join, align, or otherwise transition from outer shaft 101 to an intermediate third shaft, shaft 125. Shaft 125 extends distally from the first transition point T₁, past a second transition point T₂, to a third transition point T₃. In some embodiments, shaft 125 comprises a segment configured to have a greater flexibility than the remainder of shaft 125, such as a segment including a spiral cut or other flexibility-enhancing feature, segment 127 shown. Segment 127 extends from the second transition point T₂distally to the third transition point T₃. In some embodiments, segment 127 comprises a braided or other flexible construction.

As described herebelow in reference to FIG. 2B, one or more components (e.g. an outer shaft or covering) can surround segment 127, such as to prevent fluid ingress into shaft 125 via segment 127. Also described in reference to FIG. 2B, one or more components (e.g. intermediate shafts) can be used to operably connect, join, align, or otherwise transition from shaft 125 to a distal fourth shaft, window 130. Window 130 extends distally, from the third transition point T₃to the distal end of imaging probe 100. Window 130 can comprise a length D3. D3 can comprise a length greater than 225 mm and/or less than 450 mm, such as a length of 250 mm.

In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 includes a viscous dampening material, gel 118, injected (or otherwise installed in a manufacturing process) into the distal portion of window 130. Gel 118 can comprise a non-Newtonian fluid, for example a sheer thinning fluid. In some embodiments, gel 118 comprises a static viscosity of greater than 500 centipoise, and a sheer viscosity of less than the static viscosity. In these embodiments, the ratio of static viscosity to sheer viscosity of gel 118 can be between 1.2:1 and 100:1. Gel 118 surrounds the distal portion of optical core 110, including optical assembly 115. In some embodiments, gel 118 is installed a distance D2 into window 130 (e.g. D2 represents the distance between the proximal end of gel 118 and the distal end of gel 118 within window 130). In some embodiments, D2 comprises a length greater than 175 mm and/or less than 400 mm, such as a length of 200 mm. Gel 118 can comprise a gel as described in reference to applicants co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/566,041, titled “Micro-Optic Probes for Neurology”, filed Oct. 12, 2017, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Imaging probe 100 can include a distal tip portion, distal tip 119. In some embodiments, distal tip 119 comprises a spring tip, configured to improve the “navigability” of imaging probe 100 (e.g. to improve “trackability” and/or “steerability” of imaging probe 100), for example within a tortuous pathway. In some embodiments, tip 119 comprises a length of between 5 mm and 100 mm. Alternatively or additionally, tip 119 can comprise a cap or plug, configured to seal the distal opening of window 130. In some embodiments, tip 119 comprises a radiopaque marker, configured to increase the visibility of imaging probe 100 under an X-ray or fluoroscope. In some embodiments, tip 119 comprises a “rapid exchange” type tip.

In some embodiments, at least the distal portion of imaging probe 100 (e.g. the distal portion of shaft 120) comprises an outer diameter of no more than 0.020″, or no more than 0.016″.

In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 can be constructed and arranged for use in an intravascular neural procedure (e.g. a procedure in which the blood, vasculature and other tissue proximate the brain are visualized, and/or devices positioned temporarily or permanently proximate the brain are visualized). The dimensions of imaging probe 100 for use in a neural procedure can be as follows. Imaging probe 100 can comprise an overall length L1 of approximately 300 cm. Outer shaft 101 can extend a length D5 of approximately 100 cm from connector assembly 150 to transition T₁. In some embodiments, D5 comprises a length greater than 10 cm and/or less than 150 cm. From transition T1 to T2, length D6 can comprise a length of approximately 175 cm. D6 can comprise a length of greater than 1250 mm and/or less than 2000 mm, such as a length of 1525 mm. Between transition T2 and T3, length D4 (the length of segment 127) can comprise a length of greater than 10 mm and/or less than 50 mm, such as a length of 25 mm.

Alternatively or additionally, imaging probe 100 can be constructed and arranged for use in an intravascular cardiac procedure (e.g. a procedure in which the blood, vasculature, and other tissue proximate the heart are visualized, and/or devices positioned temporarily or permanently proximate the heart are visualized). The dimensions of imaging probe 100 for use in a cardiovascular procedure can be as follows. Imaging probe 100 can comprise an overall length L1 of at least 220 cm, such as an overall length L1 of approximately 280 cm. In some embodiments, L1 comprises a length greater than 2600 mm and/or less than 3200 mm. Outer shaft 101 can extend a length D5 of approximately 100 cm from connector assembly 150 to transition T₁. From transition T1 to T2, length D6 can comprise a length of approximately 155 cm. Between transition T2 and T3, length D4 (the length of segment 127) can comprise a length of approximately 10 mm. In some embodiments, D4 comprises a length of greater than 10 mm and/or less than 50 mm.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, a magnified view of Section 1 of FIG. 2 is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Section 1 details transition T1 of imaging probe 100. The following describes a set of components constructed and arranged to transition shaft 120 from a first diameter shaft, outer shaft 101, that surrounds torque shaft 105, to a smaller diameter shaft, intermediate shaft 125, that surrounds optical core 110 after torque shaft 105 terminates. Outer shaft 101 can comprise a greater stiffness than shaft 125, a different material, and/or other varied physical properties. The components described also operably attach the distal end of torque shaft 105 to optical core 110, as described herebelow. Alternatively, various other components can be implemented to achieve the transition T1. Optical core 110 can comprise a coating 111. Coating 111 can comprise a cladding, such as an optical cladding known to those skilled in the art of optical design, a protective coating such as a polyimide coating, and/or combinations of these.

Torque shaft 105, which surrounds optical core 110, terminates at T1, approximately 100 cm from the proximal end of imaging probe 100. Torque shaft 105 is configured to rotate within outer shaft 101, and is fixedly attached to optical core 110, such as to transfer rotational force between the two. In some embodiments, torque shaft 105 is constructed and arranged to rotate in a single direction (unidirectionally). Alternatively, torque shaft 105 can be constructed and arranged to rotate in either direction (bidirectionally). A rotating alignment element, tube 106, is positioned between the distal portion of torque shaft 105 and optical core 110, (e.g. slidingly receives optical core 110 and is slidingly received by torque shaft 105). Tube 106 extends beyond the distal end of torque shaft 105. A bond 107, for example a bond comprising an epoxy or UV glue, fixedly attaches tube 106 to optical core 110 and/or torque shaft 105. Alternatively or additionally, a press or other frictional bond fixedly attaches tube 106 to optical core 110 and/or torque shaft 105. An intermediate “transition” tube, tube 122, is positioned between outer shaft 101 and shaft 125, as shown. Tube 122 is slidingly received within a distal portion of outer shaft 101, and the proximal portion of shaft 125 is slidingly received within the distal portion of tube 122 (as well as outer shaft 101). In some embodiments, shafts 101, 125, and tube 122 are fixedly attached to each other, such as via a glue and/or frictional fit. In some embodiments, the distal end of outer shaft 101 extends beyond the distal end of tube 122. A second alignment element, tube 121, can be positioned within tube 122, abutting the proximal end of shaft 125. In some embodiments, tube 106 does not rotate relative to tube 122. The distal end of tube 106 is slidingly and rotatably received within the proximal portion of tube 122, and frictionally abuts tube 121. Tube 121 can comprise a material selected to minimize the friction between tube 121 and tube 122. Tubes 121, 106, and 122 form a rotary type joint, allowing torque shaft 105 to rotatably attach to shaft 125. Tubes 121 and 106 abut to prevent torque shaft 105 and/or optical core 110 from moving distally within shaft 125.

Several dimensions of and/or between various components of imaging probe 100 are illustrated in FIG. 2A. Tube 106 can comprise a length D7. Imaging probe 100 can comprise a gap with length D8, D8 representing the length between the distal end of torque shaft 105 and the proximal end of tube 122. Tube 122 can overlap tube 106 with an overlapping length D9. Tube 121 can comprise a length D10. Tube 122 can comprise a length D11.

In some embodiments, D7 comprises a length of greater than 5 mm and/or a length of less than 50 mm, such as a length of 20 mm. D8 can comprise a length of greater than 1 mm and/or less than 10 mm, such as a length of 5 mm. Overlap D9 can comprise a length of greater than 3 mm and/or less than 30 mm, such as a length of 5 mm. D10 can comprise a length of greater than 3 mm and/or less than 30 mm, such as a length of 5 mm. Overlap D11 can comprise a length of greater than 10 mm and/or less than 100 mm, such as a length of 25 mm.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, a magnified view of Section 2 of FIG. 2 is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Section 2 details transitions T2 and T3 of imaging probe 100. The following describes a set of components constructed and arranged to transition shaft 120 from a first portion with a first flexibility, to a second portion with a second flexibility (at transition T2), and from a first shaft comprised of a first material (shaft 125), to a second shaft comprised of a second material (window 130, comprising an optically transparent material). Alternatively, various other components can be implemented to achieve the transitions T2 and T3.

At transition T2, segment 127 of shaft 125 begins, transitioning shaft 125 from a first flexibility, to a second, greater flexibility. Segment 127 can comprise a flexibility enhancing “feature”, such as a modification applied to segment 127 of shaft 125 selected from the group consisting of: a spiral cut (as shown); a corrugation; one or more relief cuts; one or more openings; a thinning of the outer wall; and combinations of these. In some embodiments, the modification of segment 127 creates one or more passageways (e.g. holes) into and/or out of shaft 125, such as passageways through which bodily fluids and/or other contaminates can enter and/or exit shaft 125. Alternatively or additionally, the modification of segment 127 can weaken the column and/or other structural strength of shaft 125. A covering, tube 129, can be slidingly received over segment 127, configured to prevent contamination ingress and/or provide additional structural support to segment 127. Tube 129 can comprise a flexible material, such as a material more flexible than segment 127 of shaft 125.

Shaft 125 terminates at T3. A covering, for example tube 129 shown, or alternatively a separate covering, can surround the transition point T3. Tube 129 can provide a seal around segment 127, for example when segment 127 comprises a spiral cut that could otherwise allow ingress and/or egress to or from shaft 120. Alternatively or additionally, segment 127 of shaft 125 can comprise a flexible material (e.g. a material with a greater flexibility than the remainder of shaft 125), such as a polymer, and can comprise a braided construction, such as a braided construction including a metallic and/or non-metallic braid. Window 130 begins at transition T3. Optical core 110 is slidingly received by both shaft 125 and window 130, exiting the distal end of shaft 125 and entering the proximal end of window 130 at transition T3. Tube 129 maintains the relative position of the distal portion of shaft 125 with the proximal portion of window 130, including the relative axial positions of each (e.g. a coaxial arrangement), and the longitudinal positioning of the proximal end of window 130 relative to the distal end of shaft 125 (e.g. the ends abut each other, or nearly abut each other). Additionally or alternately, other methods of maintaining the relative position of window 130 and shaft 125 can be used, such as in a manufacturing process, for example a reflowing process, a welding process, and/or a splicing process that can be used to join, and position, window 130 and shaft 125.

As shown, the gel 118 can be positioned from the proximal end of tip 119 to a location proximate location T3, where T3 is a location distal to the proximal end of window 130. Gel 118 can be injected (e.g. in a manufacturing process) into shaft 120 (e.g. from the distal end of window 130) such that the proximal end of gel 118 (after injection is complete) is positioned at a location between 50 mm and 500 mm from the proximal end of tip 119, such as at a location between 200 mm and 250 mm from the proximal end of tip 119 (e.g. distance D1+D2 of FIG. 2).

Several dimensions of and/or between various components of imaging probe 100 are illustrated in FIG. 2B. Tube 129 can extend a length D12 proximally beyond the proximal end of segment 127. Imaging probe 100 can comprise a gap with length D14, with D14 representing the length between the distal end of shaft 125 and the proximal end of window 130. Tube 129 can extend a length D13 over window 130, as shown.

In some embodiments, D12 comprises a length of greater than 5 mm and/or less than 20 mm, such as a length of 10 mm. D14 can comprise a length of less than 1 mm, such as less than 0.2 mm, such as a length of approximately 0, such as when shaft 125 abuts window 130. D13 can comprise a length of greater than 5 mm and/or less than 20 mm, such as a length of 15 mm.

Referring now to FIG. 2C, a magnified view of Section 3 of FIG. 2 is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Section 3 details the distal portion of imaging probe 100. Optical assembly 115 is operably (e.g. optically) attached to the distal end of optical core 110. Optical assembly 115 is located within window 130, and it is configured to rotate about its longitudinal axis (e.g. rotate with optical core 110 within imaging probe 100). Gel 118 surrounds at least optical assembly 115 within window 130. Gel 118 can comprise a sheer thinning material, as described herein. Distal tip 119 can comprise sealing element 1192, configured to “plug” (e.g. prevent egress from) the distal end of window 130, such as to prevent gel 118 from exiting the distal end of window 130. Distal tip 119 can comprise a spring tip (not shown, but known to those skilled in the art of catheter design). Distal tip 119 can comprise a radiopaque, or other marker configured to increase the visibility of at least the distal tip 119 of imaging probe 100 using an imaging device, for example X-ray and/or fluoroscopy. In some embodiments, sealing element 1192 of distal tip 119 comprises an angled proximal end 1191, as shown, such as to prevent or at least reduce the reflection of light escaping from the distal end of lens 116 back towards lens 116 (e.g. to prevent or at least reduce coupling of light between lens 116 and the proximal end of distal tip 119). Proximal end 1191 can comprise an angled proximal end between 15° and 80°, such as 45°.

Optical assembly 115 can comprise a focusing element, lens 116, such as a GRIN lens. Optical assembly 115 can further comprise a covering, sheath 117, and an enclosed volume, chamber 114, positioned distal to lens 116 (e.g. the distal end of lens 116 defines the proximal end of chamber 114). A sealing element, plug 113, defines the distal end of chamber 114. Lens 116 can be optically connected to optical core 110, such as via a weld, as is typical in the art of fiber optic design. Coating 111 (or another coating) of optical core 110 can be removed proximate the distal end of optical core 110, such that coating 111 does not interfere with the fiber optic joining process. Lens 116 can comprise an outer diameter of less than 300 microns, such as less than 250 microns, or less than 200 microns. Lens 116 can comprise a length of greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, such as a length greater than or equal to 1 mm. Lens 116 can comprise numerous configurations, such as when lens 116 comprises a beam deflector (e.g. a reflective surface configured to direct light into and out of lens 116) polished or otherwise formed onto the distal end of lens 116 (e.g. a GRIN lens with a polished facet). Additionally or alternatively, lens 116 can comprise a planar distal end, an aspherical distal end, a spherical distal end, and/or a cylindrical distal end. The distal end of lens 116 can comprise a directly reflecting beam deflector (e.g. a beam deflector reflectively coated with metallic and/or dielectric coatings) and/or a total internally reflective beam deflector (e.g. internal reflection within lens 116). In some embodiments, lens 116 comprises a doping profile configured to provide particular focus requirements and/or to allow polishing of a beam-deflecting surface directly into lens 116 (e.g. in manufacturing), without causing excessive beam distortion (e.g. while preserving the intended optical function of lens 116). In some embodiments, lens 116 comprises a numerical aperture of less than 0.2, such as less than 0.18. Additionally or alternatively, lens 116 can comprise a parabolic and/or quadratic doping profile constant of less than 2 mm⁻¹, such as less than 1.7 mm⁻¹. Sheath 117 can slidingly receive lens 116, and at least a distal portion of optical core 110 including coating 111, such that any portion of optical core 110 in which coating 111 has been removed is covered by sheath 117. In some embodiments, a protective material, filler 112, surrounds the uncladded portion of optical core 110 within sheath 117. Filler 112 can comprise a glue, such as an epoxy or a UV glue, configured to protect optical core 110 and/or increase the internal reflection within optical core 110 to help prevent light from escaping the fiber. In some embodiments, the distal end of lens 116 provides an internal reflective surface, configured to reflect light approximately 90° into and/or out of lens 116. Chamber 114 can be filled with atmospheric air, and/or a gas, such as an inert gas. Chamber 114 can provide a protective barrier, preventing gel 118 from contacting the distal end of lens 116, such that the index of refraction between lens 116 and the gas within chamber 114 facilitates the internal reflection of lens 116. Plug 113 can comprise a porous sealing element, such as when plug 113 comprises a filter material, such as a porous filter material, configured to prevent ingress of gel 118 into chamber 114 (e.g. during a manufacturing process in which gel 118 is injected into window 130) and/or to allow pressure to equalize within chamber 114 (e.g. during a manufacturing process, a sterilization process, or otherwise). In some embodiments, plug 113 comprises a plug with an opening (e.g. a non-porous plug with an opening), channel 113a, such as to allow pressure equalization.

Several dimensions of and/or between various components of imaging probe 100 are illustrated in FIG. 2C. Sheath 117 can overlap coating 111 with an overlap length D15. Optical core 110 can comprise a portion with length D16, with coating 111 removed. Lens 116 can comprise a length D17. Chamber 114 can comprise an opening with a length D18. Sheath 117 can extend beyond the distal end of lens 116 a length D20. Plug 113 can comprise a length D19. Imaging probe 100 can comprise a gap with length D21, D21 representing the length between the distal end of plug 113 and sealing element 1192. Sealing element 1192 can comprise a length D1.

In some embodiments, D15 comprises a length of greater than 0.5 mm and/or less than 10 mm, such as a length of 0.7 mm. D16 can comprise a length of greater than 0.5 mm and/or less than 10 mm, such as a length of 0.7 mm. D17 can comprise a length of greater than 0.5 mm and/or less than 5 mm, such as a length of 1.1 mm. D18 can comprise a length greater than 0.2 mm and/or less than 5 mm, such as a length of 0.4 mm. D19 can comprise a length greater than 0.2 mm and/or less than 5 mm, such as a length of 0.5 mm. D20 can comprise a length greater than 0.4 mm and/or less than 10 mm, such as a length of 0.9 mm. D21 can comprise a length greater than 0.5 mm and/or less than 10 mm, such as a length of 0.7 mm. D1 can comprise a length greater than 1 mm and/or less than 5 mm, such as a length of 2 mm.

