Implant for treatment of a heart valve, in particular a mitral valve, material including such an implant, and material for insertion thereof

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 9237886
  • Patent Number
    9,237,886
  • Date Filed
    Monday, April 14, 2008
    16 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, January 19, 2016
    8 years ago
Abstract
This implant (1) is formed by a helically wound wire (2). According to the invention, it has dimensions such that it is able to be screwed into the wall of the annulus (103) and/or into the cardiac wall (101) adjoining this annulus (103) such that a portion of said annulus (103) and/or of said wall (101) is located in the perimeter of the implant (1); and it comprises at least one first coil able, during said screwing of the implant (1), to insert itself into said wall while having a first dimension and at least one second coil having a second dimension, or adopting this second dimension after implantation, said second dimension being smaller than the first dimension such that the implant (1), once inserted, enables contraction of said wall portion located in the perimeter of this implant (1).
Description

The present invention concerns an implant for treatment of a heart valve, in particular a mitral valve of a heart, a material including such an implant and a material for insertion thereof. The treatment in question may consist of performing an annuloplasty, i.e. reducing a distension of the annulus, or strengthening the annulus of a normal valve. The invention also concerns a percutaneous intervention method for performing such a treatment.


The annulus of a heart valve can, over time, undergo a distension leading to poor coaptation of the leaflets, resulting in a loss of sealing of the valve.


To treat this affection, it is well known to perform an annuloplasty, i.e. re-calibration of the annulus using an implant inserted on the valvular annulus.


This annuloplasty implant can be a prosthetic annulus fixed on the native valvular annulus. This technique does, however, have the drawback of involving an open-heart operation.


The annuloplasty implant can also be a deformable elongated member, able to be introduced using a catheter through a minimally-invasive vascular approach, then able to be delivered via the catheter and fixed near the valvular annulus before being circumferentially retracted.


The existing annuloplasty implants of this type, and the corresponding implantation techniques, like the systems using the coronary sinuses, are not, however, fully satisfactory.


One existing implant, described by document N° WO 2006/091163, is formed by a helically wound wire, forming a split annulus having dimensions close to those of the valvular annulus. This implant is designed to be engaged on the base of the leaflets and to grip this base.


Moreover, it may be necessary to implant a prosthetic heart valve, in particular percutaneously using a catheter. Currently, this type of implantation is difficult on the mitral valve of a heart, percutaneously, essentially due to the fact that the annulus of a mitral valve is elastic and risks becoming distended upon percutaneous implantation of a prosthetic valve.


The present invention essentially aims to resolve the drawbacks and gaps of the prior art.


This implant is, in a known manner, made up of a helically-wound wire.


To this end, the implant according to the invention

    • has dimensions such that it is able to be screwed into the wall of the annulus and/or into the cardiac wall adjoining this annulus such that one portion of this annulus and/or of this wall is located in the perimeter of the implant; and
    • comprises at least one coil able, during said screwing of the implant, to be inserted in said wall while having a first dimension and at least one second coil having a second dimension, or adopting this second dimension after implantation, said second dimension being smaller than the first dimension such that the implant, once inserted, enables a contraction of said wall portion located in the perimeter of this implant.


The implant according to the invention thus has much smaller dimensions than those of the annulus of the valve to be treated, such that it can be placed locally in the wall of this annulus and/or in the cardiac wall adjoining this annulus. By “much smaller dimensions”, one must understand that the implant has, in the plane perpendicular to its screwing axis, a maximum dimension at most equal to 15 mm, and generally in the vicinity of 10 mm, or smaller than 10 mm. This implant can have circular coils; said first coil(s) then have an external diameter of at most 15 mm. The implant can also have elliptical coils; said first coils then have a dimension of at most 15 mm along their largest axis.


“Screwing of the implant” designates a rotation of the implant along its axis, done so as to cause the helical coil formed by this implant to move in a direction. Below, the terms “front” and “rear” will designate the parts of the implant located on the front side or the rear side, respectively, in relation to the direction of screwing.


The implant is simply placed in the annulus and/or the cardiac wall, along a direction more or less perpendicular to the plane of the annulus, and makes it possible to achieve a local contraction of the tissue constituting this annulus and/or this wall. This contraction performs, in whole or in part, the annuloplasty. The radial contraction thus done also allows local strengthening of the annulus.


When said radial contraction only partially performs the aforementioned annuloplasty and/or strengthening, a plurality of implants according to the invention can be inserted closer and closer on the annulus and/or the wall, or on a portion of this annulus and/or this wall, to perform all of the desired annuloplasty and/or strengthening.


According to one possible formation of the coils, said first coil(s) are located, in the direction of screwing of the implant, in front of said second coil(s).


During screwing of the implant, said first coil(s) penetrate first into the annulus and/or the cardiac wall and form a path having corresponding dimensions, which will then be used by said second coil(s), of smaller dimensions, thereby bringing about the radial contraction of said portion of the annulus and/or wall.


The coils of the implant can be circular, as already mentioned, or have a non-circular shape, in particular oval or elliptical.


The implant performs an additional contraction of the annulus and/or of said adjoining wall according to its angular position in this annulus and/or this wall.


According to another possible formation of the coils, the wire making up the implant is in a shape memory material, defining, in a first state, coils having said first dimension and, in a second state, coils having said second dimension.


The passage of these coils from said first dimension to said second dimension, by shape memory, causes the contraction of said portion of the annulus located in the perimeter of these coils of the implant.


The possible formations of the coils mentioned above can be combined on a same implant. Thus, for example, an implant can comprise at least one coil having a larger diameter and at least one coil having a smaller diameter, and be in a shape memory material such that the diameter of the coils is reduced after implantation; an implant can be in a shape memory material such that it comprises circular coils at the time of its implantation, assuming a non-circular shape after implantation.


The front end of the wire constituted by the implant is preferably pointed or sharp, so as to facilitate its penetration into the tissue of the annulus and/or said cardiac wall.


The wire constituting the implant can have a same structure along its entire length, or comprise portions in a first material and portions in a second material different from the first material. For example, the implant can comprise portions in non-shape memory wire and portions in shape memory wire; the implant can comprise portions of wire in a non-resorptive material and portions of wire in a resorptive material.


