Patent Grant
11319809
Embodiments described herein relate to a longwall mining system, and, more particularly, to controlling and monitoring a longwall mining system based on vibration data.
Longwall mining begins with identifying a material seam to be mined and “blocking out” the seam into panels by excavating roadways around the perimeter of each panel. During excavation of the seam (for example, extraction of coal), select pillars of material may be left unexcavated between adjacent panels to assist in supporting an overlying geological strata. The material panels are excavated by a longwall mining system, which includes components such as automated electro-hydraulic roof supports, a material shearing machine (i.e., a longwall shearer), and an armored face conveyor (“AFC”) parallel to the material face. As the shearer travels the width of the material face to remove a layer or web of material, the roof supports are controlled to advance to support the roof of the newly exposed section of geological strata. The AFC is then advanced by the roof supports toward the material face by a distance equal to the depth of the material layer previously removed by the shearer. Advancing the AFC toward the material face in such a manner allows the shearer to engage with the material face and continue shearing material away from the material face.
Longwall mining systems may be used to mine or extract a material or mineral, such as coal or ore. However, in some applications, a longwall mining system may encounter or be used to extract a hard material or stone. For example, the shearer may cut hard material intrusions in the seam, adjacent to the seam, or a combination thereof. Cutting a hard material may result in damage to a cutter drum of the shearer, such as one or more cutting picks, cutting pick holders, and the like. When a cutter drum experiences damage, the cutter drum imparts large vibrations onto the shearer, which may result in additional damage. These vibrations often become worse at faster speeds. For example, instances of large vibrations (also referred to as impact loads or events) in the large bearings that support the cutter drums of the shearer may lead to failure of those bearings (for example, brinelling of the bearings), the ranging arm cutter gear case, another component of the shearer, or a combination thereof.
To solve these and other problems, embodiments described herein provide methods and systems for monitoring and controlling a longwall mining system based on vibration data. The embodiments described herein detect and monitor vibration data and impact events to improve reliability, operation, reporting, maintenance, and the like for the longwall mining system. Understanding the impacts and vibrations experienced by a shearer (for example, when an impact event occurred, where the impact event occurred, how large the impact event was, and the like) may lead to improved reliability, operation, and maintenance of the longwall mining system. Alternatively or in addition, when remotely operating the shearer, an operator may find it difficult to accurately and efficiently identify when the shearer begins to cut out-of-seam. When the shearer cuts out-of-seam, the shearer may begin cutting a different material and, thus, experience a change in vibration. Accordingly, by analyzing and monitoring a vibration level experienced by the shearer, an operator (or a longwall control system) may be able to more accurately and efficiently identify when the shearer cuts out-of-seam and how to adjust a cutting parameter such that the shearer returns to cutting in seam.
Accordingly, embodiments described herein provide for, among other things, monitoring and controlling a longwall mining system based on vibration data by controlling a cutting parameter of a shearer, detecting an impact event, providing an impact event record of the shearer, maintaining a cutting drum within a target material seam, or a combination thereof.
For example, one embodiment provides a longwall mining system. The system includes a shearer including a cutter drum and a sensor mounted to the shearer. The system also includes an electronic controller including a processor and a memory, the electronic controller communicatively coupled to the sensor. The electronic controller is configured to receive vibration data from the sensor and determine a current vibration level associated with the shearer based on the vibration data. The electronic controller is also configured to compare the current vibration level to a vibration threshold. The electronic controller is also configured to, in response to the current vibration level exceeding the vibration threshold, adjust a cutting parameter for the cutter drum of the shearer. The electronic controller is also configured to control the cutter drum with the adjusted cutting parameter.
Another embodiment provides a method of controlling a longwall mining system. The method including receiving, with an electronic controller, vibration data from a sensor mounted to a shearer. The method also includes determining, with the electronic controller, a current vibration level associated with the shearer based on the vibration data. The method also includes comparing, with the electronic controller, the current vibration level to a vibration threshold. The method also includes in response to the current vibration level exceeding the vibration threshold, adjusting, with the electronic controller, a cutting parameter for a cutter drum of the shearer. The method also includes controlling, with the electronic controller, the cutter drum with the adjusted cutting parameter.