Referring now to FIGS. 3, 3A-D, and 3E-G, an exploded view, four assembly views, a partial sectional view, a partially exploded view, and a perspective view of a connector assembly are illustrated, respectively, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Connector assembly 150 can be operably attached to the proximal end of an optical probe, such as imaging probe 100, as described herein. Connector assembly 150 can be constructed and arranged to operably attach (e.g. optically and mechanically attach) imaging probe 100 to a rotating fiber optic connector (e.g. a standard Fiber Optic Rotary Joint, FORJ). Connector assembly 150 comprises a fiber optic connector 161, configured to operably engage a mating connector and maintain a fiber optic connection. In some embodiments, fiber optic connector 161 comprises a commercially available fiber optic connector, such as a SC/APC fiber optic connector, such as those that are commonly used in telecommunication networks. In these embodiments, as described herein, connector assembly 150 can comprise one or more components constructed and arranged to operably engage, manipulate, and/or maintain the relative position and orientation of fiber optic connector 161 within connector assembly 150. Connector assembly 150 can include one or more alignment components, as described herebelow, to operably attach to a rotation assembly, such as rotation assembly 500 described herein, while maintaining the rotational orientation of fiber optic connector 161 relative to rotation assembly 500 during attachment and/or detachment. Connector assembly 150 can comprise numerous forms of connectors, such as a bayonet or other locking connector. The following describes a bayonet type connector constructed and arranged to provide the necessary forces and constraints to make and maintain a connection between imaging probe 100 and rotation assembly 500.

Connector assembly 150 comprises a rotating assembly 160, a locking assembly 170, and a housing, connector body 151, surrounding at least a portion of rotating assembly 160 and locking assembly 170. Connector assembly 150 can include a protective covering, skirt 154. Skirt 154 can provide a seal between connector assembly 150 and connector assembly 510 of patient interface module 200, as described herein, such as to prevent ingress of contaminates into housing 201 of patient interface module 200. Rotating assembly 160 comprises optical connector 161. In some embodiments, optical connector 161 comprises a connector requiring proper rotational alignment with a mating optical connector, such as optical rotary joint 550 of rotation assembly 500 described herein. Connector assembly 150 can be constructed and arranged to provide the proper alignment between the two connectors when connecting and/or disconnecting without the need for an additional alignment step, such as to obviate the need for any user (e.g. manual) and/or systematic alignment step. Optical connector 161 further comprises a coupling shaft, shaft 169. Optical connector 161 (including coupling shaft 169) slidingly receives the proximal end of optical core 110 and torque shaft 105 (not shown). Torque shaft 105 and/or optical core 110 can operably attach to optical connector 161 (e.g. via coupling shaft 169), such that rotational force is applied to torque shaft 105 and/or optical core 110 by optical connector 161 (e.g. rotation of optical connector 161 causes the rotation of torque shaft 105 and/or optical core 110). In some embodiments, rotating assembly 160 is configured to rotate optical core 110 in a single direction (unidirectionally). Alternatively, rotating assembly 160 is configured to rotate optical core 110 in either direction (bidirectionally). The proximal end of optical core 110 is positioned within optical connector 161 such that the proximal end of optical core 110 is aligned with the proximal end of connector 161, forming a first optical transmission surface 161a, configured to abut a second optical transmission surface 555 (e.g. of a mating optical connector), to form an optical connection. In some embodiments, the first and second optical transmission surfaces 161a, 555, can each comprise a bevel, such as to increase the amount of light transmitted thru the connection. Optical connector 161 can comprise a non-circular shape (e.g. a rectangular shape as shown), with an asymmetric profile, such that optical connector 161 can only mate with a second connector in a particular, aligned orientation (e.g. such that the beveled optical transmission surfaces are properly aligned). Rotating assembly 160 includes a circular housing, carrier 163, and a locking connector, clip 162, configured to fixedly maintain optical connector 161 within carrier 163, such as is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, two assembly views of rotating assembly 160. Carrier 163 comprises a first radial recess, slot 164, and one or more alignment recesses, holes 165. Carrier 163 and/or clip 162 can comprise one or more reliefs (e.g. openings, slots and/or recesses) and/or projections sized and positioned to rotationally balance rotating assembly 160. These reliefs and/or projections can be configured to offset any rotational imbalances of optical connector 161 or other component of rotating assembly 160 (e.g. optical connector 161 can be an unbalanced connector). When fully assembled, rotating assembly 160 is rotationally balanced such as to limit vibration or other adverse effects of an imbalanced load at high rotational speeds.

Locking assembly 170 comprises a housing, rotational lock 171, a retention mechanism, connector retainer 175, comprising one or more retention elements, projections 176, and a biasing element, locking spring 179.

Referring to FIGS. 3C and 3D, opposing, partial sectional views of a portion of connector assembly 150 are illustrated. Rotational lock 171 comprises one or more projections, locking teeth 172 (three teeth 172a-c shown). Rotating assembly 160 is slidingly received within rotational lock 171, such that locking teeth 172a-c slidingly engage holes 165 of carrier 163 (165a and 165c shown, with 165b positioned opposite projection 172b), when rotating assembly 160 is fully inserted within rotational lock 171. This engagement locks the rotational orientation between rotational lock 171 and rotating assembly 160. In some embodiments, locking teeth 172 comprises an asymmetric pattern, and holes 165 comprise a matching asymmetric pattern, such that there is a single rotational orientation in which carrier 163 can be fully engaged within rotational lock 171 (e.g. hole 165a and projection 172a are sized to mate exclusively). Alternatively or additionally, rotational lock 171 can comprise a friction plate for frictionally engaging carrier 163. Connector retainer 175 is positioned about rotational lock 171 and carrier 163 (e.g. slidingly positioned about rotational lock 171 and carrier 163 in an assembly process), such that projections 176 are captured within slot 164, preventing rotating assembly 160 from exiting rotational lock 171. Slot 164 can comprise a width greater than the width of projection 176, such that rotating assembly 160 can travel longitudinally (e.g. axially) within rotational lock 171. For example, rotating assembly 160 can travel proximally such that locking teeth 172 disengage from holes 165 (e.g. rotational lock 171 can travel distally relative to rotating assembly 160 when a force is applied to rotational lock 171 as described herebelow). Projections 176 can operably engage the distal edge of slot 164, preventing rotating assembly 160 from exiting rotational lock 171. Additionally, carrier 163 can travel distally from the proximal most position, such that locking teeth 172 engage holes 165, and the distal end of carrier 163 abuts the back wall of rotational lock 171.

Referring to FIGS. 3E-G, rotating and locking assemblies 160, 170 shown are slidingly received within connector body 151. Locking assembly 170 is rotationally fixed within connector body 151. Rotating assembly 160 is rotationally fixed to locking assembly 170 when locking teeth 172 are engaged with holes 165, and therefore also fixed to connector body 151; otherwise rotating assembly 160 is free to rotate within connector body 151. In some embodiments, connector retainer 175 is fixedly positioned within connector body 151, and rotational lock 171, as well as rotating assembly 160 “float” within connector body 151, relative to connector retainer 175. Rotating assembly 160 is “captured” by connector retainer 175, such that it is allowed to rotate and travel longitudinally, as described hereabove, between a proximal-most location (where projections 176 engage slot 164) and a distal-most location (where the distal end of rotating assembly 160 abuts rotational lock 171). Connector assembly 150 can further comprise a biasing element, spring 179, configured to bias one or more components of connector assembly 150, such as when connector assembly 150 is not connected to a mating connector. For example, spring 179 can be positioned between a portion of connector body 151 and rotational lock 171, biasing rotational lock 171 distally against rotating assembly 160. Rotating assembly 160 is in turn biased against connector retainer 175 in its proximal-most position. This biased arrangement can prevent disengagement of locking teeth 172 from holes 165, maintaining the relative rotational orientation between rotating assembly 160 and connector body 151, while connector assembly 150 is not connected to a mating connector. Alternatively or additionally, when connector assembly 150 is connected to a mating connector, spring 179 can bias connector body 151 “out of” the mating connector, helping to facilitate one or more interlocking mechanisms, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 6A-D.

Connector body 151 includes one or more projections for alignment and engagement with a mating connector. As shown, connector body 151 comprises a first projection, alignment marker 152, configured to visually and operably align connector assembly 150 to a mating connector, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 4A through 6D. Alignment marker 152 can indicate the “top” of connector body 151, and be rotationally aligned with the “top” of optical connector 161, for example when optical connector 161 is rotationally locked relative to connector body 151 via rotational lock 171. Connector body 151 can further include one, two or more locking projections, projections 153a and 153c shown (projection 153b not shown but positioned behind connector body 151). Connector assembly 150 can further comprise a second body portion, cover 155. Cover 155 can comprise one or more mating elements, recess 159a shown, configured to properly align cover 155 to connector body 151 by aligning with one or more mating elements of connector body 151, projection 159b shown. Cover 155 can include instructional markings, markings 156, and one or more depressed, contoured, or otherwise ergonomic portions, grips 157. Grips 157 can be constructed and arranged such that a user can naturally grasp connector assembly 150, align connector assembly 150 with a mating connector (e.g. while using markers 152 and 156 for alignment and instruction), and insert and twist connector assembly 150 to secure the connection. Markings 156, along with marking 152 can indicate to the user the steps for engaging connector assembly 150 to a mating connector, for example, insert, push, and turn.

Connector assembly 150 can further include an element configured to reduce strain between connector 150 and one or more components of imaging probe 100, strain relief 158. As shown, imaging probe 100 comprises an outer proximal shaft, outer shaft 101, surrounding at least optical core 110 and torque shaft 105. Strain relief 158 slidingly receives outer shaft 101, which is fixedly attached to connector assembly 150. Optical core 110 and torque shaft 105 are free to rotate within outer shaft 101.

Referring now to FIGS. 4A-C, two perspective views of connectors being attached to a patient interface module and a perspective view of a portion of the patient interface module with the outer casing removed are illustrated, respectively, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Patient interface module 200 is configured to provide rotation to a rotatable optical core of an imaging probe, and to provide a motive force to translate at least a portion of the imaging probe, such as is described herebelow. Patient interface module 200 comprises rotation assembly 500, and at least a portion of retraction assembly 800. A housing 201 surrounds patient interface module 200. Patient interface module 200 can comprise one or more user interface elements, such as one or more inputs, buttons 205a,b, and one or more outputs, indicator 206 shown. Patient interface module 200 comprises a first physical connector assembly, connector assembly 510, for operably connecting to connector assembly 150, as described herein. Patient interface module 200 can further comprise a second physical connector assembly, connector assembly 820a, for operably connecting to connector 840, also as described herein. As shown in FIG. 4A, connector assembly 150 and connector 840 can each comprise bayonet type connectors, constructed and arranged to be at least partially inserted into connector assemblies 510 and 820a, respectively. Connector assembly 150 and connector 840 can be subsequently rotated (e.g. an approximately 45° rotation) to lock their connections with connector assemblies 510 and 820a, respectively, as described herein. Connector assembly 150 and/or 840 can comprise numerous forms of connectors, such as a bayonet or other locking connectors. The following describes bayonet type connectors constructed and arranged to provide the necessary forces and constraints to make and maintain a connection between imaging probe 100 and rotation assembly 500.

As shown in FIG. 4C, connector assembly 510 comprises a floating locking portion, sleeve 515. Sleeve 515 comprises one or more “cut away” portions or reliefs, openings 517a-c (517b,c not shown, but positioned about sleeve 515, such as positioned equally about sleeve 515). The distal edge of openings 517a-c comprise an engineered shape, locking profiles 518a-c (profile 518a shown). Locking profiles 518a-c can be constructed and arranged to operably engage projections 153a-c of connector body 151, as described herebelow (projection 153a shown in FIG. 4C). Sleeve 515 can comprise one or more passageways, recesses 516a-c (recess 516a shown in FIG. 4C). Recesses 516a-c ensure proper alignment of connector assembly 150 when inserted into connector assembly 510. Projections 153a-c pass thru recesses 516a-c, and into openings 517a-c, respectively. As projections 153a-c enter openings 517a-c, connector assembly 150 is free to rotate relative to connector assembly 510.

After connector body 151 is inserted into connector assembly 510, connector assembly 150 is rotated, as shown in FIG. 4B, and projections 153a-c slidingly engage locking profiles 518a-c. Locking profiles 518a-c are constructed and arranged such that projections 153a-c (as well as connector assembly 150) are initially forced inward, towards connector assembly 510 when rotated. Connector assembly 510 can comprise one or more biasing elements, retention elements 519. Retention elements 519 can comprise one or more retention elements, such as three elements spaced equally around the perimeter of sleeve 515. Retention elements 519 can comprise spring assemblies, constructed and arranged to bias sleeve 515 “inward”, towards the proximal end of connector assembly 510. Retention elements 519 allow sleeve 515 to travel outward, as forced by projections 153a-c against locking profiles 158a-c. Retention elements 519 can be constructed and arranged such that sleeve 515 applies a predetermined force to connector assembly 150 when rotated to engage locking profiles 518a-c.

Patient interface module 200 comprises a structural support, frame 202, onto which the elements of rotation assembly 500 and retraction assembly 800 can be mounted (e.g. directly and/or indirectly mounted, to secure the relative position of the elements within patient interface module 200). Connector 840, described herebelow in detail in reference to FIGS. 7A-C, can similarly be attached to connector assembly 820a. An embodiment of connector assembly 820a is described in detail herebelow in reference to FIG. 9.

Referring now to FIGS. 5, and 5A-D, perspective, partial cut away views of components of a patient interface module are illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. FIG. 5 illustrates the connector assemblies 510 and 820a, and components of rotation assembly 500 within patient interface module 200, with housing 201 removed. FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate connector assembly 150 operably connected to connector assembly 510. In FIG. 5A, one or more components are sectioned, revealing sleeve 512, rotational lock 171, and connector retainer 175. In FIG. 5B, sleeve 512, rotational lock 171, and connector retainer 175 are also sectioned, revealing rotating assembly 160 and mating components within sleeve 512. FIGS. 5C and 5D illustrate an assembly comprising a fiber optic rotary joint 560. In FIG. 5C, multiple components are shown sectioned, and multiple components are shown transparently. In FIG. 5D, multiple components are shown sectioned.

Rotation assembly 500 comprises an optical connector, rotary joint 550, and a fiber optic rotary joint, rotary joint 560. As shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D, rotary joint 560 comprises a fixed portion, housing 561. A rotating portion, spindle 562, rotates relative to housing 561. At least a portion of spindle 562 is positioned within housing 561. Rotary joint 560 can comprise one or more rotary bearings, bearings 563a-b shown, configured to limit friction and provide a smooth interface for rotation between spindle 562 and housing 561.

Sleeve 515 surrounds a fixed connection element, sleeve 512. Connector body 151 is slidingly received between sleeves 515 and 512 (i.e. during and while connector assembly 150 is connected to connector assembly 510). As connector assembly 150 is inserted into connector assembly 510, sleeve 512 opposes rotational lock 171, preventing rotational lock 171 from traveling proximally (further “into” connector assembly 510) beyond a predetermined distance. As connector body 151 is pushed further into connector assembly 510, locking spring 179 is depressed by rotational lock 171. Connector body 151 can be configured to abut carrier 163 when spring 179 is sufficiently depressed, such as to apply a force to carrier 163 as connector body 151 is pushed further into connector assembly 510 (e.g. pushed further via rotation of connector body 151 within sleeve 515, as locking profiles 518a-c force connector body 151 forward). This force between connector body 151 and carrier 163 can be sufficient to ensure optical connector 161 fully engages receptacle 551.

Referring back to FIG. 5, Rotation assembly 500 comprises motive element 530 which can be configured to provide a motive force that causes translation (e.g. retraction) of at least a portion of an imaging probe of the present inventive concepts. Motive element 530 can comprise a motor, configured to provide a rotary force to spindle 562. Motive element 530 can comprise a force transfer element, pulley 535, operably attached to a force transfer element of spindle 562, gear 511. Pulley 535 and gear 511 can be operably connected via a drive mechanism, linkage 536. In some embodiments, linkage 536 comprises a chain or other drive mechanism. In some embodiments, pulley 535 and gear 511 comprise a force and/or speed multiplying relationship, such as a 1:2 ratio.

Referring to FIGS. 5C and 5D, rotary joint 550 can comprise a receptacle 551, configured to slidingly receive optical connector 161 of rotating assembly 160. Receptacle 551 can comprise a recess 552, configured to slidingly receive a projection from optical connector 161 when connector 161 is properly aligned with receptacle 551. Rotary joint 550 can comprise a “floating” portion 553, configured to compensate for motion (e.g. linear motion) during and/or after the connection of optical connector 161 to rotary joint 550. Compensation is achieved by floating portion 553 moving axially within rotary joint 550. Floating portion 553 can be biased towards the distal end of receptacle 551 (e.g. biased toward optical connector 161), such as when floating portion 553 includes a biasing spring. In some embodiments, after the connection of rotary joint 550 and connector 161, the resulting axial forces are balanced, such that there is minimal axial movement of floating portion 553 after the connection is made. In some embodiments, the balanced axial forces are adjusted (e.g. by adjusting the spring force of one or more force balancing springs) such that the force between optical transmission surfaces 555 and 161a is both sufficient for optical transmission, and below a level that may damage either optical transmission surface 555 and/or 161a. Floating portion 553 surrounds and is operably attached to an intermediate fiber optic conduit, fiber optic cable 556. Fiber optic cable 556 terminates distally at an optical transmission surface 555. Optical transmission surface 555 is configured to abut optical transmission surface 161a when connected to optical connector 161, as described hereabove. The medial portion of fiber optic cable 556 is positioned within a recess or other space within spindle 562, channel 554. Fiber optic cable 556 terminates proximally at a fiber optic rotary coupling, rotary coupler 565. To compensate for linear displacement of floating portion 553, channel 554 can be constructed and arranged to allow fiber optic cable 556 to “buckle” within channel 554 (e.g. transition into in the “S” shape shown), and it can be sized and arranged to accommodate the maximum linear displacement of floating portion 553. Channel 554 can be further constructed and arranged such that the buckling of fiber optic cable 556 is rotationally balanced (e.g. limited to a single plane, such that the axis of symmetry of the “S” is coincident with the axis of rotation of spindle 562), such as to not induce a wobble and/or other vibration in spindle 562 when rotated at high speed. In some embodiments, channel 554 comprises an “S” shape. The “S” shape can comprise a radius configured to minimize light loss through fiber optic cable 556.