The wire constituting the implant can for example be in stainless steel or in a shape memory material such as an alloy of nickel and titanium known by the name “nitinol”, or in a material using superelasticity, or in a resorptive material.


The wire constituting the implant can also comprise portions of different structures, for example solid, resistant portions and portions having a thinner cross-section able to be broken in the event of radial forces directed toward the exterior. In this second case, the implant can, for example, be used on children, and break under the effort of said stresses resulting from the growth of the patient.


The implant can comprise radiopaque markers enabling its visualization through the patient's body, in particular markers enabling visualization of the angular orientation of the implant when the latter comprises non-circular coils.


The implant can also comprise means ensuring its anchoring in the tissue with regard to screwing or unscrewing; for example, a rear portion of the wire can, by shape memory, bore itself in such that the wire can no longer slide in relation to the tissue in which the implant is placed; the implant can also comprise protruding portions, for example in the form of claws, deploying via shape memory.


The material including the implant according to the invention comprises means making it possible to connect at least two adjacent implants placed in an annulus, so as to achieve a contraction of the wall of the annulus located between the implants, in addition to the contraction achieved by the implants themselves. It can in particular involve wires in a material able to be twisted, in particular in a metallic material, connected to the proximal parts of the implants, these wires being engaged in a same catheter then being twisted in order to bring the two implants closer together.


It can also involve wires or strips in metal or in a material using superelasticity, or a shape memory material connecting two implants, able to be shortened after implantation.


The material for insertion of an implant according to the invention includes at least one catheter able to deliver the implant, means for longitudinal movement of the implant in relation to this catheter and means for driving the implant in rotation along the axis of the implant.


The material according to the invention thus enables precise insertion of the implant, using a minimally-invasive approach.


The longitudinal movement means may comprise a push-rod slidingly engaged in the catheter.


The rotational driving means may comprise a wire separably connected to the rear end of the implant.


The separability of the wire connected to the rear end of the implant can in particular be achieved via a removable connection of this wire and this end, in particular using an assembly via reversible locking, being released via traction on the wire.


The percutaneous intervention method according to the invention comprises the steps consisting of:

    • using the implant and the material as mentioned above;
    • bringing the distal opening of the catheter comprised by the material across from the area designed to receive the implant;
    • causing the implant to move forward in relation to the catheter while driving this implant in rotation along its axis, in order to perform screwing of the implant into the annulus of the valve to be treated and/or the cardiac wall adjoining this annulus;
    • if needed, repeat the preceding steps so as to insert as many implants as necessary to perform the desired annuloplasty and/or the strengthening of the annulus.


The step consisting of bringing the distal opening of the catheter across from the area designed to receive the implant may be done by approaching the valve via one or the other of the sides of this valve, in particular, involving the treatment of a mitral valve, either via a ventricular approach or an auricular approach.





The invention will be well understood, and other characteristics and advantages thereof will appear, in reference to the appended diagrammatic drawing, illustrating, as non-limiting examples, several possible embodiments of the implant and the material it concerns.



FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the implant according to a first embodiment;



FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the implant according to a second embodiment;



FIG. 3 is a flat diagrammatic view of a coil of the implant;



FIG. 4 is a flat diagrammatic view of a coil of another implant;



FIG. 5 is a view of a heart in partial cross-section, during a first step of insertion of the implant according to the invention;



FIGS. 6 to 9 are views of four successive steps for insertion of the implant;



FIG. 10 is a view of the implant along a direction perpendicular to FIG. 9;



FIG. 11 is an outline sketch of a mitral valve in which three implants have been inserted;



FIG. 12 is a side view of a push-rod comprised by the material according to the invention;



FIG. 13 is an end view of this push-rod;



FIG. 14 is a view of one variation of embodiment of the material according to the invention;



FIG. 15 is a view of another variation of embodiment of the material according to the invention;



FIGS. 16 and 17 are still further views of another variation of embodiment of the material according to the invention;



FIG. 18 is a view of another embodiment of the implant according to the invention;



FIGS. 19 to 22 are views of yet another embodiment of the implant according to the invention, during four successive steps of insertion;



FIGS. 23 to 30 are views of yet another embodiment of the material according to the invention;



FIG. 31 is a partial perspective view of a heart annulus having a series of implants according to another embodiment, placed in its wall, and



FIG. 32 is an enlarged perspective view of two implants from this series of implants.






FIG. 1 illustrates an implant 1 for treatment of a heart valve, in particular a mitral valve of a heart, this treatment being able to consist of performing an annuloplasty, i.e. reducing a distension of the annulus, or strengthening the annulus of a normal valve.


As illustrated, the implant 1 is formed by a helically wound wire 2 and comprises a conical portion 3 and a cylindrical portion 4. The wound wire 2 forms a plurality of complete coils, where each complete coil is one 360 degree revolution along the helical or spiral shape of the wound wire 2. The conical portion 3 generates complete coils or complete 360 degree revolutions whereof the diameter continuously decreases in the direction of the cylindrical portion 4, which is formed by complete coils having a constant diameter. The conical portion 3 can include at least two complete coils or 360 degree revolutions of continuously decreasing diameter from end 5 as shown in FIG. 1.


The end 5 of the wire 2 at the level of the coil having the largest diameter of the conical portion 3 is pointed, so as to be able to pierce the tissue constituting the annulus of a mitral valve and/or the wall of the ventricle adjoining this annulus.



FIG. 2 illustrates an implant 1 having a similar structure but having a purely conical shape, i.e. comprising coils whereof the diameter decreases from one end of the implant to the other.



FIG. 3 shows that the implant 1 can have circular coils and FIG. 4 shows that the implant 1 can comprise coils having an elliptical shape.



FIGS. 5 to 10 show one possible procedure for inserting one or the other of the aforementioned implants 1.


During a first step, a catheter containing a hollow piercing needle is introduced via the aorta 100, up to the left ventricle 101 then is engaged between the pillars 102 until the distal end of the catheter arrives against the ventricular wall in the immediate vicinity of the annulus 103 of the mitral valve. To follow this journey, the catheter can present appropriate successive curves or can be of the “deflectable” type, i.e. able to be oriented using sliding wires which it comprises in its wall.


