Immidazoline quats

Abstract

Mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats with specified substitution content are provided. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat having at least one C16-C30 alkyl group; the C16-30 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95% with respect to C10+ reference substitution range.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Compounds containing an immidazoline ring 1

[0003] are known in the art. They are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,851,141, 4,452,732, 4,247,538, 4,206,195, 4,187,289, 4,149,551, and 4,102,795.

[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 4,102,795 discloses compositions for softening fabrics or hair that include immidazoline-based quarternary compounds (“quats”) of the formula 2

[0005] where R′ and R″′ are alkyl groups having 11 to 22 carbon atoms or β-hydroxyalkyl groups having from 13 to 24 carbon atoms; R″ is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, benzyl group, or the group —(C2H4O)nH, where n is 1 to 3; and Y− is halogen or monoalkyl sulfate. The '795 patent mentions the possibility of mixtures of these compounds, but does not describe any specific mixtures.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 4,452,732 discloses a shampoo containing several components, including immidazoline-based quaternary compounds of the formula 3

[0007] where the groups Q′ and Q″′ is/are a hydrocarbon group(s) containing 16 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably, 16 to 18 carbon atoms; Q″ is C1-C4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group; and Y− is a compatible anion. The possibility of mixtures is mentioned, again without specificity.

[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 4,247,538 discloses compositions for shampooing and conditioning hair that contain several components, including immidazoline-based compounds of the formula 4

[0009] where T1 is an alkyl group having 12 to 18 carbon atoms; T2 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and M is a water-soluble cation. The '538 patent does not disclose mixtures of these compounds.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] In one aspect, the present invention provides compositions that include a mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats, where the mixture as a whole has a specified substitution content. Various embodiments are disclosed. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat having at least one C16-C30 alkyl group; the C16-30 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95% with respect to C10+ reference substitution range. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one of the dialkyl immidazoline quats has at least one C20-C30 alkyl group; the C20-30 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95% with respect to C10+ reference substitution range. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one of the dialkyl immidazoline quats has at least one C20-C24 alkyl group; the C20-24 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95% with respect to C10+ reference substitution range.

[0011] In another aspect, the invention provides compositions that include a mixture of monoalkyl immidazoline quats, where the mixture as a whole has specified substitution content. Various embodiments are disclosed.

[0012] In another aspect, the invention provides immidazoline quat compounds of certain chemical structure. Various embodiments are disclosed.

[0013] Methods of making immidazoline quats and quat mixtures, personal care and cosmetic products and formulations that contain the immidazoline quats and quat mixtures, methods of making such personal care and cosmetic products and formulations, and methods of using the such immidazoline quats, quat mixtures, and personal care and cosmetic products and formulations are also provided. Various embodiments of the methods are disclosed.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] For the purposes of the present invention, various terms used herein are defined as follows. A “compound” is a distinct chemical substance having molecules of the same chemical structure. A “compound” is not a mixture of molecules having different chemical structures. A “composition” may include one compound or a mixture of compounds.

[0015] An “alkyl group” is any substituent group that includes a chain of one or more carbon atoms. An alkyl group may terminate in alkyl functionality (e.g., —CH3) or non-alkyl functionality (e.g., —Br). Likewise, an alkyl group may connect to the rest of the molecule (MOL) through alkyl functionality (e.g., —CH2— in MOL—CH2CH3) or non-alkyl functionality (e.g., —SO2— in MOL—SO2C3H8). Purely for purposes of illustration, each of the groups —(CH2)3—OH, —(CH2)4—CH3, —CH3, and —C(O)—(CH2)5—CH3, is an alkyl group. An “alkyl radical” is a chain of one or more carbon atoms connected to one another. Purely for purposes of illustration, the alkyl groups —(CH2)3—OH, —(CH2)4—CH3, and —C(O)—(CH2)5—CH3 contain alkyl radicals of the structures —(CH2)3—, —(CH2)4-CH3, and —(CH2)5—CH3, respectively.

[0016] Carbon chains of alkyl groups and alkyl radicals, and alkyl groups and radicals themselves are described as “Cx-Cy.” An alkyl group containing a Cx-Cy alkyl radical is referred to as Cx-Cy alkyl. Such description encompasses carbon chains of every length ranging from x to y carbon atoms, inclusive. For example, the description of an alkyl radical as “C10-C20” encompasses all alternative carbon chains having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, including carbon chains having 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 carbon atoms.

[0017] Terms such as alkylhydroxy, alkylcarboxy, carboxyalkyl, and the like, are used throughout. Purely for purposes of illustration, an alkylhydroxy group contains a hydroxy group and an alkyl radical, and connects to the rest of the molecule through the alkyl radical; a carboxyalkyl group contains an alkyl radical and a carboxy functionality that connects the carboxy group to the rest of the molecule; an alkylcarboxy group connects to the rest of the molecule through an alkyl radical and terminates in a carboxy functionality. Purely for purposes of illustration, “C10-C30 alkyl” defines a range of alkyl groups containing alkyl radicals having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and “C10-C30 alkylhydroxy” defines a range of alkyl groups containing a hydroxy group and alkyl radicals having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0018] In the compounds described herein, and consistent with the definitions set forth above, the alkyl groups and alkyl radicals, when present, may be substituted or unsubstituted, straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated. The substituents of the alkyl groups and alkyl radicals described herein, when present, may include lower alkyl, which contain alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, and butyl); halogenated lower alkyl, such as trifluoromethyl, perfluoroethyl, chloromethyl, and dichloromethyl; arylalkyl, such as benzyl; alkylaryl, such as p-methylbenzyl; halo, such as fluoro, chloro and bromo; carboxy, such as acetoxy and ethylcarboxy; alkylcarboxy, such as acetoxymethyl and acetoxyethyl; arylacetoxy, such as acetylbenzyl; hydroxy; alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; and alkylhydroxy, such as hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl.

[0019] “Dialkyl immidazoline quats” are compounds the molecules of which include an immidazoline ring, a quaternary nitrogen atom, and two alkyl groups having 10 or more carbon atoms (two C10+ alkyl groups). “Monoalkyl immidazoline quats” are compounds the molecules of which include an immidazoline ring, a quaternary nitrogen atom, and one alkyl group having 10 or more carbon atoms (one C10+ alkyl group).

[0020] Mixtures of quat compounds are described herein in terms of their substitution content, which is a characteristic of the quat mixture as a whole. The substitution content of a quat mixture is a ratio, expressed in the percentage terms, of the molar content of the alkyl groups that fall within a specified substitution range to the molar content of the alkyl groups that fall within a broader, reference substitution range. The molar content values for both the specified substitution range and the reference substitution range are measured for the quat mixture as a whole.

[0021] The specified substitution ranges are denoted as “Cx-y”, indicating a range alkyl groups or alkyl radicals having from x to y carbon atoms. The reference substitution ranges are denoted as “CX-Y” or “C10+”. “C10+” indicates a range of alkyl group or alkyl radicals having 10 or more carbon atoms. “CX-Y” indicates a range of alkyl groups or alkyl radicals having from X to Y carbon atoms.

[0022] The quat mixtures are described in terms of their “Cx-y content” or “Cx-y substitution content”. The C10+ reference range is the default substitution range. Thus, unless specified otherwise, a Cx-y substitution content of a quat mixture (abbreviated in the exemplified mixtures throughout as “Sx-y”) is the ratio, expressed in the percentage terms, of the molar content of alkyl groups that fall within a Cx-y range (“Mx-y”) to the molar content of the alkyl groups that fall within the C10+ range (“M10+”): Sx-y=Mx-y/M10+×100%, where both Mx-y and M10+ are measured for the mixture as a whole. If any reference range other than C10+ is used to describe a quat mixture (e.g., CX-Y range), the substitution content of the mixture (abbreviated in the exemplified mixtures as “Sx-y/X-Y”) and is the ratio of the molar content of alkyl groups that fall within a specified Cx-y range (“Mx-y”) to the molar content of the alkyl groups that fall within the CX-Y reference range (“MX-Y”): Sx-y/X-Y=Mx-y/MX-Y×100%.

[0023] To illustrate, consider the mixture M1 that contains a single molecule of dialkyl quat A1 and a single molecule of different dialkyl immidazoline quat A2. By definition, each of dialkyl quats A1 and A2 has two C10+ alkyl groups. Suppose, the molecule of quat A1 has one C20 alkyl group and one C12 alkyl group, and the molecule of quat A2 has two C20 alkyl groups. Suppose also, the mixture M1 is to be characterized in terms of its C16-30 substitution content (S16-30(M1)), e.g., the narrower, specified range is C16-30 and the broader, reference range is C10+.

[0024] The C16-30 substitution content of the mixture M1 can be calculated as: S16-30(M1)=M16-30(M1)/M10+(M1)×100%, where M16-30 is the C16-30 molar content of the mixture M1 and M10+(M1) is the C10+ molar content of the mixture M1. Since the molar concentrations of quats A1 and A2 in the mixture M1 are identical (one molecule each), the relative molar concentration may be disregarded, and the absolute numbers of alkyl groups falling within each range may be used instead. Thus, the C16-30 substitution content of the mixture M1 as a whole may be calculated as: S16-30(M1)=N16-30(M1)/N10+(M1)×100%, where N16-30(M1) is the number of alkyl groups in the mixture M1 that fall within the C16-30 range and N10+(M1) is the number of alkyl groups in the mixture M1 falling within the C10+ range.

[0025] The first step is to calculate the values of N16-30 and N10+ for the mixture. To determine N16-30 and N10+, a substituent group is counted every time it falls within the C10+ and C16-30 ranges, respectively, for all molecules in the mixture. The same group may be counted more than once. The C20 group falls within both the C16-30 range and the C10+ range and thus should be counted in calculating both N16-30(M1) and N10+(M1), while the C12 group fall only within the C10+ range and therefore should be counted only in calculating N10+ (M1). Performing the calculation for the mixture M1 as a whole, N16-30 is 3 (one C20 group of quat A1 and two C20 group of the quat A2) and N10+ is 4 (all four groups are in the C10+ range). Therefore, S16-30 for the mixture M1 is 75% (¾×100%).

[0026] For more complex quat mixtures, molar concentrations of quats in the mixture are taken into account. A non-limiting example illustrates calculation of substitution content for mixture M2 of dialkyl quats A3, A4, and A5. The mixture M2 is characterized in terms of its C20-30 substitution content (the specified substitution range is C20-30 and the reference substitution range is C10+):

TABLE 1*
	II	III	IV	V	VI
I	(N20-30)	(P20-30)	(M0//M10+)	(M20-30)	(S20-30)
Quat	Number of	C20-30	Moles	C20-30 molar	C20-30
	alkyl	molecular		contribution	substitution
	groups in	content		of each quat	content of
	the quat	for each		((III) ×	the mixture
	molecule	quat		((IV)) and
	falling in	((II)/2)		C20-30 molar
	the C20-30			content of
	range			the mixture
A3	1 (one)	0.5	2	1 (0.5 × 2)
A4	2 (two)	1	0.75	0.75
				(1 × 0.75)
A5	0 (none)	0	0.75	0 (0 × 0.75)
M2			3.5	1.75	50%
					(1.75/3.5)
*Column (I) identifies quat components of the mixture M2. Column (II) indicates how many alkyl groups of each quat molecule fall within the C20-30 range (note that dialkyl quats have two groups in the C10+range (N10+is 2)) . Column (IV) provides molar amounts of each quat in the mixture M2 and the total number of quat moles in the mixture M2. Columns (III), (V) and (VI) are explained below.