Yet another embodiment provides a longwall mining system. The system includes a shearer including a cutter drum and a sensor mounted to the shearer. The system also includes an electronic controller including a processor and a memory, the electronic controller communicatively coupled to the sensor. The electronic controller is configured to receive vibration data from the sensor and determine a current vibration level experienced by a cutter drum of the shearer based on the vibration data. The electronic controller is also configured to compare the current vibration level to a vibration threshold. The electronic controller is also configured to detect an impact event associated with the cutter drum of the shearer based on the comparison and generate an impact event indication associated with the impact event.
Yet another embodiment provides a method of monitoring a longwall mining system. The method incudes receiving, from an electronic controller, vibration data from a sensor mounted to a shearer. The method also includes determining, with the electronic controller, a current vibration level experienced by a cutter drum of the shearer based on the vibration data. The method also includes comparing, with the electronic controller, the current vibration level to a vibration threshold. The method also includes detecting, with the electronic controller, an impact event associated with the cutter drum of the shearer based on the comparison. The method also includes generating, with the electronic controller, an impact event indication associated with the impact event.
Yet another embodiment provides a longwall mining system. The system includes a shearer including a cutter drum and a sensor mounted to the shearer. The system also includes an electronic controller including a processor and a memory, the electronic controller communicatively coupled to the sensor. The electronic controller is configured to receive an impact event indication associated with an impact event of the cutter drum, the impact event indication based on vibration data collected by the sensor. The electronic controller is also configured to retrieve additional data associated with the impact event indication and link the additional data with the vibration data of the impact event indication. The electronic controller is also configured to create an impact event record, the impact event record including the vibration data and the additional data. The electronic controller is also configured to store the impact event record, and, in response to receiving a maintenance request, export the impact event record for display.
Yet another embodiment provides a method of monitoring a longwall mining system. The method includes receiving, with an electronic controller, an impact event indication associated with an impact event of a cutter drum of a shearer, the impact event indication based on vibration data collected by a sensor mounted to the shearer. The method also includes retrieving, with the electronic controller, additional data associated with the impact event indication. The method also includes linking, with the electronic controller, the additional data with the vibration data of the impact event indication. The method also includes creating, with the electronic controller, an impact event record, the impact event record including the vibration data and the additional data. The method also includes storing, with the electronic controller, the impact event record. The method also includes, in response to receiving a maintenance request, exporting, with the electronic controller, the impact event record for display.
Yet another embodiment provides a longwall mining system. The system includes a shearer including a cutter drum and a sensor mounted to the shearer. The system also includes an electronic controller including a processor and a memory, the electronic controller communicatively coupled to the sensor. The electronic controller is configured to receive vibration data from the sensor and determine a current vibration level experienced by the cutter drum based on the vibration data. The electronic controller is also configured to compare the current vibration level to a target vibration threshold associated with a target material seam. The electronic controller is also configured to provide a visual output to an operator of the longwall mining system when the current vibration level exceeds the target vibration threshold, wherein the current vibration level exceeds the target vibration threshold when the cutter drum of the shearer cuts outside of the target material seam.
Yet another embodiment provides a method of monitoring a longwall mining system. The method includes receiving, with an electronic controller, vibration data from a sensor mounted to a shearer. The method also includes determining, with the electronic controller, a current vibration level experienced by a cutter drum of the shearer based on the vibration data. The method also includes comparing, with the electronic controller, the current vibration level to a target vibration threshold associated with a target material seam. The method also includes providing, with the electronic controller, a visual output to an operator of the longwall mining system when the current vibration level exceeds the target vibration threshold, wherein the current vibration level exceeds the target vibration threshold when the cutter drum of the shearer cuts outside of the target material seam.
Other aspects of the embodiments will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.
The present application includes description of various embodiments including details of construction and arrangement of components set forth in the following description and in the accompanying drawings. However, the particular constructions and arrangements of the embodiments described and shown herein are example constructions and arrangements, and the application encompasses additional constructions and arrangements of the embodiments and additional ways of practicing and carrying out the embodiments.
Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms “mounted,” “connected” and “coupled” are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mounting, connecting and coupling. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, and may include electrical connections or couplings, whether direct or indirect. Also, electronic communications and notifications may be performed using any known means including direct connections, wireless connections, etc.
