This application relates to an impact tool (such as an impact driver or an impact wrench) operable in a normal mode and a control mode, a controller for such an impact tool, and a method of operating such an impact tool.
A power tool known as an impact tool (e.g., an impact driver or an impact wrench) generally includes a motor, a transmission, an impact mechanism, and an output shaft. The impact mechanism generally includes a cam shaft coupled to the transmission, a hammer received over the cam shaft for rotational and axial movement relative to the cam shaft, an anvil coupled to the output shaft, and a spring that biases the hammer toward the spindle. When a low amount of torque is applied to the output shaft, the hammer remains engaged with the anvil and transmits rotational motion from the transmission to the output shaft without any impacts. When a higher amount of torque is applied to the output shaft, the hammer disengages from the anvil and transmits rotary impacts to the anvil and the output shaft. The mechanical characteristics of the impact mechanism components generally determine the output torque at which the impact mechanism transitions from operation in the rotary mode to the impact mode (referred to herein as the normal transition torque).
When performing certain types of operations, it would be desirable to have the impact mechanism transition from the rotary mode to the impact mode at an output torque that is higher than the normal output torque. For example, when driving certain types of fasteners into certain types of workpieces it can be desirable to have a higher transition torque to avoid inadvertent damage to the fastener or the workpiece. This application discloses an impact tool, a controller for n impact tool, and method for operating such an impact tool.
In an aspect, an impact tool includes a housing, a motor disposed in the housing, an output spindle, and an impact mechanism coupled to the output spindle and configured to be driven by the motor. The impact mechanism is configured to operate in one of a rotary mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without rotational impacts and an impacting mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle. The impact mechanism is configured to transition from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a transition torque. A controller is configured to control power being delivered to the motor and is operable in one of: (a) a normal mode where the controller allows power to be delivered to the motor so that the impact mechanism transitions from operation in the rotary mode to operation in the impacting mode when an output torque exceeds a normal transition torque; and (b) a control mode where the controller controls power being delivered to the motor so that the impact mechanism transitions from operation in the rotary mode to operation in the impacting mode when an output torque exceeds a control transition torque that is greater than the normal transition torque.
Implementations of this aspect may include one or more of the following features. The controller may control power by controlling a parameter or analogue of power. The parameter or analogue of power may include at least one of current, voltage, resistance, duty cycle, motor speed, and torque. In the control mode, the controller may limit the power delivered to the motor to not exceed a first power limit for a first period of time, and then may allow an amount of power delivered to the motor to exceed the first power limit, the first power limit corresponding to a first output torque that is lower than the normal transition torque. In the control mode, the controller may limit the power delivered to the motor to not exceed the first power limit until a first predetermined time period after the controller determines that a tool parameter has reached a first threshold. The tool parameter may include at least one of motor speed, output torque, power delivered to the motor, current delivered to the motor, voltage delivered to the motor, and a duty cycle of a signal applied to the motor. The tool parameter reaching the first threshold may correspond to an output torque reaching a first torque limit, a motor speed decreasing to reach a speed threshold, and/or a current reaching a first current threshold.
In the control mode, the controller may subsequently limit the power delivered to the motor to not exceed a second power limit until a second predetermined time period after the controller determines that the tool parameter has reached a second threshold. The second power limit may correspond to a second output torque that is higher than the first output torque. The second output torque may be greater than the normal transition torque. In the control mode, the controller subsequently may allow the amount of power delivered to the motor to exceed a control transition power that is higher than the normal transition torque and that corresponds to the control transition torque when the impact mechanism will transition to operating in the impact mode.
In the control mode, the controller may: (a) set a plurality of intermediate power limits, each corresponding to a torque that is less than the control transition torque, for a plurality of time periods; and (b) limit the power delivered to the motor not to exceed the power limit when that power limit is set, wherein at least one of the plurality of power limits corresponds to an output torque that is lower than the normal transition torque. The plurality of intermediate power limits may sequentially increase. At least one of a plurality of intermediate power limits may be less than a preceding one of the plurality of intermediate power limits.
In the control mode, after the impact mechanism transitions to operating in the impact mode, the controller may set an impacting power limit that is lower than the power at which the impact mechanism transitions to operating in the impact mode. The controller may set an impacting power limit by limiting at least one of power, current, voltage, duty cycle, motor speed, and torque.
In another aspect, an impact tool may include a housing, a motor disposed in the housing, an output spindle, and an impact mechanism coupled to the output spindle and configured to be driven by the motor. The impact mechanism is configured to operate in one of a rotary mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without impacts and an impacting mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle. Absent any limit on power delivered to the motor, the impact mechanism is configured to transition from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a first transition torque. A controller is configured to control power being delivered to the motor so that the impact mechanism transitions from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a second transition torque that is higher than the first transition torque by: (a) setting a plurality of intermediate power limits, each corresponding to a torque that is less than the control transition torque, for a plurality of time periods; and (b) limiting power delivered to the motor not to exceed the power limit when that power limit is set, wherein at least one of the plurality of power limits corresponds to an output torque that is lower than the first transition torque.