Rotary coupler 565 operably attaches to fiber optic cable 556 and to an output fiber optic cable, output fiber 569. Rotary coupler 565 optically and rotatably couples fiber optic cable 556, which rotates with spindle 562, to output fiber 569, which is fixedly attached (e.g. does not rotate) to housing 561.

Sleeve 515 surrounds a fixed connection element, sleeve 512. Connector body 151 is slidingly received between sleeves 515 and 512 (i.e. during and while connector assembly 150 is connected to connector assembly 510). As connector assembly 150 is inserted into connector assembly 510, sleeve 512 opposes rotational lock 171, preventing rotational lock 171 from traveling proximally (further “into” connector assembly 510) beyond a predetermined distance. As connector body 151 is pushed further into connector assembly 510, locking spring 179 is depressed by rotational lock 171. Connector body 151 can be configured to abut carrier 163 when spring 179 is sufficiently depressed, such as to apply a force to carrier 163 as connector body 151 is pushed further into connector assembly 510 (e.g. push further via rotation of connector body 151 within sleeve 515, as locking profiles 518a-c force connector body 151 forward). This force between connector body 151 and carrier 163 can be sufficient to ensure optical connector 161 fully engages receptacle 551.

Referring now to FIGS. 6A-D, schematic views of a locking mechanism are illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. A projection 153 and alignment marker 152 of connector body 151 are shown, with all other components of connector assembly 150 removed for illustrative clarity. A line connecting projection 153 and marker 152 is shown, 151′, representing the relative position of a portion of connector body 151 between FIGS. 6A-D. An opening 517 and a locking profile 518 of sleeve 515 are also shown, with other components of connector assembly 510 removed for illustrative clarity. The following describes the interaction of projection 153 and alignment marker 152 (also a projection from connector body 151) with locking profile 518, as connector body 151 is slidingly received and rotated within sleeve 515, such as to lock connector assembly 150 with connector assembly 510.

As connector body 151 is inserted (in a proximal direction) into sleeve 515, alignment marker 152 is slidingly received by recess 516, followed by projection 153. As projection 153 exits recess 516 and enters opening 517, connector body 151 is free to rotate (e.g. clockwise as indicated). Also, as projection 153 exits recess 516, optical connector 161 has been at least partially slidingly received by receptacle 551, such that the proper alignment between the two is maintained. Sleeve 512 opposes rotational lock 171, such as to release locking teeth 172a-c from holes 165a-c as rotating assembly 160 is forced forward, such that connector body 151 is free to rotate about rotating assembly 160 (as described hereabove). As connector body 151 is rotated clockwise, a first portion of locking profile 518, ramp 518i, forces projection 153 proximally, as shown in FIG. 6B. This in turn forces connector body 151, and rotating assembly 160 forward. Locking assembly 170 is maintained in its axial position by sleeve 512. Rotating assembly 160 does not rotate, as it is operably engaged to receptacle 551, and freed from locking assembly 170. In FIG. 6C, projection 153 is shown in its most proximal position (e.g. as forced by point 518ii of locking profile 518). Connector assemblies 150 and 510 can be constructed and arranged such that in the position indicated in FIG. 6C, connector body 151 forces optical connector 161 proximally such that it fully engages receptacle 551. In some embodiments, sleeve 515 is biased proximally (such as with one or more retention elements 519, as described herein), such that connector assembly 510 is constructed and arranged to provide a maximum force to projection 153 when forced proximally by point 518ii. In some embodiments, retention elements 519 allow accommodation of tolerances in and/or between connector assembly 150 and connector assembly 510 when the two are mated.

As connector body 151 is rotated further (i.e. further clockwise as indicated), ramp 518iv of locking profile 518 forces marker 152 distally, as ramp 518iii allows projection 153 to also retract distally, as shown in FIG. 6D. As projection 153 passes point 518ii, the bias of spring 179 between connector body 151 and locking assembly 170 also drives projection 153 along ramp 518iii. Connector assemblies 150 and 510 can be constructed and arranged such that in the final locked position of connector body 151 within sleeve 515, one or more of the following conditions are met: optical connector 161 is fully engaged within receptacle 551; connector body 151 is displaced laterally (e.g. distally) from the distal end of rotating assembly 160 such that there is no and/or limited frictional force between connector body 151 and rotating assembly 160; projections 176 of connector retainer 175 are positioned within slot 164 of rotating assembly 160, such that there is no and/or limited frictional force between rotating assembly 160 and locking assembly 170. During operation, such as during a clinical procedure, motive element 530 is constructed and arranged to rotate spindle 562, and in turn rotate rotating assembly 160 which is operably attached to receptacle 551. In order to maintain rotational alignment with components of connector assembly 150, motive element 530 can be constructed and arranged to only stop spindle 562 in the position aligned with the connection orientation (e.g. spindle 562 only stops at “top dead center” when motive element 130 is stopped). Motive element 530 can comprise a servo type motor to achieve this, and/or one or more sensors or biasing elements can be used to ensure this rotational orientation upon stopping. In some embodiments, motive element 530 and/or spindle 562 comprise a bias, such that top dead center is always achieved, even in the event of a power loss to rotation assembly 500.

When connector assembly 150 is disconnected from connector assembly 510, connector body 151 is rotated clockwise as indicated. Projection 153 is forced forward by ramp 518iii, beyond point 518ii, and can be retracted (e.g. by the user) along ramp 518i towards recess 516. As connector body 151 is retracted from sleeve 515, projection 153 and marker 152 align with recess 516, ensuring the alignment of rotating assembly 160 with locking assembly 170. Projections 176 can operably engage the distal edge of slot 164, pulling rotating assembly 160 from receptacle 551, as rotational lock 171 is biased against carrier 163. Connector assemblies 150 and 510 can be constructed and arranged such that locking teeth 172 operably engage holes 165, prior to optical connector 161 disengaging from receptacle 551, such that the orientation of rotating assembly 160 is continuously maintained.

Referring now to FIGS. 7A-C, an exploded view, a perspective view, and a sectional view of a connector assembly are illustrated, respectively, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Connector assembly 840 can be operably attached to the proximal end of a mechanical linkage, linkage assembly 890. Linkage assembly 890 operably attaches to pullback module 880, as described herebelow in reference to FIGS. 8A-B. Connector assembly 840 can operably attach linkage 891 of linkage assembly 890 to motive element 830. Motive element 830 can comprise a linear actuator or other component that provides a force to linkage 891 such that linkage 891 advances and/or retracts relative to sheaths 895, 896, as described hereabove in reference to FIG. 1A. In some embodiments, patient interface module 200 is configured to only retract linkage 891, for example when linkage 891 can be manually or otherwise advanced, as described herein.

Linkage assembly 890 comprises outer sheath 895, inner sheath 896, and linkage 891. In some embodiments, sheath 895 provides a protective barrier for inner sheath 896. Inner sheath 896 can comprise a conduit configured to provide column strength to linkage assembly 890, such as a conduit comprising a torque wire. Sheaths 895, 896 slidingly receive linkage 891. Linkage 891 can comprise a wire, cable, or other filament. Linkage 891 comprises a proximal end 893. Proximal end 893 can extend beyond the proximal end of sheath 896, through connector 840, and into capture port 846 as described herebelow. Proximal end 893 can comprise a termination point such as a knot, crimp, and/or other feature to allow for the engagement of linkage 891 to capture port 846.

Connector 840 can comprise housing 848, such as a two-part housing with distal and proximal portions, housing 848a and housing 848b respectively. Housing 848a,b can comprise keyed geometries such that the two portions do not rotate relative to each other when assembled, as shown in FIG. 7B. Connector 840 can include a protective covering, skirt 849b. Skirt 849b can provide a seal between housings 848a,b, as well as around connector assembly 820a of patient interface module 200, as described herein, such as to prevent ingress of contaminates into housing 848. Connector 840 can further include a tension relieving element, strain relief 849a. In some embodiments, strain relief 849a surrounds a portion of linkage assembly 890 near the distal end of connector assembly 840, providing strain relief near the entry point of linkage assembly 890 into housing 848a. Connector 840 can comprise one, two or more locking projections, projection 844a and projection 844b shown. In some embodiments, projection 844a and projection 844b are positioned and spaced equally about housing 848b (e.g. two projections 844a,b, as shown, are positioned 180 degrees relative to each other). Connector 840 can further comprise locking elements, pins 843a and 843b shown. Pins 843a,b can be slidingly received through and engaged with a receiving portion (e.g. a hole, cutout, recess, or the like) of both housing 848a and housing 848b, locking the housings together. Alternatively or additionally, housing 848a and housing 848b can be glued or otherwise permanently or semi-permanently attached to each other.

Connector 840 can comprise connector assembly 845. Connector assembly 845 is slidingly received within the proximal end of connector 840, and it receives and fixedly attaches to proximal end 893 of linkage 891. Connector assembly 845 can comprise capture port 846 and connection point 842. Proximal end 893 of linkage 891 can comprise a geometry such that proximal end 893 is captured within capture port 846 (e.g. proximal end 893 is passed thru an opening in the distal end of capture port 846, and a knot is tied, preventing egress of the distal end from the port). A bulbous connecting point, connecting point 842, is operably attached to the proximal end of capture port 846. Connecting point 842 can be configured to operably engage motive element 830, of retraction assembly 800, as described herein.

Connector 840 can comprise a tensioning element, tensioning assembly 841. Tensioning assembly 841 can comprise a tensioning screw 841a and a tensioning nut 841b. Tensioning screw 841a can operably attach to the proximal end of sheath 895 and/or to the proximal end of sheath liner 896. As shown in FIG. 7C, sheath 895 terminates near the distal end of tensioning screw 841a, and sheath liner 896 is received within tensioning screw 841a, and is fixedly attached thereto. Sheath liner 896 can be glued or otherwise fixedly attached to tensioning screw 841a. Linkage 891 extends to connector assembly 845 through an opening at the proximal end of screw 841a. Housing 848a comprises a cavity configured to receive and secure tensioning screw 841a, preventing the rotation of screw 841a within housing 848a. Housing 848b can comprise a cavity configured to receive and secure tensioning nut 841b, preventing the rotation of nut 841b within housing 848b, and positioning nut 841b a set distance from the proximal end of connector 840. Tensioning assembly 841 can adjust the relative position of proximal end 893 of linkage 891 to the proximal end of sheath 895, such as an adjustment performed in an assembly process as described immediately herebelow.

Linkage assembly 890 can be singly received by strain relief 849a and housing 848a. Housing 848a can be temporarily positioned about linkage assembly 890 away from the proximal end of linkage assembly 890, to allow for tensioning adjustments or other assembly steps (e.g. during the manufacturing process). Linkage 891 can subsequently be slidingly received by tensioning assembly 841, skirt 849b, housing 848b, and capture port 846, with the proximal end 893 of linkage 891 extending beyond the proximal end of capture port 846. Proximal end 893 can then be knotted, or otherwise modified for securement, such that capture port 846 can be slid proximally, capturing proximal end 893, as shown in FIG. 7C. Connection point 842 can then be secured to the proximal end of capture port 846, and housing 848b can be slid proximally along linkage 891, such that connection assembly 845 is partially received within the proximal end of housing 848b, as shown. Tensioning nut 841b can be positioned within the distal end of housing 848b. Housing 848b comprises a geometry such that a minimum distance between connection assembly 845 and tensioning nut 841b is maintained. Sheath 895 and/or sheath 896 are fixedly attached to tensioning screw 841a, as described hereabove, and tensioning screw 841a is operably attached to tensioning nut 841b, (i.e. tensioning screw 841a is at least partially screwed into tensioning nut 841b). Tensioning assembly 841 can be adjusted, such as to adjust the minimum relative distance between proximal end 893 of linkage 891, and the proximal end of sheath 895 and/or sheath 896. This distance can be adjusted to modify the relative positions of one or more connected components of pullback housing 881, as described herebelow in reference to FIG. 8A. After the optimal relative position of components is achieved, housing 848a can be slid proximally, along linkage assembly 890, such that tensioning screw 841a is captured within housing 848a, preventing rotation of tensioning screw 841a relative to nut 841b, locking the relative component positions. Housing 848a is then fixedly or removably attached to housing 848b. After assembly, translation of connection assembly 845 proximally away from housing 848b pulls linkage 891, slidingly through sheath 895, such that the distal end of linkage 891 translates relative to the distal end of sheath 895, as described herebelow in reference to FIG. 8A. As linkage 891 is pulled distally, again as described herebelow, connector 840 prevents translation beyond the established minimum relative distance between proximal end 893 and the proximal end of sheath 895.

Referring now to FIGS. 8A-C, an exploded view, a perspective view, and an end view of a pullback assembly are illustrated, respectively, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Pullback module 880 can be operably attached to a portion of an imaging probe of the present inventive concepts, and provide a retraction force to the probe, pulling at least a portion of the probe proximally relative to a patient (e.g. relative to a patient introduction device), as described herebelow. Pullback module 880 can be operably attached to the distal end of a linkage 891. The proximal portion of linkage 891 operably attaches to connector assembly 840, as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 7A-C.

Pullback module 880 can comprise a two-part housing 881, including a top housing 881a and bottom housing 881b, as shown in FIG. 8A. Module 880 can comprise one or more guide elements, rails 883a,b. Module 880 can contain a translating cart, puller 850. Puller 850 can be designed to translate within module 880 along rails 883a,b. Puller 850 slidingly receives rails 883a,b via recesses 851a,b. Recesses 851a,b are designed to partially or completely encompass rails 883a,b, such as to limit movement of puller 850 to translation along the axis of the rails 833a,b. Alternatively or additionally, housing 881 can comprise a geometry such that the motion of puller 850 is limited to axial translation within housing 881. Module 880 can comprise a biasing element, spring 852. Spring 852 can provide a biasing force to puller 850, such as to bias puller 850 distally.

Linkage assembly 890 can be slidingly received through strain relief 887. Strain relief 887 can be fixedly attached to the proximal end of module 880. Sheath 895 and/or sheath 896 can be fixedly attached to the proximal end of module 880. In some embodiments, strain relief 887 comprises a “hub” positioned between a flexible strain relieving portion and a portion of sheath 895 and/or sheath 896 and attached thereto. Strain relief 887 can aid in the attachment of sheath 895 and/or sheath 896 to module 880. Linkage 891 is slidingly received along the length of module 880 and is operably attached at its distal end to puller 850. Linkage 891 can comprise distal end 892 and can comprise a geometry that aids in the attachment of linkage 891 to puller 850. For example, distal end 892 can comprise a termination element, such as a knot or other feature arranged to allow for the secure engagement of linkage 891 to puller 850.

Top housing 880a can comprise a first cavity, retention port 884 and a second cavity, trench 889. Retention port 884 and trench 889 can be separated by a projection, retention wall 888. Physical connector assembly 820b can comprise a retention port of housing 881a, including wall 888, and a retention mechanism, clip 885. Clip 885 can be configured to releasably engage the proximal end of a delivery catheter such as sheath connector 82 of delivery catheter 80, such as when connector 82 comprises a Tuohy Borst connector. Physical connector assembly 820b can further comprise a biasing element, spring 886. Spring 886 can provide a biasing force to maintain clip 885 in an engaged position about connector 82, as shown in FIG. 8B.

Clip 885 can comprise a first projection, projection 885a, configured to partially surround connector 82 when connector 82 is inserted into retention port 884, as shown in FIG. 8C. Clip 885 can rotate about an axis, axis A₁, to allow sheath connector 82 to enter retention port 884 and rotate projection 885a “back” to engage connector 82. Second projection 885b extends through module 880 (e.g. through an opening in the wall of housing 881a). Clip 885 rotates about axis A₁to release connector 82 when second projection 885b is engaged (e.g. engaged by a user).

Pullback module 880 can further comprise a carrier 855. Carrier 855 can operably attach to puller 850, such as through a slot 889a in housing 881a. Carrier 855 can translate within trench 889 in response to puller 850, which translates in response to linkage 891. Carrier 855 can operably attach to a portion of imaging probe 100, such as to a pullback connector 180. Pullback connector 180 can comprise a “torquer”, or other device affixed to shaft 120 of imaging probe 100. Sheath 895 and/or sheath liner 896 of linkage assembly 890 provide a frame of reference between connector 840 and pullback module 880, such that when the proximal end of linkage 891 is retracted relative to connector 840 (as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 7A-C), the distal end of linkage 891 is retracted towards sheath 895 (i.e. towards the proximal end of pullback module 880). This relative motion transfers motive force applied at connector 840 (e.g. via motive element 830, as described herein), to puller 850. Puller 850, subsequently transfers the motive force to imaging probe 100, and imaging probe 100 is retracted relative to the patient.