A plurality of hardware and software based devices, as well as a plurality of different structural components may be utilized to implement the embodiments described herein. In addition, embodiments described herein may include hardware, software, and electronic components or modules that, for purposes of discussion, may be illustrated and described as if the majority of the components were implemented solely in hardware. However, one of ordinary skill in the art, and based on a reading of this detailed description, would recognize that, in at least one embodiment, the electronic-based aspects of the embodiments described herein may be implemented in software (for example, stored on non-transitory computer-readable medium) executable by one or more processors. As such, it should be noted that a plurality of hardware and software based devices, as well as a plurality of different structural components, may be utilized to implement the embodiments described herein. For example, “mobile device,” “computing device,” and “server” as described in the specification may include one or more electronic processors, one or more memory modules including non-transitory computer-readable medium, one or more input/output interfaces, and various connections (for example, a system bus) connecting the components.
As illustrated in
The shearer 120 is propagated along the line of the material face 126 by the AFC 125, which includes a dedicated track for the shearer 120 running parallel to the material face 126. The shearer track is positioned between the material face 126 itself and the roof supports 115. As the shearer 120 travels the width of the material face 126, removing a layer of material, the roof supports 115 automatically advance to support the roof of the newly exposed section of the geological strata 127.
While the shearer 120 travels along the side of the material face 126, extracted material falls onto a conveyor included in the AFC 125, parallel to the shearer track. The material is transported away from the material face 126 by the conveyor. The AFC 125 is then advanced by the roof supports 115 toward the material face 126 by a distance equal to the depth of the material layer previously removed by the shearer 120. The advancement of the AFC 125 allows the excavated material from the next shearer pass to fall onto the conveyor, and also allows the shearer 120 to engage with the material face 126 and continue shearing material away. The conveyor and track of the AFC 125 are driven by AFC drives 130 located at a maingate 135 and a tailgate 140, which are at distal ends of the AFC 125, as seen in
The longwall mining system 105 also includes a beam stage loader (“BSL”) 145 arranged perpendicularly at the maingate end of the AFC 125.
On the distal end of the right ranging arm 515 (with respect to the control housing 500) is a right cutter drum 525, and on the distal end of the left ranging arm 520 is a left cutter drum 530. Each of the cutter drums 525, 530 has a plurality of mining bits 545 (for example, cutting picks) that abrade the material face 126 as the cutter drums 525, 530 are rotated, thereby cutting away the material. The mining bits 545 are also accompanied by spray nozzles that spray fluid during the mining process in order to disperse noxious and/or combustible gases that develop at the excavation site, suppress dust, and enhance cooling. Each cutter drum 525, 530 is driven by an electric motor 535, 540 (for example, a right cutter motor 535 and a left cutter motor 540) via the gear train within the ranging arms 515, 520. The right and left arm hydraulic systems are configured to vertically move the right ranging arm 515 and the left ranging arm 520, respectively, which changes the vertical position of the right cutter drum 525 and the left cutter drum 530, respectively.
The vertical positions of the cutter drums 525, 530 are a function of the angle of the ranging arms 515, 520 with respect to the control housing 500. Varying the angle of the ranging arms 515, 520 with respect to the control housing 500 increases or decreases the vertical position of the cutter drums 525, 530 accordingly. For example, when the left ranging arm 520 is raised to 20° from the horizontal (i.e., 20° from a longitudinal axis 532 of the shearer 120), the left cutter drum 530 may experience a positive change of vertical position of, for example, 0.5 m, while when the left ranging arm 520 is lowered to −20° from the horizontal, the left cutter drum 530 may experience a negative change of vertical position of, for example, −0.5 m. Therefore, the vertical position of the cutter drums 525, 530 may be measured and controlled based on the angle of the ranging arms 515, 520 with respect to the horizontal.
The shearer 120 is displaced laterally along the material face 126 in a bi-directional manner, though it is not necessary that the shearer 120 cut material bi-directionally. For example, in some mining operations, the shearer 120 is capable of being pulled bi-directionally along the material face 126, but only shears material when traveling in one direction. For example, the shearer 120 may be operated to cut material over the course of a first, forward pass over the width of the material face 126, but not cut material on its returning pass. Alternatively, the shearer 120 can be configured to cut material during both the forward and return passes, thereby performing a bi-directional cutting operation.
In the example illustrated in
The electronic processor 820 is configured to retrieve instructions from the memory 825 and execute instructions to perform a set of functions, including the methods described herein. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 executes instructions for controlling a cutting parameter of the shearer 120, detecting an impact event, providing an impact event record of the shearer 120, maintaining a cutter drum 525, 530 within a target material seam, or a combination thereof. The memory 825 may include combinations of different types of memory, such as read-only memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), or another non-transitory computer readable medium. As noted above, the memory 825 stores instructions executed by the electronic processor 820. The memory 825 may also store data, such as vibration data collected by the vibration sensors 817, additional data collected by the other sensors 819, and the like. The memory 825 may also store firmware, one or more applications, program data, filters, rules, one or more program modules, and other executable instructions or data.