Implementations of this aspect may include one or more of the following features. At each power limit, the controller may be configured to limit power delivered to the motor not to exceed the power limit until a predetermined time period after the controller determines that a tool parameter has been reached. The tool parameter may comprise at least one of motor speed, output torque, power delivered to the motor, current delivered to the motor, voltage delivered to the motor, and a duty cycle of a signal applied to the motor. The predetermined time period for the final power limit may be longer than the predetermined time periods for all previous power limits. After the predetermined time corresponding to a highest of the plurality of intermediate power limits has expired, the controller may be configured to allow an amount of power delivered to the motor to exceed a transition power that corresponds to the second transition torque. At least the highest intermediate power limit corresponds to an output torque that is greater than the first transition torque. Each power limit may include at least one of a current limit, a voltage limit, a duty cycle limit, and a motor speed limit, and the controller controls the amount of power by controlling at least one of the current delivered to the motor, the voltage delivered to the motor, the duty cycle of a signal that controls the motor, and the motor speed.
In another aspect, an impact tool includes a housing, a motor disposed in the housing, an output spindle, and an impact mechanism coupled to the output spindle and configured to be driven by the motor. The impact mechanism has an input shaft, a hammer received over the input shaft, an anvil coupled to the output spindle, and a spring biasing the hammer toward the anvil. The impact mechanism is operable in one of a rotary mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without impacts and an impacting mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle. Absent any limit on power delivered to the motor, the impact mechanism is configured to transition from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a first transition torque. A controller is configured to control an amount of current being delivered to the motor so that the impact mechanism transitions from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a second transition torque that is higher than the first transition torque by limiting an amount of current delivered to the motor to not exceed a plurality of intermediate current limits. Each current limit corresponds to a torque that is less than the second transition torque and each current limit is maintained until a predetermined time period after the controller determines that a motor speed has decreased to a threshold value.
In another aspect, a hybrid impact tool includes a housing, a motor disposed in the housing, an output spindle, and an impact mechanism coupled to the output spindle and configured to be driven by the motor. The impact mechanism is configured to operate in one of a rotary configuration in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without rotational impacts, and an impacting configuration in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle. The impact mechanism is configured to transition from the rotary configuration to the impacting configuration when an output torque exceeds a first threshold value. A controller is configured to control operation of the impact mechanism and an amount of power being delivered to the motor. The controller is operable in one of: (a) an impact mode in which the controller allows the impact mechanism to transition from the rotary configuration to the impact configuration when the output torque exceeds the first threshold value, (2) a drill mode in which the controller prevents the impact mechanism from transitioning from the rotary configuration to the impacting configuration even if the output torque exceeds the first threshold value, and (3) a control mode in which the controller prevents the impact mechanism from transitioning to from the rotary configuration to the impact configuration until the output torque exceeds a second threshold value that is greater than the first threshold value.
In another aspect, a method of operating a power tool having an impact mechanism coupled to an output spindle and configured to be driven by a motor, the impact mechanism configured to operate in one of a rotary mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without rotational impacts and an impacting mode in which the rotary impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle is disclosed. The method includes receiving a user selection of operation in one of a normal mode or a control mode. In the normal mode, the method includes delivering power to the motor so that the rotary impact mechanism transitions from operation in the rotary mode to operation in the impacting mode when an output torque exceeds a normal transition torque. In the control mode, the method includes controlling, via a controller, power delivered to the motor so that the rotary impact mechanism transitions from operation in the rotary mode to operation in the impacting mode when an output torque exceeds a control transition torque that is greater than the normal transition torque.
Implementations of this aspect may include one or more of the following features. Controlling power may comprise controlling a parameter or analogue of power. The parameter or analogue of power may comprise at least one of current, voltage, resistance, duty cycle, motor speed, and torque. Controlling power may comprise limiting power delivered to the motor to not exceed a first power limit for a first period of time, and then allowing an amount of power delivered to the motor to exceed the first power limit, the first power limit corresponding to a first output torque that is lower than the normal transition torque. Controlling power may comprise limiting the power delivered to the motor to not exceed the first power limit until a first predetermined time period after the controller determines that a tool parameter has reached a first threshold. The tool parameter may comprise at least one of motor speed, output torque, power delivered to the motor, current delivered to the motor, voltage delivered to the motor, and a duty cycle of a signal applied to the motor. The tool parameter reaching the first threshold may correspond to an output torque reaching a first torque limit, a motor speed decreasing to reach a speed threshold, or a current reaching a first current threshold.
Controlling power may further comprise subsequently limiting the power delivered to the motor to not exceed a second power limit until a second predetermined time period after the controller determines that the tool parameter has reached a second threshold. The second power limit may correspond to a second output torque that is higher than the first output torque. The second output torque may be greater than the normal transition torque.
Controlling power may further comprise subsequently allowing the amount of power delivered to the motor to exceed a control transition power that is higher than the normal transition torque and that corresponds to the control transition torque when the impact mechanism will transition to operating in the impact mode. Controlling power may comprise: (a) setting a plurality of intermediate power limits, each corresponding to a torque that is less than the control transition torque, for a plurality of time periods; and (b) limiting the power delivered to the motor not to exceed the power limit when that power limit is set, wherein at least one of the plurality of power limits corresponds to an output torque that is lower than the normal transition torque. The plurality of intermediate power limits sequentially increase. At least one of a plurality of intermediate power limits may be less than a preceding one of the plurality of intermediate power limits.
In the control mode, after the impact mechanism transitions to operating in the impact mode, the method may include setting an impacting power limit that is lower than the power at which the impact mechanism transitions to operating in the impact mode. Setting an impacting power limit may comprise limiting at least one of power, current, voltage, duty cycle, motor speed, and torque.