Once this catheter is in place, the needle is deployed to pierce the ventricular wall, and a guide wire 10 is slid through this needle to the inside of the left auricular appendix 104.


The catheter is then removed while still keeping the wire 10 in place, and another catheter 11, containing the implant 1, is slid on the wire 10 until its distal opening is in the immediate vicinity of the mitral annulus 103, as shown by FIG. 5.


It appears in FIG. 6 that this catheter 11 comprises two diametrically opposed ducts 12 wherein are engaged and can slide two wires 13 whereof the distal ends are bent. These distal ends are elastically deformable such that they can adopt a substantially rectilinear shape enabling the wires 13 to slide in the ducts 12, and resume their neutral curved shape when they are outside these ducts 12.


Once the distal end of the catheter 11 is in contact with the ventricular wall, these distal ends are deployed outside the ducts 12 and penetrate inside this ventricular wall, ensuring that the catheter 11 is kept in position.


The implant 1 is contained in its stressed state in the catheter 11, and its rear end is removably connected, by reversible locking, to a wire 14. This wire 14 is engaged through a radially offset opening 15 comprised by the distal end wall of a hollow push-rod 16 engaged in the catheter 11, this push-rod 16 being able to pivot in the lumen of the catheter 11.



FIGS. 12 and 13 more particularly show the push-rod 16 and its opening 15.


The push-rod 16 is used to screw the implant 1 into the ventricular wall, i.e. to move this implant 1 longitudinally in relation to the catheter 11 so as to remove the latter while driving it in rotation around its axis. During this screwing, the first coil having the largest diameter first penetrates the ventricular wall and forms a path corresponding to its diameter, which will then be used by the following coil of smaller diameter, and so on (cf. FIGS. 7 and 8). Each coil of smaller diameter then produces a radial contraction of the portion of the ventricular wall located in the perimeter of the path pierced by the first coil. This contraction thus makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the annulus 103, performing, in whole or in part, an annuloplasty and/or a local strengthening of the annulus.


When the implant 1 is completely screwed into the ventricular wall, the push-rod 16 is removed and the wire 14 is separated from the implant 1, by traction so as to release the reversible locking whereby this wire 14 is connected to the implant 1. The wires 13 are then retracted, and the catheter 11 and then the guide wire 10 are removed (cf. FIGS. 9 and 10).


When required by the annuloplasty to be performed, several implants are inserted side by side, in particular three implants in the example shown in FIG. 10.


The wire 2 can be made of a shape memory material such that the coils it forms can naturally go outside the catheter 11 during forward progress of an implant 1 outside this catheter 11.



FIG. 14 shows that the wire 10 can comprise branches 10a deployable by elasticity or shape memory, which make it possible to produce a certain retention of this wire 10 in the auricular appendix 104. These branches 10a can, however, pivot from the side of the free end of the wire 10 when tension is exerted on the latter, such that the removal of this wire remains possible.



FIG. 15 shows that, according to another embodiment of the invention, the wire 10 comprises deployable branches 10b, enabling anchoring of a distal portion 10c of the wire 10 in the ventricular wall, this distal portion 10c being separably connected, in particular by reversible locking, to the rest of the wire 10. This distal portion 10c remains in place after insertion of the implant 1.



FIGS. 16 and 17 show that the implant 1 can be inserted via the auricular side of the mitral valve. The wire is “captured” according to the so-called “lasso” technique by the loop 20a of another wire 20, introduced using a transseptal approach. The wire 10 is then pulled to allow guiding of the catheter 11 by the same transseptal approach, and placement of the implant 1 using a technique similar to that previously described.



FIG. 18 shows, very diagrammatically, a helical implant 1 whereof the coils have a flat ellipsoidal shape. As is understood, each coil defines, in the implantation tissue, a path going through points 25, 26 separated from each other (cf. first angular position illustrated in broken lines); when the implant 1 is rotated a quarter turn (cf. second angular position shown in solid line), the two points 25, 26 are brought closer together, producing the contraction of the tissue located in the central perimeter of the implant.



FIGS. 19 to 22 illustrate an implant 1 having a cylindrical shape, i.e. having coils of a constant diameter, which is made of a shape memory material. After placement of the implant 1 by screwing (cf. FIGS. 18 to 20), a calorific contribution takes place, in particular through the implementation of a difference in potential between the implant and the patient's body. This calorific contribution produces, via shape memory, a reduction in the diameter of the coils of the implant 1, and therefore a contraction of the portion of the wall located in the perimeter of the implant 1.



FIGS. 23 to 26 show another embodiment of the material for inserting the implant 1, wherein the aforementioned hollow piercing needle 29 has lateral lumens 30 arranged through its wall, and wherein the wire 10 is equipped with deployable branches 10a as described above. While the wire 10 is positioned in the needle 29 such that the branches 10a are outside the area of the lumens 30, the needle 29 is introduced through the annulus 103 and is positioned such that its lumens 30 are located beyond the wall of the annulus 103 (cf. FIG. 23); the wire 10 is then slid in the needle 29 to bring the branches 10a across from the lumens 30, which allow deployment of the branches 10a (cf. FIG. 24), then these are brought into contact with the wall of the annulus 103 (cf. FIG. 25); for removal of the wire 10, this wire is slid in relation to the needle 29 until it brings the branches 10a into the portion of this needle located beyond the lumens 30 from the distal side, thereby achieving bending of the branches 10a in the needle 29 and thus allowing removal thereof by sliding.



FIG. 27 shows that, according to one particular embodiment of the invention, the proximal ends of two adjacent implants 1 can be connected to wires 40 engaged in a catheter 41. These wires 40 are in a relatively stiff material able to be twisted, in particular in metal. Tension exerted on the wires 40, then twisting of said wires, produces a contraction of the wall of the annulus 103 located between the implants 1, in addition to the contraction produced by the implants 1 themselves, as shown by FIG. 28. Each wire 40 can in particular be connected to a loop formed by the proximal end of each implant 1, before insertion of the implant.