[0027] To calculate the C20-30 substitution content (S20-30) of the mixture M2, the first step is to determine the C20-30 content the molecule of each quat based on its chemical structure. Such substitution content is referred to as C20-30 “molecular content” and denoted as “P20-30”. The C20-30 molecular content of a quat is determined by dividing the number of C20-C30 alkyl groups (N20-30) by the number of C10+ alkyl groups (N10+) in molecule of the quat: P20-30=N20-30/N10+.

[0028] In the example, the nature of substitution for quats in the mixture is provided in column (II). The molecule of quat A3 has 1 (one) group that falls in the C20-30 range. The number of groups in the C10+ range is 2 (two) for all dialkyl quats. Thus, the C20-30 molecular content of quat A3 (P20-30 (A3) ) is ½=0.5. The C20-30 molecular content values for quats A3, A4, and A5 are calculated in the same manner by dividing the values in column (II) by 2, and are shown in column (III).

[0029] Next, the C20-30 molar contribution of each quat component of the mixture (M20-30) is calculated. For this purpose, each quat's C20-30 molecular content (P20-30, column (III)) is multiplied by the number of moles of the corresponding quat in the mixture (M0, column (IV)): M20-30=P20-30×M0. The results of the calculations are shown in column (V). In effect, the product of the multiplication is the molar amount of C20-30 alkyl groups contributed by each quat component of the mixture M2.

[0030] The C20-30 molar content of the mixture M2 as a whole (M20-30(M2)) is the sum of the C20-30 molar contributions of individual quats: M20-30(M2)=M20-30(A3)+M20-30(A4)+M20-30(A5). Referring to column (V), quat A3 contributes 1 mole of C20-C30 groups (M20-30(A3)=1), quat A4 contributes 0.75 moles (M20-30(A4)=0.75), and quat A5 contributes 0 moles of C20-C30 groups (M20-30(A5)=0). Therefore, the C20-30 molar content of the mixture M2 is 1.75 (M20-30(M2)=1+0.75+0).

[0031] The sum of the C10+ molar contributions of individual quats is the C10+ molar content of the mixture M2 as a whole (M10+(M2)): M10+(M2)=M10+(A3)+M10+(A4)+M10+(A5). Since all dialkyl quats have two alkyl groups in the C10+ range, the C10+ molar content (M10+) of a dialkyl quat component is identical to the number of moles of the quat component (M0). Referring to column (IV), quat A3 contributes 2 mole of C10+ groups (M0+(A3)=2), quat A4 contributes 0.75 moles (M0+(A4)=0.75), and quat A5 contributes 0.75 moles of C10+ groups (M0+(A5)=0.75). Therefore, the C10+ molar content of the mixture M2 is 3.5 (M10+(M2)=2+0.75+0.75). Finally, the C20-30 substitution content of the mixture M2 can be calculated: S20-30(M2)=M20-30(M2)/M10+(M2)=1.75/3.5=50% (column (VI)).

[0032] Another non-limiting example illustrates calculation of the substitution content for mixtures of monoalkyl quats. Table 2 shows mixture M3 of monoalkyl quats B1, B2, and B3. The mixture M3 is characterized in terms of its C20-24 substitution content (the specified substitution range is C20-24 and the reference substitution range is C10+).

TABLE 2
	II	III	IV	V	VI
I	(N20-24)	(P20-24)	(M0//M10+)	(M20-24)	(S20-24)
Quat	Number of	C20-24	Moles	C20-24 molar	C20-24
	alkyl	molecular		contribution	substitution
	groups	content		of each quat	content of
	(the	for each		(III × IV)	the mixture
	C20-24	quat		and C20-24	(V/IV)
	range) that	(II/1)		molar
	fall			content the
	in the quat			mixture
	molecule
B1	1	1	1.5	1.5 (1 × 1.5)
B2	1	1	1	1 (1 ×0 1)
B3	0	0	2.5	0 (0 × 2.5)
M3			5	2.5	2.5/5 ×
					100% = 50%

[0033] The C20-24 substitution content of the mixture M3 (S20-24(M3)) is calculated as follows similarly to the calculations described in reference to the mixture of Table 1:

[0034] 1. Determine the C20-24 molecular content for each monoalkyl quat: P20-24=N20-24/N10+. Since N10+ is 1 (one) for all monoalkyl quats, the C20-24 molecular content for each quat is calculated as: P20-24=N20-24/1. The results are shown in column (III). It is evident that Px-y=Nx-y for monoalkyl quats in general. Thus, Nx-y may be used instead of Px-y and column (III) is omitted in later examples of monoalkyl quat mixtures.

[0035] 2. Determine the C20-24 molar contributions of quat components by multiplying the number of C20-C24 groups by molar amount for each quat component: M20-24=N20-24×M0. The N20-24 values in column (II) are multiplied by the corresponding M0 values in column (IV). The results of the calculations are in column (V).

[0036] 3. Determine the C20-24 molar content of the mixture M3 by adding the C20-24 molar contributions of the quat components: M20-24 (M3)=M20-24 (B1)+M20-24 (B2)+M20-24 (B3). The M20-24 values for each quat component in column (V) are added. The calculated C20-24 molar content of the mixture M3 is also shown in column (V).

[0037] 4. Determine the C10+ molar content of the mixture M3 by adding the C10+ molar contributions of the quat components. Since all monoalkyl quats have one alkyl group in the C10+ range, molar amounts of the quats are used: M10+(M3)=M0(B1)+M0(B2)+M0(B3). The M0 values for each quat component in column (IV) are added. The calculated C10+ molar content of the mixture M3 is shown in column (IV).

[0038] 5. Determine the C20-24 substitution content of the mixture M3 by dividing the C20-24 molar content of the mixture M3 by the C10+ molar content of the quats in the mixture: S20-24(M3)=M20-24(M3)/M10+(M3). The calculated C20-24 substitution content of the mixture M3 is shown in column (VI).

[0039] The above definitions and calculation methodologies are used throughout to describe various aspects and embodiments of the invention.

[0040] In accordance with one aspect, the invention provides compositions that include mixtures of at least two different dialkyl immidazoline quats; the mixture having specified substitution content. In addition to dialkyl immidazoline quats, the compositions of this aspect of the invention may include other quaternary and non-quaternary compounds. If desired, monoalkyl immidazoline quats and/or other quaternary compounds are substantially excluded from the composition.

[0041] In one embodiment, the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat with one or both alkyl groups being C16-30 alkyl groups. Thus, at least a portion of the mixture has C16-C30 alkyl groups, providing the mixture as a whole with C16-30 substitution content greater than zero. In this embodiment, the C16-30 substitution content of the mixture is from about 10% to about 95%, more preferably, from about 15% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 20% to about 70%, yet more preferably, from about 35% to about 60%.

[0042] In another embodiment, the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat with one or both alkyl groups being C20-C30 alkyl groups. Thus, at least a portion of the mixture has C20-C30 alkyl groups, providing the mixture as a whole with C20-30 substitution content greater than zero. In this embodiment, the C20-30 substitution content of the mixture is from about 10% to about 95%, more preferably, from about 15% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 20% to about 70%, yet more preferably, from about 35% to about 60%.

[0043] In yet one embodiment, the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat with one or both alkyl groups being C20-C24 alkyl groups. Thus, at least a portion of the mixture has C20-C24 alkyl groups, providing the mixture as a whole with C20-24 substitution content greater than zero. In this embodiment, the C20-24 substitution content of the mixture is from about 10% to about 95%, more preferably, from about 15% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 20% to about 70%, yet more preferably, from about 35% to about 60%.

[0044] Dialkyl immidazoline quats in the mixtures may be selected from compounds of the formula (I): 5

[0045] where X is a salt-forming anion, such as chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, methyl sulfate, methanebenzylsulfonate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, carboxylate, or a mixture thereof, preferably, chloride or methyl sulfate; a is the ionic charge of X;

[0046] R1, R2, and R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-C30 alkyl, C1-C30 alkylhydroxy, C1-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6) wherein R(C1-C6) is a C1-C6 alkylene or benzyl, C1-C30 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6) or C1-C30 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6);

[0047] two of R1, R2, and R3 are independently C10-C30 alkyl, C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C10-C30 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6), or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6), and the remaining one of R1, R2 and R3 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkylhydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C1-C8 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6), or C1-C8 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6);

[0048] R4, R5, R6, and R7, same or different, are independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, halogen, including bromo and chloro, acetoxy, alkylacetoxy, arylacetoxy, carboxy, alkylcarboxy, hydroxy, or alkoxyhydroxy, preferably, R4, R5, R6, and R7, same or different, are hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl.

[0049] More preferably, the dialkyl immidazoline quats in the mixtures are selected from the compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 is C10-C30 alkyl or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6) or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6) and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are independently hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl. Yet more preferably, R1 is C10-C30 alkyl, R2 is methyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido C1-C3 alkylene or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy amido C1-C3 alkylene, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen, and X is chloride or methyl sulfate.

[0050] The portion providing the mixture with substitution content greater than C10+, such as the C16-30, C20-30 or C20-24 substitution contents, may contain compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 is C16-C30 alkyl or C16-C30 alkylhydroxy, and R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6); or compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 is C10-C30 alkyl or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, and R3 is C16-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6); or compounds of the formula (I) in which both R1 and R3 are in the C16-30 substitution range. The portion of the mixture may have the same relative variations of the content of the portion for C16-C30 and C20-C24 substituents.

[0051] Non-limiting examples of dialkyl quats of the formula (I) are quats (1), (2), (3), and (4): 6

[0052] In another non-limiting example, Table 3 shows mixture M4 of dialkyl quats (1), (2), (3), and (4) and the calculation of the mixture's substitution content. The mixture M4 is characterized in terms of its C20-30 substitution content (the specified substitution range is C20-30 and the reference substitution range is C10+).

TABLE 3*
		III		V	VI
	II	(P20-30 =	IV	(M20-30 =	(S20-30 =
I	(N20-30)	II/2)	(M0//M10+)	III × IV)	V/IV)
1	1	0.5	1	0.5 (0.5 × 1)
2	2	1	2	2 (1 × 2)
3	2	1	2	2 (1 × 2)
4	1	0.5	3	1.5 (0.5 × 3)
M4			8	6	75%
					(6/8 ×
					100%)
*Explanations for calculating the C20-30 content are provided with reference to Table 1.