In another aspect, a method of operating a power tool having an impact mechanism coupled to an output spindle and configured to be driven by a motor, the impact mechanism configured to operate in one of a rotary mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without rotational impacts and an impacting mode in which the rotary impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle, the impact mechanism configured to transition from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a first transition torque, is disclosed. The method includes controlling, via a controller, power delivered to the motor so that the impact mechanism transitions from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a second transition torque that is higher than the first transition torque by: (a) setting a plurality of intermediate power limits, each corresponding to a torque that is less than the control transition torque, for a plurality of time periods; and (b) limiting power delivered to the motor not to exceed the power limit when that power limit is set, wherein at least one of the plurality of power limits corresponds to an output torque that is lower than the first transition torque.
Implementations of this aspect may include one or more of the following features. At each power limit, limiting power may comprise limiting power delivered to the motor not to exceed the power limit until a predetermined time period after the controller determines that a tool parameter has been reached. The tool parameter may comprise at least one of motor speed, output torque, power delivered to the motor, current delivered to the motor, voltage delivered to the motor, and a duty cycle of a signal applied to the motor. The predetermined time period for the final power limit may be longer than the predetermined time periods for all previous power limits.
After the predetermined time corresponding to a highest of the plurality of intermediate power limits has expired, the method may include allowing an amount of power delivered to the motor to exceed a transition power that corresponds to the second transition torque. At least the highest intermediate power limit may correspond to an output torque that is greater than the first transition torque. Each power limit may include at least one of a current limit, a voltage limit, a duty cycle limit, and a motor speed limit, and the controller controls the amount of power by controlling at least one of the current delivered to the motor, the voltage delivered to the motor, the duty cycle of a signal that controls the motor, and the motor speed.
In another aspect, a method of operating a power tool having an impact mechanism coupled to an output spindle and configured to be driven by a motor, the impact mechanism configured to operate in one of a rotary mode in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without rotational impacts and an impacting mode in which the rotary impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle, the impact mechanism is configured to transition from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a first transition torque, is disclosed. The method includes controlling, via a controller, an amount of current being delivered to the motor so that the rotary impact mechanism transitions from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impacting mode when a torque on the output spindle exceeds a second transition torque that is higher than the first transition torque by limiting an amount of current delivered to the motor to not exceed a plurality of intermediate current limits, wherein each current limit corresponds to a torque that is less than the second transition torque and each current limit is maintained until a predetermined time period after the controller determines that a motor speed has decreased to a threshold value.
In another aspect, a method of operating a hybrid impact tool having an impact mechanism coupled to an output spindle and configured to be driven by a motor, the impact mechanism configured to operate in one of a rotary configuration in which the impact mechanism transmits rotational motion to the output spindle without rotational impacts, and an impacting configuration in which the rotary impact mechanism transmits rotational impacts to the output spindle, the impact mechanism configured to transition from the rotary configuration to the impacting configuration when an output torque exceeds a first threshold value, is disclosed. The method includes controlling, via a controller, operation of the impact mechanism and an amount of power being delivered to the motor in one of: (a) an impact mode in which the controller allows the impact mechanism to transition from the rotary configuration to the impact configuration when the output torque exceeds the first threshold value, (2) a drill mode in which the controller prevents the impact mechanism from transitioning from the rotary configuration to the impacting configuration even if the output torque exceeds the first threshold value, and (3) a control mode in which the controller prevents the impact mechanism from transitioning to from the rotary configuration to the impact configuration until the output torque exceeds a second threshold value that is greater than the first threshold value.
Advantages may include one or more of the following. In the control mode, the impact tool will transition from operation in the rotary mode to operation in the impact mode at a higher transition torque than in a normal mode of operation. This can help avoid damage to a workpiece or a fastener being driven by the impact tool, and provides the user with greater control when using an impact tool. These and other advantages and features will be apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
Referring to
Extending downward and slightly rearward of the housing 12 is a handle 30 in a pistol grip formation. The handle 30 has a proximal portion 32 coupled to the housing 12 and a distal portion 34 coupled to a battery receptacle 28. The motor 20 may be powered by an electrical power source, such as a DC power source or battery (not shown), that is coupled to the battery receptacle 28, or by an AC power source. A trigger 36 is coupled to the handle 20 adjacent the housing 12. The trigger 36 connects the electrical power source to the motor 20 via a controller 40 that controls power delivery to the motor 20, as described in greater detail below. A light unit (e.g., an LED) 38 may be disposed on the front end portion 14 of the housing 12, just below the tool holder 28 to illuminate an area in front of the tool holder 28. Power delivery to the light unit 38 may be controlled by the trigger 36 and the controller 40, or by a separate switch on the tool.
Coupled to the battery receptacle 28 is a mode change switch 42, which provides an input to the controller 40. The mode change switch 42 allows the user to select between a normal mode of operation and a delayed impact or control mode of operation, as described in greater detail below. The mode change switch 42 may also function as a speed selector switch for causing the motor to run at different maximum motor speeds (e.g., by a feedback control loop). For example, in one possible embodiment the mode change switch 42 may have three positions—a low speed with the control mode, a medium speed with the normal mode, and a high speed with the normal mode. Various other combinations of modes and speeds are possible. In addition, there may be separate switches for controlling the mode (normal vs. control) and the maximum output speed. Based on the selected mode and/or speed, the controller controls the power delivered to the motor by controlling power or by controlling one or more parameters or analogues of power, such as current, voltage, resistance, duty cycle of a PWM signal, motor speed, and/or torque. The term power is used in this application in a generic manner to refer to power or to any of these or other parameters or analogues of power.