The communication interface 830 allows the controller 805 to communicate with devices external to the controller 805 (for example, receive input from and provide output to devices external to the controller 805 directly or indirectly). In one example, the controller 805 communicates with the right ranging arm hydraulic system 810, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815, one or more of the vibration sensors 817, the right cutter motor 535, the left cutter motor 540, the other sensors 819, or a combination thereof through the communication interface 830. In some embodiments, the communication interface 830 includes a port for receiving a wired connection to the right ranging arm hydraulic system 810, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815, one or more of the vibration sensors 817, the right cutter motor 535, the left cutter motor 540, the other sensors 819, or a combination thereof. Alternatively or in addition, the communication interface 830 includes a transceiver for establishing a wireless connection to the right ranging arm hydraulic system 810, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815, one or more of the vibration sensors 600, the right cutter motor 535, the left cutter motor 540, the other sensors 819, or a combination thereof. Alternatively or in addition, the communication interface 830 communicates with a communication bus (for example, a controller area network (“CAN”)) to indirectly communicate with, for example, the right ranging arm hydraulic system 810, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815, one or more of the vibration sensors 817, the right cutter motor 535, the left cutter motor 540, the other sensors 819, or a combination thereof.
The communication interface 830 also allows the controller 805 to communicate with the mine monitoring system 110. For example, the communication interface 830 further includes a port for receiving a wired connection (a wired interface) or a transceiver for establishing a wireless connection (a wireless interface) for communicating with the mine monitoring system 110 either directly or indirectly (e.g., via one of the aforementioned communication networks).
The vibration sensors 817 provide information regarding vibration or impacts experienced by the shearer 120 or a component thereof, such as the cutter drums 525, 530 or the ranging arms 515, 520. Accordingly, the vibration sensors 817 collect vibration data associated with the shearer 120 or a component thereof. For example, each vibration sensor 817 may be an accelerometer. In some embodiments, the vibration data is associated with the shearer 120 as a whole. Alternatively or in addition, in other embodiments, the vibration data is associated with one or more components of the shearer 120, such as the cutter drums 525, 530, the ranging arms 515, 520, and the like. In such embodiments, the system 800 may include two or more vibration sensors 817, where each vibration sensor 817 is associated with a particular component, system, or portion of the shearer 120. For example, a first vibration sensor 817 may be associated with the right cutter drum 525 and configured to collect vibration data associated with the right cutter drum 525, while a second vibration sensor 817 may be associated with the left cutter drum 530 and configured to collect vibration data associated with the left cutter drum 530. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the vibration data may include multiple sets or collections of vibration data (i.e., a first set of vibration data, a second set of vibration data, and the like), where each set of vibration data may be associated with a particular component, system, or portion of the shearer 120.
As illustrated in
Returning to
The system 800 also includes the right ranging arm hydraulic system 810, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815, the right cutter motor 535, and the left cutter motor 540. The right ranging arm hydraulic system 810 and the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815 are configured to vertically move the right ranging arm 515 and the left ranging arm 520, respectively, which changes the vertical position (i.e., a cutting height) of the right cutter drum 525 and the left cutter drum 530, respectively. The right cutter motor 535 and the left cutter motor 540 are configured to drive the cutter drums 525, 530 via a gear train within the ranging arms 515, 520. The controller 805 is configured to control the right ranging arm hydraulic system 810, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815, the right cutter motor 535, and the left cutter motor 540.
As noted above, in some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 of the controller 805 executes instructions for controlling the longwall mining system 105. For example,
The electronic processor 820 may continuously receive the vibration data in real time (or near real time) during operation of the shearer 120. Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 receives the vibration data periodically. For example, the electronic processor 820 may receive the vibration data based on a schedule or predetermined time period, such as every five minutes or thirty seconds. Alternatively or in addition, the electronic processor may receive the vibration data based on an operational state or status of the shearer 120. For example, the electronic processor 820 may receive the vibration data after each pass along the material face 126, after advancing a predetermined distance along the material face (for example, every two feet), after a change in operational parameters (for example, when the operator changes a cutting speed), and the like.