[0053] The invention also provides compositions that include a mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats of the formula (II): 7

[0054] where X and a are defined above with reference to the formula (I);

[0055] n varies from 1 to 3, preferably, n is 2;

[0056] m is 1 or 2, preferably, m is 2;

[0057] R8 and R11, which may be the same or different, are C16-C30 alkyl;

[0058] R9 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, preferably, methyl;

[0059] R10 is hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, halogen, including bromo and chloro, acetoxy, alkylacetoxy, arylacetoxy, carboxy, alkylcarboxy, hydroxy, or alkoxyhydroxy, preferably, hydrogen or lower alkyl, more preferably, hydrogen.

[0060] In addition to dialkyl immidazoline quats of the formula (II), the compositions of this embodiment may include other quaternary and non-quaternary compounds. If desired, monoalkyl immidazoline quats and/or other quaternary compounds may be substantially excluded from the composition.

[0061] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one quat of the formula (II) in which one or both of R8 and R11 is/are C16-C24 alkyl group(s), and the C16-24 substitution content of the mixture with respect to the C16-30 reference substitution range varies from about 10% to about 95%, more preferably, from about 15% to about 80%, more preferably, from about 20% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 35% to about 60%.

[0062] In another embodiment, at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one quat of the formula (II) in which one or both of R8 and R11 is/are C20-C24 alkyl group(s) and the C20-24 substitution content of the mixture with respect to the C16-30 reference substitution range varies from about 10% to about 95%, more preferably, from about 15% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 20% to about 70%, yet more preferably, from about 35% to about 60%.

[0063] Non-limiting examples of dialkyl immidazoline quats of the formula (II) are quats (5), (6), (7), and (8): 8

[0064] Other non-limiting examples of the quats of the formula (II) are quats (9)-(16) shown in Table 4:

TABLE 4*
Compound	R8	R11
9	C18H35	C18H35
10	C21H40	C21H40
11	C22H40	C22H40
12	C16H29	C18H35
13	C23H40	C23H4
14	C18H35	C22H41
15	C18H33	C18H33
16	C22H40	C22H40
*R9 is methyl, R10 is hydrogen, m is 2, and n is 2.

[0065] In a non-limiting example, Table 5 shows mixture M5 of dialkyl quats (9), (10), and (11) and the calculation of the mixture's substitution content. The mixture M5 is characterized in terms of its C20-24/16-30 substitution content (the specified range is C20-24 and the reference range is C16-30). The C16-30 range is used as the reference range, instead of the default C10+ reference range, since R8 and R11 are C16-C30 alkyl groups. The combined molar content of R8 and R11 groups in the mixture M5 is used in the calculations:

TABLE 5
		III	IV	V	VI
I	II	(P20-24 =	(M0//	(M20-24 =	(S20-24/16-30 =
(Quat)	(N20-24)	II/2)	M10+)	III × IV)	V/IV)
9	0	0	1	0 (0 × 1)
10	2	1	0.75	0.75 (0.75 × 1)
11	2	1	0.25	0.25 (0.25 × 1)
M5			2	1	50% (1/2 ×
					100%)

[0066] Other non-limiting examples of quat mixtures and calculations of their C20-24 content are shown in Tables 6 and 7:

TABLE 6
		III	IV	V	VI
I	II	(P20-24 =	(M0//	(M20-24 =	(S20-24/16-30 =
(Quat)	(N20-24)	II/2)	M10+)	III × IV)	V/IV)
12	0	0	1	0 (0 × 1)
13	2	1	2.5	2.5 (1 × 2.5)
M6			3.5	2.5	71.4%
					(2.5/3.5 ×
					100%)

[0067]

TABLE 7
		III	IV	V	VI
I	II	(P20-24 =	(M0//	(M20-24 =	(S20-24/16-30 =
(Quat)	(N20-24)	II/2)	M10+)	III × IV)	V/IV)
14	1	0.5	2	1 (0.5 × 2)
15	0	0	1	0 (0 × 1)
16	2	1	1	1 (1 × 1)
M7			4	2	50%
					(2/4 × 100%)

[0068] In another aspect, the invention provides a composition that include a dialkyl immidazoline quat of the formula (IA): 9

[0069] where X is a salt-forming anion, such as chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, methyl sulfate, methanebenzylsulfonate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, carboxylate, and mixtures thereof;

[0070] a is the ionic charge of X;

[0071] R1a, R2a, and R3a are independently hydrogen, C1-C36 alkyl, C1-C36 alkylhydroxy, C1-C36 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C1-C36 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6) or C1-C36 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6), R(C1-C6) being C1-C6 alkylene or benzyl;

[0072] two of R1a, R2a, and R3a are independently C10-C36 alkyl, C10-C36 alkylhydroxy, C10-C36 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C10-C36 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6) or C10-C36 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6);

[0073] the remaining one of R1a, R2a and R3a is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkylhydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C1-C8 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6) or C1-C8 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6); R4, R5, R6, and R7, same or different, are independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, fluoro, bromo, chloro, iodo, acetoxy, alkylacetoxy, arylacetoxy, carboxy, alkylcarboxy, hydroxy or alkoxyhydroxy;

[0074] with the proviso that the dialkyl immidazoline quat does not have the formula 10

[0075] where R′ is C11-C22 alkyl or C13-C24 β-alkyl hydroxy; R″ is C1-C6 alkyl; and R″′ is C12-C20 alkyl or C11-C22 alkyl amido C1-C3 alkylene.

[0076] In one embodiment of this aspect, the dialkyl immidazoline quat is a compound of the formula (III): 11

[0077] where n varies from 1 to 3, preferably, n is 2;

[0078] m is 1 or 2, preferably, m is 2;

[0079] R12 and R14, same or different, are C24-C30 alkyl; and

[0080] R13 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl.

[0081] In yet another aspect, the invention provides compositions that include mixtures of at least two monoalkyl immidazoline quats with specified substitution content. In addition to monoalkyl immidazoline quats, the compositions may include other quaternary and non-quaternary compounds. If desired, dialkyl immidazoline quats and/or other quaternary compounds may be substantially excluded from the composition.

[0082] In one embodiment, the mixture contains monoalkyl immidazoline quats, at least one of which has a C16-C30 alkyl group; the C16-30 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95%, preferably, from about 15% to about 85%, more preferably, from about 20% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 25% to about 75%.

[0083] In another embodiment, the mixture contains monoalkyl immidazoline quats at least one of which has a C18-C26 alkyl group; the C18-26 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95%, preferably, from about 15% to about 85%, more preferably, from about 20% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 25% to about 75%.

[0084] In yet another embodiment, the mixture contains monoalkyl immidazoline quats at least one of which has a C20-C24 alkyl group; the C20-24 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 90%, preferably, from about 15% to about 85%, more preferably, from about 20% to about 80%, yet more preferably, from about 25% to about 75%.

[0085] Monoalkyl quats in the mixtures may have the formula (IV): 12

[0086] where X and a are defined in reference to formula (I);

[0087] R15, R16 and R17 are independently hydrogen, C1-C30 alkyl, C1-C30 alkylhydroxy, C1-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C1-C30 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6), or C1-C30 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6), wherein R(C1-C6) is a C1-C6 alkylene or benzyl;

[0088] one of R15, R16 and R17 is C1-C30 alkyl, C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C10-C30 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6) or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6);

[0089] the remaining two of R15, R16 and R17 are independently hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkylhydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), C1-C8 alkylaryl amido R(C1-C6), or C1-C8 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6);

[0090] R18, R19, R20, and R21, same or different, are independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, halogen, including bromo and chloro, acetoxy, alkylacetoxy, arylacetoxy, carboxy, alkylcarboxy, hydroxy, or alkoxyhydroxy; preferably, R18, R19, R20, and R21, same or different, are hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl.

[0091] More preferably, R15 is C10-C30 alkyl or alkylhydroxy, yet more preferably, C14-C30 alkyl or alkylhydroxy, yet more preferably, R15 is C16-C30 alkyl or or alkylhydroxy, yet more preferably, R15 is C20-C30 alkyl or alkylhydroxy;

[0092] R16 is C1-C6 alkyl, yet more preferably, C1-C3 alkyl, yet more preferably, methyl;

[0093] R17 is C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkylhydroxy, C1-C8 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), or C1-C8 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6), more preferably, C1-C8 alkyl amido C1-C3 alkylene or C1-C8 alkylhydroxy.

[0094] Non-limiting examples of monoalkyl quats of the formula (IV) are quats (17), (18), and (19): 13

[0095] More preferably, monoalkyl quats in the mixtures have the formula (V) 14

[0096] or formula (VI) 15

[0097] where X and a are as defined above with reference to the formula (I);

[0098] R22 and R26 are independently C16-C30 alkyl;

[0099] R23 and R27 are each hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;

[0100] R24 is hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, halogen, including bromo and chloro, acetoxy, alkylacetoxy, arylacetoxy, carboxy, alkylcarboxy, hydroxy, or alkoxyhydroxy;

[0101] R25 and R28 are each C1-C8 alkyl or C1-C8 alkylhydroxy;

[0102] n varies from 1 to 3; and

[0103] m is 1 or 2.

[0104] Yet more preferably, R24 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, yet more preferably, hydrogen; n is 2; and m is 2.

[0105] Non-limiting examples of monoalkyl quats of the formula (V) are quats (20) and (21): 16

[0106] Non-limiting examples of monoalkyl quats of the formula (VI) are quats (22) and (23): 17

[0107] Other non-limiting examples of monoalkyl quats of the formula (V) are quats (24)-(28) shown in Table 8:

TABLE 8*
Quat R22
24   C18H35
25   C21H40
26   C22H41
27   C18H33
28   C22H40
*R23 is CH3; R24 is hydrogen, R25 is CH3

[0108] In non-limiting examples, Tables 9 and 10 show mixtures M8 and M9, respectively, of quats (24)-(28) and the calculations of their substitution content. Both mixtures are characterized in terms of their C20-24 content (the specified range is C20-24 and the reference range is C10+).

TABLE 9*
I	II	IV	V	VI
(Quat)	(N20-24)	(M0//M10+)	(M20—20 = II × IV)	(S20-24 = V/IV)
24	0	1	0	(0 × 1)
25	1	1.5	1.5	(1 × 1.5)
M8		2.5	1.5		60%
					(1.5/2.5 × 100%)

[0109]

TABLE 10*
I	II	IV	V	VI
(Quat)	(N20-4	(M0//M10+)	(M20-24 = II × IV)	(S20-24 = V/IV)
26	1	2	2	(1 × 2)
27	0	1	0	(0 × 1)
28	1	1	1	(1 × 1)
M9		4	3		75%
					(¾) × 100%

[0110] Monoalkyl immidazoline quats and dialkyl immidazoline quats may be prepared in a number of ways, including methods known to those skilled in the art. One of suitable preparation methods is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,440, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A possible synthetic route involves a reaction of a carboxylic acid, anhydride, or natural or synthetic oil, with a desired dialkyltriamine (for dialkyl quats preparation) or N-alkyl-N-alkylamino-diamine (for monoalkyl quats preparation), followed by quaternization of the resulting immidazoline intermediate.