FIGS. 29 and 30 show the principle of a connection element 42 having a curved shape, able to connect three implants 1. This connection element 42 can go from a first bend, which it has before implantation, to a smaller or rectilinear bend, which it has after implantation, so as to reduce the bend of the portion of the annulus 103 located between the implants.


The connection element 42 can also go, via shape memory, from an elongated shape before implantation to a shortened shape after implantation, in order to produce a contraction of the annulus 103 due to the three implants coming closer together. This connection element 42 thus forms a stiffener.



FIGS. 31 and 32 show that an implant 1 can comprise a front coil 1a of large diameter, and that the coils 1a of several implants 1 can be interconnected upon insertion of several consecutive implants, connecting these implants to each other.


As appears from the preceding, the invention provides an implant for treating a heart valve, in particular a mitral valve of a heart, and a material for inserting this implant, which is completely satisfactory and which makes it possible to perform either annuloplasties or strengthening of valvular annuluses, under the best possible conditions. This implant and this material consequently have determining advantages in relation to the existing techniques.


It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above as an example, but that it extends to all embodiments covered by the appended claims.

Claims
  • 1. Implant for treating a heart valve, in particular a mitral valve of a heart, the implant comprising: a helically wound wire capable of insertion into a wall of an annulus and/or a cardiac wall adjoining the annulus, the helically wound wire further comprising:a conical portion comprising at least one complete coil, each complete coil being one 360 degree revolution of the wound wire, each complete coil of the conical portion having a continuously decreasing diameter from a pointed end for insertion to a non-pointed end of the conical portion, the conical portion capable of insertion into the wall such that a portion of the wall is located within the respective diameter of at least one complete coil and contracted during insertion of the conical portion; anda cylindrical portion attached to the non-pointed end of the conical portion, the cylindrical portion terminating at a terminal non-pointed end opposite the pointed end of the conical portion such that the helically wound wire extends between and terminates at the pointed end of the conical portion and the terminal non-pointed end of the cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion further maintaining contraction of the portion of the wall located within the diameter of the cylindrical portion during implantation of the cylindrical portion.
  • 2. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical portion is located, in the direction of screwing of the implant, in front of the cylindrical portion.
  • 3. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire constituting the implant is in a shape memory material, defining, in a first state, complete coils having a first diameter and, in a second state, complete coils having a second diameter.
  • 4. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire has a same structure along its entire length.
  • 5. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire comprises the conical portion constructed from a first material and the cylindrical portion constructed from a second material different from the first material.
  • 6. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire comprises the conical and cylindrical portions having different structures, for example solid, resistant portions and portions having a thinner cross-section able to break in case of exertion on the implant of stresses directed radially outwardly.
  • 7. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the implant further comprises radiopaque markers enabling visualization of portions of the implant through the body of the patient, in particular markers capable of visualizing an angular orientation of the implant when the implant comprises non-circular coils.
  • 8. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the implant further comprises means ensuring anchoring of the implant in the tissue with regard to screwing or unscrewing.
  • 9. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical portion comprises coils of a consistent diameter.
  • 10. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical portion comprises at least two complete coils of continuously decreasing diameter from the pointed end.
  • 11. Implant for treating a heart valve, in particular a mitral valve of a heart, made up of a helically wound wire, characterized in that: it has dimensions such that it can be screwed into a wall of an annulus and/or into cardiac wall adjoining the annulus so that a portion of the annulus and/or of the wall is located in a perimeter of the implant; andthe implant comprises a plurality of complete coils, each complete coil being one 360 degree revolution of the wound wire, the plurality of complete coils including a first complete coil constructed from a first material and terminating at a pointed end for insertion, the first complete coil able, upon screwing of the implant, to insert itself into the wall and having a first continuously decreasing diameter from the pointed end, wherein the plurality of complete coils includes a second complete coil constructed from a second material different from the first material and terminating at a non-pointed end opposite the pointed end such that the implant extends between and terminates at the pointed end and the non-pointed end of the implant, the second complete coil having a second diameter;after implantation, the second diameter being smaller than the first decreasing diameter such that the implant, once inserted, allows contraction of the wall portion located in the perimeter of the implant.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
07 02889 Apr 2007 FR national
PCT Information
Filing Document Filing Date Country Kind 371c Date
PCT/IB2008/000971 4/14/2008 WO 00 7/21/2010
Publishing Document Publishing Date Country Kind
WO2008/129405 10/30/2008 WO A
