Patent Application
20110172098
The present invention relates to imidazole and triazole compounds of the formula I
in which the variables have the following meanings:
The invention furthermore relates to the preparation of the compounds I, to the intermediates for preparing the compounds I and to their preparation, and also to the use of the compounds according to the invention for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, and to compositions comprising them.
Triazole compounds are known, for example, from CN 1064785, JP 56005467, DE 2802496 and DE 28198879.
However, in particular at low application rates, the fungicidal action of the compounds known from the prior art is sometimes unsatisfactory. Accordingly, it was an object of the present invention to provide novel compounds which preferably have improved properties, such as improved fungicidal action and/or better toxicological properties. Surprisingly, this object was achieved with the compounds of the formula I described herein.
Owing to the basic character of their nitrogen atoms, the compounds I are capable of forming salts or adducts with inorganic or organic acids or with metal ions. This also applies to most of the precursors described herein of compounds I, the salts and adducts of which are also provided by the present invention.
Examples of inorganic acids are hydrohalic acids, such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid.
Suitable organic acids are, for example, formic acid and alkanoic acids, such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and propionic acid, and also glycolic acid, thiocyanic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, oxalic acid, alkylsulfonic acids (sulfonic acids having straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals of 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylsulfonic acids or aryldisulfonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which carry one or two sulfonic acid groups), alkylphosphonic acids (phosphonic acids having straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with 1 to 20 carbon atoms), aryiphosphonic acids or aryldiphosphonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which carry one or two phosphoric acid radicals), where the alkyl or aryl radicals may carry further substituents, for example p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid etc.
Suitable metal ions are in particular the ions of the elements of the second main group, in particular calcium and magnesium, of the third and fourth main groups, in particular aluminum, tin and lead and also of the elements of transition groups one to eight, in particular chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and others. Particular preference is given to the metal ions of the elements of transition groups of the fourth period. The metals can be present in the various valencies that they can assume.
The compounds I according to the invention can be prepared by different routes analogously to processes known per se of the prior art (see, for example, the prior art cited at the outset). The compounds according to the invention can be prepared, for example, according to the syntheses shown in the schemes below.
Thus, a compound of the formula I in which R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen (compounds I-1)
where X, Z and R1 are as defined or as preferably defined for formula I can be prepared from compounds II-1 by reducing the keto group
The reduction of the OH group may be carried out according to the literature below: DE 3321023, DE 3019049 or analogously to DE 3209431; Chem Ber. 121(6), 1988, 1059 ff; Tetrahedron, 63(19), 4027-4038; 2007 ff.
The present invention furthermore provides compounds of the formula II-1
in which X, Z and R1 are as defined as described herein for formula I.
Compounds of the formula II-1 can be obtained by alkylation reactions, for example by reacting a compound of the formula III
with a compound IV
R1—Z-LG (IV)
and a base, where LG is a leaving group such as, for example, halogen, in particular Cl, Br and I, or mesylate, tosylate, or another suitable leaving group known to the person skilled in the art. R1, X and Z have the meanings or preferred meanings as defined for formula I. Suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal amides or alkoxides.
Processes for preparing compounds of type IV are known to the person skilled in the art.
Processes for preparing compounds of type III are likewise known to the person skilled in the art.
Compounds II-1 can also be obtained from alkylboranes of type V:
in which X and Z are as defined or as preferably defined for formula I and A is in each case independently a C1-C6-alkyl group, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy group or OH by reaction with a compound VI
R1-LG VI
in which R1 is as defined or as preferably defined for formula I and LG is a leaving group. Suitable leaving groups LG are halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine, alkyl carbonylate, benzoate, alkylsulfonate, haloalkylsulfonate or arylsulfonate, particularly preferably chlorine and bromine. The reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a base and a catalyst, in particular in the presence of a palladium catalyst, as described, for example, in: Synth. Commun. Vol. 11, p. 513 (1981); Acc. Chem. Res. Vol. 15, pp. 178-184 (1982); Chem. Rev. Vol. 95, pp. 2457-2483 (1995); Organic Letters Vol. 6 (16), p. 2808 (2004); “Metal catalyzed cross coupling reactions”, 2nd Edition, Wiley, VCH 2005 (Eds. De Meijere, Diederich); “Handbook of organopalladium chemistry for organic synthesis” (Eds Negishi), Wiley, Interscience, New York, 2002; “Handbook of functionalized organometallics”, (Ed. P. Knochel), Wiley, VCH, 2005.
Suitable catalysts are tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0); bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride; bis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) chloride; [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) chloride/methylene chloride (1:1) complex; bis[bis-(1,2-diphenylphosphino)ethane]palladium(0); bis[bis-(1,2-diphenylphosphino)butane]palladium(II) chloride; palladium(II) acetate; palladium(II) chloride; palladium(II) acetate/tri-o-tolylphosphine complex or mixtures of phosphines and Pd salts or phosphines and Pd complexes, for example dibenzylideneacetonepalladium and tri-tert-butylphosphine (or the corresponding tetrafluoroborate), tricyclohexylphosphines or a polymer-bound Pd/triphenylphosphine catalyst system.
Suitable bases are, for example, inorganic bases, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, such as lithium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, such as lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. Also suitable are alkali metal bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate, and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, such as, for example, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide or potassium tert-butoxide. Suitable are furthermore amine bases, in particular tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and N-methylpiperidine, or aromatic bases, such as pyridines, substituted pyridines, such as, for example, collidine, lutidine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Particularly advantageous are frequently bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, triethylamine and sodium bicarbonate.
The base is usually employed in a molar ratio of from 1:1 to 1:10, preferably in a molar ratio of from 1:1.5 to 1:5, based on R1-LG. The boron compound is employed in a molar ratio of from 1:1 to 1:5, preferably from 1:1 to 1:2.5, based on R1-LG. Here, R1 is preferably substituted phenyl.
The reaction is usually carried out in an inert organic solvent. Suitable solvents are aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane and petroleum ether, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, o-, m- or p-xylene, ethers, such as, for example, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dioxane, anisole, tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane. Suitable are furthermore ketones, such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone and methyl tert-butyl ketone. Also suitable are solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide. Suitable are in particular ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and dimethoxyethane. Preferably, the solvents mentioned above may also be used as mixtures with one another or as a mixture with water.
The coupling reaction is usually carried out at temperatures between 20 and 180° C., preferably between 40 and 120° C.
After the reaction has ended, the coupling products can be isolated according to standard methods. It is also possible to use a scavenger to remove byproducts or remaining starting material. Further details and references for this subject can be found, for example, in “Synthesis and purification catalog”, Argonaut, 2003.
According to a further process, compounds I (where R3=hydrogen) can be obtained by reacting an oxirane of the formula VIII
in which Z, R1, R2 and R4 are as defined or as preferably defined for formula I, with imidazole or triazole in the presence of a base with opening of the epoxide to form the target products. Such processes are described, for example, in EP 0 236 884.
The oxirane VIII can be obtained by reacting the corresponding olefin IX
with a peracid or an equivalent reagent (such as, for example, dimethyldioxirane or other peroxides, see also EP 0 236 884).
The olefin IX can be prepared by a Wittig reaction from
(see also EP 0 236 884).
Alternatively, olefins IX can be prepared via the corresponding alcohol XII
which, in an elimination reaction familiar to the person skilled in the art, is converted into the olefin (see also EP 0 236 884). The preparation of the alcohols XII is described, for example, in DE 3400829. The double bond may optionally be isomerized to obtain the desired configuration of the oxirane. Processes for achieving this will be familiar to the person skilled in the art.
To prepare compounds of the formula I in which R2≠hydrogen (compounds I-2) from compounds I-1,
for example, the appropriate ketone of the formula II (see above) is reacted, for example, with NaH in DMF at RT and with addition of the appropriate halide R2-Hal at 0-5° C.
Compounds of type I-2 can furthermore also be obtained by reacting a halide of the formula IV (see above, LG is in particular Cl or Br) analogously with NaH in DMF and a compound IIIa
To obtain, starting with compounds of the formula I-1, compounds I where R3≠hydrogen (compounds I-3),
methods, known to the person skilled in the art, for alkylating, esterifying etc. alcohols may be employed (see in this regard also DE 3321422, DE 3019049).