[0111] Reaction Scheme 1 shows an example of the synthetic route for preparation of certain dialkyl immidazoline quats, specifically, 1-methyl-1-(alkyl-acylamido-) ethyl)-2-alkyl immidazolinium methyl sulfates, via a reaction between one mole of diethylene triamine and two moles of a fatty carboxylic acid (or acids), followed by a quaternization with dimethyl sulfate: 18

[0112] where R′ and R″ are alkyl groups having more than 10 carbon atoms, or groups containing alkyl radicals having more than 10 carbon atoms.

[0113] Likewise, Reaction Scheme 2 shows an example of the synthetic route for preparation of certain monoalkyl immidazoline quats, specifically, 1-methyl-1-(lower alkyl)-2-alkyl immidazolinium chlorides, via a reaction between N-lower alkyl-N-ethyleneamino diamine and a fatty carboxylic acid(s), followed by a quaternization with methyl chloride: 19

[0114] where R′ is an alkyl group or a group containing an alkyl radical having more than 10 carbon atoms, and R″′ is an alkyl group or a group containing an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0115] The Reaction Schemes 1 and 2 are non-limiting examples. Various other immidazoline quats may be obtained via different synthetic routes known to those skilled in the art and/or by varying the starting materials and the reactants in the examplyfied routes. For example, with respect to the synthetic route shown in the Reaction Scheme 1, the carboxylic acids R′COOH and R″COOH may be the same or different and/or may contain a variety of groups R′ and R″. The nature of R′ and R″ substitution in the carboxylic acids may be used to vary the R′ and R″ substituents in the resulting dialkyl immidazoline compounds. Likewise, the groups R′ and R″ may be varied in the route shown in the Reaction Scheme 2.

[0116] The carboxylic groups R′CO— and R″CO— may be derived from a variety of sources. Thus, essentially pure carboxylic acids may be used. The suitable carboxylic acids having C18-C24 alkyl groups include, for example, arachidic (C20, including the carboxylic carbon1, and 0 double bonds in the alkyl group (C20:0)), erucic (C22:1), behemic (C22:0), gadoleic (C20:1), erucic (C22:1), arachadonic (C20:4), culpodonic (C22:5), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), tetrcosanoic (C24:0); and nervonic (C24:1). Other carboxylic acids, including acids having any desirable alkyl substitution may also be used. 1 Subscripts with reference to the number of carbon atoms indicate the number of carbon atoms without the carboxylic group carbon; the superscripts indicate the number of carbon atoms of the carboxylic group including the carboxylic carbon. Thus, C20 is C19COO—.

[0117] The mixtures of quats may be obtained in any manner. For example, artificial mixtures of carboxylic acids may be used in reaction schemes 1 and 2. If a mixture of carboxylic acids is used, the reaction usually provides a corresponding mixture of compounds with R′/R″ substitution content similar or identical to the R′/R″ distribution in the mixture.

[0118] The use of artificial mixtures of pure carboxylic acids may not be economically feasible. Rather, the mixtures of carboxylic acids derived from a single source containing various carboxylic groups, such as natural or synthetic oils, triglycerides, and the like, are used. For example, such mixtures may be obtained in commercial quantities via saponification of ester-containing natural or synthetic substances.

[0119] In fact, carboxylic acids may be directly replaced in the reactions above by ester-containing natural or synthetic oil or a similar substance. Similarly to the use of carboxylic acid mixtures, the reaction between the ester-containing oil and a diamine or triamine usually provides a mixture of compounds with R′/R″ substitution content similar or identical to the R′/R″ distribution in the oil.

[0120] Preferably, the compositions of the invention contain compounds derived from natural and synthetic oils, fatty acids and/or triglycerides.

[0121] Thus, in yet another aspect, the invention provides a product of a reaction between

[0122] a) a compound of the formula 20

[0123] where R′ is C1-C3 alkylene, preferably —CH2CH2— group, and R is R′NH2, C1-C30 alkyl, or C1-C30 alkylhydroxy, preferably. R is —CH2CH2NH2 or —CH2CH2OH; and

[0124] b) a mixture of natural or synthetic oil-derived carboxylic acids or a natural or synthetic oil.

[0125] Oils that may be used directly or which may provide oil-derived mixtures of carboxylic acids include, for example, HEAR oil, cod liver oil, herring oil, menhaden oil, mustard seed oil, pilchard oil, hear oil, salmon oil, sardine oil and shark liver oil. Of course, other oils and similar substances may also be used. For listing of such substances, see 1 “Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products” (Daniel Swern, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Ed. 1979), at pages 416-417, 447, 449-450, and 452, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0126] The substitution content of any quat mixture, including those derived from the natural or synthetic oils, may be relatively easily characterized in terms of the weight percentages of certain substituents in the mixture. Any analytical methods known to those skilled in the art may be used, such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography or Gas Chromatography, where suitable, to determine the identity and the weight proportions of the quat components in the mixture. On the basis of such analysis, the “substitution content” of the mixture as defined herein (e.g., C16-24 or C24-24 contents), may be easily derived from the weight percentages and molecular weights of the quat components by using the calculation methodology described herein.

[0127] Table 11 shows known approximate weight percentages of some of the C20+ components in some of the common oils:

TABLE 11
Substance	C20:0	C20:1	C20:4	C20:5	C22:0	C22:1	C22:5	C22:6	C24:0
Cod liver	8.8-			2.6-		4.6-	1-2%	8.6-
oil	14.6%			9%		13.3%		19%
Herring		1.5-		4.6-		2.8-	1-	3.8-
oil		19.2%		10.2%		19.9%	3.7%	24.1%
Menhaden		0.9-	0.6-	10.2-		0.7-	1.1-	3.3-
oil		2.7%	1.2%	13.5%		1.7%	2.3%	14%
Pilchard		3.2%	1.6%	16.9%		3.6%	2.5%	12.9%
(Sardine)
oil
HEAR oil		0.8-				20.1-			0.1-
	13.5%					59.4%			1.4%
Mustard		7%				44.2%
Seed oil

[0128] The oils shown in Table 11 generally contain from about 30% to about 90% of C20-C30 alkyl groups in their fatty carboxylic groups by weight. The oils often exhibit substantial variations in C20-C30 content, and also include some C1-C19 content.

[0129] Thus, the more preferred mixtures of dialkyl quats are derived from rapeseed oil, especially high erucic rapeseed oil (HEAR oil), which typically contains 46% of C22:1 alkyl (erucic), 1.5% of C22:0 alkyl (behemic), and 11% of C20:1 alkyl (gadoleic) by weight. Yet more preferred are qtars derived from hydrogenated HEAR oil in which the double bonds of the erucic is hydrogenated, resulting in behenic (C22:0). HEAR oil or HEAR oil-derived mixtures of carboxylic acids may be used to obtain quat mixtures. The dialkyl immidazoline quat mixture obtained in this manner is preferred. It is also referred to in the examples herein as di-behenyl immidazolinium methosulfate, reflecting the prevalence of C22:1 alkyls.

[0130] The compositions containing immidazoline quats may in the form of quat raw materials.

[0131] In general, a producer provides raw quats to manufacturers of personal care and cosmetic products, who formulate them in the final products. An important characteristic of raw quats, as well as the final products that incorporate them, is the so-called cationic activity, which measures a concentration of positive charges in a substance, product, etc. The cationic activity may be measured by several methods readily understood by those skilled in the art. One such method utilizes a standardized solution of an anionic material, such as sodium lauryl sulfate. This material is added to the solution containing the quat until full complexation of the quat's cations (the end point) has been reached. The end point can be measured potentiometrically or by the use of color indicators.

[0132] Typical tests involve titrating a sample of the quat, usually dissolved in a solvent, with the standardized solution of sodium lauryl sulfate until the endpoint is reached. As described in the co-pending and co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/438,631, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, once the endpoint is reached, the cationic activity can be calculated according to the following formula: 1$\%\mathrm{cationic}\mathrm{activity}=\frac{\mathrm{mL}\times N\times \mathrm{MW}\times 100}{S.\mathrm{wt}.\times 1000}$

[0133] Where:

[0134] mL=the number of mL of anionic material

[0135] N=the normality of the solution used

[0136] MW=the molecular weight of the quat being analyzed

[0137] S.wt.=the sample weight in grams

[0138] For additional information regarding the methodology for measuring the cationic activity, see W. Schempp and H. T. Trau, Wochenblatt fur Papierfabrikation 19, 1981, pages 726-732, or J. P. Fischer and K. Lohr, Organic Coatings Science Technology, Volume 8, pages 227-249, Marcel Dekker, Inc. April 1986), both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0139] It is desirable to provide raw quats in a concentrated form with high cationic activity, as a solid or semi-solid solution or dispersion. Without wishing to be bound by any specific theory, it is believed that a desired amount of a given quat or mixture of quats to be placed in a formulation may be measured by the cationic activity of the quat raw material. The quat raw materials with high cationic activity permit better transportation efficiency since they occupy smaller space while providing the same desired quat amounts. It is also desirable to produce raw quats that, in addition to having high cationic activity, provide for ease in commercial handling and storage. For example, the raw quat that melt at lower temperatures minimize quat decomposition and improve energy efficiency. For this purpose, it is preferred for the raw quats to be flakeable or pastillatable.

[0140] Thus, the composition containing immidazoline quats or quat mixtures described herein may be in the form of concentrated, usually solid, solutions or suspensions of the quat(s) or mixture(s) in a suitable carrier. Such compositions are called herein quats raw materials. The preferred carrier is a solvent, and the preferred solvents include isopropyl alcohol, SDA-40, propylene glycol, butylenes glycol, various fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the quat raw materials of the invention are flakeable or pastillatable solids with high quat cationic activity. The quat cationic activity is the cationic activity that is attributed to quaternary nitrogen compounds. The preferred total quat cationic activity of the quat raw materials of the invention is greater than 10%, preferably, greater than 20%, more preferably, greater than 35%, yet more preferably, greater than 50%.

[0141] The quat raw materials of the invention may include one or more desirable ingredients of final cosmetic/personal care formulations, such as emollients and the like, as well as various impurities. The list of possible ingredients may be found below.

[0142] The compositions containing immidazoline quats and/or quat mixtures may also be in the form of various cosmetic and/or personal care products. Such compositions may be referred to as final product compositions. Examples of the final product compositions include sunscreen compositions for hair and/or skin, such as lotions, gels, sprays, and the like, hand cleaners, bath compositions, suntan oils, anti-perspirant compositions, perfumes and colognes, cold creams, pre-shaves, deodorants, topical pharmaceutical ointments, skin moisturizers, facial cleansers, cleansing creams, skin gels, shampoos, hair conditioners, detergents, household cleaning products, make-up products, lipstick products, mascara, and hair coloring products. The preferred final product compositions of the invention are compositions for treating human hair, such as shampoos or conditioners.