US Referenced Citations (637)
Number Name Date Kind
3216424 Chardack Nov 1965 A
3243755 Johnston Mar 1966 A
3334629 Cohn Aug 1967 A
3409013 Berry Nov 1968 A
3416534 Quinn Dec 1968 A
3540431 Mobin-Uddin Nov 1970 A
3587115 Shiley Jun 1971 A
3628535 Ostrowsky et al. Dec 1971 A
3642004 Osthagen et al. Feb 1972 A
3653171 Galloway Apr 1972 A
3657744 Ersek Apr 1972 A
3671979 Moulopoulos Jun 1972 A
3714671 Edwards et al. Feb 1973 A
3755823 Hancock Sep 1973 A
3795246 Sturgeon Mar 1974 A
3839741 Haller Oct 1974 A
3868956 Alfidi et al. Mar 1975 A
3874388 King et al. Apr 1975 A
4000745 Goldberg Jan 1977 A
4035849 Angell et al. Jul 1977 A
4056854 Boretos et al. Nov 1977 A
4106129 Carpentier et al. Aug 1978 A
4149528 Murphy Apr 1979 A
4180080 Murphy Dec 1979 A
4222126 Boretos et al. Sep 1980 A
4233690 Akins Nov 1980 A
4265694 Boretos May 1981 A
4282885 Bisping Aug 1981 A
4291420 Reul Sep 1981 A
4297749 Davis et al. Nov 1981 A
4339831 Johnson Jul 1982 A
4343048 Ross et al. Aug 1982 A
4345340 Rosen Aug 1982 A
4425908 Simon Jan 1984 A
4470157 Love Sep 1984 A
4501030 Lane Feb 1985 A
4574803 Storz Mar 1986 A
4580568 Gianturco Apr 1986 A
4592340 Boyles Jun 1986 A
4610688 Silvestrini et al. Sep 1986 A
4612011 Kautzky Sep 1986 A
4647283 Carpentier et al. Mar 1987 A
4648881 Carpentier et al. Mar 1987 A
4655771 Wallsten Apr 1987 A
4662885 DiPisa, Jr. May 1987 A
4665906 Jervis May 1987 A
4681908 Broderick et al. Jul 1987 A
4710192 Liotta et al. Dec 1987 A
4733665 Palmaz Mar 1988 A
4777951 Cribier et al. Oct 1988 A
4787899 Lazarus Nov 1988 A
4787901 Baykut Nov 1988 A
4796629 Grayzel Jan 1989 A
4819751 Shimada et al. Apr 1989 A
4832051 Jarvik et al. May 1989 A
4834755 Silvestrini et al. May 1989 A
4856516 Hillstead Aug 1989 A
4872874 Taheri Oct 1989 A
4878495 Grayzel Nov 1989 A
4878906 Lindemann et al. Nov 1989 A
4883458 Shiber Nov 1989 A
4909252 Goldberger Mar 1990 A
4917102 Miller et al. Apr 1990 A
4922905 Strecker May 1990 A
4954126 Wallsten Sep 1990 A
4966604 Reiss Oct 1990 A
4979939 Shiber Dec 1990 A
4986830 Owens et al. Jan 1991 A
4994077 Dobben Feb 1991 A
5002559 Tower Mar 1991 A
5007896 Shiber Apr 1991 A
5026366 Leckrone Jun 1991 A
5032128 Alonso Jul 1991 A
5037434 Lane Aug 1991 A
5047041 Samuels Sep 1991 A
5059177 Towne et al. Oct 1991 A
5061273 Yock Oct 1991 A
5076285 Hess et al. Dec 1991 A
5085635 Cragg Feb 1992 A
5089015 Ross Feb 1992 A
5152771 Sabbaghian et al. Oct 1992 A
5161547 Tower Nov 1992 A
5163953 Vince Nov 1992 A
5167628 Boyles Dec 1992 A
5217483 Tower Jun 1993 A
5232445 Bonzel Aug 1993 A
5272909 Nguyen et al. Dec 1993 A
5295958 Shturman Mar 1994 A
5327774 Nguyen et al. Jul 1994 A
5332402 Teitelbaum et al. Jul 1994 A
5350398 Pavcnik et al. Sep 1994 A
5370685 Stevens Dec 1994 A
5389106 Tower Feb 1995 A
5397351 Pavcnik et al. Mar 1995 A
5411552 Andersen et al. May 1995 A
5415633 Lazarus et al. May 1995 A
5431676 Dubrul et al. Jul 1995 A
5443446 Shturman Aug 1995 A
5449384 Johnson Sep 1995 A
5480424 Cox Jan 1996 A
5489294 McVenes et al. Feb 1996 A
5489297 Duran Feb 1996 A
5496346 Horzewski et al. Mar 1996 A
5500014 Quijano et al. Mar 1996 A
5507767 Maeda et al. Apr 1996 A
5545209 Roberts et al. Aug 1996 A
5545211 An et al. Aug 1996 A
5545214 Stevens Aug 1996 A
5554185 Block et al. Sep 1996 A
5575818 Pinchuk Nov 1996 A
5580922 Park et al. Dec 1996 A
5591195 Taheri et al. Jan 1997 A
5609626 Quijano et al. Mar 1997 A
5645559 Hachtman et al. Jul 1997 A
5665115 Cragg Sep 1997 A
5667523 Bynon et al. Sep 1997 A
5674277 Freitag Oct 1997 A
5695498 Tower Dec 1997 A
5702368 Stevens et al. Dec 1997 A
5713953 Vallana et al. Feb 1998 A
5716390 Li Feb 1998 A
5716391 Grandjean Feb 1998 A
5716417 Girard et al. Feb 1998 A
5746709 Rom et al. May 1998 A
5749890 Shaknovich May 1998 A
5766151 Valley et al. Jun 1998 A
5782809 Umeno et al. Jul 1998 A
5800456 Maeda et al. Sep 1998 A
5800508 Goicoechea et al. Sep 1998 A
5817126 Imran Oct 1998 A
5824041 Lenker Oct 1998 A
5824043 Cottone, Jr. Oct 1998 A
5824053 Khosravi et al. Oct 1998 A
5824056 Rosenberg Oct 1998 A
5824061 Quijano et al. Oct 1998 A
5824064 Taheri Oct 1998 A
5837007 Altman et al. Nov 1998 A
5840081 Andersen et al. Nov 1998 A
5843158 Lenker et al. Dec 1998 A
5851232 Lois Dec 1998 A
5855597 Jayaraman Jan 1999 A
5855601 Bessler et al. Jan 1999 A
5860966 Tower Jan 1999 A
5861028 Angell Jan 1999 A
5868783 Tower Feb 1999 A
5871531 Struble Feb 1999 A
5876448 Thompson et al. Mar 1999 A
5888201 Stinson et al. Mar 1999 A
5891191 Stinson Apr 1999 A
5906619 Olson et al. May 1999 A
5907893 Zadno-Azizi et al. Jun 1999 A
5913842 Boyd et al. Jun 1999 A
5925063 Khosravi Jul 1999 A
5944738 Amplatz et al. Aug 1999 A
5957949 Leonhardt et al. Sep 1999 A
5968068 Dehdashtian et al. Oct 1999 A
5984957 Laptewicz, Jr. et al. Nov 1999 A
5997573 Quijano et al. Dec 1999 A
6022370 Tower Feb 2000 A
6027525 Suh et al. Feb 2000 A
6029671 Stevens et al. Feb 2000 A
6042589 Marianne Mar 2000 A
6042598 Tsugita et al. Mar 2000 A
6042607 Williamson, IV Mar 2000 A
6051014 Jang Apr 2000 A
6059809 Amor et al. May 2000 A
6110201 Quijano et al. Aug 2000 A
6146366 Schachar Nov 2000 A
6159239 Greenhalgh Dec 2000 A
6162208 Hipps Dec 2000 A
6162245 Jayaraman Dec 2000 A
6168614 Andersen et al. Jan 2001 B1
6171335 Wheatley et al. Jan 2001 B1
6200336 Pavcnik et al. Mar 2001 B1
6203550 Olson Mar 2001 B1
6210408 Chandrasekaran et al. Apr 2001 B1
6218662 Tchakarov et al. Apr 2001 B1
6221006 Dubrul et al. Apr 2001 B1
6221091 Khosravi Apr 2001 B1
6241757 An et al. Jun 2001 B1
6245102 Jayaraman Jun 2001 B1
6248116 Chevilon et al. Jun 2001 B1
6258114 Konya et al. Jul 2001 B1
6258115 Dubrul Jul 2001 B1
6258120 McKenzie et al. Jul 2001 B1
6277555 Duran et al. Aug 2001 B1
6299637 Shaolia et al. Oct 2001 B1
6302906 Goicoechea et al. Oct 2001 B1
6309382 Garrison et al. Oct 2001 B1
6309417 Spence et al. Oct 2001 B1
6338735 Stevens Jan 2002 B1
6348063 Yassour et al. Feb 2002 B1
6350277 Kocur Feb 2002 B1
6352708 Duran et al. Mar 2002 B1
6371970 Khosravi et al. Apr 2002 B1
6371983 Lane Apr 2002 B1
6379383 Palmaz et al. Apr 2002 B1
6380457 Yurek et al. Apr 2002 B1
6398807 Chouinard et al. Jun 2002 B1
6409750 Hyodoh et al. Jun 2002 B1
6425916 Garrison et al. Jul 2002 B1
6440164 DiMatteo et al. Aug 2002 B1
6454799 Schreck Sep 2002 B1
6458153 Bailey et al. Oct 2002 B1
6461382 Cao Oct 2002 B1
6468303 Amplatz et al. Oct 2002 B1