Referring also to
The impact mechanism 24 includes a cam shaft 54 extending along the tool axis X-X and fixedly coupled to the planet carrier 52 so that they rotate together. Received over the cam shaft 54 is a cylindrical hammer 56 that is configured to move rotationally and axially relative to the cam shaft 54. The cam shaft 54 also has a front end 58 of smaller diameter that is rotatably received in an axial opening 60 in the output spindle 26. Fixedly coupled to a rear end of the output spindle 26 is an anvil 62 having two radial projections 64. The hammer 56 has two hammer projections 66 on its front end that lie in the same rotational plane as the radial projections 64 of the anvil 62 so that each hammer projection 66 may engage a corresponding anvil projection 64 in a rotating direction.
Formed on an outer wall of the cam shaft 54 is a pair of rear-facing V-shaped cam grooves 68 with their open ends facing toward the rear end portion 16 of the housing 12. A corresponding pair of forward-facing V-shaped cam grooves (not shown) is formed on an interior wall of the hammer 56 with their open ends facing toward the front end portion 14 of the housing 12. A ball 72 is received in and rides along each of the cam grooves 68, 70 to couple the hammer 56 to the cam shaft 54. A compression spring 74 is received in a cylindrical recess 76 in the hammer 56 and abuts a forward face of the planet carrier 52. The spring 74 biases the hammer 56 toward the anvil 62 so that the so hammer projections 66 engage the corresponding anvil projections 64.
At low torque levels, the impact mechanism 24 transmits torque to the output spindle 28 in a rotary mode. In the rotary mode, the compression spring 74 maintains the hammer 56 in its most forward position so that the hammer projections 66 engage the anvil projections 64. This causes the cam shaft 54, the hammer 56, the anvil 62 and the output spindle to rotate together as a unit about the tool axis X-X so that the output spindle 26 has substantially the same rotational speed as the cam shaft 54.
As the torque increases to exceed a torque transition threshold, the impact mechanism 24 transmits torque to the output spindle 28 in an impact mode. In the impact mode, the hammer 56 moves axially rearwardly against the force of the spring 74. This decouples the hammer projections 66 from the anvil projections 64. Thus, the anvil 62 continues to spin freely on its axis without being driven by the motor 20 and transmission 23, so that it coasts to a slightly slower speed. Meanwhile, the hammer 56 continues to be driven at a higher speed by the motor 20 and transmission 23. As this occurs, the hammer 56 moves axially rearwardly relative to the anvil 62 by the movement of the balls 72 rearwardly in the V-shaped cam grooves 68. When the balls 72 reach their rearmost position in the V-shaped cam grooves 68, 70 the spring 74 drives the hammer 56 axially forward with a rotational speed that exceeds the rotational speed of the anvil 62. This causes the hammer projections 66 to rotationally strike the anvil projections 64, imparting a rotational impact to the output spindle 26. This impacting operation repeats as long as the torque on the output spindle 26 continues to exceed the torque transition threshold.
The normal transition torque threshold TN-TRANS for when the impact mechanism 24 transitions from the rotary mode to the impact mode is a function of the mechanical characteristics of the components of the impact mechanism 24, such as the inertia of the hammer 56 and the force of the spring 74 (although the normal torque transition threshold may vary slightly based on external factors such as motor speed or acceleration, characteristics of the workpiece and/or fastener, and/or loading of the output spindle). The normal transition torque threshold generally corresponds to an amount of power being delivered to the motor, i.e., a normal transition power PN-TRANS.
Referring
In the normal mode, the controller 40 controls power delivered to the motor so that the impact mechanism transitions from operation in the rotary mode to operation in the impacting mode when the output torque on the output spindle 26 exceeds the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. In the control mode, the controller 40 controls power delivered to the motor so that the impact mechanism transitions from operation in the rotary mode to operation in the impacting mode when an output torque on the output spindle exceeds a control transition torque TC-TRANS that is greater than the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. In other words, in the control mode, transition to impacting mode is delayed until a higher output torque TC-TRANS is reached, allowing the user to drive fasteners at a higher torque without transitioning to the impacting mode of the impact mechanism. This gives the user greater control over tool operation. Various embodiments of operation of the impact tool 10 in the normal and in the control mode are described in greater detail below.
Referring to
If, at step 102, the controller 40 determines that the user has selected the control mode, then the controller controls power P delivered to the motor to establish a control transition torque TC-TRANS that is higher than the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. The control transition torque TC-TRANS corresponds to a control transition power PC-TRANS that is higher than the normal transition power PN-TRANS. The higher control transition torque TC-TRANS can be achieved by initially setting a first power limit P1 for the motor and then changing the power limit in a plurality of steps Pn until reaching a final maximum power limit Pmax that is somewhat less than or equal to the control transition power PC-TRANS. The controller 40 changes a given power limit Pn to the next power limit in the sequence Pn+1 a predetermined time after the controller 40 determines that a tool parameter for that power limit Pn has been reached. In other words, when the tool parameter has been reached, the controller 40 maintains the present power limit Pn for a predetermined additional time period Δtn. This allows inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, preventing the impact mechanism from transitioning to the impact mode until the higher control transition torque TC-TRANS and a higher control transition power PC-TRANS have been reached. After the maximum power limit Pmax of the plurality of power limits has been set and the predetermined condition for the maximum power limit Pmax has been reached, the controller 40 sets no power limit or a very high power limit to allow the amount of power delivered to the motor to exceed a control transition power PC-TRANS so that the impact mechanism transitions from the rotary mode to the impact mode.