[0143] The final product compositions including preparations for skin and hair, include immidazoline quats or immidazoline quat mixtures described herein. The amount of immidazoline quats or mixtures in the products depend on the specific application, and may vary from about 0.1% to about 40%, more preferably, from about 0.1% to about 10%, yet more preferably, from about 0.5% to about 2% by the weight of the product composition. However, different amounts of immidazoline quats or immidazoline quat mixtures may be preferred depending on the nature of the product.

[0144] The final product compositions that include the immidazoline quats or mixtures of immidazoline quats may be in the form of liquids, gels, creams, emulsions, foams, and solids; may be clear or opaque; and may be formulated as aqueous and non-aqueous preparations, including but not limited to topical preparations. Preferably, the final product compositions are dispersions or solutions in water, or in a mixture of water with a suitable secondary solvent. Suitable inert solvents include various lower alkanols and glycols. Lower alkanols having from one to four carbon atoms are suitable for use with the present invention, and lower alkanols having from two to three carbon atoms are preferred. Glycols having from three to eight carbon atoms are suitable for use with the present invention, while glycols having from three to six carbon atoms are preferred. Examples of suitable lower alkanols and glycols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propane diol, 2-methyl 1,3-propane diol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and the like. The total amount of solvent may be up to about 98% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 20% to about 90%, more preferably, from about 50% to about 90% by weight of the composition. Again, however, different amounts of solvent may be preferred depending on the nature of the product. If a mixture of water and a secondary solvent is used, the secondary solvent may be present in the amount of up to 90%, preferably, between about 25% and about 80% by weight of water in the composition.

[0145] In addition to the immidazoline quaternary compounds, the final product compositions may include various active and additional ingredients, both conventional and otherwise. Of course, a decision to include an ingredient and the choice of specific active and additional ingredients depends on the specific application and product formulation. Also, the line of demarcation between an “active” ingredient and an “additional ingredient” is artificial and dependent on the specific application and product type. A substance that is an “active” ingredient in one application or product may be an “additional” ingredient in another, and vice versa.

[0146] The final product compositions may include one or more active ingredients, which provide some benefit to the object of the application of the composition, for example, hair or skin. Such active ingredients may include one or more substances such as cleaning agents, hair conditioning agents, skin conditioning agents, hair styling agents, antidandruff agents, hair growth promoters, perfumes, sunscreen compounds, pigments, moisturizers, film formers, hair colors, make-up agents, detergents, thickening agents, emulsifiers, antiseptic agents, deodorant actives, surfactants and pharmaceuticals useful for topical purposes for transdermal delivery.

[0147] The choice of the active ingredient(s) depends on the nature of the desired cosmetic or personal care product. For example, the sunscreen compounds may be used in the sunscreen lotions, shampoos, medicated shampoos, hair care lotions and the like. For each type of active ingredient, one or more compounds may be present. Likewise, more than one type of active ingredient may be present.

[0148] It is believed that immidazoline quat and/or quat mixtures improves hair substantivity of hydrophobic ingredients of cosmetic and personal care products, which is typically thought of as the degree of deposition of the hydrophobic ingredient on hair and is desirable. The hydrophobic components are those that are substantially insoluble in water. Typically, such hydrophobic ingredients are soluble in oils. Thus, the compositions described herein may further include at least one hydrophobic ingredient, examples of which include botanical extracts, vitamin E, vitamin A, silicones, waxes and antioxidants.

SURFACTANTS

[0149] In addition to the immidazoline quaternary compounds and/or mixtures, other surfactants may be present in the compositions described herein, including one or more nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. For some of surfactants that may be used in combination with the compositions of the invention, please see McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, (1986), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,151,210, 5,151,209, 5,120,532, 5,011,681, 4,788,006, 4,741,855, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,704,272, 4,557,853, 4,421,769, 3,755,560; all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0150] Cationic Surfactants

[0151] Immidazoline quaternary compounds of the invention are cationic surfactants suitable for use in various personal care products, especially hair care products such as conditioners and shampoos. In addition, other cationic surfactants may be present in the compositions of the invention. The amounts and the nature of cationic surfactants present in the compositions of the invention depend on the nature of the composition. In the final product composition, the total amount of cationic surfactants, including the immidazoline quats and mixtures thereof described herein, may vary from 0.1% to about 40%, more preferably, from about 0.1% to about 15%, yet more preferably, from about 0.5% to about 2% by the weight of the product composition. However, different amounts of cationic surfactants may be preferred depending on the nature of the product. Suitable additional cationic surfactants are disclosed in McCutcheon, Detergents & Emulsifiers, (M.C. Publishing Co. 1979); U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,155,591, 3,929,678, 3,959,461, 4,387,090, which are incorporated by reference herein.

[0152] Ammonium Quats

[0153] The compositions of the invention may include quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants of the formula 21

[0154] where X and a are as previously described, Q1 is C12-C22 alkyl, C12-C22 alkyl amido C1-C6 alkylene, C12-C22 alkylhydroxy; Q2 is C12-C22 alkyl, C12-C22 alkyl amido C1-C6 alkylene, C12-C22 alkylhydroxy, benzyl, or C1-C6 alkyl; Q3 and Q4 are independently C1-C6 alkyl or benzyl.

[0155] Examples of suitable quaternary ammonium surfactants include cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium bromide, lauryl ammonium chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl ammonium bromide, cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl cetyl ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl ammonium bromide, dilauryl ammonium chloride, dilauryl ammonium bromide, distearyl ammonium chloride, distearyl ammonium bromide, dicetyl methyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl methyl ammonium bromide, dilauryl methyl ammonium chloride, dilauryl methyl ammonium bromide, distearyl methyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl methyl ammonium bromide, and mixtures thereof.

[0156] Additional quaternary ammonium salts include those wherein the C12-C22 alkyl is derived from a tallow fatty acid or from a coconut fatty acid. Examples of quaternary ammonium salts derived from these tallow and cococut sources include ditallow dimethyl ammonium chlroide, ditallow dimehtyl ammonium methyl sulfate, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, ditallow dipropyl ammonium phosphate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide, tallow ammonium chloride, coconut ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.

[0157] More preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants are dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimyristyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.

[0158] Fatty Amines

[0159] The compositions of the invention may also include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary C12-C22 amines. Examples of such suitable amines include stearamido propyl dimethyl amine, diethyl amino ethyl stearamide, dimethyl stearamine, dimethyl soyamine, soyamine, tri(decyl)amine, ethyl stearylamine, ethoxylated stearylamine, dihydroxyethyl stearylamine, and arachidylbehenylamine. Suitable amine salts include the halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, citrate, lactate and alkyl sulfate salts. Such salts include stearylamine hydrochloride, soyamine chloride, stearylamine formate, N-tallowpropane diamine dichloride and stearamidopropyl dimethylamine citrate. Some cationic amine surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,275,055, incorporated by reference herein.

[0160] Amidoamines

[0161] The compositions of the invention may also include aminoamides, such as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/409,203, assigned to Croda Inc., and incorporated by reference herein.

[0162] Non-ionic Surfactants

[0163] The compositions of the invention may also include various non-ionic surfactants. Among the suitable nonionic surfactants are condensation products of C8-C30 alcohols with sugar or starch polymers. These compounds can be represented by the formula (S)n —O—R, wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose; n is an integer of from about 1 to about 1000, and R is C8-C30 alkyl. Examples of suitable C8-C30 alcohols from which the R group may be derived include decyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like. Specific examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucoside and lauryl polyglucoside.

[0164] Other suitable nonionic surfactants include the condensation products of alkylene oxides with fatty acids (i.e., alkylene oxide esters of fatty acids). These materials have the general formula RCO(X)n OH, wherein R is a C10-C30 alkyl, X is —OCH2CH2— (derived from ethylene oxide) or —OCH2CHCH3— (derived from propylene oxide), and n is an integer from about 1 to about 200.

[0165] Yet other suitable nonionic surfactants are the condensation products of alkylene oxides with fatty acids (i.e., alkylene oxide diesters of fatty acids) having the formula RCO(X)nOOCR, wherein R is a C10-C30 alkyl, X is —OCH2CH2— (derived from ethylene oxide) or —OCH2CHCH3— (derived from propylene oxide), and n is an integer from about 1 to about 200.

[0166] Yet other nonionic surfactants are the condensation products of alkylene oxides with fatty alcohols (i.e., alkylene oxide ethers of fatty alcohols) having the general formula R(X)nOR′, wherein R is C10-C30 alkyl, n is an integer from about 1 to about 200, and R′ is H or a C10-C30 alkyl.

[0167] Still other nonionic surfactants are the compounds having the formula RCO(X)nOR′ wherein R and R′ are C10-C30 alkyl, X is —OCH2CH2— (derived from ethylene oxide) or —OCH2CHCH3— (derived from propylene oxide), and n is an integer from about 1 to about 200.

[0168] Examples of alkylene oxide-derived nonionic surfactants include ceteth-1, ceteth-2, ceteth-6, ceteth-10, ceteth-12, ceteraeth-2, ceteareth6, ceteareth-10, ceteareth-12, steareth-1, steareth-2, stearteth-6, steareth-10, steareth-12, PEG-2 stearate, PEG4 stearate, PEG6 stearate, PEG-10 stearate, PEG-12 stearate, PEG-20 glyceryl stearate, PEG-80 glyceryl tallowate, PPG-10 glyceryl stearate, PEG-30 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-80 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-200 glyceryl tallowate, PEG-8 dilaurate, PEG-10 distearate, and mixtures thereof.

[0169] Still other useful nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amides disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,965,576, 2,703,798, and 1,985,424, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0170] Anionic Surfactants

[0171] The compositions of the invention may also include various anionic surfactants. Several examples of suitable anionic surfactants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, which is incorporated herein by reference. Further examples of suitable anionic surfactants include alkoyl isethionates, and alkyl ether sulfates.

[0172] The alkoyl isethionates typically have the formula RCO—OCH2CH2— SO3M, wherein R is C10-C30 alkyl, and M is a water-soluble cation, such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, or triethanolamine. The examples of suitable isethionates include ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium stearoyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof. Preferred for used herein are ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.

[0173] The alkyl ether sulfates typically have the formulas ROSO3M and RO(C2 H4O)xSO3M, where R is C10-C30 alkyl, x varies from about 1 to about 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.

[0174] Yet another suitable class of anionic surfactants are alkali metal salts of C8-C30 carboxylic acids and alkylsulfonates of the formula R1-SO3M (where R1 is C8-C30 alkyl; preferably, C12-C22 alkyl, and M is a cation), including succinamates, and C12-C24 olefin sulfonates and carboxylates.