In operation, imaging probe 100 can be manually (e.g. by a user) advanced through the vasculature of the patient. Pullback module 880 can be attached to the patient (e.g. to delivery catheter 80 via connector 82), and connector 180 can be operably connected to imaging probe 100, and positioned proximate delivery catheter 80 (e.g. a torquer connector 180 can be tightened to imaging probe 100 proximate delivery catheter 80). Connector 180 (not shown) can be operably positioned within carrier 855, and a motive force can be applied to the distal end of linkage 891. Carrier 855 retracts within trench 889, retracting imaging probe 100 relative to the patient. After retraction, connector 180 can be removed from carrier 855 (e.g. lifted out of), and carrier 855 and imaging probe 100 can be re-advanced independently. For example, carrier 855 can re-advance via the bias of spring 852, as the proximal end of linkage 891 is allowed to advance, and imaging probe 100 can be re-advanced manually by a user. Subsequent retractions can be performed by repositioning connector 180 in carrier 855 after both have been re-advanced. Carrier 855 can comprise a capturing portion, such as the “cup-like” geometry shown, a hook, or other capture-enabling portion, such that carrier 855 can only impart a retraction force on connector 180. In this configuration, if carrier 855 were to translate distally, connector 180 would automatically disengage from carrier 855 (e.g. connector 180 would fall out of the cup portion of carrier 855).

Referring back to FIG. 7C, tensioning assembly 841 can be adjusted to assure proper operation. If tensioning assembly 841 is too “tight”, distal end 892 of linkage 891 will not reach puller 850 (e.g. when puller 850 is in its distal most position). In these instances, adjustment of tensioning assembly 841 can be made to cause the distal end of linkage 891 to “reach” puller 850. If tensioning assembly 841 is too “loose”, there will be slack in linkage 891 when connection assembly 845 is fully seated within housing 848b. In these instances, adjustment of tensioning assembly 841 can be made to remove the slack in linkage 891.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a perspective view of components of a patient interface module is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Patient interface module 200 is configured to provide rotation to a rotatable optical core of an imaging probe, and to provide a motive force to translate at least a portion of the imaging probe, such as is described herebelow. In FIG. 9, housing 201, and other components of patient interface module 200 are removed for illustrative clarity, revealing connector assembly 820a and retraction assembly 800. In the illustrated embodiment, connector assembly 820a comprises a floating locking portion, sleeve 825. Sleeve 825 comprises one or more cut away portions, slots 827a,b (slot 827a not shown but positioned opposite slot 827b), and one or more passageways, recesses 826a,b (recess 826b not shown but positioned opposite recess 826a), providing sliding access into slots 827a,b as described herebelow. Sleeve 825 can further comprise one or more locking elements, projections 828a,b (projection 828a not shown but positioned opposite projection 828b), extending into slots 827a,b, respectively.

Sleeve 825 surrounds a fixed connection element, sleeve 822. Sleeve 822 is fixedly attached to frame 202 of patient interface module 200 (portions of frame 202 removed for illustrative clarity). Sleeve 822 can comprise one or more elongate cut away portions, slots 821a,b (slot 821b not shown but positioned opposite slot 821a), and one or more cut away portions, slots 827a,b, that slidingly receive projections 844a,b of connector 840 (connector 840 and projections 844 not shown). Sleeve 825 is slidingly received over sleeve 822. Slots 827a,b are aligned with slots 823a,b, (slot 823a not shown but positioned opposite slot 823b) and recesses 826a,b are aligned with the distal opening of slots 823a,b, such that when housing 848b (not shown) of connector 840 is slidingly received within sleeve 822, projections 844a,b are slidingly received by both slots 823a,b and slots 827a,b, respectively. Slots 823a,b and 827a,b can each comprise a geometry (e.g. an elongated, curvilinear opening) such that after projections 844a,b are received therein, connector 840 can be rotated (e.g. rotated clockwise), as projections 844a,b translate within slots 823a,b and 827a,b, locking connector 840 to connector assembly 820a.

Sleeve 825 can be slidingly attached to sleeve 822 via one or more securing elements, pins 824a,b (pin 824b not shown but positioned opposite pin 824a) through sleeve 822, extending into slots 821a,b of sleeve 822. In some embodiments, connector assembly 820a comprises a biasing element, spring 829. Spring 829 can provide a biasing force to sleeve 825, such that pins 824a,b engage the distal end of slots 821a,b, respectively. In this embodiment, as connector 840 is rotated within connector assembly 820a, projections 828a,b impede the rotation by frictionally engaging projections 844a,b within slots 827a,b, respectively. As projections 844a,b engage projections 828a,b, sleeve 825 is forced inwards against spring 829, and returns as projections 844a,b continue past projections 828a,b. Spring 829 provides a retention force, preventing (or at least limiting the likelihood of) connector 840 from rotating past projections 828a,b and unintentionally disconnecting from connector assembly 820a.

Patient interface module 200 includes motive element 830 of retraction assembly 800. Motive element 830 can be configured to provide a motive force that causes translation (e.g. retraction) of at least a portion of an imaging probe of the present inventive concepts. In the embodiment shown, motive element 830 comprises a linear actuator including a worm gear driven cart. Motive element 830 includes motor 831, operably attached to a worm gear, drive 832. A translating fixture, cart 833, is slidingly affixed to a linear bearing, slide 834. Slide 834 and motor 831 are fixedly attached to frame 202 of patient interface module 200. Drive 832 operably engages cart 833, such that as drive 832 is rotated by motor 831, cart 833 translates along slide 834. A connector that is fixedly attached to cart 833, connector 835, releasably attaches to connection point 842 (not shown) of connector 840, for example when connector 840 is operably attached to connector assembly 820a. Connector 835 can comprise a clamshell or other locking construction, configured to “grasp” or otherwise engage a connector, such as connection point 842. Connector 835 can be biased in an “open” position, as shown, when cart 833 is in its distal most position, ready to receive a connection point. As cart 833 is moved proximally, connector 835 can close around an inserted connection point, operably attaching thereto. One or more cams, springs, hinges, leavers, ramps, or other mechanisms can be included in connector 835 and/or motive element 830 to bias and/or operably open and close connector 835. In some embodiments, connector 835 comprises an electromagnetic connector, such as an electromagnet, configured to operably attach to a connection point via magnetic attraction. In these and other embodiments, connector 835 can automatically disconnect from an attached connection point in the case of an emergency (e.g. a power loss), to allow a user to disconnect a pullback device from retraction assembly 800.

Referring now to FIGS. 10A and 10B, perspective and partial sectional views of a connector assembly are illustrated, respectively, consistent with the present inventive concepts. As described hereabove in reference to FIG. 1B, in some embodiments, a patient interface module 410 operably connects an imaging probe of the present inventive concepts to a patient interface module (e.g. module 200 described herein), to provide rotation of its optical core and to provide translation to at least a portion of the probe. FIG. 10A is a perspective view of patient interface module 410, and FIG. 10B is a partial sectional view of module 410 with a portion of the housing of module 410 removed.

Module 410 can comprise a two-part housing 411, comprising top portion 411a and bottom portion 411b, surrounding an opening therein, chamber 413. Module 410 can include an extending portion surrounding a lumen, conduit 415, extending distally from housing 411. Conduit 415 can comprise a flexible conduit. Conduit 415 can comprise an additional strain relief 412 at its distal end, fixedly attached to a proximal shaft 481 of attached delivery catheter 480. Delivery catheter 480 can be of similar construction to delivery catheter 80 described herein. Delivery catheter 480 can comprise at least a portion that is optically transparent, window 485. Window 485 can be positioned at or near a distal portion of delivery catheter 480. Window 485 can comprise a material transparent to imaging modalities utilized by imaging probe 100, such that imaging probe 100 can image through window 485, for example when optical assembly 115 is retracted within window 485. Delivery catheter 480 can comprise a distal tip 483, comprising a rapid exchange type tip and or a spring tip construction. Imaging probe 100 is slidingly received through delivery catheter 480, proximally through conduit 415, into chamber 413. Within chamber 413, service loop 185 accommodates at least a partial retraction of imaging probe 100 into chamber 413. Imaging probe 100 operably attaches to an optical connector assembly, connector assembly 150′. Connector assembly 150′ can be of similar construction and arrangement to connector assembly 150 described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 3 through 6D. For example, connector assembly 150′ can connect to patient interface module 200 in a similar manner to connector assembly 150, as described herein. Connector body 151 of connector assembly 150′ is slidingly received within connector assembly 510, and projections 153 rotatably engage openings 517, as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 6A-D, providing a locked, floating (rotatable) optical connection of imaging probe 100 to optical rotary joint 550, also as described herein. Connector assembly 150′ can comprise a projection, lever 157′, which allows a user to rotate connector body 151, engaging connector assembly 510. Module 410 can comprise a biasing element, spring 414. Spring 414 can provide a biasing force to a portion of connector assembly 150′, such as a portion of connector assembly 150′ configured to translate to accommodate motion required to perform a locking action to operably connect connector assembly 150′ to connector 510.

Module 410 can comprise a linkage, puller 850′. Puller 850′ can comprise a rod, a cable, and/or other linkage configured to apply a retraction force to one or more portions of imaging probe 100. In some embodiments, puller 850 is further configured to advance imaging probe 100. Puller 850′ extends from a connector, connector 840′, through housing 411 and conduit 415, terminating proximate the distal end of conduit 415. Puller 850′ can operably attach to imaging probe 100, for example puller 850′ can be fixedly attached (e.g. glued or clamped) to imaging probe 100 proximate the distal end of puller 850′. Puller 850′ can comprise a connection point 842′. Connection point 842′ can be of similar construction and arrangement to connection point 842 of connector 840, as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 7A-B. Connector 840′ can also be of similar construction and arrangement to connector 840 of FIGS. 7A-B. For example, connector 840′ can connect to patient interface module 200 in a similar manner to connector 840, as described herein. In some embodiments, connection point 842′ connects to connector 835 of motive element 830 in a similar manner to connection point 842. In some embodiments, connector 840′ provides a “snap” or other linear type connection to connector 820a, aligning connection point 842′ with connector 835, without providing a rotationally locking engagement.

Delivery catheter 480 can comprise a proximal portion and a distal portion, proximal shaft 481 and distal shaft 482 shown. Delivery catheter 480 can comprise a purge assembly 490 (e.g. positioned between shafts 481 and 482 as shown), that allows a user to inject a fluid (e.g. a purge fluid) through distal shaft 482. Purge assembly 490 includes housing 493 which on its proximal end can attach to the distal end of shaft 481, and on its distal end attach to the proximal end of shaft 482. Fluid can be delivered through catheter 480, along imaging probe 100, exiting through and/or near the distal end of catheter 480. Purge fluid can be delivered through catheter 480 to perform one or more of: improve optical transmission by minimizing any refractive index mismatch between sheathes of imaging probe 100 and catheter 480; provide lubricity for the imaging probe 100 sliding within catheter 480; and/or remove air from the interstitial region between catheter 480 and imaging probe 100. Purge assembly 490 can comprise an injection inlet, port 491 (e.g. positioned on housing 493 as shown). Port 491 can comprise a lumen and a luer connector, or other components configured to allow a syringe or other fluid source to fluidly attach to purge assembly 490 and/or distal shaft 482 of delivery catheter 480. Purge assembly 490 can prevent or limit fluid injected into port 491 from exiting purge assembly 490 proximally, for example into proximal shaft 481, of delivery catheter 480. Housing 493 can comprise a projection, grip 492, to make purge assembly 490 easier to manipulate (e.g. by a user).

In some embodiments, purge assembly 490 is configured as an imaging probe 100 compression relief assembly that allows imaging probe 100 to safely buckle (e.g. to avoid imaging probe 100 experiencing compression above an undesired compression level threshold), such as to avoid undesired buckling within the patient (with or without additionally being configured as an assembly that allows a user to inject fluid, as described hereabove). In these embodiments, housing 493 can comprise an opening, safety port 495. When imaging probe 100 is inserted into delivery catheter 480 (e.g. inserted through proximal shaft 481, through safety port 495 and into distal shaft 482), imaging probe 100 is unsupported within safety port 495, such that safety port 495 provides a “buckle point” for imaging probe 100 in that location (e.g. safety port 495 is sized to accommodate the buckling). Should imaging probe 100 encounter resistance as it is advanced through distal shaft 482 of delivery catheter 480 (e.g. compression of imaging probe 100 increases as imaging probe 100 is advanced manually by a user or automatically by motive element 830 of patient interface module 200, as described herein), safety port 495 can allow imaging probe 100 to buckle, preventing or at least limiting the likelihood that imaging probe 100 punctures and/or otherwise undesirably exits delivery catheter 480.

Additionally or alternatively, safety port 495 can provide access for an emergency removal of imaging probe 100 from delivery catheter 480. For example, a user can manipulate the unsupported section of imaging probe 100 within safety port 495 (e.g. purposely buckle imaging probe 100 through safety port 495), grasp a portion of imaging probe 100, and remove (e.g. pull proximally) imaging probe 100 from delivery catheter 480. In some embodiments, a guide wire or other flexible elongate device is subsequently inserted into delivery catheter 480 via safety port 495.

Referring now to FIGS. 11A and 11B, two perspective views of connectors being attached to a patient interface module are illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Patient interface module 200 can be of similar construction and arrangement to patient interface module 200, as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 4A-C, 5, 5A-B, and 9. Patient interface module 200 comprises a first physical connector assembly, connector assembly 510, for operably connecting to connector assembly 150′, as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 10A-B. Patient interface module 200 can further comprise a second physical connector assembly, connector assembly 820a, for operably connecting to connector 840′, also as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 10A-B. As shown in FIG. 11A, connector assembly 150′ and connector 840′ can each comprise bayonet type connectors, constructed and arranged to be at least partially inserted into connector assemblies 510 and 820a, respectively. As shown in FIG. 11B, connector assembly 150′ can be subsequently rotated (e.g. an approximately 45° rotation) to lock its connection with connector assembly 510, as described hereabove in reference to FIG. 4A-C.

Referring now to FIG. 12, a side sectional anatomical view of a system including an imaging probe in a side-by-side arrangement with an implant delivery device is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. System 10 includes imaging probe 100 (the distal portion of probe 100 is shown in FIG. 12), a treatment device, such as implant delivery device 30 shown, and one or more delivery catheters 80. System 10 includes at least an intermediate delivery catheter 80_INT, and at least two micro delivery catheters 80a and 80b. Micro delivery catheters 80a,b are shown slidingly positioned within intermediate delivery catheter 80_INTin a side-by-side configuration. Micro delivery catheter 80a has slidingly received implant delivery device 30, and micro delivery catheter 80b has slidingly received imaging probe 100, also as shown. In some embodiments, imaging probe 100, delivery catheters 80, and implant delivery device 30 can be of similar construction and arrangement to similar components of system 10, as described herein.

Each micro delivery catheter 80a,b can comprise an inner diameter sufficient to slidingly receive implant delivery device 30 and imaging probe 100, respectively. Micro delivery catheters 80a,b can each further comprise an outer diameter such that micro delivery catheters 80a,b, collectively, can be slidingly received, in a side-by-side arrangement, within intermediate delivery catheter 80_INT. Imaging probe 100 can comprise an outer diameter of not more than 0.020″, for example an outer diameter of approximately 0.014″. Imaging probe 100 and the various components of system 10 shown in FIG. 12 can be introduced into the patient, as described hereabove in reference to FIG. 1.

Intermediate delivery catheter 80_INTcan be advanced to a first anatomic location. Subsequently, micro delivery catheters 80a,b can each be advanced to a second anatomic location distal to the first anatomic location. Imaging probe 100 can be advanced beyond the distal end of micro delivery catheter 80b, and beyond an anatomic feature, for example aneurysm A₁as shown. Implant delivery device 30 can be advanced beyond the distal end of micro delivery catheter 80a, towards the anatomic feature, such as to subsequently deliver one or more implants 31 (e.g. to deliver one or more embolization coils or other aneurysm treatment components). In some embodiments, system 10 is constructed and arranged to collect image data related to implant 31, the image data collected prior to, during and/or after implantation of implants 31 (e.g. collected during a pullback procedure of probe 100). In some embodiments, implant 31 comprises multiple implants 31, for example multiple embolization coils. In these embodiments, system 10 can be constructed and arranged to collect image data during implantation (e.g. during deployment from delivery device 30) of one or more of the implants 31, and/or after implantation of one or more of each of the implants 31. In some embodiments, system 10 is configured to perform real time or near-real time (“real time” herein) imaging of implant 31 implantation (e.g. real time imaging of deployment of one or more coils or other implants). For example, system 10 can be used to perform one or more (e.g. repeating) relatively short pullbacks, each pullback including a small injection of a clearing flush. These pullbacks could be automated, and could include, approximately: a repeated set of 25 mm pullbacks, each over a time period of 1 second. For example, system 10 could be configured to (in an automated manner) deliver a 5-10 ml flush media, such as flushes delivered during every 30 seconds of deployment of one or more portions (e.g. coils) of implant 31.

In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 comprises a spring tip, tip 119_SPRING. Tip 119_SPRINGcan comprise a length (e.g. a sufficient length) such that the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGremains distal to the aneurysm during a pullback procedure of imaging probe 100 (e.g. a pullback procedure in which imaging data is collected at an imaging location while optical assembly 115 is retracted through a segment of the vessel to be imaged). After a pullback procedure is completed, and at least the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGextends beyond the aneurysm, imaging probe 100 can be re-advanced beyond the aneurysm, such that optical assembly 115 is positioned distal to aneurysm A₁(as shown). The distance between the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGand optical assembly 115, distance D₁shown, can be chosen such that after a pullback procedure is performed to image any anatomical location (e.g. an aneurysm) and/or to image any implanted device (e.g. an implanted coil and/or stent), the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGis positioned to allow safe advancement of imaging probe 100 (e.g. the distal end of tip 199_SPRINGis positioned within or beyond the anatomical location and/or within or beyond the implanted device). For example, distance D₁can comprise a length of at least 40 mm, such as when tip 199_SPRINGcomprises a length of at least 35 mm, at least 50 mm, or at least 75 mm (e.g. to support a pullback of up to 25 mm, 40 mm, or 65 mm).