After receiving the vibration data, the electronic processor 820 determines a current vibration level associated with the shearer 120 based on the vibration data (at block 910). The current vibration level represents an amount of vibration currently being experienced by the shearer 120, one or more components of the shearer 120 (for example, the right ranging arm 515, the left ranging arm 520, the right cutter drum 525, the left cutter drum 530, or the like), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 determines the current vibration level based on a single vibration reading of the vibration data. For example, the vibration data may include an analog signal from the vibration sensor 817 that is proportional to the vibration sensed from an instantaneous vibration reading of the vibration sensor 817. However, in other embodiments, the electronic processor 820 determines the current vibration level based on a collection of vibration readings of the vibration data. In such embodiments, the electronic processor 820 may determine the current vibration level by determining an average, a median, or a mean of the collection of vibration readings of the vibration data. In other words, the electronic processor 820 may determine the current vibration level to be the average, the median, or the mean of the collection of vibration readings.
As seen in
The electronic processor 820 compares the current vibration level to the vibration threshold in order to determine whether the current vibration level exceeds the vibration threshold. As used herein, “exceeds” or “exceeding” means greater than or means greater than or equal to and “does not exceed” means less than or means less than or equal to. When the current vibration level exceeds the vibration threshold, the electronic processor 820 adjusts a cutting parameter of the shearer 120 (at block 920) and controls the shearer 120 with the adjusted cutting parameter (at block 925). The cutting parameter for the shearer 120 may include, for example, a cutting speed, a cutting height, another cutting parameter, or a combination thereof for one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530. In some embodiments, in blocks 920 and 925, respectively, the electronic processor 820 adjusts one or more cutting parameters of the shearer 120 (for example, a first cutting parameter, a second cutting parameter, a third cutting parameter, and the like) and controls the shearer 120 with the adjusted cutting parameters. For example, the electronic processor 820 may adjust a first cutting parameter for the left cutter drum 530 and a second cutting parameter for the right cutter drum 525. As another example, the electronic processor 820 may adjust a first cutting parameter, such as a cutting speed, for the left cutter drum 530 and a second cutting parameter, such as a cutting height, for the left cutter drum 530. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 continues to adjust the one or more cutting parameters until the current vibration level does not exceed the vibration threshold. In other words, the electronic processor 820 may continuously monitor the current vibration level against the vibration threshold and continuously adjust one or more of the cutting parameters until the current vibration level no longer exceeds the vibration threshold.
In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 adjusts the cutting parameter of the shearer 120 by adjusting a cutting speed of one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530. The electronic processor 820 may adjust a cutting speed of one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530 by reducing a cutting speed or increasing a cutting speed. In such embodiments, the electronic processor 820 may transmit a control signal to the right cutter motor 535, the left cutter motor 540, or a combination thereof. For example, when the electronic processor 820 determines that the current vibration level experienced by the right cutter drum 525 exceeds the vibration threshold, the electronic processor 820 may transmit a control signal for adjusting a cutting speed to the right cutter motor 535. In response to receiving the control signal, the right cutter motor 535 may drive the right cutter drum 525 at an adjusted cutting speed, such as a reduced cutting speed.
Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 adjusts the cutting parameter of the shearer 120 by adjusting a cutting height of one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530. The electronic processor 820 may adjust the cutting height of one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530 by reducing a cutting height or increasing a cutting height. In such embodiments, the electronic processor 820 may transmit a control signal to the right ranging arm hydraulic system 810, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815, or a combination thereof. For example, when the electronic processor 820 determines that the current vibration level experienced by the left cutter drum 530 exceeds the vibration threshold, the electronic processor 820 may transmit a control signal for adjusting a height (or position) to the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815. In response to receiving the control signal, the left ranging arm hydraulic system 815 may control the left ranging arm 520 to adjust the cutting height of the left cutter drum 530 such that the left cutter drum 530 cuts at, for example, a reduced cutting height.