6475239 Campbell et al. Nov 2002 B1
6482228 Norred Nov 2002 B1
6488704 Connelly et al. Dec 2002 B1
6494909 Greenhalgh Dec 2002 B2
6503272 Duerig et al. Jan 2003 B2
6508833 Pavcnik et al. Jan 2003 B2
6527800 McGuckin, Jr. et al. Mar 2003 B1
6530949 Konya et al. Mar 2003 B2
6530952 Vesely Mar 2003 B2
6562031 Chandrasekaran et al. May 2003 B2
6562058 Seguin et al. May 2003 B2
6569196 Vesely May 2003 B1
6585758 Chouinard et al. Jul 2003 B1
6592546 Barbut et al. Jul 2003 B1
6605112 Moll et al. Aug 2003 B1
6613077 Gilligan et al. Sep 2003 B2
6622604 Chouinard et al. Sep 2003 B1
6635068 Dubrul et al. Oct 2003 B1
6652571 White et al. Nov 2003 B1
6652578 Bailey et al. Nov 2003 B2
6656213 Solem Dec 2003 B2
6663663 Kim et al. Dec 2003 B2
6669724 Park et al. Dec 2003 B2
6673089 Yassour et al. Jan 2004 B1
6673109 Cox Jan 2004 B2
6676698 McGuckin, Jr. et al. Jan 2004 B2
6682558 Tu et al. Jan 2004 B2
6682559 Myers et al. Jan 2004 B2
6685739 DiMatteo et al. Feb 2004 B2
6689144 Gerberding Feb 2004 B2
6689164 Seguin Feb 2004 B1
6692512 Jang Feb 2004 B2
6692513 Streeter et al. Feb 2004 B2
6695878 McGuckin, Jr. et al. Feb 2004 B2
6702851 Chinn et al. Mar 2004 B1
6719789 Cox Apr 2004 B2
6730118 Spenser et al. May 2004 B2
6730377 Wang May 2004 B2
6733525 Yang et al. May 2004 B2
6736846 Cox May 2004 B2
6752828 Thornton Jun 2004 B2
6758855 Fulton, III et al. Jul 2004 B2
6769434 Liddicoat et al. Aug 2004 B2
6786925 Schoon Sep 2004 B1
6790229 Berreklouw Sep 2004 B1
6792979 Konya et al. Sep 2004 B2
6797002 Spence Sep 2004 B2
6821297 Snyders Nov 2004 B2
6830575 Stenzel et al. Dec 2004 B2
6830584 Seguin Dec 2004 B1
6830585 Artof Dec 2004 B1
6846325 Liddicoat Jan 2005 B2
6866650 Stevens Mar 2005 B2
6872223 Roberts Mar 2005 B2
6875231 Anduiza et al. Apr 2005 B2
6883522 Spence et al. Apr 2005 B2
6887266 Williams et al. May 2005 B2
6890330 Streeter et al. May 2005 B2
6893460 Spenser et al. May 2005 B2
6896690 Lambrecht et al. May 2005 B1
6908481 Cribier Jun 2005 B2
6913600 Valley et al. Jul 2005 B2
6929653 Streeter Aug 2005 B2
6931286 Sigg et al. Aug 2005 B2
6936066 Palmaz et al. Aug 2005 B2
6939365 Fogarty et al. Sep 2005 B1
6951571 Srivastava Oct 2005 B1
6974474 Pavcnik et al. Dec 2005 B2
6974476 McGuckin et al. Dec 2005 B2
6986742 Hart et al. Jan 2006 B2
6986784 Weiser et al. Jan 2006 B1
6989027 Allen et al. Jan 2006 B2
6989028 Lashinski et al. Jan 2006 B2
6991649 Sievers Jan 2006 B2
7018401 Hyodoh et al. Mar 2006 B1
7027876 Casavant et al. Apr 2006 B2
7041128 McGuckin, Jr. et al. May 2006 B2
7044966 Svanidze et al. May 2006 B2
7048014 Hyodoh et al. May 2006 B2
7097659 Woolfson et al. Aug 2006 B2
7101396 Artof et al. Sep 2006 B2
7105016 Shiu et al. Sep 2006 B2
7115141 Menz et al. Oct 2006 B2
7128759 Osborne et al. Oct 2006 B2
7147663 Berg et al. Dec 2006 B1
7153324 Case et al. Dec 2006 B2
7160319 Chouinard et al. Jan 2007 B2
7175656 Khairkhahan Feb 2007 B2
7186265 Sharkawy et al. Mar 2007 B2
7195641 Palmaz et al. Mar 2007 B2
7198646 Figulla et al. Apr 2007 B2
7201761 Woolfson et al. Apr 2007 B2
7201772 Schwammenthal et al. Apr 2007 B2
7252682 Seguin Aug 2007 B2
7300457 Palmaz Nov 2007 B2
7300463 Liddicoat Nov 2007 B2
7316706 Bloom et al. Jan 2008 B2
7329278 Seguin Feb 2008 B2
7335218 Wilson et al. Feb 2008 B2
7338520 Bailey et al. Mar 2008 B2
7374571 Pease et al. May 2008 B2
7377938 Sarac et al. May 2008 B2
7381218 Shreck Jun 2008 B2
7384411 Condado Jun 2008 B1
7429269 Schwammenthal et al. Sep 2008 B2
7442204 Schwammenthal et al. Oct 2008 B2
7462191 Spenser et al. Dec 2008 B2
7470284 Lambrecht et al. Dec 2008 B2
7481838 Carpentier et al. Jan 2009 B2
7544206 Cohn et al. Jun 2009 B2
7547322 Sarac et al. Jun 2009 B2
7556646 Yang et al. Jul 2009 B2
7720550 Sommer et al. May 2010 B2
7824704 Anderson et al. Nov 2010 B2
7976862 Anderson et al. Jul 2011 B2
8021680 Anderson et al. Sep 2011 B2
8034369 Anderson et al. Oct 2011 B2
8099177 Dahlberg Jan 2012 B2
8246974 Chappa Aug 2012 B2
8623049 Ward Jan 2014 B2
20010001314 Davison et al. May 2001 A1
20010002445 Vesely May 2001 A1
20010007956 Letac et al. Jul 2001 A1
20010010017 Letac et al. Jul 2001 A1
20010011189 Drasler et al. Aug 2001 A1
20010021872 Bailey et al. Sep 2001 A1
20010025196 Chinn et al. Sep 2001 A1
20010032013 Marton Oct 2001 A1
20010039450 Pavcnik et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010041928 Pavcnik et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010044647 Pinchuk et al. Nov 2001 A1
20020010481 Jayaraman Jan 2002 A1
20020010508 Chobotov Jan 2002 A1
20020029014 Jayaraman Mar 2002 A1
20020032480 Spence et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020032481 Gabbay Mar 2002 A1
20020035396 Heath Mar 2002 A1
20020042650 Vardi et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020052651 Myers et al. May 2002 A1
20020058995 Stevens May 2002 A1
20020072789 Hackett et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020095209 Zadno-Azizi et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020099437 Anson Jul 2002 A1
20020099439 Schwartz et al. Jul 2002 A1
20020103533 Langberg et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020107565 Greenhalgh Aug 2002 A1
20020111674 Chouinard et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020123802 Snyders Sep 2002 A1
20020133183 Lentz et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020138138 Yang Sep 2002 A1
20020151970 Garrison et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020161392 Dubrul Oct 2002 A1
20020161394 Macoviak et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020193871 Beyersdorf et al. Dec 2002 A1
20030014104 Cribier Jan 2003 A1
20030023300 Bailey et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030023303 Palmaz et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030028247 Cali Feb 2003 A1
20030036791 Philipp et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030040771 Hyodoh et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030040772 Hyodoh et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030040792 Gabbay Feb 2003 A1
20030050694 Yang et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030055495 Pease et al. Mar 2003 A1
20030065386 Weadock Apr 2003 A1
20030069492 Abrams et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030109924 Cribier Jun 2003 A1