Referring now to FIGS. 13A and 13B, side sectional anatomic views of a system including an imaging probe including a position marker are illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. FIG. 13A illustrates system 10 that includes imaging probe 100, such as is described herein, shown advanced into a patient and extending beyond an anatomic feature (e.g. aneurysm A1 shown). System 10 further includes one or more delivery catheters used to deliver imaging probe 100, such as intermediate delivery catheter 80_INTand micro delivery catheter 80_MICROshown. FIG. 13B illustrates imaging probe 100 after a pullback procedure has been performed (e.g. to create image data in a segment of the vessel including aneurysm A1).

Aneurysm A1 of FIGS. 13A-B has been treated with one or more embolization coils, implant 31a, and with a flow diverter, second implant 31b, implanted across the neck of the aneurysm, each as shown. Imaging probe 100 can include a first marker, marker 131_D, positioned relative to optical assembly 115 along shaft 120 (e.g. proximal to optical assembly 115). Imaging probe 100 can further include a second marker, marker 131_P, positioned proximal to marker 131_Dalong shaft 120. Markers 131_Dand/or 131_P(singly or collectively marker 131) can comprise a marker selected from the group consisting of: radiopaque marker; ultrasonically visible marker; magnetic marker; visible marker; and combinations of these. Imaging probe 100 can include a spring tip 119_SPRING, such that the distance between the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGand optical assembly 115 comprises distance D₁shown. Tip 119_SPRINGand distance D₁can comprise lengths (e.g. minimum lengths), as described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 13A-B (e.g. minimum lengths configured to allow safe advancement of imaging probe 100 after a pullback procedure has been performed, also as described hereabove). Imaging probe 100 can comprise marker 131_Dor marker 131_P, or it can comprise both marker 131_Dand marker 131_P.

Marker 131_Dcan be positioned along shaft 120 at a particular location relative to the distal end of tip 119_SPRING. The position of marker 131_Dcan provide a reference (e.g. under fluoroscopy or other imaging modality) to the user of the estimated position that the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGwill reach after a pullback procedure (e.g. a pullback procedure of a predetermined distance, such as a maximum distance that system 10 can retract imaging probe 100). For example, as shown in FIG. 13B, after a pullback procedure, the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGis a distance D_REFfrom the initial position of marker 131_D. Distance D₁(e.g. as determined by the length of tip 119_SPRING) and the position of marker 131_Dcan be chosen such that the estimated position of the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGafter a pullback procedure is performed is the same as or distal to the initial position of marker 131_Dprior to the pullback procedure (e.g. for the maximum pullback distance enabled by system 10). For example, system 10 can be configured to retract imaging probe 100 a distance relatively equal to distance D₁. Alternatively or additionally, system 10 can be configured to retract imaging probe 100 a distance of no more than distance D₁(e.g. after the retraction, the distal end of tip 119_SPRINGis at or distal to the previous position of marker 131_D).

In some embodiments, marker 131_Pis positioned along shaft 120 relative to optical assembly 115. The position of marker 131_Pcan provide a reference to the user of the estimated position of optical assembly 115 after a pullback procedure of a predetermined distance.

Referring now to FIG. 14, a flow chart of a method of creating an image is illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Method 1400 of FIG. 14 will be described using the devices and components of system 10 described hereabove in reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B. In Step 1410, an imaging probe (e.g. imaging probe 100 described herein) is inserted into the vasculature of the patient. In Step 1420, a marker of the imaging probe (e.g. marker 131) is positioned relative to an imaging location, for example a location to be imaged by system 10 such as a location proximate an aneurysm, such as an aneurysm about to be treated and/or already treated (e.g. treated via implantation of a flow diverter).

System 10 can be constructed and arranged such that after a pullback procedure is performed, the distal end of imaging probe 100 (e.g. the distal end of tip 119 or tip 119_SPRING) is positioned (e.g. “lands”) relative to the initial position of the marker 131. For example, the relative distance between the distal end of imaging probe 100 and the marker 131 can be configured such that the distal end of tip 119 lands approximately at the initial position of the marker 131. In these embodiments, a user can position the marker 131 at or distal to a point where distal access is desired to be maintained by imaging probe 100 after the pullback procedure is performed, ensuring the distal tip of imaging probe 100 will not retract to a location proximal to that point. In Step 1430, the catheter is retracted in a pullback procedure, as described herein. In Step 1440, imaging probe 100 can be safely advanced (e.g. an advancement in which optical assembly 115 is positioned distal to the imaging location) to perform another imaging procedure (e.g. another pullback in which imaging data is collected). Alternatively, in Step 1440 a microcatheter is safely advanced over imaging probe 100, then imaging probe 100 is removed from the microcatheter, and a separate device (e.g. a treatment device) is advanced through the distally-positioned microcatheter. The separate device can then be used in a treatment or other procedure (e.g. a coil deployment procedure).

Referring now to FIGS. 15A and 15B, schematic views of a system including an imaging probe are illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. System 10 can include imaging probe 100, positioned within a delivery catheter 80 (e.g. pre-loaded into a delivery catheter 80 in a manufacturing or packaging process). Imaging probe 100 and delivery catheter 80 can be of similar construction and arrangement to similar components, as described herein. Delivery catheter 80 can comprise a transparent portion, window 85. Window 85 can be constructed and arranged such that imaging probe 100 can collect image data by transmitting and receiving light that passes through window 85. In these embodiments, the optical assembly 115 can be retracted (e.g. probe 100 is retracted) and image data collected while optical assembly 115 is positioned within window 85 of delivery catheter 80. In these embodiments, access distal to the imaging location is maintained by delivery catheter 80, as imaging probe 100 can subsequently be re-advanced through delivery catheter 80 for additional pullback procedures. In some embodiments, catheter 80 is filled with saline or another optically transparent fluid, such as to limit optical distortion that can be caused by imaging through multiple layers of catheter walls (e.g. through the walls of optical probe 100 and delivery catheter 80). In some embodiments, delivery catheter 80 comprises a reinforced portion, portion 87, proximal to window 85. Portion 87 can comprise a braided construction, and/or the wall of portion 87 can comprise a greater thickness than the non-reinforced wall of delivery catheter 80. Portion 87 can be constructed and arranged to prevent or at least limit collapsing of portion 87 of delivery catheter 80 under a compressive load, for example when a connector of system 10 is attached to catheter 80 at a location within portion 87. Shaft 81 of delivery catheter 80 can comprise an outer diameter near its distal end of approximately 2.8 F. Shaft 81 can comprise an outer diameter proximate its proximal end (e.g. the outer diameter of portion 87) of approximately 3.2 F. Delivery catheter 80 can comprise a length of approximately 150 cm. The distal portion of shaft 81 can comprise a greater flexibility than the more proximal portion of shaft 81. This distal portion can comprise a length of approximately 300 mm. Delivery catheter 80 can comprise a hydrophilic coating. Delivery catheter 80 can comprise one or more markers, such as one or more radiopaque markers. Shaft 81 can comprise a braided construction. In some embodiments, one or more braids of shaft 81 terminates proximal to window 85. Shaft 81 can comprise one or more segments along its length that comprise varying durometers. The durometers of shaft 81 can vary between 45 D (e.g. segments near the distal end of shaft 81) and 74 D (e.g. segments near the proximal end of shaft 81).

In some embodiments, imaging probe 100 comprises a spring tip, tip 119_SPRING, as described herein. Imaging probe 100 and delivery catheter 80 can be constructed and arranged to be inserted into a patient's vasculature, coaxially, using an “inch worm” type method. In these embodiments, imaging probe 100 can be advanced beyond the distal end of delivery catheter 80, tip 119_SPRINGacting as a guidewire to navigate the vasculature. Subsequently, delivery catheter 80 can be advanced along imaging probe 100. This process can be repeated (e.g. in an “inch worm” method) until a target location has been reached (e.g. optical assembly 115 is positioned distal to the imaging location).

In some cases, a user (e.g. a clinician) may decide to use imaging probe 100 without a microcatheter, or with a different microcatheter than the one in which imaging probe 100 is provided. In these cases, the user can remove imaging probe 100 from delivery catheter 80 prior to performing a procedure (e.g. remove by retracting proximally from delivery catheter 80, via connector 82), and use imaging probe 100 with any number of delivery devices similar to those as described herein.

Referring now to FIGS. 16A-C, perspective, side, and front views, respectively, of a patient interface module attached to a bed rail mount are illustrated, consistent with the present inventive concepts. Bed rail mount 60 comprises an upper portion, hook 61, and a lower portion, jaw 62. Jaw 62 is configured to rotate relative to hook 61 about a pivot, axle 64. Jaw 62 can be biased in a closed position, such as via a spring or other biasing element. Jaw 62 can be locked (e.g. temporarily locked) in an open position, as shown in FIGS. 16A-B. In some embodiments, mount 60 comprises a release mechanism, button 66, positioned within hook 61. Button 66 can be configured to release jaw 62 from the (locked) open position when depressed (e.g. depressed by a bed rail as hook 61 engages the bed rail as shown in FIG. 16B), such that jaw 62 subsequently closes around the bed rail, securing mount 60 to the rail. Jaw 62 can comprise a projection, lever 63, such that a user can manipulate jaw 62 relative to hook 61. In some embodiments, jaw 62 and hook 61 are sized and oriented to capture bed rails of varying size, collectively securing to the rail (e.g. via a biasing force applied to jaw 62). Patient interface module 200 can attach to mount 60 via a connector 68. In some embodiments, connector 68 comprises a rotatable connector, such that patient interface module 200 can rotatably attach to mount 60 (e.g. module 200 can “swivel” in either direction). In these embodiments, a user can rotatably orient module 200 relative to the bed rail, as shown in FIG. 16C. In some embodiments, connector 68 is lockable in a rotated position, and/or connector 68 comprises persistent frictional rotation resistance, such that a user can reposition module 200 by overcoming the frictional force. Mount 60 can be attached to and/or rotated relative to module 200 before and/or after mount 60 is attached to a bedrail.

The above-described embodiments should be understood to serve only as illustrative examples; further embodiments are envisaged. Any feature described herein in relation to any one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other features described, and may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of the embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described above may also be employed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. An imaging system for a patient comprising: an imaging probe, comprising: an elongate shaft comprising a proximal end, a distal portion, and a lumen extending between the proximal end and the distal portion;a rotatable optical core positioned within the lumen of the elongate shaft and comprising a proximal end and a distal end; andan optical assembly positioned in the elongate shaft distal portion and proximate the rotatable optical core distal end, the optical assembly configured to direct light to tissue and collect reflected light from the tissue;wherein the imaging probe is constructed and arranged to collect image data from a patient site;an interface module comprising a retraction motive element constructed and arranged to provide a pullback force to a linkage assembly;a rotation assembly constructed and arranged to optically and mechanically connect to the imaging probe, and to rotate the optical assembly; anda retraction assembly constructed and arranged to mechanically connect to the imaging probe, and to retract the optical assembly and the elongate shaft in unison, wherein the retraction assembly comprises: a pullback module constructed and arranged to apply a pullback force from the retraction motive element and the linkage assembly to the imaging probe,wherein the interface module and the pullback module comprise separate housings in communication with each other by the linkage assembly.
2. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the pullback module housing is positioned at a first location and the interface module housing is positioned at a second location that is remote from the first location, and wherein the linkage assembly extends between the first location and the second location.
3. The imaging system according to claim 2, wherein the second location is at least 15 cm remote from the first location.
4. The imaging system according to claim 2, wherein the first second location is on or near a surgical bed rail and the first location is near a vascular access site of the patient.
5. the imaging system of claim 4, wherein the vascular access site of the patient is a first reference location and the retraction assembly and the pullback module operate relative to the first reference location, and wherein the rotation assembly operates relative to a second reference location different than the first reference location.
6. The imaging system according to claim 4, wherein the first location is within 30 cm of the vascular access site.
7. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the retraction motive element comprises a mechanism selected from the group consisting of: linear actuator; a worm drive operably attached to a motor; a pulley system; a linear force transfer mechanism; and combinations thereof.
8. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the imaging probe is configured to be manually advanced into the patient.
9. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the retraction assembly is configured to retract the optical assembly a distance of at least 25 mm.
10. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the rotation assembly is configured to rotate the optical assembly at a speed of between 20 rotations per second and 1000 rotations per second.
11. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the imaging probe further comprises a service loop configured to allow retraction of the imaging probe relative to the patient by the retraction motive element that applies the pullback force to the linkage assembly to retract while the rotation assembly when rotating the optical assembly remains stationary with respect to a linear movement.
12. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the imaging probe further comprises a connector assembly positioned on the elongate shaft proximal end, and wherein the connector assembly is configured to operably attach the imaging probe to the rotation assembly.
13. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the imaging probe further comprises a pullback connector positioned along the length of the elongate shaft, and wherein the pullback connector is configured to operably attach the imaging probe to the retraction assembly.
14. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the interface module further comprises a rotation motive element constructed and arranged to provide a rotation force for the rotation assembly.
15. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the pullback module comprises a puller and wherein the retraction motive element applies the pullback force to the puller via the linkage assembly.
16. The imaging system according to claim 1, further comprising a delivery catheter and wherein the pullback module comprises a connector assembly configured to attach to a connector of the delivery catheter.
17. The imaging system according to claim 16, wherein the imaging probe further comprises a pullback connector coupled to a carrier of the pullback module.
18. The imaging system according to claim 1, further comprising a service loop between a first connector and a second connector, the first connector coupled to the housing of the interface module at a first end of the service loop and the second connector coupled to the imaging probe and a carrier of the retraction assembly.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/591,403, titled “Imaging System”, filed Nov. 28, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/671,142, titled “Imaging System”, filed May 14, 2018, the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/148,355, titled “Micro-Optic Probes for Neurology”, filed Apr. 16, 2015, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/322,182, titled “Micro-Optic Probes for Neurology”, filed Apr. 13, 2016, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to International PCT Patent Application Serial Number PCT/US2016/027764, titled “Micro-Optic Probes for Neurology” filed Apr. 15, 2016, published as WO 2016/168605, published Oct. 20, 2016, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/566,041, titled “Micro-Optic Probes for Neurology”, filed Apr. 15, 2016, published as U.S. Publication No. 2018-0125372, published May 10, 2018, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/212,173, titled “Imaging System Includes Imaging Probe and Delivery Devices”, filed Aug. 31, 2015, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/368,387, titled “Imaging System Includes Imaging Probe and Delivery Devices”, filed Jul. 29, 2016, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to International PCT Patent Applicant Serial Number PCT/US2016/049415, titled “Imaging System Includes Imaging Probe and Delivery Devices”, filed Aug. 30, 2016, published as WO 2017/040484, published Mar. 9, 2017, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/751,570, titled “Imaging System Includes Imaging Probe and Delivery Devices”, filed Feb. 9, 2018, published as US Publication No. 20190274528, published September 2019, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/732,114, titled “Imaging System with Optical Pathway”, filed Sep. 17, 2018, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

PCT Information

Filing Document	Filing Date	Country	Kind
PCT/US2018/062766	11/28/2018	WO

Publishing Document	Publishing Date	Country	Kind
WO2019/108598	6/6/2019	WO	A

US Referenced Citations (778)