[0175] Amphoteric Surfactants

[0176] The compositions of the invention may also include zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants. Suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are, for example, derivatives of mono- or di-C8-C24 secondary and tertiary amines, such as alkyl imino acetates, carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, and phosphonates, including iminodialkanoates and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN(CH2)m CO2 M2 and RNH(CH2)m CO2M, where m varies from 1 to 4, R is C8-C30 alkyl; preferably, C12-C22 alkyl, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium, or alkanolammonium.

[0177] Other suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are imidazolinium and ammonium derivates. Suitable examples of such amphoteric surfactants include sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines; N-higher alkyl aspartic acids, and coamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate. For further examples of suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants, please see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,658,072, 2,438,091, and 2,528,378, which are incorporated herein by reference

[0178] Yet other suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are betaines. Examples of suitable betaines include coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine, and amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines, oleyl betaine, and cocamidopropyl betaine.

[0179] Sunscreen Compounds

[0180] A wide variety of sunscreen compounds are suitable for use with the compositions of the present invention. Depending on the nature of the composition, the sunscreen compounds may be added in the amount of up to about 40% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 1% to about 30%. However, the preferred amount may vary depending on the nature of the composition. Thus, for the final product compositions in the form of a shampoo or conditioner, the suitable sunscreen agent may be included in the amount of up to about 40% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 0.5% to about 5%, more preferably, from about 05 to about 1.5% by weight of the composition. Suitable sunscreen compounds include, for example, p-aminobenzoic acid, its salts and its derivatives; anthranilates; salicylates; cinnamic acid derivatives; dihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; trihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; hydrocarbons; dibenzalacetone and benzalacetophenone; naphtholsulfonates; dihydroxy-naphtholic acid and its salts; coumarin derivatives; diazoles; quinine salts; quinoline derivatives; hydroxy- or methoxy-substituted benzophenones; uric and vilouric acids; tannic acid and its derivatives; hydroquinone; amino benzoates, salicylates, ferrulic acid derivatives, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acids, benzophenone sulfonic acids, thioctic acids derivatives, oil-soluble cinnamates, and benzophenones. For other suitable sunscreen compounds, please see Segarin, et al., Cosmetics Science and Technology, Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., incorporated herein by reference.

[0181] Specific suitable sunscreen compounds include 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, 4,4′-t-butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, octyldimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid, digalloyltrioleate, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, ethyl-4->bis(hydroxypropyl)!-aminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-ethylhexylsalicylate, glyceryl p-aminobenzoate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate, methylanthranilate, p-dimethyl-aminobenzoic acid or aminobenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, 2-(p-dimethyl-aminophenyl)-5-sulfonicbenzoxazoic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid, benzophenone-1, benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, benzophenone-5, benzophenone-6, benzophenone-8, benzophenone-12, methoxycinnamate, avobenzone, ethyl dihydroxypropyl para-aminobenzoate, glyceryl para-aminobenzoate, methyl anthranilate, octocrylene, octyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoate, octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and red petrolatum.

[0182] Emollients

[0183] The compositions of the invention may also include one or emollient compounds such as fats, waxes, lipids, silicones, hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols and a wide variety of solvent materials. The amount of the emollient depends on the application. For the final product compositions, emmollinets are included in the amount of up to 50% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 0.1% to about 20%, and more preferably, from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

[0184] Examples of suitable emollients include C8-30 alkyl esters of C8-30 carboxylic acids; C1-6 diol monoesters and diesters of C8-30 carboxylic acids; monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides of C8-30 carboxylic acids, cholesterol esters of C8-30 carboxylic acids, cholesterol, and hydrocarbons. Examples of these materials include diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, ethylhexyl palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, C12-15 alcohols benzoates, diethylhexyl maleate, PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-2 myristyl ether propionate, cetyl ricinoleate, cholesterol stearate, cholesterol isosterate, cholesterol acetate, jojoba oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, lanolin, lanolin esters, mineral oil, petrolatum, and straight and branched C16-C30 hydrocarbons.

[0185] Also useful are straight and branched chain fatty C8-C30 alcohols, for example, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, ehenyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. Examples of other suitable emollients are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,919,934; which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0186] Other suitable emollients are various alkoxylated ethers, diethers, esters, diesters, and trimesters. Examples of suitable alkoxylated ethers include PPG-10 butyl ether, PPG-11 butyl ether, PPG-12 butyl ether, PPG-13 butyl ether, PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 butyl ether, PPG-16 butyl ether, PPG-17 butyl ether, PPG-18 butyl ether, PPG-19 butyl ether, PPG-20 butyl ether, PPG-22 butyl ether, PPG-24 butyl ether, PPG-30 butyl ether, PPG-11 stearyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, PPG-10 oleyl ether, PPG-7 lauryl ether, PPG-30 isocetyl ether, PPG-10 glyceryl ether, PPG-15 glyceryl ether, PPG-10 butyleneglycol ether, PPG-15 butylene glycol ether, PPG-27 glyceryl ether, PPG-30 cetyl ether, PPG-28 cetyl ether, PPG-10 cetyl ether, PPG-10 hexylene glycol ether, PPG-15 hexylene glycol ether, PPG-10 1,2,6-hexanetriol ether, PPG-15 1,2,6-hexanetriol ether, and mixtures thereof.

[0187] Examples of alkoxylated diethers include PPG-10 1,4-butanediol diether, PPG-12 1,4-butanediol diether, PPG-14 1,4-butanediol diether, PPG-2 butanediol diether, PPG-10 1,6-hexanediol diether, PPG-12 1,6-hexanediol diether, PPG-14 hexanediol diether, PPG-20 hexanediol diether, and mixtures thereof. Preferred are those selected from the group consisting of PPG-10 1,4-butanediol diether, PPG-12 1,4-butanediol diether, PPG-10 1,6-hexandiol diether, and PPG-12 hexanediol diether, and mixtures thereof.

[0188] Examples of suitable alkoxylated diesters and trimesters are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,382,377, 5,455,025 and 5,597,555, assigned to Croda Inc., and incorporated herein by reference.

[0189] Suitable lipids include C8-C20 alcohol monosorbitan esters, C8-C20 alcohol sorbitan diesters, C8-C20 alcohol sorbitan triesters, C8-C20 alcohol sucrose monoesters, C8-C20 alcohol sucrose diesters, C8-C20 alcohol sucrose triesters, and C8-C20 fatty alcohol esters of C2-C62 -hydroxy acids. Examples of specific suitable lipids are sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan distearate, sorbitan isosotearate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan esquistearte, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan triiostearte, sorbitan trioleate, orbitan tristeate, sucrose cocoate, sucrodilaurate, sucrose distearate, sucrose laurate, sucrose myristate, sucrose oleate, sucrose palmitate, sucrose ricinoleate, sucrose stearate, sucrose tribehenate, sucrose tristearate, myristyl lactate, stearyl lactate, isostearyl lactate, cetyl lactate, palmityl lactate, cocoyl lactate, and mixtures thereof.

[0190] Other suitable emollients include mineral oil, petrolatum, cholesterol, dimethicone, dimethiconol, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, cetyl ricinoleate, sorbitan distearte, sorbitan dilaurate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan laurate, sucrose laurate, sucrose dilaurate, sodium isostearyl lactylate, lauryl pidolate, sorbitan stearate, stearyl acohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, and mixtures thereof.

[0191] Emulsifiers

[0192] The compositions of the invention may also include various emulsifiers. In the final product compositions of the invention, emulsifiers may be included in the amount of up to about 10%, preferably, in the amount of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the composition. The examples of suitable emulsifiers include stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, polyethyleneglycols, polypropyleneglyocis, and mixtures thereof.

[0193] Anti-Dandruff

[0194] The compositions of the invention may also include antidandruff agents. The examples of suitable antidandruff agents include zinc pyrithione, sulphur, and selenium sulfide.

[0195] Hair Oxidizers

[0196] The compositions of the invention may also include hair oxidizing/reducing agents. The examples of suitable hair oxidizing/reducing agents include hydrogen peroxide, perborate, thioglycolates and persulfate salts.

[0197] Thickeners

[0198] The compositions of the invention may also include various thickeners, such as cross-linked acrylates, nonionic polyacrylamides, xanthan gum, guar gum, gellan gum, and the like; polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl siloxanes, and aminosilicones. In the final product compositions of the invention, thickeners may be included in the amount of up to about 10%, preferably, in the amount of from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of the composition.

[0199] The specific examples of the suitable thickening silicon compounds include polydimethylsiloxane, phenylsilicone, polydiethylsiloxane, and polymethylphenylsiloxane. Some of the suitable silicon compounds are described in European Patent Application EP 95,238 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,017, which are incorporated herein by reference. The compositions of the invention may also include silicone polymer materials, which provide both style retention and conditioning benefits to the hair. Such materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,499, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0200] Hair Conditioning Agents

[0201] The compositions of the invention may also include hydrolyzed animal protein hair conditioning agents. Croda Incorporated sells an example of a commercially available material under the tradename Crotein Q-RTM. Other examples include urea, glycerol, and propoxylated glycerols, including those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,953, which is incorporated by reference herein.

[0202] Hair Setting Agents

[0203] The compositions of the invention may also include a hair setting agent to impart styling benefits upon application to hair. The hair setting polymers may be homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, etc. For convenience in describing the polymers hereof, monomeric units present in the polymers may be referred to as the monomers from which they can be derived. The monomers can be ionic (e.g., anionic, cationic, amphoteric, zwitterionic) or nonionic.

[0204] Examples of anionic monomers include unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic acid half ester, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, and crotonic acid; half esters of an unsaturated polybasic acid anhydride such as succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride or the like with a hydroxyl group-containing acrylate and/or methacrylate such as hydroxyethyl acrylate and, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and the like; monomers having a sulfonic acid group such as styrenesulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate and methacrylate, and the like; and monomers having a phosphoric acid group such as acid phosphooxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate, 3-chloro-2-acid phosphooxypropyl acrylate and methacrylate, and the like.

[0205] Examples of cationic monomers include monomers derived from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and a quaternarized epihalohydrin product of a trialkylamine having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl such as (meth)acryloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride and (meth)acryloxypropyl-triethylammonium bromide; amine derivatives of methacrylic acid or amine derivatives of methacrylamide derived from methacrylic acid or methacrylamide and a dialkylalkanolamine having C1-C6 alkyl groups such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, or dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide.

[0206] Examples of the amphoteric monomers include zwitterionized derivatives of the aforementioned amine derivatives of (meth)acrylic acids or the amine derivatives of (meth)acrylamide such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylamide by a halogenated fatty acid salt such as potassium monochloroacetate, sodium monobromopropionate, aminomethylpropanol salt of monochloroacetic acid, triethanolamine salts of monochloroacetic acid and the like; and amine derivatives of (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylamide, as discussed above, modified with propanesultone.