In some embodiments, as previously described, a vibration sensor, such as vibration sensor 817A, is provided to sense vibration for the shearer 120 as a whole, rather than to sense vibration particular to a left or right side of the shearer 120. In such embodiments, in block 920, an adjustment is made to a cutting parameter for both the right and left cutter drums 525, 530. For example, the speed of both the right and left cutter drums 525, 530 may be reduced; the floor cutter drum (e.g., drum 525) may be raised and the ceiling cutter drum (e.g., drum 530) may be lowered; or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, as previously described, vibration sensors, such as vibration sensors 817B and 817C, are provided to respectively sense vibration particular to the left and right side of the shearer 120. In such embodiments, in block 920, an adjustment is made to a cutting parameter for each side of the shearer 120 on which the excessive vibration is sensed. For example, in steps 905-915, when the electronic processor 820 determines that vibration sensed by vibration sensor 817B exceeds the vibration threshold, the cutting parameter is adjusted in block 920 for the right cutter drum 525 (e.g., the speed, height, or both the speed and height of the right cutter drum 525 are adjusted). Similarly, in steps 905-915, when the electronic processor 820 determines that vibration sensed by vibration sensor 817C exceeds the vibration threshold, the cutting parameter is adjusted in block 920 for the left cutter drum 530 (e.g., the speed, height, or both the speed and height of the right cutter drum 530 are adjusted). Finally, in steps 905-915, when the electronic processor 820 determines that vibration sensed by vibration sensor 817B and the vibration sensor 817C both exceed the vibration threshold, the cutting parameter is adjusted in block 920 for both the right and left cutter drums 525, 530.
In some embodiments, after controlling the cutter drum 525,530 with the adjusted cutting parameter in step 925, the electronic processor 810 continues to monitor vibration of the shearer based on vibration data from the one or more vibration sensors 817 and continues to make further adjustments to the cutting parameter. For example, when further vibration data is received, the electronic processor 810 determines a current vibration level based on the new vibration data and compares the current vibration level to a vibration threshold. When the current vibration level exceeds the vibration threshold (again), the electronic processor 810 further adjusts the cutting parameter (e.g., further reduces speed, further reduces height, further increases speed, or further increases height of one or both of the cutter drums 525,530). Additionally, in some embodiments, when the current vibration level no longer exceeds the vibration threshold, or when the current vibration level drops below a second vibration threshold that is lower than the vibration threshold previously used in step 915, the electronic processor 810 is configured to adjust the cutting parameter to reverse, at least in part, the previous adjustment. For example, when the initial adjustment of the cutting parameter reduced the speed of the cutter drums 525, 530, the electronic processor 810 increases the speed of the cutter drum 525, 530 to reverse, at least in part, the previous adjustment. Similarly, when the initial adjustment of the cutting parameter reduced the height of one of the cutter drums 525, 530, the electronic processor 810 increases the height of the cutter drum 525, 530 to reverse, at least in part, the previous adjustment.
In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 transmits a control instruction to an operator of the shearer 120. The operator may be using, for example, one or more computer devices making up the mine monitoring system 110 that is in communication with the longwall mining system 105, or may be using a computer device in the form of a local shearer-specific control panel in direct or indirect wired or wireless communication with the longwall mining system 105. Regardless, the computer device, also referred to as an operator remote device, includes a user interface with an output device (for example, one or more of a display screen, speaker, tactile feedback device), an input device (for example, one or more of a touchscreen, keyboard, mouse, dial, pushbuttons), or a combination therefore (e.g., a touch display). The electronic processor 820 may transmit the control instruction based on the comparison of the current vibration level and the vibration threshold. When the current vibration level does not exceed the vibration threshold, the electronic processor 820 may transmit a control instruction to the operator computer device instructing the operator not to adjust a cutting parameter in order to maintain the shearer cutting in seam. The control instruction may be displayed, audibly output, or otherwise output to the operator via the computer device. When the current vibration level exceeds the vibration threshold, the electronic processor 820 may transmit a control instruction instructing the operator to adjust a cutting parameter of the shearer 120 in order to return the shearer back to cutting in seam. For example, the control instruction may include an instruction to reduce a cutting speed, increase a cutting speed, reduce a cutting height, increase a cutting height, or a combination thereof for one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530.
As noted above, the electronic processor 820 of the controller 805 may execute instructions for monitoring the longwall mining system 105. For example,
As illustrated in
In response to detecting the impact event, the electronic processor 820 may generate an impact event indication associated with the impact event (at block 1025). In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 stores the impact event indication in the memory 825 of the controller 805. Alternatively or in addition, the electronic processor 820 transmits the impact event indication to a device external to the shearer 120, where the impact event indication may be stored, displayed, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 generates and transmits a control instruction to an operator of the shearer 120 based on the impact event indication. The control instruction may include an instruction to, for example, adjust a cutting parameter of one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530, such as reducing a cutting speed, reducing a cutting height, or the like.