Number	Name	Date	Kind
4554929	Samson et al.	Nov 1985	A
4566330	Fujii et al.	Jan 1986	A
4583184	Murase	Apr 1986	A
4594895	Fujii	Jun 1986	A
4597292	Fujii et al.	Jul 1986	A
4646748	Fujii et al.	Mar 1987	A
4753248	Engler et al.	Jun 1988	A
4951677	Crowley et al.	Aug 1990	A
4957482	Shiber	Sep 1990	A
4961427	Namekawa et al.	Oct 1990	A
5002059	Crowley et al.	Mar 1991	A
5039193	Snow et al.	Aug 1991	A
5058587	Kohno et al.	Oct 1991	A
5118405	Kaneko et al.	Jun 1992	A
5127405	Alcala et al.	Jul 1992	A
5143075	Ishizuka	Sep 1992	A
5151603	Nakamura	Sep 1992	A
5152277	Honda et al.	Oct 1992	A
5158086	Brown et al.	Oct 1992	A
5212671	Fujii et al.	May 1993	A
5219335	Willard et al.	Jun 1993	A
5321501	Swanson et al.	Jun 1994	A
5331309	Sakai	Jul 1994	A
5383467	Auer et al.	Jan 1995	A
5443781	Saab	Aug 1995	A
5456245	Bornhop et al.	Oct 1995	A
5459570	Swanson et al.	Oct 1995	A
5554139	Okajima	Sep 1996	A
5568314	Omori et al.	Oct 1996	A
5568503	Omori	Oct 1996	A
5644427	Omori et al.	Jul 1997	A
5647359	Kohno et al.	Jul 1997	A
5649897	Nakamura et al.	Jul 1997	A
5689316	Hattori et al.	Nov 1997	A
5738100	Yagami et al.	Apr 1998	A
5745163	Nakamura et al.	Apr 1998	A
5774175	Hattori	Jun 1998	A
5774261	Omori et al.	Jun 1998	A
5793341	Omori et al.	Aug 1998	A
5818399	Omori et al.	Oct 1998	A
5860923	Lenker et al.	Jan 1999	A
5976017	Omori et al.	Nov 1999	A
5999591	Kobayashi et al.	Dec 1999	A
6011580	Hattori et al.	Jan 2000	A
6011809	Tosaka	Jan 2000	A
6019507	Takaki	Feb 2000	A
6019737	Murata	Feb 2000	A
6033383	Ginsburg	Mar 2000	A
6036682	Lange et al.	Mar 2000	A
6052613	Takaki	Apr 2000	A
6064684	Yoon et al.	May 2000	A
6069698	Ozawa et al.	May 2000	A
6115058	Omori et al.	Sep 2000	A
6134003	Tearney et al.	Oct 2000	A
6160826	Swanson et al.	Dec 2000	A
6165127	Crowley	Dec 2000	A
6191862	Swanson et al.	Feb 2001	B1
6208887	Clarke	Mar 2001	B1
6217828	Bretscher et al.	Apr 2001	B1
6283632	Takaki	Sep 2001	B1
6296608	Daniels et al.	Oct 2001	B1
6309358	Okubo	Oct 2001	B1
6341036	Tearney et al.	Jan 2002	B1
6364841	White et al.	Apr 2002	B1
6383209	Crowley	May 2002	B1
6445939	Swanson et al.	Sep 2002	B1
6449500	Asai et al.	Sep 2002	B1
6471656	Shalman et al.	Oct 2002	B1
6485413	Boppart et al.	Nov 2002	B1
6485482	Belef	Nov 2002	B1
6520959	Iwahashi et al.	Feb 2003	B1
6530921	Maki	Mar 2003	B1
6547757	Kranz et al.	Apr 2003	B1
6549687	Kochergin et al.	Apr 2003	B1
6552796	Magnin et al.	Apr 2003	B2
6564087	Pitris et al.	May 2003	B1
6565514	Svanerudh et al.	May 2003	B2
6570659	Schmitt	May 2003	B2
6570893	Libatique et al.	May 2003	B1
6572553	Crowley	Jun 2003	B2
6577391	Faupel et al.	Jun 2003	B1
6579286	Maki et al.	Jun 2003	B1
6589233	Maki	Jul 2003	B1
6601459	Jenni	Aug 2003	B1
6607526	Maki	Aug 2003	B1
6615072	Izatt et al.	Sep 2003	B1
6654630	Zuluaga et al.	Nov 2003	B2
6658278	Gruhl	Dec 2003	B2
6879851	McNamara et al.	Apr 2005	B2
6881194	Miyata et al.	Apr 2005	B2
6891984	Petersen et al.	May 2005	B2
6904197	Bhagavatula et al.	Jun 2005	B2
6904199	Zuluaga	Jun 2005	B2
6925320	Gruhl	Aug 2005	B2
6940885	Cheng et al.	Sep 2005	B1
7003184	Ronnekleiv et al.	Feb 2006	B2
7016024	Bridge et al.	Mar 2006	B2
7022118	Ariura et al.	Apr 2006	B2
7029436	Iizuka et al.	Apr 2006	B2
7099358	Chong	Aug 2006	B1
7134994	Alpert et al.	Nov 2006	B2
7155272	Yamaguchi et al.	Dec 2006	B2
7180600	Horii et al.	Feb 2007	B2
7231243	Tearney et al.	Jun 2007	B2
7241286	Atlas	Jul 2007	B2
7365859	Yun et al.	Apr 2008	B2
7366376	Shishkov et al.	Apr 2008	B2
7382949	Bouma et al.	Jun 2008	B2
7450980	Kawanishi	Nov 2008	B2
7551293	Yelin et al.	Jun 2009	B2
7567349	Tearney et al.	Jul 2009	B2
7625366	Atlas	Dec 2009	B2
7682089	Rohlen	Mar 2010	B2
7691061	Hirota	Apr 2010	B2
7711413	Feldman et al.	May 2010	B2
7724786	Bouma et al.	May 2010	B2
7733497	Yun et al.	Jun 2010	B2
7738941	Hirota	Jun 2010	B2
7740408	Irisawa	Jun 2010	B2
7742173	Yun et al.	Jun 2010	B2
7761139	Tearney et al.	Jul 2010	B2
7783337	Feldman et al.	Aug 2010	B2
7794230	Lakin et al.	Sep 2010	B2
7803141	Epstein et al.	Sep 2010	B2
7812961	Yamaguchi	Oct 2010	B2
7813609	Petersen et al.	Oct 2010	B2
7815632	Hayakawa et al.	Oct 2010	B2
7843572	Tearney et al.	Nov 2010	B2
7847949	Tearney et al.	Dec 2010	B2
7848791	Schmitt et al.	Dec 2010	B2
7872759	Tearney et al.	Jan 2011	B2
7905838	Hirota	Mar 2011	B2
7911621	Motaghiannezam et al.	Mar 2011	B2
7916387	Schmitt	Mar 2011	B2
7920271	Vakoc et al.	Apr 2011	B2
7922650	McWeeney et al.	Apr 2011	B2
7926562	Poitzsch et al.	Apr 2011	B2
7935060	Schmitt et al.	May 2011	B2
7940397	Masuda	May 2011	B2
7952718	Li et al.	May 2011	B2
7969578	Yun et al.	Jun 2011	B2
7982879	Desjardins et al.	Jul 2011	B2
8018598	Cense et al.	Sep 2011	B2
8029446	Horiike et al.	Oct 2011	B2
8029447	Kanz et al.	Oct 2011	B2
8032200	Tearney et al.	Oct 2011	B2
8040524	Ozawa	Oct 2011	B2
8047996	Goodnow et al.	Nov 2011	B2
8049900	Kemp et al.	Nov 2011	B2
8052605	Muller et al.	Nov 2011	B2
8055107	Masuda	Nov 2011	B2
8081316	De Boer et al.	Dec 2011	B2
8094319	Onimura	Jan 2012	B2
8100833	Hirota	Jan 2012	B2
8108032	Onimura et al.	Jan 2012	B2
8116605	Petersen et al.	Feb 2012	B2
8125648	Milner et al.	Feb 2012	B2
8149418	Tearney et al.	Apr 2012	B2
8157741	Hirota	Apr 2012	B2
8157742	Taylor	Apr 2012	B2
8174702	Tearney et al.	May 2012	B2
8206372	Larson et al.	Jun 2012	B2
8206377	Petroff	Jun 2012	B2
8208995	Tearney et al.	Jun 2012	B2
8231516	Maschke	Jul 2012	B2
8241196	Scibona	Aug 2012	B2
8289522	Tearney et al.	Oct 2012	B2
RE43875	Shishkov et al.	Dec 2012	E
8322932	Irisawa	Dec 2012	B2
8325419	Schmitt	Dec 2012	B2
8337379	Fletcher et al.	Dec 2012	B2
8339592	Hlavinka et al.	Dec 2012	B2
8346348	Onimura	Jan 2013	B2
8351665	Tearney et al.	Jan 2013	B2
8355138	Yun et al.	Jan 2013	B2
8384907	Tearney et al.	Feb 2013	B2
8384909	Yun et al.	Feb 2013	B2
8412312	Judell et al.	Apr 2013	B2
8414496	Goodnow et al.	Apr 2013	B2
8449439	Fletcher et al.	May 2013	B2
8449468	Petersen et al.	May 2013	B2
8452371	Feldman et al.	May 2013	B2
8473037	Irisawa	Jun 2013	B2
8473073	Vardiman	Jun 2013	B2
8478384	Schmitt et al.	Jul 2013	B2
8478387	Xu	Jul 2013	B2
8493567	Inoue	Jul 2013	B2
8501015	Fletcher et al.	Aug 2013	B2
8503844	Petersen et al.	Aug 2013	B2
8531676	Condit et al.	Sep 2013	B2
8535210	Kolenbrander et al.	Sep 2013	B2
8556820	Alpert et al.	Oct 2013	B2
8559012	Tearney et al.	Oct 2013	B2
8581643	Schmitt	Nov 2013	B1
8582109	Schmitt	Nov 2013	B1
8582619	Adler	Nov 2013	B2
8582934	Adler et al.	Nov 2013	B2
8585592	Luevano et al.	Nov 2013	B2
8593619	Colice et al.	Nov 2013	B2
8593641	Kemp et al.	Nov 2013	B2
8618032	Kurita	Dec 2013	B2
8626453	Myoujou et al.	Jan 2014	B2
8636659	Alpert et al.	Jan 2014	B2
8676013	Bouma et al.	Mar 2014	B2
8676299	Schmitt et al.	Mar 2014	B2
8687201	Adler	Apr 2014	B2
8705046	Yun et al.	Apr 2014	B2
8712506	Courtney et al.	Apr 2014	B2
8753281	Schmitt et al.	Jun 2014	B2
8760663	Tearney et al.	Jun 2014	B2
8761469	Kemp et al.	Jun 2014	B2
8786336	Schmitt	Jul 2014	B1
8804126	Tearney et al.	Aug 2014	B2
8808186	Fruland et al.	Aug 2014	B2
8810901	Huber et al.	Aug 2014	B2
8825142	Suehara	Sep 2014	B2
8827926	Kinoshita et al.	Sep 2014	B2
8831321	Elbasiony	Sep 2014	B1
8868159	Onimura	Oct 2014	B2
8885171	Watanabe et al.	Nov 2014	B2
8896838	Tearney et al.	Nov 2014	B2
8902941	Schmitt	Dec 2014	B2
8909324	Furuichi	Dec 2014	B2
8911357	Omori	Dec 2014	B2
8926590	Petroff	Jan 2015	B2
8928889	Tearney et al.	Jan 2015	B2
8945526	Akitsu et al.	Feb 2015	B2
8948228	Adler	Feb 2015	B2
8948613	Schmitt et al.	Feb 2015	B2
8953911	Xu et al.	Feb 2015	B1
8983582	Webler	Mar 2015	B2
8989849	Milner et al.	Mar 2015	B2
8994803	Kaneko	Mar 2015	B2
8996099	Feldman et al.	Mar 2015	B2
8998797	Omori	Apr 2015	B2
9007696	Petersen et al.	Apr 2015	B2
9033890	Furuichi	May 2015	B2
9036966	Bhagavatula et al.	May 2015	B2
9039626	Courtney	May 2015	B2
9060689	Tearney et al.	Jun 2015	B2
9069396	Adler et al.	Jun 2015	B2
9081148	Tearney et al.	Jul 2015	B2
9084532	Horiike	Jul 2015	B2
9087368	Tearney et al.	Jul 2015	B2
9091524	Adler et al.	Jul 2015	B2
9101298	Hossack et al.	Aug 2015	B2
9107682	Scheller et al.	Aug 2015	B2
9107687	Kinoshita et al.	Aug 2015	B2
9121926	Nair et al.	Sep 2015	B2
9131850	Liu et al.	Sep 2015	B2
9138147	Schmitt et al.	Sep 2015	B2
9164240	Schmitt et al.	Oct 2015	B2
9168003	Suzuki et al.	Oct 2015	B2
9173572	Colice et al.	Nov 2015	B2
9173591	Elbasiony et al.	Nov 2015	B2
9194690	Bhagavatula et al.	Nov 2015	B2
9207064	Inoue	Dec 2015	B2
9226660	De Boer et al.	Jan 2016	B2
9226665	Tearney et al.	Jan 2016	B2
9254102	Tearney et al.	Feb 2016	B2
9289127	Mitsuhashi et al.	Mar 2016	B2
9289582	Suehara	Mar 2016	B2
9295450	Furuichi et al.	Mar 2016	B2
9295455	Karino et al.	Mar 2016	B2
9301687	Kemp	Apr 2016	B2
9304121	Tearney et al.	Apr 2016	B2
9322639	Watanabe et al.	Apr 2016	B2
9326789	Fruland et al.	May 2016	B2
9330092	Vakoc et al.	May 2016	B2
9339173	McWeeney et al.	May 2016	B2
9339348	Davies et al.	May 2016	B2
9345864	Suehara	May 2016	B2
9347765	Kemp et al.	May 2016	B2
9351698	Dascal et al.	May 2016	B2
9357923	Courtney et al.	Jun 2016	B2
9375148	Senoo	Jun 2016	B2
9375158	Vakoc et al.	Jun 2016	B2
9375164	Tolkowsky et al.	Jun 2016	B2
9377290	Yun et al.	Jun 2016	B2
9404731	Adler et al.	Aug 2016	B2
9408539	Tearney et al.	Aug 2016	B2
9417052	Adler	Aug 2016	B2
9435736	Kolenbrander et al.	Sep 2016	B2
9435956	Ku et al.	Sep 2016	B1
9439570	Vertikov	Sep 2016	B2
9441948	Vakoc et al.	Sep 2016	B2
9462950	Xu	Oct 2016	B2
9464883	Swanson et al.	Oct 2016	B2
9488464	Schmitt	Nov 2016	B1
9507074	Zhu et al.	Nov 2016	B2
9513276	Tearney et al.	Dec 2016	B2
9526424	Judell et al.	Dec 2016	B2
9566752	Hartkorn	Feb 2017	B2
9572495	Schmitt et al.	Feb 2017	B2
9572496	Furuichi et al.	Feb 2017	B2
9605942	Staloff	Mar 2017	B2
9610064	Adler et al.	Apr 2017	B2
9615771	Furuichi et al.	Apr 2017	B2
9622706	Dick et al.	Apr 2017	B2
9638862	Bhagavatula et al.	May 2017	B2
9642531	Tearney et al.	May 2017	B2
9645322	Murashima et al.	May 2017	B2
9646377	Tearney et al.	May 2017	B2
9659375	Zagrodsky et al.	May 2017	B2
9702687	Schmitt	Jul 2017	B2
9702762	Friedman et al.	Jul 2017	B2
9704240	Lam et al.	Jul 2017	B2
9710891	Sakamoto	Jul 2017	B2
9730613	Stigall et al.	Aug 2017	B2
9763623	Tearney et al.	Sep 2017	B2
9778020	Tumlinson et al.	Oct 2017	B2
9788790	Black et al.	Oct 2017	B2
9808303	Ryba et al.	Nov 2017	B2
9812846	Yun et al.	Nov 2017	B2
9833221	Hutchins et al.	Dec 2017	B2
9836835	Furuichi et al.	Dec 2017	B2
9843159	Cable et al.	Dec 2017	B2
9855020	Nair et al.	Jan 2018	B2
9858387	Lavi et al.	Jan 2018	B2
9864140	Adler et al.	Jan 2018	B2
9872665	Okubo et al.	Jan 2018	B2
9891044	Tu et al.	Feb 2018	B2
9897538	Tearney et al.	Feb 2018	B2
9907527	Dascal et al.	Mar 2018	B2
9933244	Krol et al.	Apr 2018	B2
9940723	Gopinath et al.	Apr 2018	B2
9943233	Lavi et al.	Apr 2018	B2
9962127	Wang et al.	May 2018	B2
9980648	Itoh et al.	May 2018	B2
9983356	Schmitt et al.	May 2018	B2
9986938	Tu et al.	Jun 2018	B2
9989945	Adler et al.	Jun 2018	B2
9996921	Ambwani et al.	Jun 2018	B2
10004400	Nakamoto et al.	Jun 2018	B2
10004863	Vazales et al.	Jun 2018	B2
10006753	Schmitt et al.	Jun 2018	B2
10028725	Petroff	Jul 2018	B2
10089755	Griffin et al.	Oct 2018	B2
10092188	Jaffer et al.	Oct 2018	B2
10109058	Ambwani et al.	Oct 2018	B2
10124153	Feig et al.	Nov 2018	B2
10140712	Ambwani	Nov 2018	B2
10162114	Bhagavatula et al.	Dec 2018	B2
10172582	Dascal et al.	Jan 2019	B2
10186056	Senzig et al.	Jan 2019	B2
10207124	Shimizu et al.	Feb 2019	B2
10213109	Itoh et al.	Feb 2019	B2
10213186	Inoue et al.	Feb 2019	B2
10219780	Castella et al.	Mar 2019	B2
10222956	Gopinath et al.	Mar 2019	B2
10238349	Furuichi et al.	Mar 2019	B2
10261223	Tearney et al.	Apr 2019	B2
10271818	Kobayashi	Apr 2019	B2
10285568	Tearney et al.	May 2019	B2
10327726	Dascal et al.	Jun 2019	B2
10331099	Adler et al.	Jun 2019	B2
10335039	Xu	Jul 2019	B2
10338795	Gopinath et al.	Jul 2019	B2
10342502	Dascal et al.	Jul 2019	B2
10387013	Jamello	Aug 2019	B2
10453190	Griffin	Oct 2019	B2
10453191	Shalev et al.	Oct 2019	B2
10453196	Ambwani	Oct 2019	B2
10463254	Tearney et al.	Nov 2019	B2
10499813	Adler	Dec 2019	B2
10529093	Griffin et al.	Jan 2020	B2
10551251	Friedman et al.	Feb 2020	B2
10593037	Gopinath	Mar 2020	B2
10631754	Gopinath	Apr 2020	B2
10646198	Peterson et al.	May 2020	B2
10648918	Schmitt	May 2020	B2
10687777	Dascal et al.	Jun 2020	B2
10713786	Ambwani et al.	Jul 2020	B2
10729376	Courtney	Aug 2020	B2
10792012	Hutchins et al.	Oct 2020	B2
10878572	Gopinath et al.	Dec 2020	B2
10902599	Ambwani et al.	Jan 2021	B2
20020041724	Ronnekleiv et al.	Apr 2002	A1
20020072880	Svanerudh et al.	Jun 2002	A1
20020099289	Crowley	Jul 2002	A1
20020131049	Schmitt	Sep 2002	A1
20020151823	Miyata et al.	Oct 2002	A1
20020163622	Magnin et al.	Nov 2002	A1
20020183601	Tearney et al.	Dec 2002	A1
20020183622	Zuluaga et al.	Dec 2002	A1
20020188204	McNamara et al.	Dec 2002	A1
20020198457	Tearney et al.	Dec 2002	A1
20030004417	Ariura et al.	Jan 2003	A1
20030013952	Iizuka et al.	Jan 2003	A1
20030073909	Gruhl	Apr 2003	A1
20030081875	Kochergin et al.	May 2003	A1
20030165291	Bhagavatula et al.	Sep 2003	A1
20030216621	Alpert et al.	Nov 2003	A1
20040017961	Petersen et al.	Jan 2004	A1
20040034290	Zuluaga	Feb 2004	A1
20040082861	Gruhl	Apr 2004	A1
20040092913	Hennings et al.	May 2004	A1
20040215166	Atlas	Oct 2004	A1
20050004453	Tearney et al.	Jan 2005	A1
20050038406	Epstein et al.	Feb 2005	A1
20050101870	Yamaguchi et al.	May 2005	A1
20050128488	Yelin et al.	Jun 2005	A1
20050168751	Horii et al.	Aug 2005	A1
20050187422	Maschke	Aug 2005	A1
20050201662	Petersen et al.	Sep 2005	A1
20050221277	Kawanishi	Oct 2005	A1
20050259242	Bridge et al.	Nov 2005	A1
20050272975	McWeeney et al.	Dec 2005	A1
20050288583	Hirota	Dec 2005	A1
20060039004	De Boer et al.	Feb 2006	A1
20060055936	Yun et al.	Mar 2006	A1
20060058622	Tearney et al.	Mar 2006	A1