More specifically, at step 106, the controller 40 initializes a step counter n to the first step (n=1). At step 108, the controller 40 sets a first power limit P1 that corresponds to a first torque limit T1, each of which are substantially less than the normal transition power PN-TRANS and the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. The first power limit P1 prevents the motor from delivering enough torque to the impact mechanism to allow the impact mechanism to transition from the rotary mode to the impact mode. At step 110, the controller 40 then delivers power to the motor at a power P that does not exceed the first power limit P1.
At step 112, the controller 40 determines whether a first tool parameter has been reached. For example, the controller 40 may determine whether the motor speed, the power, the output torque, the current, the voltage, or the duty cycle has increased or decreased to reach, exceed or become less than a threshold value. If the first tool parameter has not been reached, then at step 110, the controller 112 returns to step 110 and continues to deliver power to the motor at a power P that does not exceed the first power limit P1. Once the controller 40 determines, at step 112, that the first tool parameter has been reached, then at step 114, the controller 40 maintains the first power limit P1 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt1. Maintaining the first power limit P1 during this additional time interval Δt1 allows inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which delays the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
After expiration of the additional time Δt1, at step 116, the controller 40 determines whether the counter n has reached its maximum value (in this case n=5). If not, then at step 118, the controller 40 increments the counter n by n+1, and loops back to step 108 to set the next power limit in the sequence (e.g., a second power limit P2) that corresponds to the next torque limit in the sequence (e.g., a second torque limit T2). The above-described process repeats until, at step 116, the controller 40 determines that the counter n has reached its maximum value (e.g., n=5), meaning that the controller 40 has already set the maximum power limit Pmax (e.g., a fifth power limit P5) that corresponds to a maximum torque limit Tmax (e.g., a fifth torque limit T5). When, at step 116, the controller determines that the counter n has reached its maximum value, then at step 120, the controller 40 sets no limit or a very high limit on the amount of power that can be delivered to the motor (i.e., the power limit is set much higher than a the control transition power PC-TRANS that corresponds to the control transition torque TC-TRANS). When the amount of torque T on the output shaft exceeds the control transition torque TC-TRANS, the impact mechanism transitions from operating in rotary mode to operating in the impact mode. This generally corresponds to the amount of power P being delivered to the motor exceeding the control transition power PC-TRANS. The power limits P1 . . . Pn, the time intervals Δt1 . . . Δtn, and the threshold tool parameter values may be stored in a memory in communication with the controller, such as a flash memory, a RAM module, a ROM module, or an external memory module.
In the first embodiment of the control mode, at time t0, the controller sets a first power limit P1 that corresponds to a first torque T1, which are less than the normal transition power PN-TRANS and the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. From time t0 to time t2, torque and power increase while the impact mechanism operates in the rotary mode. At time t2, the controller senses that a first tool parameter has been reached. For example, the controller may determine that the motor speed, the power, the output torque, the current, the voltage, or the duty cycle has reached a threshold value. From time t2 to time t3, the controller maintains the first power limit P1 for a first predetermined additional time interval Δt1 after the first tool parameter has been reached. Maintaining the first power limit P1 during the additional time interval Δt1 allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
This process is repeated in steps for additional power limits Pn until n has reached it maximum value (in this case n=5) for a maximum power limit Pmax. At time t3, the controller sets a higher second power limit PC2 that corresponds to a higher second torque T2, which are less than the normal transition power PN-TRANS and the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. The impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode and does not transition to the impact mode. At time t4, the controller senses that a second tool parameter has been reached. The second tool parameter may be the same as or different from the first tool parameter and may have the same or different threshold value. From time t4 to time t5, the controller maintains the second power limit P2 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt2 after the second tool parameter has been reached. Maintaining the second power limit P2 during the additional time interval Δt2 allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time t5, the controller sets the power limit to a higher third power limit P3 that corresponds to a higher third torque T3, which are less than the normal transition power PN-TRANS and the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. The impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode and does not transition to the impact mode. At time t6, the controller determines that a third tool parameter has been reached. The third tool parameter may be the same as or different from the first and second tool parameters and may have the same or different threshold value. From time t6 to time t7, the controller maintains the third power limit P3 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt3 after the third tool parameter has been reached. Maintaining the third power limit P3 during the additional time interval Δt3 allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time t7, the controller sets the power limit to a higher fourth power limit P4 that corresponds to a higher fourth torque TC4, which are higher than the normal transition power PN-TRANS and the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. However, because of the inertia that has been dissipated from the impact mechanism at the first