To prepare compounds of the formula I in which R4≠hydrogen (compounds I-4),
a procedure analogous to the processes described in DE 3126022, DE 3049542 may be adopted, and the corresponding ketone of the formula II-1 (see above) can be converted with a Grignard reagent (R4—Mg-Hal) into the corresponding tertiary alcohol.
In a corresponding manner, it is also possible to prepare compounds I in which two or three substituents of R2, R3 and R4 are not hydrogen from compounds I-1 by combining the processes mentioned with one another.
In some of the definitions of the symbols in the formulae given herein, collective terms are used which are generally representative of the following substituents:
halogen: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine;
alkyl and the alkyl moieties of composite groups such as, for example, alkylamino: saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4, 6, 8 or 12 carbon atoms, for example C1-C6-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl;
haloalkyl: alkyl as mentioned above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above; in particular C1-C2-haloalkyl, such as chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl or 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-2-yl;
alkenyl and also the alkenyl moieties in composite groups, such as alkenyloxy: unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 4, 2 to 6 or 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one double bond in any position. According to the invention, it may be preferred to use small alkenyl groups, such as (C2-C4)-alkenyl; on the other hand, it may also be preferred to employ larger alkenyl groups, such as (C5-C8)-alkenyl. Examples of alkenyl groups are, for example, C2-C6-alkenyl, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-1-pentenyl, 2-methyl-1-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 2-methyl-3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-1 butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1,1,2-trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propenyl and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl;
haloalkenyl: alkenyl as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular by fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
alkadienyl: unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 4 to 6 or 4 to 8 carbon atoms and two double bonds in any position;
alkynyl and the alkynyl moieties in composite groups: straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 4, 2 to 6 or 2 to 8 carbon atoms and one or two triple bonds in any position, for example C2-C6-alkynyl, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 1-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-ethyl-2-propynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 1-methyl-4-pentynyl, 2-methyl-3-pentynyl, 2-methyl-4-pentynyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 3-methyl-4-pentynyl, 4-methyl-1-pentynyl, 4-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 1-ethyl-2-butynyl, 1-ethyl-3-butynyl, 2-ethyl-3-butynyl and 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl;
haloalkynyl: alkoxy as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular by fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
cycloalkyl and also the cycloalkyl moieties in composite groups: mono- or bicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 8, in particular 3 to 6, carbon ring members, for example C3-C6-cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl;
halocycloalkyl: cycloalkyl as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular by fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
cycloalkenyl: monocyclic monounsaturated hydrocarbon groups having preferably 3 to 8 or 4 to 6, in particular 5 to 6, carbon ring members, such as cyclopenten-1-yl, cyclopenten-3-yl, cyclohexen-1-yl, cyclohexen-3-yl, cyclohexen-4-yl and the like;
halocycloalkenyl: cycloalkenyl as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular by fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
alkoxy: an alkyl group as, defined above which is attached via an oxygen, preferably having 1 to 8, more preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms. Examples are: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy or 1,1-dimethylethoxy, and also, for example, pentoxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy;
haloalkoxy: alkoxy as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular by fluorine, chlorine or bromine. Examples are OCH2F, OCHF2, OCF3, OCH2Cl, OCHCl2, OCCl3, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-iodoethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, OC2F5, 2-fluoropropoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, 2,3-difluoropropoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichloropropoxy, 2-bromopropoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trichloropropoxy, OCH2—C2F5, OCF2—C2F5, 1-(CH2F)-2-fluoroethoxy, 1-(CH2Cl)-2-chloroethoxy, 1-(CH2Br)-2-bromoethoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4-bromobutoxy or nonafluorobutoxy; and also 5-fluoropentoxy, 5-chloropentoxy, 5-bromopentoxy, 5-iodopentoxy, undecafluoropentoxy, 6-fluorohexoxy, 6-chlorohexoxy, 6-bromohexoxy, 6-iodohexoxy or dodecafluorohexoxy.
alkylene: divalent unbranched chains of CH2 groups. Preference is given to (C1-C6)-alkylene, more preference to (C2-C4)-alkylene; furthermore, it may be preferred to use (C1-C3)-alkylene groups. Examples of preferred alkylene radicals are CH2, CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2, CH2(CH2)2CH2, CH2(CH2)3CH2 and CH2(CH2)4—CH2;
6- to 10-membered aryl: an aromatic hydrocarbon cycle having 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms in the ring. In particular phenyl or naphthyl.
a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle which contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S, where the heterocycle in question may be attached via a carbon atom or, if present, via a nitrogen atom. According to the invention, it may be preferred for the heterocycle in question to be attached via carbon; on the other hand, it may also be preferred for the heterocycle to be attached via nitrogen. In particular:
The novel compounds according to the invention comprise chiral centers and are generally obtained in the form of racemates or as diastereomer mixtures of erythro and threo forms. The erythro and threo diastereomers of the compounds according to the invention can be separated and isolated in pure form, for example, on the basis of their different solubilities or by column chromatography. Using known methods, such uniform pairs of diastereomers can be used to obtain uniform enantiomers. Suitable for use as antimicrobial agents are both the uniform diastereomers or enantiomers and mixtures thereof obtained in the synthesis. This applies correspondingly to the fungicidal compositions.
Accordingly, the invention provides both the pure enantiomers or diastereomers and mixtures thereof. This applies to the compounds according to the invention of the formula I and optionally correspondingly to their precursors. The scope of the present invention includes in particular the (R) and (S) isomers and the racemates of the compounds according to the invention, in particular of the formula I, which have centers of chirality. Suitable compounds according to the invention, in particular of the formula I, also comprise all possible stereoisomers (cis/trans isomers) and mixtures thereof.
The compounds according to the invention, in particular of the formula I, may be present in various crystal modifications which may differ in their biological activity. They are likewise provided by the present invention.
In the compounds I according to the invention, particular preference is given to the following meanings of the substituents, in each case on their own or in combination.
According to one embodiment, X is N (triazole compounds of the formula I.A).
According to a further embodiment, X═CH (imidazole compounds of the formula I.B).
Z in the compounds according to the invention is a saturated hydrocarbon chain having two carbon atoms which may contain one, two, three or four substituents RZ. According to one embodiment, Z is unsubstituted. According to a further embodiment, Z contains at least one substituent Rz, as defined herein or as defined as being preferred.
According to one embodiment of the invention, Z is a group Z1:
in which the # denote the points of attachment and Rz1 and Rz2 are each independently of one another selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Rz, as defined herein.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, Z is a group Z2
in, which the # denote the points of attachment and Rz1 and Rz2 are each independently of one another selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Rz, as defined herein.
According to one embodiment, Rz1 is hydrogen and Rz2 is selected from Rz, as defined herein, where Rz2 is in particular selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C4-alkyl and C3-C6-cycloalkyl. In a specific aspect, Rz2 is selected from the group consisting of F and Cl. In a further specific aspect, Rz2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl and n-propyl.
According to a further embodiment, Rz1 and Rz2 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a C3-C6-cycloalkyl ring, in particular a cyclopropyl ring.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, Rz1 and Rz2 in Z1 are hydrogen.
The substituent(s) Rz at Z or in group Z1, Z2 and Z3 is/are, unless indicated otherwise, in each case selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, cyanato (OCN), C1-C8-alkyl, C1-Cs-haloalkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-Cs-haloalkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C3-C8-haloalkynyl, C1-Cs-alkoxy, C1-C8-haloalkoxy, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyloxy, C2-C8-alkenyloxy, C2-C8-haloalkenyloxy, C2-C8-alkynyloxy, C3-C8-haloalkynyloxy, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C3-C8-halocycloalkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl, C3-C8-halocycloalkenyl, C3-C8-cycloalkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkenyloxy, C1-C6-alkylene, oxy-C2-C4-alkylene, oxy-C1-C3-alkyleneoxy, phenoxy, phenyl, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, where in the groups mentioned above the heteroaryl is an aromatic five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle and the heterocyclyl is a saturated or partially unsaturated five-, six- or seven-membered heterocycle, each of which contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S, or is NA3A4, where two radicals Rz attached to the same carbon atom, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, may also form C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl or a saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle having one, two or three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N, where the cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and the heterocycle are unsubstituted or substituted by one, two or three independently selected groups L; where A3, A4 are as defined below;
According to one embodiment, Rz is in each case independently halogen, cyano, nitro, cyanato (OCN), C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-haloalkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C3-haloalkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C3-C8-haloalkynyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-haloalkoxy, C1-Cs-alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyloxy, C2-C8-alkenyloxy, C2-C8-haloalkenyloxy, C2-C8-alkynyloxy, C3-C8-haloalkynyloxy, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C3-C8-halocycloalkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl, C3-C8-halocycloalkenyl, C6-C8-cycloalkynyl, C6-C8-halocycloalkynyl, C3-C8-cycloalkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkenyloxy, or NA3A4.