20060067620	Shishkov et al.	Mar 2006	A1
20060091566	Yang et al.	May 2006	A1
20060093276	Bouma et al.	May 2006	A1
20060095065	Tanimura et al.	May 2006	A1
20060135870	Webler	Jun 2006	A1
20060166176	Lakin et al.	Jul 2006	A1
20060227333	Tearney et al.	Oct 2006	A1
20060241484	Horiike et al.	Oct 2006	A1
20060241493	Feldman et al.	Oct 2006	A1
20060241503	Schmitt et al.	Oct 2006	A1
20060244973	Yun et al.	Nov 2006	A1
20060247743	Hayakawa et al.	Nov 2006	A1
20060279742	Tearney et al.	Dec 2006	A1
20070012886	Tearney et al.	Jan 2007	A1
20070015969	Feldman et al.	Jan 2007	A1
20070035743	Vakoc et al.	Feb 2007	A1
20070038040	Cense et al.	Feb 2007	A1
20070038274	Ishii et al.	Feb 2007	A1
20070060822	Alpert et al.	Mar 2007	A1
20070073162	Tearney et al.	Mar 2007	A1
20070081236	Tearney et al.	Apr 2007	A1
20070106155	Goodnow et al.	May 2007	A1
20070121196	Tearney et al.	May 2007	A1
20070201033	Desjardins et al.	Aug 2007	A1
20070229801	Tearney et al.	Oct 2007	A1
20070232890	Hirota	Oct 2007	A1
20070232891	Hirota	Oct 2007	A1
20070232892	Hirota	Oct 2007	A1
20070232893	Tanioka	Oct 2007	A1
20070233396	Tearney et al.	Oct 2007	A1
20070236700	Yun et al.	Oct 2007	A1
20070244391	Hirota	Oct 2007	A1
20070260198	Atlas	Nov 2007	A1
20080002211	Park et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080004530	Feldman et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080007734	Park et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080019908	Akitsu et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080021275	Tearney et al.	Jan 2008	A1
20080045394	Fletcher et al.	Feb 2008	A1
20080049232	Vakoc et al.	Feb 2008	A1
20080161696	Schmitt et al.	Jul 2008	A1
20080165366	Schmitt	Jul 2008	A1
20080177139	Courtney et al.	Jul 2008	A1
20080181263	Bouma et al.	Jul 2008	A1
20080208227	Kadykowski et al.	Aug 2008	A1
20080225301	Yamaguchi	Sep 2008	A1
20080262346	Assis et al.	Oct 2008	A1
20080269572	Kanz et al.	Oct 2008	A1
20080291463	Milner et al.	Nov 2008	A1
20080297806	Motaghiannezam et al.	Dec 2008	A1
20090018393	Dick et al.	Jan 2009	A1
20090027689	Yun et al.	Jan 2009	A1
20090036782	Vakoc et al.	Feb 2009	A1
20090043191	Castella et al.	Feb 2009	A1
20090046295	Kemp et al.	Feb 2009	A1
20090046980	Rohlen	Feb 2009	A1
20090073454	Ozawa	Mar 2009	A1
20090073455	Onimura	Mar 2009	A1
20090093980	Kemp et al.	Apr 2009	A1
20090122320	Petersen et al.	May 2009	A1
20090131801	Suter et al.	May 2009	A1
20090135429	Masuda	May 2009	A1
20090143686	Onimura et al.	Jun 2009	A1
20090182246	Kinoshita et al.	Jul 2009	A1
20090192519	Omori	Jul 2009	A1
20090196477	Cense et al.	Aug 2009	A1
20090196554	Irisawa	Aug 2009	A1
20090251704	Masuda	Oct 2009	A1
20090261240	Watanabe et al.	Oct 2009	A1
20090262361	Tanioka et al.	Oct 2009	A1
20090283258	Poitzsch et al.	Nov 2009	A1
20090299195	Muller	Dec 2009	A1
20090306520	Schmitt et al.	Dec 2009	A1
20090323076	Li et al.	Dec 2009	A1
20100019189	Kurita	Jan 2010	A1
20100042084	Nariyuki et al.	Feb 2010	A1
20100073682	Inoue	Mar 2010	A1
20100076320	Petersen et al.	Mar 2010	A1
20100094127	Xu	Apr 2010	A1
20100110414	Colice et al.	May 2010	A1
20100130872	Irisawa	May 2010	A1
20100157309	Tearney et al.	Jun 2010	A1
20100158339	Omori	Jun 2010	A1
20100160134	Scibona	Jun 2010	A1
20100160780	Swan et al.	Jun 2010	A1
20100168587	Feldman et al.	Jul 2010	A1
20100220334	Condit et al.	Sep 2010	A1
20100241154	Larson et al.	Sep 2010	A1
20100249588	Knight	Sep 2010	A1
20100249601	Courtney	Sep 2010	A1
20100253949	Adler et al.	Oct 2010	A1
20100298908	Vardiman	Nov 2010	A1
20100305452	Black et al.	Dec 2010	A1
20100309477	Yun et al.	Dec 2010	A1
20110007315	Petersen et al.	Jan 2011	A1
20110009741	Matthews et al.	Jan 2011	A1
20110019182	Hlavinka et al.	Jan 2011	A1
20110058178	Tearney et al.	Mar 2011	A1
20110071404	Schmitt et al.	Mar 2011	A1
20110071405	Judell et al.	Mar 2011	A1
20110092823	Tearney et al.	Apr 2011	A1
20110101207	Schmitt	May 2011	A1
20110143905	Kolenbrander et al.	Jun 2011	A1
20110144504	Tearney et al.	Jun 2011	A1
20110149296	Tearney et al.	Jun 2011	A1
20110151980	Petroff	Jun 2011	A1
20110152771	Milner et al.	Jun 2011	A1
20110157686	Huber et al.	Jun 2011	A1
20110172511	Petersen et al.	Jul 2011	A1
20110178398	Tearney et al.	Jul 2011	A1
20110178413	Schmitt et al.	Jul 2011	A1
20110196217	Myoujou et al.	Aug 2011	A1
20110201924	Tearney et al.	Aug 2011	A1
20110216325	Schmitt	Sep 2011	A1
20110218403	Tearney et al.	Sep 2011	A1
20110224541	Yun et al.	Sep 2011	A1
20110228280	Schmitt et al.	Sep 2011	A1
20110237958	Onimura	Sep 2011	A1
20110245683	Onimura	Oct 2011	A1
20110245684	Onimura	Oct 2011	A1
20110261366	Tearney et al.	Oct 2011	A1
20110267340	Kraus et al.	Nov 2011	A1
20110270091	Hossack et al.	Nov 2011	A1
20110292400	Fleming et al.	Dec 2011	A1
20110299091	Yun et al.	Dec 2011	A1
20120002928	Irisawa	Jan 2012	A1
20120004506	Tearney et al.	Jan 2012	A1
20120007974	Kaneko	Jan 2012	A1
20120008146	Tearney et al.	Jan 2012	A1
20120013914	Kemp et al.	Jan 2012	A1
20120022360	Kemp	Jan 2012	A1
20120035454	Tearney et al.	Feb 2012	A1
20120053918	Taylor	Mar 2012	A1
20120057157	Petersen et al.	Mar 2012	A1
20120063570	Furuichi et al.	Mar 2012	A1
20120065517	Goodnow et al.	Mar 2012	A1
20120071736	Luevano et al.	Mar 2012	A1
20120123352	Fruland et al.	May 2012	A1
20120127476	De Boer et al.	May 2012	A1
20120135384	Nakao	May 2012	A1
20120170848	Kemp et al.	Jul 2012	A1
20120190974	Suehara	Jul 2012	A1
20120215091	Suzuki et al.	Aug 2012	A1
20120220836	Alpert et al.	Aug 2012	A1
20120226151	Irisawa	Sep 2012	A1
20120236883	Adler	Sep 2012	A1
20120238869	Schmitt et al.	Sep 2012	A1
20120243761	Senzig et al.	Sep 2012	A1
20120245459	Senoo	Sep 2012	A1
20120250028	Schmitt et al.	Oct 2012	A1
20120253114	Kinoshita et al.	Oct 2012	A1
20120253123	Shimizu et al.	Oct 2012	A1
20120253184	Furuichi et al.	Oct 2012	A1
20120253185	Furuichi	Oct 2012	A1
20120281237	Tearney et al.	Nov 2012	A1
20120310081	Adler et al.	Dec 2012	A1
20120330101	Brennan et al.	Dec 2012	A1
20130002843	Horiike	Jan 2013	A1
20130006104	Mitsuhashi et al.	Jan 2013	A1
20130006105	Furuichi	Jan 2013	A1
20130010303	Petersen et al.	Jan 2013	A1
20130012810	Nakamoto et al.	Jan 2013	A1
20130012811	Schmitt et al.	Jan 2013	A1
20130023760	Liu et al.	Jan 2013	A1
20130023761	Petroff	Jan 2013	A1
20130046190	Davies et al.	Feb 2013	A1
20130051728	Petroff et al.	Feb 2013	A1
20130072367	Fletcher et al.	Mar 2013	A1
20130072805	Schmitt et al.	Mar 2013	A1
20130079630	Horiike	Mar 2013	A1
20130079631	Horiike et al.	Mar 2013	A1
20130100455	Tearney et al.	Apr 2013	A1
20130107043	Fletcher et al.	May 2013	A1
20130116671	Scheller et al.	May 2013	A1
20130128274	Yun et al.	May 2013	A1
20130148106	Tearney et al.	Jun 2013	A1
20130176571	Tearney et al.	Jul 2013	A1
20130185023	Vakoc et al.	Jul 2013	A1
20130188850	Tearney et al.	Jul 2013	A1
20130215427	Bouma et al.	Aug 2013	A1
20130217964	Kumoyama et al.	Aug 2013	A1
20130222813	Watanabe et al.	Aug 2013	A1
20130246034	Sharma et al.	Sep 2013	A1
20130266259	Bhagavatula et al.	Oct 2013	A1
20130278936	Inoue	Oct 2013	A1
20130281844	Karino et al.	Oct 2013	A1
20130303907	Corl	Nov 2013	A1
20130310698	Judell et al.	Nov 2013	A1
20130314716	Tearney et al.	Nov 2013	A1
20130331689	Le et al.	Dec 2013	A1
20140005023	Kolenbrander et al.	Jan 2014	A1
20140018669	Xu	Jan 2014	A1
20140024930	Furuichi et al.	Jan 2014	A1
20140024931	Winston et al.	Jan 2014	A1
20140031677	Iftimia et al.	Jan 2014	A1
20140031679	Tashiro et al.	Jan 2014	A1
20140036941	Desmond	Feb 2014	A1
20140063488	Adler	Mar 2014	A1
20140066706	McWeeney et al.	Mar 2014	A1
20140066756	Sinclair et al.	Mar 2014	A1
20140083970	Kumar et al.	Mar 2014	A1
20140088411	Suehara et al.	Mar 2014	A1
20140094697	Petroff et al.	Apr 2014	A1
20140100451	Tolkowsky et al.	Apr 2014	A1
20140114182	Petersen et al.	Apr 2014	A1
20140142427	Petroff	May 2014	A1
20140142432	Hutchins et al.	May 2014	A1
20140142436	Hutchins et al.	May 2014	A1
20140150782	Vazales et al.	Jun 2014	A1
20140177935	Nair et al.	Jun 2014	A1
20140180071	Stigall et al.	Jun 2014	A1
20140187929	Schmitt et al.	Jul 2014	A1
20140200867	Lavi et al.	Jul 2014	A1
20140206989	Colice et al.	Jul 2014	A1
20140207168	Kawaura et al.	Jul 2014	A1
20140218742	Adler	Aug 2014	A1
20140243876	Suehara	Aug 2014	A1
20140247454	Bhagavatula et al.	Sep 2014	A1
20140249407	Adler et al.	Sep 2014	A1
20140257087	Elbasiony et al.	Sep 2014	A1
20140267038	Adler et al.	Sep 2014	A1
20140268167	Friedman et al.	Sep 2014	A1
20140270436	Dascal et al.	Sep 2014	A1
20140270445	Kemp	Sep 2014	A1
20140276020	Hutchins et al.	Sep 2014	A1
20140276108	Vertikov	Sep 2014	A1
20140277072	Suehara	Sep 2014	A1
20140301620	Tearney et al.	Oct 2014	A1
20140323877	Courtney et al.	Oct 2014	A1
20140346693	Hartkorn	Nov 2014	A1
20140371598	Okubo et al.	Dec 2014	A1
20140376000	Swanson et al.	Dec 2014	A1
20140378845	Nadkarni	Dec 2014	A1
20140379269	Schmitt	Dec 2014	A1
20150005615	Inoue et al.	Jan 2015	A1
20150005626	Kaneko	Jan 2015	A1
20150005627	Itoh et al.	Jan 2015	A1
20150005628	Itoh et al.	Jan 2015	A1
20150025369	Bhagavatula et al.	Jan 2015	A1
20150029513	Tearney et al.	Jan 2015	A1
20150036146	Staloff	Feb 2015	A1
20150049339	Tearney et al.	Feb 2015	A1
20150051485	Itoh et al.	Feb 2015	A1
20150057958	Watanabe et al.	Feb 2015	A1
20150077755	Yun et al.	Mar 2015	A1
20150080700	Fruland et al.	Mar 2015	A1
20150099968	Jamello	Apr 2015	A1
20150099975	Lam et al.	Apr 2015	A1
20150119707	Petroff	Apr 2015	A1
20150133773	Jaffer et al.	May 2015	A1
20150133776	Hoffman	May 2015	A1
20150133789	Ariura et al.	May 2015	A1
20150153157	Schmitt et al.	Jun 2015	A1
20150164331	Burgess	Jun 2015	A1
20150164423	Webler	Jun 2015	A1
20150182192	Kaneko	Jul 2015	A1
20150190054	Kaneko	Jul 2015	A1
20150192405	Schmitt	Jul 2015	A1
20150196285	Mori	Jul 2015	A1
20150216415	Uribe-Patarroyo et al.	Aug 2015	A1
20150219854	Bhagavatula et al.	Aug 2015	A1
20150230775	Kobayashi	Aug 2015	A1
20150238084	Tearney et al.	Aug 2015	A1
20150238121	Tu et al.	Aug 2015	A1
20150245768	Hasegawa et al.	Sep 2015	A1
20150257704	Courtney	Sep 2015	A1
20150257850	Sakamoto	Sep 2015	A1
20150265152	Feldman et al.	Sep 2015	A1
20150265162	Lavi et al.	Sep 2015	A1
20150268039	Tu et al.	Sep 2015	A1
20150282737	Tolkowsky et al.	Oct 2015	A1
20150297097	Matsubara	Oct 2015	A1
20150297373	Schmitt et al.	Oct 2015	A1
20150306361	Feig et al.	Oct 2015	A1
20150320317	Furuichi et al.	Nov 2015	A1
20150366534	Nair et al.	Dec 2015	A1
20150370229	Adler et al.	Dec 2015	A1
20150371382	Furuichi et al.	Dec 2015	A1
20160000406	Petroff	Jan 2016	A1
20160007838	Ariura et al.	Jan 2016	A1
20160008090	Yokoi et al.	Jan 2016	A1
20160015337	Inoue et al.	Jan 2016	A1
20160018211	Adler et al.	Jan 2016	A1
20160022208	Gopinath	Jan 2016	A1
20160022248	Mori et al.	Jan 2016	A1
20160070066	Schmitt et al.	Mar 2016	A1
20160073885	Adler	Mar 2016	A1
20160089203	Shimizu et al.	Mar 2016	A1
20160089547	Shimizu et al.	Mar 2016	A1
20160092749	Sakamoto	Mar 2016	A1
20160093049	Kobayashi	Mar 2016	A1
20160095577	Itoh et al.	Apr 2016	A1
20160120408	Bhagavatula et al.	May 2016	A1
20160120492	Honma et al.	May 2016	A1
20160124134	Zhu et al.	May 2016	A1
20160157803	Keller	Jun 2016	A1
20160166815	Suehara	Jun 2016	A1
20160171701	Zagrodsky et al.	Jun 2016	A1
20160171711	Gopinath et al.	Jun 2016	A1
20160174925	Dascal et al.	Jun 2016	A1
20160199017	Shimizu et al.	Jul 2016	A1
20160202417	Bhagavatula et al.	Jul 2016	A1
20160206208	Yamamoto et al.	Jul 2016	A1
20160206267	Shimizu et al.	Jul 2016	A1
20160206290	Itoh et al.	Jul 2016	A1
20160228071	Wang et al.	Aug 2016	A1
20160270766	Kobayashi	Sep 2016	A1
20160301189	Cable et al.	Oct 2016	A1
20160313507	Adler et al.	Oct 2016	A1
20160320170	Yun et al.	Nov 2016	A1
20160320564	Murashima et al.	Nov 2016	A1
20160335763	Ambwani et al.	Nov 2016	A1
20160335766	Ambwani et al.	Nov 2016	A1
20160338753	Ryba et al.	Nov 2016	A1
20160341538	Tumlinson et al.	Nov 2016	A1
20160349417	Tearney et al.	Dec 2016	A1
20160370168	Krol et al.	Dec 2016	A1
20170014100	Mori	Jan 2017	A1
20170020392	Xu	Jan 2017	A1
20170024532	Gopinath et al.	Jan 2017	A1
20170024910	Griffin et al.	Jan 2017	A1
20170103520	Gopinath et al.	Apr 2017	A1
20170135663	Dascal et al.	May 2017	A1
20170140243	Ambwani	May 2017	A1
20170140531	Dascal et al.	May 2017	A1
20170140532	Dascal et al.	May 2017	A1
20170140560	Kraus et al.	May 2017	A1
20170143296	Peterson et al.	May 2017	A1
20170148161	Griffin	May 2017	A1
20170153439	Horiike	Jun 2017	A1
20170188831	Adler et al.	Jul 2017	A1
20170238809	Tearney et al.	Aug 2017	A1
20170261378	Friedman et al.	Sep 2017	A1
20170301084	Gopinath	Oct 2017	A1
20170309018	Shalev et al.	Oct 2017	A1
20170311806	Comstock, II et al.	Nov 2017	A1
20170325712	Gopinath	Nov 2017	A1
20170367581	Tearney et al.	Dec 2017	A1
20180003482	Schmitt	Jan 2018	A1
20180085095	Hutchins et al.	Mar 2018	A1
20180085170	Gopinath	Mar 2018	A1
20180125372	Petroff et al.	May 2018	A1
20180172424	Comstock, II et al.	Jun 2018	A1
20180177404	Liu	Jun 2018	A1
20180192957	Schmitt et al.	Jul 2018	A1
20180192983	Dascal et al.	Jul 2018	A1
20180225830	Gopinath et al.	Aug 2018	A1
20180226773	Yun et al.	Aug 2018	A1
20180275622	Adler et al.	Sep 2018	A1
20180293730	Ambwani et al.	Oct 2018	A1
20180306569	Schmitt et al.	Oct 2018	A1
20180344173	Tu et al.	Dec 2018	A1
20180344174	Schmitt et al.	Dec 2018	A9
20180353241	Tu et al.	Dec 2018	A1
20190035114	Griffin et al.	Jan 2019	A1
20190096063	Ambwani	Mar 2019	A1
20190099237	Booker et al.	Apr 2019	A1
20190220980	Ambwani et al.	Jul 2019	A1
20190307412	Dascal et al.	Oct 2019	A1
20190365480	Gopinath et al.	Dec 2019	A1
20190380594	Schmitt et al.	Dec 2019	A1
20200142575	Gopinath et al.	May 2020	A1
20200167923	Gopinath	May 2020	A1
20200355557	Friedman et al.	Nov 2020	A1
20200397405	Hutchins et al.	Dec 2020	A1
20210004955	Ambwani et al.	Jan 2021	A1