through third power limits, the impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode, and does not transition to the impact mode. At time t8, the controller determines that a fourth tool parameter has been reached. The fourth tool parameter may be the same as or different from the first, second or third tool parameters and may have the same or different threshold value. From time t8 to time t9, the controller maintains the fourth power limit P4 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt4 after the fourth tool parameter has been reached. Maintaining the fourth power limit P4 during the additional time interval Δt5 allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time t9, the controller sets the power limit to a higher fifth (and maximum) power limit P5 that corresponds to a higher fifth (and maximum) torque T5, which are greater than the normal transition power PN-TRANS and the normal transition torque TN-TRANS, and which are somewhat lower than the higher control transition power PC-TRANS and the control transition torque TC-TRANS However, because of the inertia that has been dissipated from the impact mechanism at the first through fifth power limits, the impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode, and does not transition to the impact mode. At time t10, the controller determines that a fifth tool parameter has been reached. For example, the controller may be coupled to a sensor that senses that the motor speed, the power, the output torque, the current, the voltage, or the duty cycle has reached a threshold value. The fifth tool parameter may be the same as or different from the first, second, third, or fourth tool parameters and may have the same or different threshold value. From time t10 to time t11, the controller maintains the fifth power limit P5 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt5 after the fifth tool parameter has been reached. Maintaining the fifth power limit P5 during the additional time interval Δt5 allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time t11, the controller sets no power limit or a very high power limit that is substantially greater than the control transition power PC-TRANS. At time t12, the output torque T reaches the control transition torque TC-TRANS for the impact mechanism 24 causing the impact mechanism 24 to transition from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impact mode. This transition generally corresponds to the power P delivered to the motor reaching the control transition power PC-TRANS (although there may be some variance). At this time, the impact mechanism transitions from the rotary mode to the impact mode. While the impact mechanism is operating in impact mode after time t11, the output torque on the output shaft oscillates between zero and a value higher than the control transition torque TC-TRANS (not shown) as the impact mechanism impacts. At the same time, the power delivered to the motor also oscillates about the control transition power PC-TRANS (e.g., by approximately +/−50%). As is apparent from
In an implementation of the first embodiment, the first through fourth additional time intervals Δt1, Δt2, Δt3, and Δt4 are equal to each other and may be short enough (or even zero) so as to be imperceptible to the user (e.g., approximately 0 to 500 milliseconds). In contrast, the final additional time interval Δt5 is longer than the other additional time intervals Δt1, Δt2, Δt3, Δt4, and is long enough to be perceptible to the user (e.g., approximately 500 milliseconds to 1 second). This longer additional time interval Δt5 is advantageous because it provides the user with time to release the trigger and stop the motor if the user wants to prevent the tool from impacting. In addition, the tool may provide an indication to the user of the final additional time interval Δt5, e.g., by illuminating or flashing a light, by making an audible sound, or by providing tactile feedback, e.g., by causing vibration in the handle of the power tool.
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If, at step 202, the controller 40 determines that the user has selected the control mode, then the controller controls current I delivered to the motor to establish a control transition torque TC-TRANS that is higher than the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. The control transition torque TC-TRANS corresponds to a control transition current I-C-TRANS that is higher than the normal transition current IN-TRANS. The higher control transition torque TC-TRANS can be achieved by initially setting a first current limit I1 for the motor and then increasing the current limit in a plurality of steps In until reaching a final maximum current limit Imax that is somewhat less than or equal to the control transition current IC-TRANS. The controller 40 increases the current limit In to the next current limit In+1 a predetermined time after the controller 40 determines that the motor speed ω has decreased below a threshold value ωX. In other words, when the motor speed ωX has been reached, the controller 40 maintains the present current limit In for a predetermined additional time period Δn. This allows inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, preventing the impact mechanism from transitioning to the impact mode until the higher control transition torque TC-TRANS and a higher control transition current IC-TRANS have been reached. After the maximum current limit Imax of the plurality of current limits has been set and the predetermined additional time for that current limit has expired, the controller 40 sets no current limit or a very high current limit to allow the amount of current delivered to the motor to exceed a control transition current IC-TRANS so that the impact mechanism transitions from the rotary mode to the impact mode.
More specifically, at step 206, the controller 40 initializes a step counter n to the first step (n=1). At step 208, the controller 40 sets a first current limit I1 that corresponds to a first torque limit T1, each of which are substantially less than the normal transition current IN-TRANS and the normal transition torque TN-TRANS. The first current limit I1 prevents the motor from delivering enough torque to the impact mechanism to allow the impact mechanism to transition from the rotary mode to the impact mode. At step 210, the controller 40 then delivers power to the motor at a current I that does not exceed the first current limit I1.