According to a further embodiment, Rz is in each case independently Cl, F, Br, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-haloalkenyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl or C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or cyclopropyl.
According to a further embodiment, at least one Rz is halogen, in particular Cl or F.
According to a further embodiment, at least one Rz is C1-C4-alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl.
According to a further embodiment, at least one Rz is C1-C4-haloalkyl.
According to a further embodiment, two radicals Rz which are attached to the same carbon atom form, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, a C3-C6-cycloalkyl ring.
R1 in the compounds according to the invention is C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, where the carbocycles mentioned above are unsubstituted or contain one, two, three, four or five substituents independently of one another selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-haloalkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-haloalkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl and C3-C8-haloalkynyl; or is 6- to 10-membered aryl which is unsubstituted or contains one, two, three, four or five independently selected substituents L, where L is as defined herein, with the proviso that R1 is not unsubstituted phenyl or 4-chlorophenyl if Z is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain and R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen.
According to one embodiment, R1 is C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, where the abovementioned carbocycles are unsubstituted or contain one, two, three, four or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-haloalkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-haloalkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl and C3-C8-haloalkynyl, or 6- to 10-membered aryl, where the aryl contains one, two, three, four or five independently selected substituents L, as defined herein, with the proviso that R1 is not 4-chlorophenyl if Z is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain and R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen.
According to one embodiment of the invention, R1 is substituted phenyl which contains one, two, three, four or five substituents L, as defined herein or as defined as being preferred, with the proviso mentioned.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which contains exactly one substituent L1. According to one aspect, L1 is selected from the group consisting of F, Br, cyano, C2-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl and C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, in particular 2-F, 3-F, 4-F, 2-CN, 3-CN, 4-CN, 2-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methyl, 2-ethyl, 3-ethyl, 4-ethyl, 2-isopropyl, 3-isopropyl, 4-isopropyl, 2-t-butyl, 3-t-butyl, 4-t-butyl, 2-methoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methoxy, 2-ethoxy, 3-ethoxy, 4-ethoxy, 2-trifluoromethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxy, 4-trifluoromethoxy, 2-trifluoromethyl, 3-trifluoromethyl, 4-trifluoromethyl, 2-difluoromethyl, 3-difluoromethyl and 4-difluoromethyl. According to a specific aspect, L1 is selected from the group consisting of F, Br, methyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and methoxy. According to a very specific aspect, L1 is selected from the group consisting of F and Br.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which contains exactly one substituent L1, where L1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro and 3-chloro.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which contains two, three, four or five independently selected substituents L. R1 is in particular phenyl which contains one substituent L1 and one substituent L2 and may additionally contain another one, two or three independently selected substituents L, where according to one aspect, L1 and L2 are each independently of one another selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, Br, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy and C1-C4-haloalkoxy, and the further one, two or three substituents L optionally present are independently of one another selected from L, as defined herein or as defined as being preferred.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which contains exactly two substituents L1 and L2; where L1 and L2 are independently of the other selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, Br, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy and C1-C4-haloalkoxy. According to a specific aspect, L1 and L2 are in each case independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl. According to a further specific aspect, L1 and L2 are independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, Br, cyano, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy and trifluoromethoxy.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by Cland comprises exactly one further substituent L2. According to one aspect, the phenyl group is 2,3-disubstituted. According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,4-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,5-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,6-disubstituted.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which may contain a substituent L1 which is 2-Cl or 3-Cl and may additionally also contain one, two, three or four substituents L selected independently of one another, where the radicals L are in each case independently as defined herein.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by Cl and contains exactly two further substituents, L2 and L3.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which may contain a substituent which is F and may additionally also contain one, two, three or four substituents L selected independently of one another, where the radicals L are in each case independently as defined herein. According to one aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by F in the 2-position. According to a further aspect, the phenyl group of this embodiment is substituted by F in the 3-position. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group of this embodiment is substituted by F in the 4-position.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by F and contains exactly one further substituent L2. According to one aspect, the phenyl group is 2,3-disubstituted. According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,4-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2.5-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,6-disubstituted. Preferably, F is in each case in the 2-position. Furthermore preferably, the second substituent L2 is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl and methoxy. According to a specific embodiment, the phenyl group is 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- or 2,6-difluoro-substituted. According to a further specific embodiment, the phenyl group is 2-fluoro-3-chloro-, 2-fluoro-4-chloro-, 2-fluoro-5-chloro- or 2-fluoro-6-chloro-substituted.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by F and contains exactly two further substituents, L2 and L3.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which may comprise a substituent L1 which is methyl and additionally also one, two, three or four independently selected substituents L, where L is in each case independently as defined herein. According to one aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by methyl in the 2-position. According to a further aspect, the phenyl group of this embodiment is substituted by methyl in the 3-position. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group of this embodiment is substituted by methyl in the 4-position.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by methyl (=L1) and contains exactly one further substituent L2. According to one aspect, the phenyl group is 2,3-disubstituted. According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,4-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,5-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,6-disubstituted.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by methyl (=L1) and contains exactly two further substituents, L2 and L3.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which may contain a substituent L1 which is methoxy and additionally also one, two, three or four independently selected substituents L, where L is in each case independently as defined herein. According to one aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by methoxy in the 2-position. According to a further aspect, the phenyl group of this embodiment is substituted by methoxy in the 3-position. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group of this embodiment is substituted by methoxy in the 4-position.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by methoxy (=L1) and contains exactly one further substituent L2. According to one aspect, the phenyl group is 2,3-disubstituted. According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,4-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,5-disubstituted. According to yet a further aspect, the phenyl group is 2,6-disubstituted.
According to a further aspect, the phenyl group is substituted by methoxy (=L1) and contains exactly two further substituents, L2 and L3.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is phenyl which contains three, four or five substituents L, where L is independently as defined herein or as defined as being preferred.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, R1 is a 2,3,5-trisubstituted phenyl ring. According to a further embodiment, R1 is a 2,3,4-trisubstituted phenyl ring. According to yet a further embodiment, R1 is a 2,4,5-trisubstituted phenyl ring. According to yet a further embodiment, R1 is a 2,4,6-trisubstituted phenyl ring. According to yet a further embodiment, R1 is a 2,3,6-trisubstituted phenyl ring. According to one aspect, at least one of the three substituents is Cl. According to one aspect, at least one of the three substituents is F. According to a further aspect, at least one of the three substituents is methyl. According to yet a further aspect, at least one of the three substituents is methoxy.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is C3-C10-cycloalkyl or C3-C10-halocycloalkyl. According to one aspect, R1 is C3-C7-cycloalkyl, in particular cyclopropyl (c-C3H5), cyclopentyl (c-C5H3), cyclohexyl (c-C6H11) or cycloheptyl (c-C7H13) which may in each case optionally be substituted. Specific examples of R1 are 1-chlorocyclopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 1-chlorocyclopentyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl and 1-methylcyclohexyl.
According to a further embodiment, R1 is C3-C10-cycloalkenyl or C3-C15-halocycloalkenyl.
According to the present invention, R2 is hydrogen, C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-haloalkyl, C2-C1-10-alkenyl, C2-C10-haloalkenyl, C2-C10-alkynyl, C3-C10-haloalkynyl, C4-C10-alkadienyl, C4-C10-haloalkadienyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl or C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, where R2 may contain one, two, three, four or five substituents L, as defined herein.
According to a preferred embodiment, R2 is hydrogen.