Foreign Referenced Citations (119)

Number	Date	Country
2014200116	Jan 2014	AU
1684624	Oct 2005	CN
1780584	May 2006	CN
203801215	Sep 2014	CN
203801216	Sep 2014	CN
203805643	Sep 2014	CN
203805646	Sep 2014	CN
105019592	Nov 2015	CN
204826364	Dec 2015	CN
105662387	Jun 2016	CN
106570313	Apr 2017	CN
106650029	May 2017	CN
106805989	Jun 2017	CN
106974622	Jul 2017	CN
107115108	Sep 2017	CN
107133959	Sep 2017	CN
107233106	Oct 2017	CN
107745346	Mar 2018	CN
107978371	May 2018	CN
108022650	May 2018	CN
108038848	May 2018	CN
207464715	Jun 2018	CN
69738291	Sep 2008	DE
112016005442	Aug 2018	DE
112016005603	Oct 2018	DE
0883793	Dec 1998	EP
1685366	Aug 2006	EP
2505129	Oct 2012	EP
2803973	Nov 2014	EP
2512077	Sep 2014	GB
2000503237	Mar 2000	JP
2000097845	Apr 2000	JP
2000097846	Apr 2000	JP
2005230552	Sep 2005	JP
2005533610	Nov 2005	JP
2006271869	Oct 2006	JP
2007268131	Oct 2007	JP
2008510586	Apr 2008	JP
2008523954	Jul 2008	JP
2009072291	Apr 2009	JP
4494203	Jun 2010	JP
2010167029	Aug 2010	JP
2010188138	Sep 2010	JP
2010533052	Oct 2010	JP
2011078550	Apr 2011	JP
2012147860	Aug 2012	JP
2012521852	Sep 2012	JP
5093787	Dec 2012	JP
2012254211	Dec 2012	JP
2013500142	Jan 2013	JP
2013506136	Feb 2013	JP
5269809	Aug 2013	JP
2014505496	Mar 2014	JP
5474190	Apr 2014	JP
2014180575	Sep 2014	JP
2014526283	Oct 2014	JP
5622796	Nov 2014	JP
5635149	Dec 2014	JP
5643315	Dec 2014	JP
2015013217	Jan 2015	JP
5689728	Mar 2015	JP
5721721	May 2015	JP
2015518393	Jul 2015	JP
5778579	Sep 2015	JP
2015164660	Sep 2015	JP
5814860	Nov 2015	JP
2015532717	Nov 2015	JP
5856605	Feb 2016	JP
2016508750	Mar 2016	JP
2016514996	May 2016	JP
5987025	Sep 2016	JP
5997232	Sep 2016	JP
2018507400	Mar 2018	JP
2018527961	Sep 2018	JP
2004010856	Feb 2004	WO
2004096049	Nov 2004	WO
2005047813	May 2005	WO
2006024015	Mar 2006	WO
2006068927	Jun 2006	WO
2008134449	Nov 2008	WO
2009009799	Jan 2009	WO
2009009802	Jan 2009	WO
2009010963	Jan 2009	WO
2010095370	Aug 2010	WO
2010113374	Oct 2010	WO
2011038010	Mar 2011	WO
2011059829	May 2011	WO
2012002302	Jan 2012	WO
2012064966	May 2012	WO
2013033415	Mar 2013	WO
2013126390	Aug 2013	WO
2014142789	Sep 2014	WO
2014142815	Sep 2014	WO
2014149127	Sep 2014	WO
2014163601	Oct 2014	WO
2014175853	Oct 2014	WO
2015044978	Apr 2015	WO
2015044982	Apr 2015	WO
2015044983	Apr 2015	WO
2015044984	Apr 2015	WO
2015074018	May 2015	WO
2015103277	Jul 2015	WO
2015136853	Sep 2015	WO
2015141136	Sep 2015	WO
2016168605	Oct 2016	WO
2016187218	Nov 2016	WO
2016187231	Nov 2016	WO
2016210132	Dec 2016	WO
2017011587	Jan 2017	WO
2017019626	Feb 2017	WO
2017019634	Feb 2017	WO
2015044987	Mar 2017	WO
2015045368	Mar 2017	WO
2017040484	Mar 2017	WO
2017097074	Jun 2017	WO
2017189942	Nov 2017	WO
2017200381	Nov 2017	WO
2019108598	Jun 2019	WO
2020237024	Nov 2020	WO

Non-Patent Literature Citations (70)

Entry
Extended European Search Report dated Jun. 8, 2022 issued in related European Application No. 21217738.0.
Chinese Office Action dated May 25, 2020 issued in corresponding Chinese Application No. 201680034490.4, with English summary.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Dec. 2, 2021 issued in related International Application No. PCT/US2020/033953.
Japanese Office Action dated Nov. 17, 2020 issued in corresponding Japanese Application No. 2018-505582, with English translation.
“Imaging System Includes Imaging Probe and Delivery Devices” Specification, Drawings, and Prosecution History of U.S. Appl. No. 15/751,570, filed Feb. 9, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,631,718, issued Apr. 28, 2020, by Christopher Petroff, et al., which is stored in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
Athanasiou, L.S. et al. “Fully automated lumen segmentation of intracoronary optical coherence tomography images”, Medical Imaging 2017, vol. 10133, p. 101332I-1-101332I-7. Downloaded from the internet on Mar. 6, 2017: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/.
Berger, J.D. et al. “Widely tunable external cavity diode laser based on a MEMS electrostatic rotary actuator”, OSA/OFC 2001, pp. TuJ2-1-TuJ2-3.
Buus, J. et al. “Tunable Lasers in Optical Networks”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 24, No. 1 (Jan. 2006), pp. 5-11.
Chang-Hasnain, C.J. “Tunable VCSEL”, IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 6, No. 6 (Nov./Dec. 2000), pp. 978-987.
Chang-Hasnain, C.J., “Progress and Prospects of Long-Wavelength VCSELs”, IEEE Optical Communications (Feb. 2003), pp. S30-S34.
Chinn, S.R. et al. “Optical coherence tomography using a frequency-tunable optical source”, Optics Letters, vol. 22, No. 5 (Mar. 1, 1997), pp. 340-342.
Chinese Office Action dated Aug. 28, 2019 issued in corresponding Chinese Application No. 201680034490.4, with English summary.
Chinese Office Action dated Feb. 27, 2019 issued in corresponding Chinese Application No. 201680034490.4, with English translation.
European Office Action dated Feb. 4, 2020 issued in corresponding European Application No. 16780839.3.
Extended European Search Report dated Apr. 9, 2019 issued in corresponding European Application No. 16842796.1.
Extended European Search Report dated Jan. 2, 2019 issued in corresponding European Application No. 16780839.3.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Mar. 15, 2018 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US2016/049415.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Oct. 17, 2017 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US2016/027764.
International Search Report & Written Opinion dated Feb. 11, 2019, issued in related International Application No. PCT/US2018/062766.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 31, 2020 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US2019/051447.
International Search Report dated Jul. 14, 2016 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US2016/027764.
International Search Report dated Nov. 7, 2016, issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US2016/049415.
Japanese Office Action dated Mar. 31, 2020 issued in corresponding Japanese Application No. 2018-505582, with English translation.
Fermann, M.E. et al. “Ultrawide tunable Er solition fiber laser amplified in Yb-doped fiber”, Optics Letters, vol. 24, No. 20 (Oct. 15, 1999), pp. 1428-1430.
Focabex, “Core Structure of Optical Cables” Article (online). Feb. 1, 2002 (retrieved Jan. 8, 2020). Retrieved from the Internet: URL: http://www.focabex.com/library-n/CORE-STRUCTURE-OF-OPTICAL-FIBER-CABLES.pdf.
Golubovic, B. et al. “Optical frequency-domain reflectometry using rapid wavelength tuning of a Cr4+:forsterite laser”, Optics Letters, vol. 22, No. 22 (Nov. 15, 1997), pp. 1704-1706.
Harris Jr., J.S. “Tunable Long-Wavelength Vertical-Cavity Lasers: The Engine of Next Generation Optical Networks?”, IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 6, No. 6 (Nov./Dec. 2000), pp. 1145-1160.
Kakuta, T. et al. “Behavior of optical fibers under heavy irradiation”, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 41 (1998), pp. 201-205.
Meuwissen, M. et al. “Role of Variability in Microvascular Resistance onFractional Flow Reserve and Coronary Blood Flow Velocity Reserve in Intermediate Coronary Lesions”, Circulation, 103 (2001), pp. 184-187 [online—retrieved on Mar. 7, 2018]. Retrieved from the Internet URL: http://circ.ahajoumals.org/content/103/2/184.
Ofili, E.O. et al. “Differential characterization of blood flow, velocity, and vascular resistance between proximal and distal normal epicardial human coronary arteries: Analysis by intracoronary Doppler spectral flow velocity”, American Heart Journal (Jul. 1995), pp. 37-46.
Reed, W.A. et al. “Gradient-index fiber-optic microprobes for minimally invasive in vivo low-coherence interferometry”, Optics Letters, vol. 27, No. 20 (Oct. 15, 2002), pp. 1794-1796.
Fearney, G.J. et al. “High-speed phase- and group-delay scanning with a grating-based phase control delay line”, Optics Letters, vol. 22, No. 23 (Dec. 1, 1997), pp. 1811-1813.
Thorlabs, “Single Wavelength Graded-lndex (GRIN) Lenses” Product Catalogue (online). Apr. 9, 2016 (retrieved Jan. 8, 2020). Retrieved from the Internet: URL: https://www.thorlabs.com/NewGroupPage9.cfm? ObjectGroup_ID=1209.
Von der Weid, J.P. et al. “On the Characterization of Optical Fiber Network Components with Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 15, No. 7 (Jul. 1997), pp. 1131-1141.
Xi et al. “Diffractive catheter for ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain volumetric OCT imaging”, Optics Letters, vol. 39, No. 7 (Mar. 26, 2014), pp. 2016-2019.
Youngquist, R.C. et al.“Optical coherence-domain reflectometry: a new optical evaluation technique”, Optics Letters, vol. 12, No. 3 (Mar. 1987), pp. 158-160.
Yun, S.H. et al. “High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging”, Optics Express, vol. 11, No. 22 (Nov. 3, 2003), pp. 2953-2963.
Zheng, W. “Optic Lenses Manufactured on Fiber Ends”, IEEE, 978-1-4673-7732-4/15, 2015, pp. 1-10.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Jun. 11, 2020 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US2018/062766.
Japanese Office Action dated Mar. 16, 2021 issued in corresponding Japanese Application No. 2018-510969, with English language summary.
Ghannam, M.T., et al. “Rheological Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)”. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research vol. 37, No. 4 (1998) pp. 1335-1340.
Extended European Search Report dated Nov. 26, 2021 issued in corresponding European Application No. 18883166.3.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability dated Nov. 11, 2021 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US20/30616.
Extended European Search Report dated Apr. 21, 2022 issued in corresponding European Application No. 19862071.8.
Tran et al. “In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a rotational microelectromechanical system probe”, Optics Letters, vol. 29 No. 11 (Jun. 1, 2004), p. 1236-1238.
Japanese Office Action dated Apr. 26, 2022 issued in corresponding Japanese Application No. 2021-068226, with English translation.
Japanese Office Action dated Sep. 15, 2020 issued in corresponding Japanese Application No. 2018-510969, with English language summary.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Sep. 14, 2020 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US20/30616.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jul. 30, 2020 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US20/33953.
Abozenadah, H., et al. Consumer Chemistry: How Organic Chemistry Impacts Our Lives. CC BY-NC-SA. Available at: https://wou.edu/chemistry/courses/online-chemistry-textbooks/ch105-consumer-chemistry/ (2017).
Introduction to silicone fluids (https://www.clearcoproducts.com/introduction-to-silicone-fluids.html), retrieved Sep. 24, 2020.
Madigan, Jeremy. “Vascular access: guide catheter selection, usage, and compatibility.” Interventional Neuroradiology, Springer, London (2014), pp. 27-38.
European Office Action dated Apr. 21, 2021 issued in corresponding European Application No. 16842796.1.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 2, 2021 issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/US2021/029836.
Chinese Notice of Allowance and Supplementary Search Report dated Jan. 13, 2021 issued in corresponding Chinese Application No. 201680034490.4.
BiazePhotonics. “NL-2.4-800 Highly nonlinear PCF” technical specification sheet (Oct. 2011) (Resubmission with publication date of reference originally submitted with IDS dated Jul. 8, 2020).
NKT Photonics. “ESM-12 SingleOmode 12 um core fiber” technical specification sheet (Jul. 2011) (Resubmission with publication date of reference originally submitted with IDS dated Jul. 8, 2020).
NKT Photonics. “HC-1550-02 Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber” technical specification sheet (Oct. 2007) (Resubmission with publication date of reference originally submitted with IDS dated Jul. 8, 2020).
NKT Photonics. “HC-800-02 Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber” technical specification sheet (Oct. 2007) (Resubmission with publication date of reference originally submitted with IDS dated Jul. 8, 2020).
Japanese Office Action dated Nov. 15, 2022 issued in related Japanese Application No. 2021-068226, with English translation.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability electronically transmitted to Applicant on Nov. 10, 2022, issued in related International Application No. PCT/US2021/029836.
Japanese Office Action dated Aug. 2, 2022 issued in corresponding Japanese Application No. 2021-117103, with English translation.
Japanese Office Action dated Feb. 21, 2023 issued in corresponding Japanese Application No. 2021-117103, with English summary.
Summons To Attend Oral Proceedings dated Mar. 17, 2023 issued in related European Application No. 16842796.1.
Brezinski et al. “Optical Coherence Tomography: High-Resolution Imaging in Nontransparent Tissue”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 5, No. 4, Jul./Aug. 1999, pp. 1185-1192.
Extended European Search Report dated Mar. 21, 2023 issued in corresponding European Application No. 20798343.8.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Apr. 14, 2023 issued in related International Application No. PCT/US2023/010508.
Atif et al. “Catheters for optical coherence tomography”, Laser Physics Letters, vol. 8, No. 9, (Jul. 1, 2011), pp. 629-646.
Extended European Search Report dated Apr. 21, 2023 issued in related European Application No. 20810126.1.
Japanese Office Action dated Apr. 25, 2023 issued in related Japanese Application No. 2021-514598, with English summary.

Related Publications (1)

	Number	Date	Country
	20200288950 A1	Sep 2020	US

Provisional Applications (2)

	Number	Date	Country
	62671142	May 2018	US
	62591403	Nov 2017	US

Imaging system

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

Field of Search

CPC

International Classifications

Term Extension

Abstract