Such control instructions enable an operator and other mine personnel to be better informed regarding operation of the longwall mining system 105 and to take corrective action in response to such control instructions. Without such monitoring or notifications, an operator and other mine personnel may not be aware that the shearer 120 is encountering hard material or stone, or otherwise experiencing impacts that can reduce the lifetime of the mining equipment or reduce the effectiveness of the mining equipment. For example, it may be difficult for an operator to perceive or determine when vibration experienced by the longwall mining system 105 changes from typical vibration for which the shearer 120 is designed to experience to excessive vibration that could damage the shearer 120. Automated vibration sensing and impact event detection as described with respect to the method 1000, however, may improve the identification of impact events. Additionally, mine supervisors may be better informed to identify operators that are more likely to encounter such impact events and provide additional training to these operators to reduce wear on the longwall mining system 105. Further advantages and benefits are also provided by the method 1000 and not discussed herein.
In response to receiving the impact event indication, the electronic processor 820 retrieves additional data associated with the impact event indication (at block 1110). The additional data may provide additional information or detail relating to the impact event. For example, the additional data may include a time of day when the impact event occurred, a geographical location of the shearer 120 when the impact event occurred, an operator characteristic when the impact event occurred (for example, an operator identification), an operational state of the shearer 120 when the impact event occurred, a cutting parameter of the shearer 120 when the impact event occurred, a position within a cutting sequence when the impact event occurred, a roof support position along the wall at which the impact event occurred (e.g., the impact event occurred when the cutter drum was at roof support X of the N total roof supports 115), and the like. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 retrieves the additional data from the memory 825 of the controller 805. For example, the additional data may be received (by the electronic processor 820) from one or more of the other sensors 819 and stored in the memory 825. Alternatively or in addition, the electronic processor 820 may retrieve the additional data from other components or systems associated with the shearer 120.
The electronic processor 820 may link (or associate) the additional data with the vibration data of the impact event indication (at block 1115) and create an impact event record (at block 1120). Accordingly, in some embodiments, the impact event record includes the linked vibration data and additional data. Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, the impact event record includes a severity level of the impact event. After creating the impact event record (at block 1120), the electronic processor 820 may store the impact event record (at block 1125). The electronic processor 820 may store the impact event record in the memory 825 of the controller 805.
In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 stores (or adds) the impact event record to an impact event database stored in the memory 825 of the controller 805. The impact event database may include multiple impact event records (as individual entries to the impact event database). Accordingly, in some embodiments, when the electronic processor 820 receives a new impact event indication, the electronic processor 820 creates a new impact event record (including the associated vibration data and additional data) and adds the new impact event record to the impact event database stored in the memory 825. Each impact event record may include an associated identifier (e.g., a serial number, alphanumeric value, date-time stamp, or other unique identifier) to enable distinguishing between records.
After storing the impact event record, the electronic processor 820 may export the impact event record for display (at block 1130). In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 exports the impact event record in response to receiving a request, such as a maintenance request. The electronic processor 820 may receive the request from a device external to the shearer 120 (e.g., the operator remote device or a computer device of the mine monitoring system 110). In response to receiving the impact event record, the device external to the shearer 120 may display the impact event record via a display device or otherwise make the impact event record available to a user. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 may export a plurality of impact event records (e.g., the most recent impact records up to a predetermined number (e.g., 5, 10, or 25), each impact event from a particular time period (e.g., 12 hours, 24 hours, 1 week, or 1 month)) or may export each impact event record stored in the impact event database.
Such event records enable an operator and other mine personnel to be better informed regarding operation of the longwall mining system 105 and to take corrective action in response to such control instructions. Without such monitoring or notifications, an operator and other mine personnel may not be aware that the shearer 120 is encountering hard material or stone, or otherwise experiencing impacts that can reduce the lifetime of the mining equipment or reduce the effectiveness of the mining equipment. For example, it may be difficult for an operator to perceive or determine when vibration experienced by the longwall mining system 105 changes from typical vibration for which the shearer 120 is designed to experience to excessive vibration that could damage the shearer 120. Automated vibration sensing and impact event detection as described with respect to the method 1000, however, may improve the identification of impact events. Additionally, mine supervisors may be better informed to identify operators that are more likely to encounter such impact events and provide additional training to these operators to reduce wear on the longwall mining system 105. Additionally, by linking the impact events to additional information, the event records can provide further insight into the mine (e.g., information related to the quality or makeup of the seam), the mine operator (e.g., skill level or aggressiveness of the operator), the wear and life expectancy of the shearer 120 (e.g., whether the shearer 120 has been subject to many impact events and may need maintenance sooner than otherwise expected), and potential abusive operation of the shearer 120, which could be relevant for warranty determinations. Such information would otherwise be difficult to detect, log, and analyze. Further advantages and benefits are also provided by the method 1100 and not discussed herein.