According to a further embodiment, R2 is C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-haloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C10-alkenyl, C2-C10-haloalkenyl, C2-C10-alkynyl, C3-C10-haloalkynyl, C4-C10-alkadienyl, C4-C10-haloalkadienyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl or C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, in particular C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C3-C4-alkynyl or phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl. Specific examples of R2 are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, 2-vinyl, 3-allyl, 3-propargyl, 4-but-2-ynyl and benzyl.
According to the present invention, R3 is hydrogen, C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-haloalkyl, C2-C10-alkenyl, C2-C10-haloalkenyl, C2-C10-alkynyl, C3-C10-haloalkynyl, C4-C10-alkadienyl, C4-C10-haloalkadienyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, carboxyl, formyl, Si(A5A6A7), C(O)Rπ, C(O)ORπ, C(S)ORπ, C(O)SRπ, C(S)SRπ, C(NRA)SRπ, C(S)Rπ, C(NRπ)NNA3A4, C(NRπ)RA, C(NRπ)ORA, C(O)NA3A4, C(S)NA3A4 or S(═O)nA1; where
R3 may comprise one, two, three, four or five substituents L, as defined herein.
According to a preferred embodiment, R3 is hydrogen.
According to a further embodiment, R3 is C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-haloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C10-alkyl, C2-C10-alkenyl, C2-C10-haloalkenyl, C2-C10-alkynyl, C3-C10-haloalkynyl, C4-C10-alkadienyl, C4-C10-haloalkadienyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, carboxyl, formyl, Si(A5A6A7), C(O)Rπ, C(O)ORπ, C(S)ORπ, C(O)SRπ, C(S)SRπ, C(NRA)SRπ, C(S)Rπ, C(NRπ)NNA3A4, C(NRπ)RA, C(NRπ)ORA, C(O)NA3A4, C(S)NA3A4 or S(═O)nA1, in particular C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, halophenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C3-C4-alkynyl, tri-C1-C4-alkylsilyl, C(O)Rπ or S(═O)2A1, where
According to the present invention, R4 is hydrogen, C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-haloalkyl, C2-C10-alkenyl, C2-C10-haloalkenyl, C2-C10-alkynyl, C3-C10-haloalkynyl, C4-C10-alkadienyl, C4-C10-haloalkadienyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl or C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, where R4 may contain one, two, three, four or five substituents L, as defined herein.
According to a preferred embodiment, R4 is hydrogen.
According to a further embodiment, R4 is C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-haloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C10-alkenyl, C2-C10-haloalkenyl, C2-C10-alkynyl, C3-C10-haloalkynyl, C4-C10-alkadienyl, C4-C10-haloalkadienyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-halocycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkenyl or C3-C10-halocycloalkenyl, in particular C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C3-C4-alkynyl or phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl. Specific examples of R4 are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, 2-vinyl, 3-allyl, 3-propargyl, 4-but-2-ynyl and benzyl.
According to a further embodiment of the compounds according to the invention, R1 is phenyl which contains one, two, three, four or five independently selected substituents L, as defined herein or as defined as being preferred, and at least one of the substituents R2, R3 and R4 is not hydrogen. According to one aspect, R2 is not hydrogen. According to a further aspect, R3 is not hydrogen. According to one aspect, R4 is not hydrogen.
Independently, L has the meanings or preferred meanings mentioned herein and in the claims for L. Unless indicated otherwise, L is preferably independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, cyanato (OCN), C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, S-A1, C(═O)A2, C(═S)A2, NA3A; where A1, A2, A3, A4 are as defined below:
Furthermore preferably, L is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, amino, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4-alkylamino, C1-C4-dialkylamino, thio and C1-C4-alkylthio.
Furthermore preferably, L is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy and CrC4-haloalkylthio.
According to a further preferred embodiment, L is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7, t-C4H9, OCH3, OC2H5, CF3, CCl3, CHF2, CClF2, OCF3, OCHF2 and SCF3, in particular selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2 and SCF3. According to one aspect, L is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, CF3, OCF3 and OCHF2. It may be preferred for L to be independently F or Cl.
According to a further embodiment, L, in particular if L is a substituent at R1=phenyl, is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Br, CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7, t-C4H9, OC2H5, CF3, CCl3, CHF2, CClF2, OCF3, OCHF2 and SCF3.
According to yet a further embodiment, L is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, methyl and methoxy.
The meanings described above of the variables X, Z, R1, R2, R3 and R4 and L for compounds I apply correspondingly to the precursors of the compounds according to the invention.
In particular with a view to their use, preference is given to the compounds I according to the invention compiled in Tables 1a to 308a below, taking into account the provisos stated herein. The groups mentioned for a substituent in the tables are furthermore per se, independently of the combination in which they are mentioned, a particularly preferred aspect of the substituent in question.
Compounds I in which X is CH, Z is CH2C(CH2CH2), R4 is CH2C≡CH, R3 is H and the combination of R1 and R2 in each case corresponds to one row of Table A (compounds I.252aA-1 to I.252aA-1554)
From the tables above, the compound names for the individual compounds are derived as follows: The “compound I.3aA-10” (emphasis added), for example, is the compound of the formula I according to the invention in which X is N, Z is CH2CH(CH3), R4 is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen (as stated in Table 3a) and R1 is 4-cyanophenyl and R2 is hydrogen (as stated in row 10 of Table A).
The compounds of the formula I and the compositions according to the invention are suitable as fungicides for controlling harmful fungi. They are distinguished by excellent activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi including soilborne pathogens which originate in particular from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some of them are systemically active and can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. In addition, they are suitable for controlling fungi which, inter alia, attack the wood or the roots of plants.
The compounds I and the compositions according to the invention are of particular importance for the control of a large number of pathogenic fungi on various crop plants such as cereals, for example wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beets, for example sugar beets or fodder beets; pomaceous fruits, stone fruits and soft fruits, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, currants or gooseberries; leguminous plants, for example beans, lentils, peas, lucerne or soybeans; oil plants, for example oilseed rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa, castor beans, oil palms, peanuts or soybeans; cucurbits, for example pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fiber plants, for example cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits, for example oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetable plants, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage plants, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkins or bell peppers; laurel plants, for example avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, for example corn, soybeans, wheat, oilseed rape, sugar cane or oil palms; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; grapevines (grapes for eating and grapes for wine making); hops; grass, for example lawns; rubber plants; ornamental and forest plants, for example flowers, shrubs, deciduous trees and coniferous trees, and also on the propagation material, for example seeds, and on the harvested material of these plants.
Preferably, the compounds I and the compositions according to the invention are used for controlling a large number of fungal pathogens in agricultural crops, for example potatoes, sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, oilseed rape, leguminous plants, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruit plants, grapevines and ornamental plants and vegetables, for example cucumbers, tomatoes, beans and pumpkins and also on the propagation material, for example seeds, and the harvested products of these plants.
The term “plant propagation materials” comprises all generative parts of the plant, for example seeds, and vegetative plant parts, such as seedlings and tubers (for example potatoes) which can be utilized for propagating a plant. These include seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots and other plant parts including seedlings and young plants which are transplanted after germination or after emergence. The young plants can be protected by partial or complete treatment, for example by immersion or watering, against harmful fungi.
The treatment of plant propagation materials with compounds I or with the compositions according to the invention is used for controlling a large number of fungal pathogens in cereal crops, for example wheat, rye, barley or oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
The term crop plants also includes those plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering methods including the biotechnological agricultural products which are on the market or under development (see, for example, http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_products.asp). Genetically modified plants are plants whose genetic material has been modified in a manner which does not occur under natural conditions by crossing, mutations or by natural recombination (that is to say, a recombination of the genetic information). In general, one or more genes are integrated into the genetic material of the plant in order to improve the properties of the plant. Such modifications by genetic engineering include post-translational modifications of proteins, oligopeptides or polypeptides, for example by glycosylation or attachment of polymers such as, for example, prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated radicals or PEG radicals.