At step 212, the controller 40 determines whether the motor speed w has decreased below a threshold motor speed ωX. If the motor speed ω has not decreased below the threshold motor speed ωX, then the controller 40 returns to step 210 and continues to deliver power to the motor at a current I that does not exceed the first current limit I1. Once the controller 40 determines, at step 212, that the motor speed ω has decreased below a threshold motor speed ωX, then, at step 214, the controller 40 maintains the first current limit I1 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt1. Maintaining the first current limit I1 during this additional time interval Δt1 allows inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which delays the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
After expiration of the additional time Δt1, at step 216, the controller 40 determines whether the counter n has reached its maximum value (in this case n=5). If not, then at step 218, the controller 40 increments the counter n by n+1, and loops back to step 208 to set the next higher current limit (e.g., a second current limit I2) that corresponds to the next higher torque limit (e.g., a second torque limit T2). The above-described process repeats until, at step 216, the controller 40 determines that n has reached its maximum value (e.g., n=5), meaning that the controller 40 has already set the maximum current limit Imax (e.g., a fifth current limit I5) that corresponds to a maximum torque limit Tmax (e.g., a fifth current limit I5). When, at step 216, the controller determines that the counter n has reached its maximum value, then at step 220, the controller 40 sets no limit or a very high limit on the amount of current that can be delivered to the motor (i.e., the current limit is set much higher than a the control transition current IC-TRANS that corresponds to the control transition torque TC-TRANS). When the amount of torque T on the output shaft exceeds the control transition torque TC-TRANS, the impact mechanism transitions from operating in rotary mode to operating in the impact mode. This generally corresponds to the amount of current I being delivered to the motor exceeding the control transition current IC-TRANS.
In the control mode, a higher transition torque IC-TRANS for when the impact mechanism transitions from the rotary mode to the impact mode can be achieved than the normal transition torque IN-TRANS that can be achieved in the normal mode. This can be achieved by initially setting a low current limit for the motor and then gradually increasing the current limit in a stepwise fashion each time the motor speed approaches a low speed or stall condition. This allows inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism at each step, which prevents the impact mechanism from transitioning from the rotary mode to the impact mode until a higher transition torque than in the normal mode.
At time t0, the controller sets a first current limit IC1 on the amount of current IC that can be delivered to the motor. The first current limit IC1 is substantially less than the normal transition current IN-TRANS. The first current limit IC1 prevents the motor from delivering enough torque to the impact mechanism to allow the impact mechanism to transition from the rotary mode to the impact mode. When the trigger is actuated at time t0, there is little to no load or torque on the output spindle, and the motor speed ωC quickly increases from zero to a first intermediate motor speed ωC1 at time tc1, while the impact mechanism 24 operates in the rotary mode. Because of the lower current limit IC1, the first intermediate motor speed ωC1 is less than the maximum motor speed ωMAX for the motor in the normal mode. After time tc1, the motor speed ωC decreases as the torque on the output spindle increases. Because the current IC delivered to the motor is capped at the first current limit IC1, this decrease in motor speed ωC in the control mode is more rapid than the decrease in motor speed ωN in the normal mode.
At time tc2, the controller senses that the motor speed ωC has decreased below a threshold value ωX. The controller then maintains the first current limit IC1 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt1 until time tc3. At time tc3, the motor speed ωC has reached a minimum value that may approach a stall condition. Maintaining the first current limit IC1 during the additional time interval Δt1 allows inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
This process can be repeated stepwise for additional current limits. At time tc3, the controller sets the current limit to a higher second current limit IC2, which is still less than the normal transition current IN-TRANS. This allows the motor speed ωC to increase to a second intermediate maximum speed ωC2 at time tc4, while the impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode of operation. The second intermediate maximum speed ωC2 is less than the maximum speed WMAX for the motor in the normal mode. After time tc4, the motor speed ωC rapidly decreases as the torque on the output spindle increases. At time tc5, the controller senses that the motor speed ωC has again decreased below the threshold value ωX. At this time tc5, the controller maintains the second current limit IC2 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt2 until time tc6. At time tc6, the motor speed ωC has reached a minimum value that again may approach a stall condition. Maintaining the second current limit IC2 during the additional time interval Δt allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time tc6, the controller sets the current limit to a higher third current limit IC3, which is still less than the normal transition current IN-TRANS. This allows the motor speed ωC to increase to a third intermediate maximum speed ωC3 at time tc7, while the impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode of operation. The third intermediate maximum speed ωC3 is less than the maximum speed WMAX for the motor in the normal mode. After time tc7, the motor speed ωC rapidly decreases as the torque on the output spindle increases. At time tc8, the controller senses that the motor speed ωC has again decreased to below the threshold value ωX. At this time tc8, the controller maintains the third current limit IC3 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt3 until time tc9. At time tc9, the motor speed ωC has reached a minimum value that again may approach a stall condition. Maintaining the third current limit IC3 during the additional time interval Δt allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time tc9, the controller sets the current limit to a higher fourth current limit IC4. The fourth current limit IC4 is higher than the normal transition current IN-TRANS at which the impact mechanism transitions to the impact mode in normal operation. However, because of the inertia that was allowed to dissipate from the impact mechanism at the first, second and third current limits, the impact mechanism does not transition to the impact mode. Instead, the motor speed ωC increases to a fourth intermediate maximum speed ωC4 at time tc10, while the impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode of operation. The fourth intermediate maximum speed ωC4 is still less than the maximum speed WMAX for the motor in the normal mode. After time tc10, the motor speed ωC decreases as the torque on the output spindle increases. At time tc11, the controller senses that the motor speed ΩC has again decreased below the threshold value ωX. At this time tc11, the controller maintains the fourth current limit IC4 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt until time tc12. At time tc12, the motor speed ωC has reached a minimum value that again may approach a stall condition. Maintaining the fourth current limit IC4 during the additional time interval Δt allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time tc12, the controller again increases the current limit to a higher fifth current limit IC5. The fifth current limit IC5 is higher than the normal transition current IN-TRANS at which the impact mechanism transitions to the impact mode in normal operation, and slightly lower than a control transition current IC-TRANS at which the impact mechanism transitions to the impact mode in the control mode. The motor speed ωC increases to a fifth intermediate maximum speed ωC5 at time tc13, while the impact mechanism continues to operate in the rotary mode of operation. The fifth intermediate maximum speed ωC5 is less than the maximum speed WMAX for the motor in the normal mode. After time tc13, the motor speed ωC decreases as the torque on the output spindle increases. At time tc14, the controller senses that the motor speed ωC has again decreased to the low threshold value ωX. At this time tc14, the controller maintains the fourth current limit IC5 for a predetermined additional time interval Δt5 until time tc15. At time tc15, the motor speed ωC has reached a minimum value that again may approach a stall condition. Maintaining the fifth current limit IC5 during the additional time interval Δt5 allows additional inertia to be dissipated from the impact mechanism, which will further delay the build-up of inertia that would otherwise cause the impact mechanism to transition to the impact mode of operation.