20030125795 Pavcnik et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030130726 Thorpe et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030130729 Paniagua et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030139804 Hankh et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030149475 Hyodoh et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030149476 Damm et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030149478 Figulla et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030153974 Spenser et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030181850 Diamond et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030191519 Lombardi et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030199913 Dubrul et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030199963 Tower et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030199971 Tower et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030212410 Stenzel et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030212454 Scott et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030225445 Derus et al. Dec 2003 A1
20040019374 Hojeibane et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040034411 Quijano et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040039436 Spenser et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040049224 Buehlmann et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040049262 Obermiller et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040049266 Anduiza et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040082904 Houde et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040088045 Cox May 2004 A1
20040092858 Wilson et al. May 2004 A1
20040092989 Wilson et al. May 2004 A1
20040093005 Durcan May 2004 A1
20040093060 Seguin et al. May 2004 A1
20040093075 Kuehn May 2004 A1
20040097788 Mourlas et al. May 2004 A1
20040098112 DiMatteo et al. May 2004 A1
20040106976 Bailey et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040106990 Spence et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040111096 Tu et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040116951 Rosengart Jun 2004 A1
20040117004 Osborne et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040122468 Yodfat et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040122514 Fogarty et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040122516 Fogarty Jun 2004 A1
20040127979 Wilson Jul 2004 A1
20040138742 Myers et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040138743 Myers et al. Jul 2004 A1
20040153146 Lashinski et al. Aug 2004 A1
20040167573 Williamson Aug 2004 A1
20040167620 Ortiz Aug 2004 A1
20040186563 Iobbi Sep 2004 A1
20040193261 Berreklouw Sep 2004 A1
20040210240 Saint Oct 2004 A1
20040210304 Seguin et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040210307 Khairkhahan Oct 2004 A1
20040215333 Duran Oct 2004 A1
20040215339 Drasler et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040225353 McGuckin, Jr. Nov 2004 A1
20040225354 Allen Nov 2004 A1
20040254636 Flagle et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040260389 Case et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040260394 Douk et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040267357 Allen et al. Dec 2004 A1
20050010246 Streeter Jan 2005 A1
20050010285 Lambrecht et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050010287 Macoviak Jan 2005 A1
20050015112 Cohn et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050027348 Case et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050033398 Seguin Feb 2005 A1
20050043790 Seguin Feb 2005 A1
20050049692 Numamoto Mar 2005 A1
20050049696 Siess Mar 2005 A1
20050055088 Liddicoat et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050060029 Le Mar 2005 A1
20050060030 Lashinski et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050075584 Cali Apr 2005 A1
20050075712 Biancucci Apr 2005 A1
20050075717 Nguyen Apr 2005 A1
20050075719 Bergheim Apr 2005 A1
20050075724 Svanidze Apr 2005 A1
20050075727 Wheatley Apr 2005 A1
20050075730 Myers Apr 2005 A1
20050075731 Artof Apr 2005 A1
20050085841 Eversull et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050085842 Eversull et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050085843 Opolski et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050085890 Rasmussen et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050085900 Case et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050096568 Kato May 2005 A1
20050096692 Linder et al. May 2005 A1
20050096724 Stenzel et al. May 2005 A1
20050096734 Majercak et al. May 2005 A1
20050096735 Hojeibane et al. May 2005 A1
20050096736 Osse et al. May 2005 A1
20050096738 Cali et al. May 2005 A1
20050107871 Realyvasquez et al. May 2005 A1
20050113910 Paniagua May 2005 A1
20050119688 Bergheim Jun 2005 A1
20050131438 Cohn Jun 2005 A1
20050131511 Westlund Jun 2005 A1
20050137686 Salahieh Jun 2005 A1
20050137688 Salahieh et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050137692 Haug Jun 2005 A1
20050137695 Salahieh Jun 2005 A1
20050137701 Salahieh Jun 2005 A1
20050143807 Pavcnik et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050143809 Salahieh Jun 2005 A1
20050148997 Valley et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050149181 Eberhardt Jul 2005 A1
20050154252 Sharkey et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050165477 Anduiza et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050187616 Realyvasquez Aug 2005 A1
20050197695 Stacchino et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050203549 Realyvasquez Sep 2005 A1
20050203605 Dolan Sep 2005 A1
20050203618 Sharkawy Sep 2005 A1
20050222674 Paine Oct 2005 A1
20050228495 Macoviak Oct 2005 A1
20050234546 Nugent Oct 2005 A1
20050240200 Bergheim Oct 2005 A1
20050240263 Fogarty et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050261759 Lambrecht et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050283962 Boudjemline Dec 2005 A1
20060004439 Spenser et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060004469 Sokel Jan 2006 A1
20060009841 McGuckin et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060047333 Tockman et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060052867 Revuelta et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060058775 Stevens et al. Mar 2006 A1
20060089711 Dolan Apr 2006 A1
20060100685 Seguin et al. May 2006 A1