By way of example, mention may be made of plants which, by breeding and genetic engineering, have acquired tolerance to certain classes of herbicides, such as hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as, for example, sulfonylureas (EP-A 257 993, U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659) or imidazolinones (for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO 97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073), enolpyruvylshikimate 3 phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as, for example, glyphosate (see, for example, WO 92/00377), glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, such as, for example, glufosinate (see, for example, EP-A 242 236, EP-A 242 246) or oxynil herbicides (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,024). Clearfield® oilseed rape (BASF SE, Germany), for example, which is tolerant to imidazolinones, for example imazamox, was generated by breeding and mutagenesis. With the aid of genetic engineering methods, crop plants such as soybeans, cotton, corn, beets and oilseed rape were generated which are resistant to glyphosate or glufosinate, and which are obtainable under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate-resistant, Monsanto, U.S.A.) and Liberty Link® (glufosinate-resistant, Bayer CropScience, Germany).
Also included are plants which, owing to interventions by genetic engineering, produce one or more toxins, for example those of the bacterial strain Bacillus. Toxins which are produced by such genetically modified plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins of Bacillus spp., in particular B. thuringiensis, such as the endotoxins Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, Cry9c, Cry34Ab1 or Cry35Ab1; or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs), for example VIP1, VIP2, VIP3, or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of nematode-colonizing bacteria, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins of animal organisms, for example wasp, spider or scorpion toxins; fungal toxins, for example from Streptomycetes; plant lectins, for example from peas or barley; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, for example trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), for example ricin, corn-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid-metabolizing enzymes, for example 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP glycosyl transferase, cholesterol oxidase, ecdyson inhibitors, or HMG-CoA reductase; ion channel blockers, for example inhibitors of sodium channels or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; receptors of the diuretic hormone (helicokinin receptors); stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases. In the plants, these toxins may also be produced as pretoxins, hybrid proteins or truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a novel combination of different protein domains (see, for example, WO 2002/015701). Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants which produce these toxins are disclosed in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073. The methods for producing these genetically modified plants are known to the person skilled in the art and disclosed, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Many of the toxins mentioned above bestow, upon the plants by which they are produced, tolerance to pests from all taxonomic classes of arthropods, in particular to beetles (Coeleropta), dipterans (Diptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda). Genetically modified plants which produce one or more genes coding for insecticidal toxins are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above, and some of them are commercially available, such as, for example, YieldGard® (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ab), YieldGard® Plus (corn varieties which produce the toxins Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1), Starlink® (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry9c), Herculex® RW (corn varieties which produce the toxins Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 and the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase [PAT]); NuCOTN® 33B (cotton varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ac), Bollgard® I (cotton varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ac), Bollgard® II (cotton varieties which produce the toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2); VIPCOT® (cotton varieties which produce a VIP toxin); NewLeaf® (potato varieties which produce the toxin Cry3A); Bt-Xtra®, NatureGard®, KnockOut®, BiteGard®, Protecta®, Bt11 (for example Agrisure® CB) and Bt176 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ab and the PAT enzyme), MIR604 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn varieties which produce a modified version of the toxin Cry3A, see WO 03/018810), MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry3Bb1), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton varieties which produce a modified version of the toxin Cry1Ac) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry1F and the PAT enzyme).
Also included are plants which, with the aid of genetic engineering, produce one or more proteins which have increased resistance to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens, such as, for example, pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins, see EP-A 0 392 225), resistance proteins (for example potato varieties producing two resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans from the wild Mexican potato Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4 lysozyme (for example potato varieties which, by producing this protein, are resistant to bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora).
Also included are plants whose productivity has been improved with the aid of genetic engineering methods, for example by enhancing the potential yield (for example biomass, grain yield, starch, oil or protein content), tolerance to drought, salt or other limiting environmental factors or resistance to pests and fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens.
Also included are plants whose ingredients have been modified with the aid of genetic engineering methods in particular for improving human or animal diet, for example by oil plants producing health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (for example Nexera® oilseed rape, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada).
Also included are plants which have been modified with the aid of genetic engineering methods for improving the production of raw materials, for example by increasing the amylopectin content of potatoes (Amflora® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
Specifically, the compounds I and, respectively, the compositions according to the invention are suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamental plants, vegetable crops (for example A. candida) and sunflowers (for example A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (black spot disease, black blotch) on vegetables, oilseed rape (for example A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beet (for example A. tenuis), fruit, rice, soybeans and also on potatoes (for example A. solani or A. alternata) and tomatoes (for example A. solani or A. alternata) and Alternaria spp. (black head) on wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beet and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, for example A. tritici (Ascochyta leaf blight) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.) for example leaf spot diseases (D. maydis and B. zeicola) on corn, for example glume blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals and for example B. oryzae on rice and on lawn; Blumeria (old name: Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (for example wheat or barley); Botryosphaeria spp. (Black Dead Arm Disease') on grapevines (for example B. obtusa); Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: gray mold, gray rot) on soft fruit and pome fruit (inter alia strawberries), vegetables (inter alia lettuce, carrots, celeriac and cabbage), oilseed rape, flowers, grapevines, forest crops and wheat (ear mold); Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (blue stain fungus) on deciduous trees and coniferous trees, for example C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spot) on corn (for example C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beet (for example C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (for example C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomato (for example C. fulvum: tomato leaf mold) and cereals, for example C. herbarum (ear rot) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium or Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spot) on corn (for example C. carbonum), cereals (for example C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana: glume blotch) and rice (for example C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae); Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnosis) on cotton (for example C. gossypii), corn (for example C. graminicola: stem rot and anthracnosis), soft fruit, potatoes (for example C. coccodes: wilt disease), beans (for example C. lindemuthianum) and soybeans (for example C. truncatum); Corticium spp., for example C. sasakii (sheath blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spot) on soybeans and ornamental plants; Cycloconium spp., for example C. oleaginum on olive; Cylindrocarpon spp. (for example fruit tree cancer or black foot disease of grapevine, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, grapevines (for example C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri, black foot disease) and many ornamental trees; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root/stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp. for example D. phaseolorum (stem disease) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (for example D. teres, net blotch) and on wheat (for example D. tritici-repentis: DTR leaf spot), rice and lawn; Esca disease (dieback of grapevine, apoplexia) on grapevines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (old name Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruit (E. pyri) and soft fruit (E. veneta: anthracnosis) and also grapevines (E. ampelina: anthracnosis); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black head) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beet (E. betae), vegetables (for example E. pisi), such as cucumber species (for example E. cichoracearum) and cabbage species, such as oilseed rape (for example E. cruciferarum); Eutypa lata (Eutypa cancer or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. Libertella blepharis) on fruit trees, grapevines and many ornamental trees; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (for example E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt disease, root and stem rot) on various plants, such as for example F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot and silver-top) on cereals (for example wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. solani on soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) on cereals (for example wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (for example G. zeae) and rice (for example G. fujikuroi: bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on grapevines, pome fruit and other plants and G. gossypii on cotton; Grainstaining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on grapevines; Gymnosporangium spp. on Rosaceae and juniper, for example G. sabinae (pear rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., for example H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on grapevines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli) (root/stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (for example wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., for example M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (blossom and twig blight) on stone fruit and other Rosaceae; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruit and peanuts, such as for example M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria leaf blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis (sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (for example P. brassicae), oilseed rape (for example P. parasitica), bulbous plants (for example P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and soybeans (for example P. manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. for example on grapevines (for example P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and soybeans (for example P. gregata: stem disease); Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on oilseed rape and cabbage and P. betae (leaf spot) on sugar beet; Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, grapevines (for example P. viticola: dead-arm disease) and soybeans (for example stem canker/stem blight: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis (brown spot) on corn; Phytophthora spp. (wilt disease, root, leaf, stem and fruit rot) on various plants, such as on bell peppers and cucumber species (for example P. capsici), soybeans (for example P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (for example P. infestans: late blight and brown rot) and deciduous trees (for example P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (club-root) on cabbage, oilseed rape, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., for example P. viticola (peronospora of grapevines, downy mildew) on grapevines and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on Rosaceae, hops, pome fruit and soft fruit, for example P. leucotricha on apple; Polymyxa spp., for example on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beet (P. betae) and the viral diseases transmitted thereby; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (eyespot/stem break, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, for example wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, for example P. cubensis on cucumber species or P. humili on hops; Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (angular leaf scorch, anamorph: Phialophora) on grapevines; Puccinia spp. (rust disease) on various plants, for example P. triticina (brown rust of wheat), P. striiformis (yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf leaf rust), P. graminis (black rust) or P. recondita (brown rust of rye) on cereals, such as for example wheat, barley or rye, and on asparagus (for example P. asparagi); Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (speckled leaf blotch) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., for example P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on lawn and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off disease) on lawn, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflowers, sugar beet, vegetables and other plants (for example P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., for example R. collo-cygni (Ramularia leaf and lawn spot/physiological leaf spot) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beet; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, lawn, corn, oilseed rape, potatoes, sugar beet, vegetables and on various other plants, for example R. solani (root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (sharp eyespot) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, grapevines and tomato; Rhynchosporium secalis (leaf spot) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem or white rot) on vegetable and field crops, such as oilseed rape, sunflowers (for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and soybeans (for example S. rolfsii); Septoria spp. on various plants, for example S. glycines (leaf spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria leaf blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (leaf blotch and glume blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on grapevines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf spot) on corn (for example S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and lawn; Sphacelotheca spp. (head smut) on corn, (for example S. reiliana: kernel smut), millet and sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucumber species; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and the viral diseases transmitted thereby; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, for example S. nodorum (leaf blotch and glume blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., for example T. deformans (curly-leaf disease) on peach and T. pruni (plum-pocket disease) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruit, vegetable crops, soybeans and cotton, for example T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as for example T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhula incarnate (gray snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., for example U. occulta (flag smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetable plants, such as beans (for example U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beet (for example U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) on cereals (for example U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (for example U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp. (scab) on apples (for example V. inaequalis) and pears and Verticillium spp. (leaf and shoot wilt) on various plants, such as fruit trees and ornamental trees, grapevines, soft fruit, vegetable and field crops, such as for example V. dahliae on strawberries, oilseed rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
Moreover, the compounds I and the compositions according to the invention are suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of stored products (also of harvested products) and in the protection of materials and buildings. The term “protection of materials and buildings” encompasses the protection of industrial and non-living materials, such as, for example, adhesives, glues, wood, paper and cardboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastic, cooling lubricants, fibers and tissues, against the attack and destruction by unwanted microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. In the protection of wood and materials, particular attention is paid to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes, such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., and in addition in the protection of materials to the following yeast fungi: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
The compounds of the formula I may be present in various crystal modifications which may differ in their biological activity. These are included in the scope of the present invention.