At time tc15, the controller sets no current limit or a very high current limit that is significantly higher that the control transition current IC-TRANS. Shortly thereafter the motor speed ωC rapidly increases to the maximum motor speed WMAX, and, at time tc16, the impact mechanism transitions from the rotary mode to the impact mode. While the impact mechanism is operating in impact mode after time tc16, the motor speed ωC oscillates about the maximum motor speed WMAX (e.g., by approximately +/−28%) and the motor current IC oscillates about the control transition current IC-TRANS (e.g., by approximately +/−50%). As is apparent from
In one implementation of the seventh embodiment, the first through fourth additional time intervals Δtc1, Δtc2, Δtc3, and Δtc4 are equal to each other and short enough so as to be imperceptible to the user (e.g., approximately 0 to 500 milliseconds). In contrast, the final additional time interval Δtc5 is longer than the other time intervals Δtc1, Δtc2, Δtc3, Δtc4, and is long enough so as to be perceptible to the user (e.g., approximately 500 milliseconds to approximately 1 second). This longer additional time interval Δtc5 is advantageous because it provides the user with time to release the trigger and stop the motor if the user wants to prevent the tool from impacting. In addition, the tool may provide an indication to the user of the final additional time interval Δtc5, e.g., by illuminating or flashing a light, by making an audible sound, or by providing tactile feedback, e.g., by causing vibration in the handle of the power tool. In another alternative embodiment, the speed thresholds may be different for one or more of the different current limits.
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If the user has not released the trigger by expiration of the time period Δt, then, at time t3, the controller sets no power limit or a very high power limit that is substantially greater than the normal transition power PN-TRANS. Shortly thereafter, the output torque T reaches the normal transition torque TN-TRANS for the impact mechanism 24 causing the impact mechanism 24 to transition from operating in the rotary mode to operating in the impact mode. This transition generally corresponds to the power P delivered to the motor reaching the normal transition power PN-TRANS (although there may be some variance). At this time, the impact mechanism transitions from the rotary mode to the impact mode. While the impact mechanism is operating in impact mode after time t3, the output torque on the output shaft oscillates between zero and a value higher than the normal transition torque TN-TRANS (not shown) as the impact mechanism impacts. At the same time, the power delivered to the motor also oscillates about the normal transition power PN-TRANS (e.g., by approximately +/−50%).
It should be noted that the power limit PC is set close enough to the normal transition power that very little, if any inertia, is dissipated during the time period Δt. Rather, the purpose of the additional time period Δt is to give the user time to release the trigger to avoid impacting. Also, it should be understood that, instead of setting a power limit, the controller could set a limit for a different tool parameter, such as current, motor speed, voltage, or duty cycle.
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In the control mode, the controller will initially cause the impact mechanism to operate in the drill mode by mechanically preventing the impact mechanism from transitioning to the impacting configuration. The controller also sets a power limit PC that corresponds to a torque limit TC, which are less than the maximum torque TMAX and the maximum power PMAX at which the motor will stall. When the power reaches the power limit PC at time t3, the controller maintains that power for an additional time period Δt until a time t3. This additional time period may be sufficiently long to be perceptible to the user (e.g., approximately 500 ms to 1 second) to give the user time to release the trigger before transitioning to the impacting configuration. In addition, the tool may provide an indication to the user of the additional time interval Δt, e.g., by illuminating or flashing a light, by making an audible sound, or by providing tactile feedback, e.g., by causing vibration in the handle of the power tool. At time t3, if the user has not released the trigger, the controller actuates the electromechanical actuator to cause the impact mechanism to switch from operation in the drill mode to operation in the impact mode. Shortly thereafter, the power reaches a control transition power PC-TRANS, which corresponds to a control transition torque TC-TRANS. At this point, the impact mechanism transitions from the rotary configuration to the impacting configuration, and delivers rotary impacts to the output shaft. The control transition power PC-TRANS and control transition torque TC-TRANS are greater than the normal transition power PN-TRANS and normal transition torque TC-TRANS, thus delaying impacting until a higher output torque is reached.
Numerous other modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments described above. For example, the tool parameter may be the voltage delivered to the motor or the duty cycle of a pulse-width-modulation signal delivered to the motor. The additional time intervals for each power limit or current limit each may be different from one another. These and other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 as a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,211, filed Feb. 27, 2015, titled “Impact Tool with Control Mode,” which is incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14633211 | Feb 2015 | US |
Child | 16523734 | US |