[0207] Examples of nonionic monomers are acrylic or methacrylic acid esters of C1-C24 alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, t-butanol, cyclohexanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 3-heptanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-octanol, 6-methyl-1-heptanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-octadecanol, styrene; chlorostyrene; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate; vinyl chloride; vinylidene chloride; acrylonitrile; alpha-methylstyrene; t-butylstyrene; butadiene; cyclohexadiene; ethylene; propylene; vinyl toluene; alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, methoxy ethyl (meth)acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate; allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate and methacrylate, oleyl acrylate and methacrylate, benzyl acrylate and methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate and methacrylate, ethylene glycol di-acrylate and -methacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol di-acrylate and -methacrylate, diacetonacrylamide, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, t-butylacrylate, t-butylmethacrylate, and mixtures thereof.

[0208] Examples of anionic hair styling polymers are copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid, terpolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and a vinyl ester of an alpha-branched saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as vinyl neodecanoate; and copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride, acrylic copolymers and terpolymers containing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.

[0209] Examples of cationic hair styling polymers are copolymers of amino-functional acrylate monomers such as lower alkylamino alkyl acrylate or methacrylate monomers such as dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate with compatible monomers such as N-vinylpyrrolidone or alkyl methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylates such as methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate.

[0210] Miscellaneous Components

[0211] The compositions of the invention may also include a wide range of miscellaneous ingredients. Some suitable miscellaneous ingredients commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry are described in The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, (2nd Ed., 1992), which is incorporated by reference herein.

[0212] Thus, the compositions of the invention may also include one or more absorbents, anti-acne agents, anti-perspirants, anticaking agents, antifoaming agents, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, antidandruff agents, astringents, binders, buffers, biological additives, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, coupling agents, conditioners, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, detergents, dispersants, external analgesics, film formers, foaming agents, fragrance components, humectants, keratolytics, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, preservatives, propellants, proteins, retinoids, reducing agents, sequestrants, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents (humectants, miscellaneous, and occulsive), skin soothing agents, skin healing agents, softeners, solubilizing agents, lubricants, penetrants, plastisizers, solvents and co-solvents, sunscreening additives, salts, essential oils, and vitamins.

[0213] The examples of suitable pH adjusters include sodium hydroxide, triethanoleamine, and aminomethylpropanol, and mixtures thereof. If pH adjusters are present in a final product composition, the amount may vary from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably, from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the composition.

[0214] The examples of suitable film formers include glycerin/diethylene glycol myrystate copolymer, glycerin/diethylene glycol adipate copolymer, ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, PVP/dimethiconylacrylate/polycarbamyl/polyglycol ester, and mixtures thereof. If the film formers are present in the final product compositions, the amount may vary from about 0.1% to about 15.0% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight of the composition.

[0215] The examples of suitable vitamins include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, retinoic acid, retinol, and retinoids.

[0216] The examples of suitable anti-acne medicaments include resorcinol, sulfur, salicylic acid, erythromycin, zinc, and benzoyl peroxide.

[0217] The examples of suitable skin bleaching or lightening agents include hydroquinone, and kojic acid. The examples of suitable aesthetic components such as fragrances, pigments, colorings, and the like, include panthenol and derivatives (e.g., ethyl panthenol), aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its derivatives, clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate, allantoin, bisabolol, and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate.

[0218] The compositions of the invention are further illustrated in the examples that follow.

EXAMPLE 1

[0219] Preparation of 1-methyl-1-((erucylamido-) ethyl)-2-erucyl immidazolinium methyl sulfate.

[0220] 3132 g (4.62 moles) of erucic acid and 216 g (2.1 moles) of diethylenetriamine are placed in a dry stirred pressure vessel fitted with a nitrogen inlet. The vessel is purged with nitrogen and heated to 170° C. for 4-5 hours. The reaction mixture is then heated to 180° C. and vacuum is applied for another 4-5 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled to 95-100° C. and approximately 1.5 kg of cetearyl alcohol is added. The reaction mixture is further cooled to 75-80° C. and 250 g of dimethyl sulfate is slowly added with stirring. Once all dimethyl sulfate is added, the reaction mixture is held at 75-80° C. for approximately one hour, providing 1-methyl-1-((erucylamido-) ethyl)-2-erucyl immidazolinium methyl sulfate as the product.

EXAMPLE 2

[0221] Preparation of 1-methyl-1-(erucic rapeseed-)-ethyl)-2-(erucic rapeseed-) immidazolinium methyl sulfate (mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats of hydrogenated rapeseed oil).

[0222] 1843.6 g (1.88 moles) of hydrogenated rapeseed oil and 283.34 g (2.75 moles) of diethylenetriamine were placed in a dry stirred pressure vessel fitted with a nitrogen inlet. The vessel was purged with nitrogen and heated to 165° C. for 5 hours until a base value of 76 was reached. The reaction mixture was then heated to 190° C. and vacuum was applied for 5 hours to obtain a 94% tertiary amine content. The resulting immidazoline intermediate was then cooled to 95° C. and 1772 g of cetearyl alcohol were added to act as solvent. The reaction mixture was further cooled to 85° C. and 330 g (2.6 moles) of dimethyl sulfate were slowly added over a 30 minute period with stirring. Once all dimethyl sulfate was added, the reaction mixture was held at 85-90° C. for another 60 minutes. The resulting light yellow solid product included di-hydrogenated rapeseed oil imidazoline quat and cetearyl alcohol. The cationic activity of the mixture was 54%. The product was capable of being flaked or pastillated.

EXAMPLE 3

[0223] Preparation of 1-methyl-1-N-(n-propyl)-2-erucyl immidazolinium methyl sulfate.

[0224] 1790 g (2.64 moles) of erucic acid and 245 g (2.4 moles) of N-(n-propyl)-N-ethyleneamino)-diamine are placed in a dry stirred pressure vessel fitted with a nitrogen inlet. The vessel is purged with nitrogen and heated to 195° C. for 4-5 hours. The reaction mixture is then heated to 190° C. and vacuum is applied for another 4-5 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled to 100-105° C. and approximately 1.6 kg of cetearyl alcohol is added. The reaction mixture is further cooled to 75-80° C. and approximately 280 g of dimethyl sulfate is slowly added with stirring. Once all dimethyl sulfate is added, the reaction mixture is held at 85-90° C. for approximately one hour, providing 1-methyl-1-N-(n-propyl)-2-erucyl immidazolinium methyl sulfate as the product.

EXAMPLE 4

[0225] Quat Raw Material 1

[0226] Quat Raw Material 1 has the following composition:

Function Components
Quat(s)  Mixture M4 (Table 3)
Solvent  Mixture of cetearyl
         alcohol (80%) and
         1,3-butanediol (20%)

[0227] Cationic activity of the Quat Raw Material 1 is 45%.

EXAMPLE 5

[0228] Quat Raw Material 2

[0229] Quat Raw Material 2 has the following composition:

Function Component
Quat     Mixture of Table 7
Solvent  Cetyl alcohol

[0230] Cationic activity of the Quat Raw Material 2 is 25%.

EXAMPLE 6

[0231] Sunscreen Lotion

[0232] A sunscreen lotion includes the following ingredients:

Ingredient (s)               % W/W
Phase A
Di-erucic imidazoline quat   1.0
Benzophenone 3               6.0
Cetearyl Alcohol             4.0
Crodamol OS (Octyl Stearate) 15.0
Octyl Methoxycinnamate       7.5
Phase B
Water                        65.50
Phase C
Germaben II (preservative)   1.0

[0233] The sunscreen lotion is prepared as follows. The ingredients of Phase A are combined and heated to 75° C. In a separate vessel, the ingredients of Phase B are also combined and heated to 75° C. Phase A is added to Phase B with stirring, and the stirring is continued while the combined phases are cooled to 40° C. Phase C is added, the cooling is continued to 25° C., providing the desired lotion.

EXAMPLE 7

[0234] Sunscreen Spray Lotion

[0235] A sunscreen spray lotion includes the following ingredients:

Ingredient                       % W/W
Phase A
Di-erucic imidazoline quat       1.0
PPG-3 Benzyl Myristate           11.0
Benzophenone 3                   6.0
Octyl Methoxycinnamate           7.0
Menthyl Anthranilate             5.0
Cromollient SCE (Di-PPG-2 Myreth-10 Adipate) 3.0
Phase B
Water                            66
Sodium Hydroxide                 0.1
Phase C
Germaben II (preservative)       1.0

[0236] The sunscreen spray lotion is prepared as follows. The ingredients of Phase A are combined and heated to 75° C. In a separate vessel, the ingredients of Phase B are also combined and heated to 75° C. Phase A is added to Phase B with stirring, and the stirring is continued while the combined phases are cooled to 40° C. Phase C is added, the cooling is continued to 25° C., providing the desired lotion.

EXAMPLE 8

[0237] Hair Conditioner

[0238] A hair conditioner includes the following ingredients:

Ingredient                       % W/W
Phase A
Di-C20-24 Immidazoline Quat      1. 0
Cromollient SCE (Di-PPG-2 Myreth-10 Adipate) 5.0
Cetyl Alcohol                    4.0
Phase B
Water                            89
Phase C
Germaben II (preservative)       1.0

[0239] The hair conditioner is prepared as follows. The ingredients of Phase A are combined and heated to 75° C. In a separate vessel, the ingredients of Phase B are also combined and heated to 75° C. Phase A is added to Phase B with stirring, and the stirring is continued while the combined phases are cooled to 40° C. Phase C is added, the cooling is continued to 25° C., providing the desired lotion.

EXAMPLE 9

[0240] Soft & Shine Conditioner

[0241] A soft and shine conditioner includes the following ingredients.

Ingredient                       % W/W
Phase A
Water                            86.26
Mixture of Di-behenyl            2.14
imidazolinium Methosulfate and
Cetrimonium Methasulfate (7/3 w/w)
in Cetearyl alcohol (70% actives)
CRODACOL C-70 (Cetyl Alcohol)    1.00
CRODACOL S-70 (Stearyl Alcohol)  3.00
CRILLET 3 (Polysorbate 60)       1.00
Part B
INCROMINE SB (Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine) 0.5
Cyclopentasiloxane (and) Dimethicone (1) 4.0
Dimethicone (2)                  0.5
Disodium EDTA                    0.2
Propylene Glycol (and) Diazolidinyl Urea 1.00
(and) Methylparaben (and) Propylparaben (3)
Citric acid                      0.4
Part C
Germaben II (Preservative)       1.0

EXAMPLE 10

[0242] Vitamin E-containing Conditioner

[0243] The vitamin E-containing conditioner has the following ingredients.

Phase A
Ingredient             % W/W
Deionized Water        92.50
CRODACOL S-70          3.80
(Stearyl Alcohol)
Mixture of Di-         2.20
behenyl
imidazolinium
Methosulfate and
Cetrimonium
Methasulfate (7/3
w/w) in Cetearyl
alcohol (70%
actives)
Part B
Ingredient             W/W %
DL-α Tocopherol        0.50
Acetate (1)
Part C
Ingredient             W/W %
Propylene Glycol (and) 1.00
Diazolidinyl Urea
(and) Methylparaben
(and) Propylparaben (2)

[0244] Preparation is as follows: combine Part A ingredients with mixing and heat to 75-80° C. Cool to 35° C. and add Parts B and C one at a time, mixing well.