The compounds I and the compositions according to the invention are suitable for improving plant health. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for improving plant health by treating the plants, the plant propagation material and/or the site at which the plants grow or are intended to grow with an effective amount of the compounds I or the compositions according to the invention.
The term “plant health” comprises those states of a plant and/or its harvested material which are determined by various indicators individually or in combination, such as, for example, yield (for example increased biomass and/or increased content of utilizable ingredients), plant vitality (for example increased plant growth and/or greener leaves (“greening effect”)), quality (for example increased content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to biotic and/or abiotic stress. The indicators mentioned here for a state of plant health may occur independently of one another or may influence each other.
The compounds I are employed as such or in the form of a composition by treating the harmful fungi, their habitat or the plants or plant propagation materials, for example seed materials, to be protected from fungal attack, the soil, areas, materials or spaces with a fungicidally effective amount of the compounds I. The application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, for example seed materials, the soil, the areas, materials or spaces by the fungi.
Plant propagation materials can be treated prophylactically during or even before sowing or during or even before transplanting with compounds I as such or with a composition comprising at least one compound I.
The invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a solvent or solid carrier and at least one compound I, and also to their use for controlling harmful fungi.
An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of a compound I. The term “effective amount” refers to an amount of the agrochemical composition or of the compound I which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on crop plants or in the protection of materials and buildings and does not cause any significant damage to the treated crop plants. Such an amount may vary within a wide range and is influenced by numerous factors, such as, for example, the harmful fungus to be controlled, the respective crop plant or materials treated, the climatic conditions and compounds.
The compounds I, their N-oxides and their salts can be converted into the types customary for agrochemical compositions, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The type of composition depends on the respective intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even distribution of the compound according to the invention.
Here, examples of types of compositions are suspensions (SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO, ES), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (WP, SP, SS, WS, DP, DS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG) which may either be water-soluble or dispersible (wettable), and also gels for treating plant propagation materials such as seed (GF).
In general, the composition types (for example EC, SC, OD, FS, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF) are used in diluted form. Composition types such as DP, DS, GR, FG, GG and MG are generally employed in undiluted form.
The agrochemical compositions are prepared in a known manner (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, 8-57 and ff., WO 91/13546, U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714, U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,050, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442, U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,587, U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,701, U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961), Hance et al.: Weed Control Handbook (8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989) und Mollet, H. und Grubemann, A.: Formulation technology (Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2001).
The agrochemical compositions may furthermore also comprise auxiliaries customary for crop protection compositions, the selection of the auxiliaries depending on the specific use form or the active compound.
Examples of suitable auxiliaries are solvents, solid carriers, surfactants (such as further solubilizers, protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers), organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoams, optionally colorants and adhesives (for example for the treatment of seed).
Suitable solvents are water, organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions having a medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene and diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils, and also oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and derivatives thereof, alkylated benzenes and derivatives thereof, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, glycols, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone, dimethyl fatty amides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters and strongly polar solvents, for example amines, such as N-methylpyrrolidone. In principle, it is also possible to use solvent mixtures, and also mixtures of the solvents mentioned above and water.
Solid carriers are mineral earths, such as silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic substances, fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, sawdust and nutshell meal, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers) are the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, for example of Iignosulfonic acid (Borresperse® types, Borregaard, Norway), phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid (Morwet® types, Akzo Nobel, USA) and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (Nekal® types, BASF, Germany), and also of fatty acids, alkyl- and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, and also salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols, and also of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of the naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ether, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors, and also proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (for example methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohol (Mowiol® types, Clariant, Switzerland), polycarboxylates (Sokalan® types, BASF, Germany), polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamine (Lupamin® types, BASF, Germany), polyethyleneimine (Lupasol® types, BASF, Germany), polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof.
Examples of thickeners (i.e. compounds which impart modified flow properties to the composition, i.e. high viscosity in the state of rest and low viscosity in motion) are polysaccharides and also organic and inorganic sheet minerals, such as xanthan gum (Kelzan®, CP Kelco, USA), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhodia, France) or Veegum® (R.T. Vanderbilt, USA) or Attaclay® (Engelhard Corp., NJ, USA).
Bactericides can be added for stabilizing the composition. Examples of bactericides are bactericides based on dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas), and also isothiazolinone derivatives, such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide® MBS from Thor Chemie).
Examples of suitable antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerol.
Examples of antifoams are silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon® SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil®, Rhodia, France), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
Examples of colorants are both sparingly water-soluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples which may be mentioned are the dyes and pigments known under the names Rhodamin B, C. I. Pigment Red 112 and C. I. Solvent Red 1, Pigment blue 15:4, Pigment blue 15:3, Pigment blue 15:2, Pigment blue 15:1, Pigment blue 80, Pigment yellow 1, Pigment yellow 13, Pigment red 48:2, Pigment red 48:1, Pigment red 57:1, Pigment red 53:1, Pigment orange 43, Pigment orange 34, Pigment orange 5, Pigment green 36, Pigment green 7, Pigment white 6, Pigment brown 25, Basic violet 10, Basic violet 49, Acid red 51, Acid red 52, Acid red 14, Acid blue 9, Acid yellow 23, Basic red 10, Basic red 108.
Examples of adhesives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ether (Tylose®, Shin-Etsu, Japan).
Suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydro-naphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the compounds I and, if present, further active compounds with at least one solid carrier.
Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to at least one solid carrier. Solid carriers are, for example, mineral earths, such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic substances, fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, sawdust and nutshell meal, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
The following are examples of types of composition:
1. Types of composition for dilution with water
i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved with 90 parts by weight of water or with a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water. This gives a composition having an active compound content of 10% by weight.
ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC)
20 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active compound content is 20% by weight.
iii) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)
15 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active compound content of 15% by weight.
iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
25 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is added to 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (e.g. Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active compound content of 25% by weight.
v) Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the active compounds are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound. The active compound content in the composition is 20% by weight.
vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
50 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and made into water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The composition has an active compound content of 50% by weight.
vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, SS, WS)
75 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The active compound content of the composition is 75% by weight.
viii) Gels (GF)
20 parts by weight of the active compounds, 10 parts by weight of dispersant, 1 part by weight of gelling agent and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent are ground in a ball mill to give a fine suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension with an active compound content of 20% by weight.
2. Types of composition to be applied undiluted
ix) Dusts (DP, DS)
5 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product with an active compound content of 5% by weight.
x) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 part by weight of the active compounds is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules with an active compound content of 0.5% by weight to be applied undiluted.
xi) ULV solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a composition with an active compound content of 10% by weight to be applied undiluted.
In general, the compositions of the compounds according to the invention comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the compounds I. The compounds are preferably employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100%.
Water-soluble concentrates (LS), suspensions (FS), dusts (DS), water-dispersible and water-soluble powders (WS, SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually used for the treatment of plant propagation materials, in particular seed. These compositions can be applied to the propagation materials, in particular seed, in undiluted or, preferably, diluted form. In this case, the corresponding composition can be diluted 2 to 10 times so that in the compositions used for the seed dressing from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight of active compound are present. The application can be carried out before or during sowing. The treatment of plant propagation material, in particular the treatment of seed, is known to the person skilled in the art and is carried out by dusting, coating, pelleting, dipping or drenching the plant propagation material, the treatment preferably being carried out by pelleting, coating and dusting or by furrow treatment, such that, for example, premature germination of the seed is prevented.
For seed treatment, preference is given to using suspensions. Such compositions usually comprise from 1 to 800 g of active compound/l, from 1 to 200 g of surfactants/l, from 0 to 200 g of antifreeze agents/l, from 0 to 400 g of binders/l, from 0 to 200 g of colorants/l and solvents, preferably water.
The compounds can be used as such or in the form of their compositions, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading, raking in, immersing or pouring. The types of composition depend entirely on the intended purposes; the intention is to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.01 to 1%.
The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), by which it is possible to apply compositions comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.
When used in crop protection, the application rates are from 0.001 to 2.0 kg of active compound per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, especially from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha, depending on the nature of the desired effect.
In the treatment of plant propagation materials, for example seed, the amounts of active compound used are generally from 0.1 to 1000 g/100 kg of propagation material or seed, preferably from 1 to 1000 g/100 kg, particularly preferably from 1 to 100 g/100 kg, especially from 5 to 100 g/100 kg.
When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the active compound application rate depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts typically applied in the protection of materials are, for example, from 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably from 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active compound per cubic meter of treated material.
Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and/or pesticides may be added to the active compounds or the compositions comprising them, optionally not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These compositions can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:10 to 10:1.
The following are particularly suitable as adjuvants in this context: organically modified polysiloxanes, for example Break Thru S 240®; alcohol alkoxylates, for example Atplus® 245, Atplus® MBA 1303, Plurafac® LF 300 and Lutensol® ON 30; EO-PO block polymers, for example Pluronic® RPE 2035 and Genapol® B; alcohol ethoxylates, for example Lutensol® XP 80; and sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, for example Leophen® RA.
The compositions according to the invention in the application form as fungicides can also be present together with other active compounds, for example with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as premix or optionally also only immediately prior to use (tank mix).
When mixing the compounds I or the compositions comprising them with one or more further active compounds, in particular fungicides, it is in many cases possible, for example, to widen the activity spectrum or to prevent the development of resistance. In many cases, synergistic effects are obtained.
The following list of active compounds with which the compounds according to the invention can be applied together is meant to illustrate the possible combinations, but not to limit them:
A) strobilurins:
The present invention relates in particular also to fungicidal compositions which comprise at least one compound of the general formula I and at least one further crop protection active compound, in particular at least one fungicidal active compound, for example one or more, for example 1 or 2, active compounds of groups A) to F) mentioned above and optionally one or more agriculturally suitable carriers. With a view to reducing the application rates, these mixtures are of interest, since many show, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, an improved activity against harmful fungi, in particular for certain indications. By simultaneous, joint or separate application of compound(s) I with at least one active compound of groups A) to I), the fungicidal activity can be increased in a superadditive manner.
In the sense of the present application, joint application means that the at least one compound I and the at least one further active compound are present simultaneously at the site of action (i.e. the plant-damaging fungi to be controlled and their habitat, such as infected plants, plant propagation materials, in particular seed, soils, materials or spaces and also the plants, plant propagation materials, in particular seed, soils, materials or spaces to be protected against fungal attack) in an amount sufficient for an effective control of fungal growth. This can be achieved by applying the compounds I and at least one further active compound jointly in a joint active compound preparation or in at least two separate active compound preparations simultaneously, or by applying the active compounds successively to the site of action, the interval between the individual active compound applications being chosen such that the active compound applied first is, at the time of application of the further active compound(s), present at the site of action in a sufficient amount. The order in which the active compounds are applied is of minor importance.
In binary mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising a compound I and a further active compound, for example an active compound from groups A) to I), the weight ratio of compound I to the 1st further active compound depends on the properties of the respective active compounds; usually, it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, frequently in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, particularly preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1, especially in the range of from 1:3 to 3:1.
In ternary mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising an active compound I and a 1st further active compound and a 2nd further active compound, for example two different active compounds from groups A) to I), the weight ratio of compound I to the 1st further active compound depends on the properties of the respective active compounds; preferably, it is in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1. The weight ratio of compound I to the 2nd further active compound is preferably in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, in particular in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1. The weight ratio of 1st further active compound to 2nd further active compound is preferably in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, in particular in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1.
The components of the composition according to the invention can be packaged and used individually or as a ready-mix or as a kit of parts.
In one embodiment of the invention, the kits may comprise one or more, and even all, components which may be used for preparing an agrochemical composition according to the invention. For example, these kits may comprise one or more fungicide components and/or an adjuvant component and/or an insecticide component and/or a growth regulator component and/or a herbicide. One or more components may be present combined or preformulated with one another. In the embodiments where more than two components are provided in a kit, the components can be present combined with one another and packaged in a single container, such as a vessel, a bottle, a tin, a bag, a sack or a canister. In other embodiments, two or more components of a kit may be packaged separately, i.e. not preformulated or mixed. Kits may comprise one or more separate containers, such as vessels, bottles, tins, bags, sacks or canisters, each container comprising a separate component of the agrochemical composition. The components of the composition according to the invention can be packaged and used individually or as a ready-mix or as a kit of parts. In both forms, a component may be used separately or together with the other components or as a part of a kit of parts according to the invention for preparing the mixture according to the invention.
The user uses the composition according to the invention usually for use in a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank or a spray plane. Here, the agrochemical composition is diluted with water and/or buffer to the desired application concentration, with further auxiliaries being added, if required, thus giving the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention. Usually, from 50 to 500 liters of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural utilized area, preferably from 100 to 400 liters.
According to one embodiment, the user may himself mix individual components, such as, for example, parts of a kit or a two- or three-component mixture of the composition according to the invention in a spray tank and, if required, add further auxiliaries (tank mix).
In a further embodiment, the user may mix both individual components of the composition according to the invention and partially pre-mixed components, for example components comprising compounds I and/or active compounds from groups A) to I), in a spray tank and, if required, add further auxiliaries (tank mix).
In a further embodiment, the user may use both individual components of the composition according to the invention and partially pre-mixed components, for example components comprising compounds I and/or active compounds from groups A) to I), jointly (for example as a tank mix) or in succession.
Preference is given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound from group A) (component 2) of the strobilurins and in particular selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound selected from group B) (component 2) of the carboxamides and in particular selected from the group consisting of bixafen, boscalid, isopyrazam, fluopyram, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, fenhexamid, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace, dimethomorph, flumorph, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), zoxamide, carpropamid, mandipropamid and N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound selected from group C) (component 2) of the azoles and in particular selected from the group consisting of cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim and ethaboxam.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound selected from group D) (component 2) of the nitrogenous heterocyclyl compounds and in particular selected from the group consisting of fluazinam, cyprodinil, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, triforin, fludioxonil, fodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, probenazole, proquinazid, acibenzolar-5-methyl, captafol, folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen and 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound selected from group E) (component 2) of the carbamates and in particular selected from the group consisting of mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb and propamocarb.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound selected from the fungicides of group F) (component 2) and in particular selected from the group consisting of dithianon, fentin salts, such as fentin acetate, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, H3PO3 and salts thereof, chlorothalonil, dichiofluanid, thiophanate-methyl, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, sulfur, cymoxanil, metrafenone, spiroxamine and N-methyl-2-{1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl]piperidin-4-yl}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-4-thiazolecarboxamide.