As illustrated in
The electronic processor 820 compares the current vibration level to the target vibration threshold in order to determine whether the current vibration level exceeds the target vibration threshold. When the current vibration level exceeds the target vibration threshold, the electronic processor 820 provides a visual output to an operator of the longwall mining system 105 (at block 1220). The target vibration threshold is selected such that, at least in general, the current vibration level exceeds the target vibration threshold when the shearer (i.e., the cutter drum 525, 530) cuts outside of the target material seam. In some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 provides the visual output to the operator in real time (or near real time) during operation of the longwall mining system 105 (i.e., the shearer 120). In such embodiments, the electronic processor 820 may transmit (or provide) the visual output to a device external to the shearer 120, such as the operator remote device used by an operator to control the longwall mining system 105 (i.e., the shearer 120). The visual output may be displayed to the operator via a display device of the remote device.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, the visual output provides a graphical representation of the current vibration level in relation to the target vibration threshold. For example,
The visual output 1300 also provides a visual indication of the vibration threshold (or the target vibration threshold). For example, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the visual output 1300 indicates a difference between the current vibration level and the vibration threshold. For example, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the visual output 1300 indicates whether a component of the shearer 120 is cutting in-seam, cutting out-of-seam, approaching the seam, or a combination thereof by modifying a characteristic of the visual output 1300, such as a color or an animation. For example, the first bar 1305 may be a first color (for example, red) to indicate that the right cutter drum 525 is cutting out-of-seam, while the second bar 1310 may be a second color (for example, green) to indicate that the left cutter drum 530 is cutting in seam. However, when the current vibration level experienced by the left cutter drum 530 approaches the vibration threshold, the second bar 1310 may change to a third color (for example, yellow) to indicate that the left cutter drum 530 is approaching the seam. As another example, the first bar 1305 may perform an animation, such as a flash or pulse, to indicate that the right cutter drum 525 is cutting out-of-seam.
The visual output 1300 may indicate that one or more of the cutter drums 525, 530 (or another component of the shearer 120) is cutting outside of the target material seam (i.e., is cutting out-of-seam). For example, as illustrated in
Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, the electronic processor 820 provides an additional visual output to the operator of the longwall mining system 105 when the current vibration level does not exceed the target vibration threshold. The current vibration level does not exceed the target vibration threshold when the cutter drum 525, 530 of the shearer 120 cuts within the target material seam. In such embodiments, the additional visual output indicates that the shearer 120 (i.e., the cutter drum 525, 530) cuts within the target material seam. In some embodiments, the additional visual output is included within the visual output 1300. For example, as illustrated in
The various methods described above are described as including one or more functions performed by the electronic processor 810. These functions may also be described as being carried out by the electronic controller 805, which includes the electronic processor 810 and the memory 825, among other components.
Thus, embodiments described herein provide, among other things, systems and methods for controlling and monitoring a longwall mining system based on vibration data. Various features and advantages of the embodiments described herein are set forth in the following claims.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2620386 | Alspaugh et al. | Dec 1952 | A |
| 4143552 | Godfrey | Mar 1979 | A |
| 4367900 | Trumper | Jan 1983 | A |
| 4884847 | Bessinger et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4968098 | Hirsch | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4981327 | Bessinger | Jan 1991 | A |
| 6062650 | Smith | May 2000 | A |
| 6132005 | Mazlin et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 7177709 | Uhlendorf | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 9903090 | Daniel et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 20080185903 | Bausov et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20100063691 | Hail et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20160362980 | Knuth | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20190211533 | White | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| Entry |
|---|
| Komatsu, J525 Ranging Arm RCA, PowerPoint Presentation Slide from Sep. 18, 2019 (1 page). |
| Co-Pending U.S. Appl. No. 16/795,184, filed Feb. 19, 2020 (51 pages including statement of relevance). |
| Co-Pending U.S. Appl. No. 16/795,192, filed Feb. 19, 2020 (50 pages including statement of relevance). |
| Co-Pending U.S. Appl. No. 16/795,200, filed Feb. 19, 2020 (51 pages including statement of relevance). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20210254461 A1 | Aug 2021 | US |