EXAMPLE 11

[0245] Deposition of Vitamin E on Hair (Comparative Experiment 1).

[0246] Virgin and bleached hair tresses were treated with a simple conditioning formula containing 0.5% of the vitamin and 1.5% of either mixture of Di-behenyl imidazolinium Methosulfate and Cetrimonium Methosulfate (7/3 w/w) or Behentrimonium Chloride. The actives were present at the same level. Tresses were washed for 30 seconds and rinsed, after which the deposited Vitamin E was extracted with a solvent and measured by UV absorbance.

[0247] The results are shown below

	Deposition of Vitamin E
	(mg of Vit E/100 g of hair)
Ingredient	Virgin Hair	Bleached Hair
Behentrimonium Chloride	86.3	57.6
Mixture of Di-behenyl	180	80.9
imidazolinium Methosulfate and
Cetrimonium Methasulfate (7/3
w/w)

EXAMPLE 12

[0248] Deposition of Vitamin E (Comparative Experiment 2).

[0249] Test conditioning shampoo formulations A and B were prepared using a mixture of Di-behenyl imidazolinium Methosulfate and Cetrimonium Methasulfate in 7/3 w/w ratio of quats to one another as the active conditioning ingredient. The added conditioning ingredient, which is generally derived from HEAR oil, contained 70% active quats by cationic activity in cetearyl alcohol. Test formulation A contained 1% of quat by cationic activity and test formulation A contained 0.5% of quat by cationic activity. Polyquaternium-10, a well-known polymeric conditioner, was used in the reference formulation C. The smaller amount of Polyquaternium-10 was used to reflect the cost benefit consideration.

[0250] Hair samples were treated with the respective conditioning shampoo for 3 minutes and rinsed off under 40° C. running tap water with a flow rate of 2.51/min for 20 seconds. The total substantivity was determined by two consecutive extractions by PVCS Method # 7-1. Only trace of Vitamin E was detected in the third extraction solution.

[0251] The determined total substantivity of Vitamin E delivered from these conditioning shampoo samples is presented below:

	Average Substantivity (mg Vit E/100 g hair)
	by PVCS Method # 7-1
Ingredient//Amount added	First
to the Test Shampoo	extraction	Second extraction	Total
Mixture of Di-behenyl	52.7	23.1	75.8
imidazolinium Methosulfate
and Cetrimonium
Methasulfate (7/3 w/w)//
1% cationic activity
Mixture of di-behenyl	46.4	44.6	91.0
imidazolinium methosulfate
and cetrimonium
methasulfate (7/3 w/w
ratio) in cetearyl alcohol
(70% actives)//
0.5% cationic activity
Polyquaternium-10//	24.3	15.6	39.9
0.3% by cationic activity

[0252] The conditioning shampoo samples containing dibehenyl imidazolinium methosulfate showed better deposition of Vitamin E onto hair surface than the sample containing Polyquaternium-10. Also, the deposition of Vitamin E on hair surface was enhanced by an increase in the concentration of di-behenyl imidazolinium methosulfate in the formulation.

[0253] Unless stated to the contrary, any use of the words such as “including,” “containing,” “comprising,” “having” and the like, means “including without limitation” and shall not be construed to limit any general statement that it follows to the specific or similar items or matters immediately following it. Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composition comprising a mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats wherein at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat having at least one C16-C30 alkyl group; the C16-30 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95% with respect to C10+ reference substitution range.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said C16-30 substitution content is from about 15% to about 80%.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said C16-30 substitution content is from about 20% to about 70%.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein said C16-30 substitution content is from about 35% to about 60%.

5. A composition comprising a mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats wherein at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat having at least one C20-C30 alkyl group; the C20-30 substitution content of the mixture being from about 10% to about 95% with respect to C10+ reference substitution range.

6. The composition of claim 5, wherein said C20-30 substitution content is from about 15% to about 80%.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein said C20-30 substitution content is from about 20% to about 70%.

8. The composition of claim 7, wherein said C20-30 substitution content is from about 35% to about 60%.

9. A composition comprising a mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats wherein at least a portion of the mixture includes at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat having at least one C20-C24 alkyl group; the C20-24 substitution content of said mixture being from about 10% to about 95% with respect to C10+ reference substitution range.

10. The composition of claim 9, wherein said C20-24 substitution content is from about 15% to about 80%.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein said C20-24 substitution content is from about 20% to about 70%.

12. The composition of claim 11, wherein said C20-24 substitution content is from about 35% to about 60%.

13. The composition of claims 1, 5 or 9 which is substantially free from monoalkyl immidazoline quats.

14. The composition of claims 1, 5 or 9, wherein the dialkyl immidazoline quats of the mixture have the formula (I):

15. The composition of claim 14, wherein R1 is C10-C30 alkyl or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6) or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are independently hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl.

16. The composition of claim 15, wherein R1 is C10-C30 alkyl, R2 is methyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkylhydroxy amido C1-C3 alkylene, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen, and X is chloride or methyl sulfate.

17. The composition of claim 15, wherein R1 is C10-C30 alkyl, R2 is methyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido C1-C3 alkylene, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen, and X is chloride or methyl sulfate.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido ethylene.

19. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C16-C30 alkyl or C16-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

20. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C16-C30 alkyl or C16-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C16-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

21. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C10-C30 alkyl or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C16-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

22. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C20-C30 alkyl or C20-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

23. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C20-C30 alkyl or C20-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C20-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

24. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C10-C30 alkyl or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C20-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

25. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C20-C24 alkyl or C20-C24 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C10-C30 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

26. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C20-C24 alkyl or C20-C24 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C20-C24 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

27. The composition of claim 14, wherein, for said portion of said mixture, R1 is C10-C30 alkyl or C10-C30 alkylhydroxy, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, R3 is C20-C24 alkyl amido R(C1-C6), and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are hydrogen.

28. A composition comprising a mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats of the formula (II):

29. The composition of claim 28, wherein said C16-24 substitution content is from about 15% to about 80%.

30. The composition of claim 29, wherein said C16-24 substitution content is from about 20% to about 70%.

31. The composition of claim 30, wherein said C16-24 substitution content is from about 35% to about 60%.

32. The composition of claim 28, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of the mixture, R9 is C1-C3 alkyl, R10 is hydrogen, n is 2, and m is 2.

33. The composition of claim 32, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of said portion of said mixture, R8 is C16-C24 alkyl or C16-C24 alkylhydroxy, and R11 is C16-C30 alkyl or C16-C30 alkylhydroxy.

34. The composition of claim 32, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of said portion of said mixture, R8 is C16-C24 alkyl or C16-C24 alkylhydroxy, and R11 is C16-C24 alkyl or C16-C24 alkylhydroxy.

35. The composition of claim 32, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of said portion of said mixture, R8 is C16-C30 alkyl or C16-C30 alkylhydroxy, and R11 is C16-C24 alkyl or C16-C24 alkylhydroxy.

36. The composition of claim 28, wherein, for said at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat of said portion of said mixture, R8 and R11 are both straight chain alkyl radicals of the formula —C21H43, R9 is methyl, R10 is hydrogen n is 2, and m is 2.

37. A composition comprising a mixture of dialkyl immidazoline quats of the formula (II):

38. The composition of claim 37, wherein said C20-24 substitution content is from about 15% to about 80%.

39. The composition of claim 38, wherein said C20-24 substitution content is from about 20% to about 70%.

40. The composition of claim 39, wherein said C20-24 substitution content is from about 35% to about 60%.

41. The composition of claim 37, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of the mixture, R9 is C1-C3 alkyl, R10 is hydrogen, n is 2, and m is 2.

42. The composition of claim 41, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of said portion of said mixture, R8 is C20-C24 alkyl or C20-C24 alkylhydroxy, and R11 is C16-C30 alkyl or C16-C30 alkylhydroxy.

43. The composition of claim 41, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of said portion of said mixture, R8 is C20-C24 alkyl or C20-C24 alkylhydroxy, and R11 is C20-C24 alkyl or C20-C24 alkylhydroxy.

44. The composition of claim 41, wherein, for the dialkyl immidazoline quats of said portion of said mixture, R8 is C16-C30 alkyl or C16-C30 alkylhydroxy, and R11 is 20C24 alkyl or C20-C24 alkylhydroxy.

45. The composition of claim 37, wherein, for said at least one dialkyl immidazoline quat of said portion of said mixture, R8 and R11 are both straight chain alkyl radicals of the formula —C21H43, R9 is methyl, R10 is hydrogen n is 2, and m is 2.

46. The composition of claim 27 or 36, wherein R9 is methyl.

47. The composition of claim 27 or 36, wherein R10 is hydrogen.

48. The composition of claim 27 or 36, wherein n is 2, and m is 2.

49. A dialkyl immidazoline quat of the formula (IA)

50. The dialkyl immidazoline compound of claim 50, wherein R1a is C24-C36 alkyl, R2a is independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, R3a has the structure

51. The composition of claims 1, 5, 9, 28, and 37, further comprising at least one hydrophobic ingredient.

52. The composition of claim 51, wherein said at least one hydrophobic ingredient is selected from the group consisting of botanical extracts, vitamin E, vitamin A, silicons, waxes and antioxidants.

53. The composition of claim 52, wherein said at least one hydrophobic ingredient is vitamin E.

54. The composition of claims 1, 5, 9, 28, and 37, further comprising one or more preservatives, fragrances, foam boosters, conditioners and emollients.

55. The composition of claims 1, 5, 9, 28, and 37, further comprising at least one active ingredient present in the amount of between about 0.20 and about 40.0 percent by weight of the composition.

56. The composition of claim 55, wherein said active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a sunscreen, pigment, moisturizer, film former, detergent, thickening agent, emulsifier, antiseptic agent, conditioner or deodorant.

57. The composition of claims 1, 5, 9, 28, and 37, further comprising at least one additional surfactant present in the amount from about 1% to about 75% by weight of the composition.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein said additional surfactant is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.

59. The composition of claims 1, 5, 9, 28, and 37, which is a raw material quat.

60. The composition of claim 59, further comprising a carrier.

61. The composition of claim 60 having a cationic activity of greater than 20%.

62. The composition of claim 61, wherein said cationic activity is greater than 35%.

63. The composition of claim 62, wherein said cationic activity is greater than 50%.

64. The composition of claims 1, 5, 9, 28, and 37, which is a cosmetic or personal care product selected from the group consisting of shampoo, hair conditioner, sunscreen formulation, baby shampoo, baby bath product, hand dishwashing liquid, body wash, facial wash, non-woven toilette, baby wipe and bubble bath product.

65. The composition of claim 64, wherein said cosmetic or personal care product is a non-aqueous topical formulation.

66. The composition of claim 64, wherein said cosmetic or personal care product is an aqueous topical formulation.