Accordingly, the present invention furthermore relates to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with a further active compound (component 2), the latter being selected from rows B-1 to B-347 in the column “component 2” of Table B.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to the compositions B-1 to B-347 listed in Table B, where a row of Table B corresponds in each case to an agrochemical composition comprising one of the compounds of the formula I individualized in the present description (component 1) and the respective further active compound from the groups A) to I) (component 2) stated in the row in question. According to one embodiment, the component 1 corresponds to one of the compounds I individualized in Tables 1a to 280a. The active compounds in the described compositions are in each case preferably present in synergistically active amounts.
The active compounds specified above as component 2, their preparation, and their action against harmful fungi are known (cf.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); they are available commercially. The compounds with IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation, and their fungicidal activity are likewise known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; U.S. Pat. No. 3,296,272; U.S. Pat. No. 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491; WO 04/49804; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624).
The compositions for mixtures of active compounds are prepared in a known manner in the form of compositions comprising, in addition to the active compounds, a solvent or solid carrier, for example in the manner stated for compositions of the compounds I.
With respect to the customary ingredients of such compositions, reference is made to what was said about the compositions comprising the compounds I. The compositions for mixtures of active compounds are suitable as fungicides for controlling harmful fungi. They are distinguished by excellent activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi including soilborne pathogens which originate in particular from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Furthermore, reference is made to what was said about the activity of the compounds I and the compositions comprising the compounds I.
The present invention furthermore provides the use of compounds I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for treating diseases, in particular the use of the compounds I as antimycotics. Thus, one embodiment of the invention relates to a medicament comprising at least one compound of the formula I and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A further embodiment relates to the use of a compound I and/or of a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof for preparing an antimycotic.
The present invention also provides the use of compounds I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for treating tumors in mammals such as, for example, humans. Thus, one embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a compound I and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing a composition which inhibits the growth of tumors and cancer in mammals. “Cancer” means in particular a malignant tumor, for example breast cancer, cancer of the prostate, lung cancer, cancer of the CNS, melanocarcinomas, ovarial carcinomas or renal cancer, in particular in humans.
The present invention also provides the use of compounds I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for treating virus infections, in particular virus infections leading to diseases in warmblooded animals. Thus, one embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a compound I and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing a composition for treating virus infections. The virus diseases to be treated include retrovirus diseases such as, for example: HIV and HTLV, influenza virus, rhinovirus diseases, herpes and the like.
The present invention also provides the use of compounds I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for treating tumors in mammals such as, for example, humans. Thus, one embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a compound I and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing a composition which inhibits the growth of tumors and cancer in mammals. “Cancer” means in particular a malignant tumor, for example breast cancer, cancer of the prostate, lung cancer, cancer of the CNS, melanocarcinomas, ovarian carcinomas or renal cancer, in particular in humans.
With appropriate modification of the starting materials, the procedures given in the synthesis examples below were used to obtain further compounds of the formula I or the precursors thereof, for example for preparing the compounds according to the invention listed in Table E.
Cs2CO3 (11.1 g, 34.1 mmol) was added to a solution, cooled to 0° C., of 1-triazolyl-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one (3.8 g, 22 mmol) in DMF (50 ml). In each case, the appropriate bromide 1
(schematic representation) (22 mmol) was then added. The mixture was heated at 70° C. for 16 hours. After cooling to RT, NH4Cl (aq. sat., 50 ml) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with sat. sodium chloride solution (2×30 ml), separated off and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (mobile phase: hexane:EtOAc, 7:3). In each case, this gave the pure ketone.
Route A: Reduction with sodium borohydride for synthesizing RR/SS diastereomers A little at a time, sodium borohydride (2×0.35 mmol) was added to a solution, cooled to 0° C., of the hexanones from step 1.1 (0.3 mmol) in MeOH (4 ml). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for two hours, NH4Cl (aq., sat., 10 ml) was then added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (25 ml). The organic phase was separated off, washed with sat. sodium chloride solution (2×20 ml) and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (mobile phase: hexane:EtOAc, 10:1 to 2:1). This gave the corresponding pure alcohols.
Route B: Reduction with tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride and titanium(IV) chloride for the synthesis of RS/SR diastereomers
TiCla (0.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution, cooled to −78° C., of the hexanones from step 1.1 (0.4 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 ml). The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes, and tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride was added. NH4Cl (aq., sat., 10 ml) was then added, and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (25 ml). The organic phase was separated off, washed with sat. sodium chloride solution (2×20 ml) and dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (mobile phase: hexane:EtOAc, 10:1 to 2:1). This gave the corresponding pure alcohols.
The active compounds were prepared separately as a stock solution with 25 mg of active compound, which was made up to 10 ml with a mixture of acetone and/or DMSO and the emulsifier Uniperol® EL (wetting agent with emulsifying and dispersant action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in the volume ratio solvent/emulsifier of 99 to 1. Subsequently, it was made up to 100 ml with water. This stock solution was diluted with the described solvent/emulsifier/water mixture to the active compound concentration indicated below. Alternatively, the active compounds were used as a commercially available ready-to-use solution and diluted with water to the active compound concentration indicated.
Leaves of soybean seedlings grown in pots were inoculated with a spore suspension of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). The pots were then placed in a chamber of high atmospheric humidity (90 to 95%) and 23 to 27° C. for 24 hours. During this time, the spores germinated and the germ tubes penetrated into the leaf tissue. The infected plants were then cultivated further in a greenhouse at temperatures between 23 and 27° C. and 60 to 80% relative atmospheric humidity. After two days, the plants were sprayed to runoff point with the active compound solution described above at the active compound concentration indicated below. After the spray coating had dried on, the test plants were cultivated in a greenhouse at temperatures between 23 and 27° C. and 60 to 80% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 10 days. The extent of the rust fungus development on the leaves was then determined visually in % of infection. The plants which had been treated with an aqueous active compound preparation comprising 600 ppm of the active compounds I.A3b, I.A4b, I.A11b, I.A2b and I.A1b of Table E showed no infection (0%), whereas the untreated plants were 100% infected.
B) Micro test
The active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10 000 ppm in DMSO.
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated active compound concentration. An aqueous malt-based spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation. The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds. At an active compound concentration of 31 ppm, the active compounds I.A6a, I.A11a, I.A2a, I.A1a, I.A3a, I.A4a and I.A5a of Table E resulted in a growth of at most 4%.
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated active compound concentration. An aqueous malt-based spore suspension of Septoria tritici was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation. The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds. At an active compound concentration of 31 ppm, the active compounds I.A6a, I.A11a, I.A2a, I.A1a, I.A3a, I.A4a and I.A5a of Table E resulted in a growth of at most 8%.
Comparison with the Prior Art
The active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10 000 ppm in DMSO.
C1 Activity Against the Gray Mold Pathogen Botrytis cinerea in the Microtiter Test
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated active compound concentration. An aqueous malt-based spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation. The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds.
C2 Activity Against the Septoria Leaf Blotch Pathogen Septoria tritici in the Microtiter Test
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated active compound concentration. An aqueous malt-based spore suspension of Septoria tritici was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation. The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds.
according to the invention
according to the invention
prior art
The tests show that the prior art compound in which Z is an unsubstituted chain and R1 is an unsubstituted phenyl ring leads to a considerably higher infection (84% and 100%, respectively) than the compounds according to the invention in which either Z is also unsubstituted, but the phenyl ring is substituted, or, in the case of an unsubstituted phenyl ring, Z is substituted (4% and 0%/3%, respectively). This is most surprising.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 08164773.7 | Sep 2008 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP09/61693 | 9/9/2009 | WO | 00 | 3/21/2011 |