20060116757 Lashinski et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060135964 Vesely Jun 2006 A1
20060142848 Gabbay Jun 2006 A1
20060167474 Bloom et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060178740 Stacchino et al. Aug 2006 A1
20060195134 Crittenden Aug 2006 A1
20060206192 Tower et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060206202 Bonhoeffer et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060212111 Case et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060247763 Slater Nov 2006 A1
20060259134 Schwammenthal et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060259136 Nguyen et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060259137 Artof et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060265056 Nguyen et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060271166 Thill et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060271175 Woolfson et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060276874 Wilson et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060276882 Case et al. Dec 2006 A1
20060282161 Huynh et al. Dec 2006 A1
20070005129 Damm et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070005131 Taylor Jan 2007 A1
20070010878 Raffiee et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070016286 Herrmann et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070027518 Case et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070027533 Douk Feb 2007 A1
20070038295 Case et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070043415 Junge et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070043431 Melsheimer Feb 2007 A1
20070043435 Seguin et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070051377 Douk et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070067027 Moaddeb et al. Mar 2007 A1
20070073392 Heyninck-Janitz Mar 2007 A1
20070078509 Lotfy et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070078510 Ryan Apr 2007 A1
20070088431 Bourang et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070093869 Bloom et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070100439 Cangialosi May 2007 A1
20070100440 Figulla May 2007 A1
20070100449 O'Neil et al. May 2007 A1
20070112415 Bartlett May 2007 A1
20070162102 Ryan et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070162113 Sharkawy et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070185513 Woolfson et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070203391 Bloom et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070225681 House Sep 2007 A1
20070232898 Huynh et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070233228 Eberhardt et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070233237 Krivoruchko Oct 2007 A1
20070233238 Huynh et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070238979 Huynh et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070239254 Marchand et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070239265 Birdsall Oct 2007 A1
20070239266 Birdsall Oct 2007 A1
20070239269 Dolan et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070239273 Allen Oct 2007 A1
20070244544 Birdsall et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070244545 Birdsall et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070244546 Francis Oct 2007 A1
20070244553 Rafiee et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070244554 Rafiee et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070244555 Rafiee et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070244556 Rafiee et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070244557 Rafiee et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070250160 Rafiee Oct 2007 A1
20070255394 Ryan Nov 2007 A1
20070255396 Douk et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070288000 Bonan Dec 2007 A1
20080004696 Vesely Jan 2008 A1
20080009940 Cribier Jan 2008 A1
20080015671 Bonhoeffer Jan 2008 A1
20080021552 Gabbay Jan 2008 A1
20080048656 Tan Feb 2008 A1
20080065011 Marchand et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080065206 Liddicoat Mar 2008 A1
20080071361 Tuval et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080071362 Tuval et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080071363 Tuval et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080071366 Tuval et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080071368 Tuval et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080077234 Styrc Mar 2008 A1
20080082165 Wilson et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080082166 Styrc et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080133003 Seguin et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080140189 Nguyen et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080147105 Wilson et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080147180 Ghione et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080147181 Ghione et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080147182 Righini et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080154355 Benichow et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080154356 Obermiller et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080161910 Revuelta et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080161911 Revuelta et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080183273 Mesana et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080188928 Salahieh et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080215143 Seguin et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080215144 Ryan et al. Sep 2008 A1
20080228254 Ryan Sep 2008 A1
20080228263 Ryan Sep 2008 A1
20080234797 Styrc Sep 2008 A1
20080243246 Ryan et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255651 Dwork Oct 2008 A1
20080255660 Guyenot et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080255661 Straubinger et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080262593 Ryan et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080269878 Iobbi Oct 2008 A1
20090005863 Goetz et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090012600 Styrc et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090048656 Wen Feb 2009 A1
20090054976 Tuval et al. Feb 2009 A1
20090069886 Suri et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090069887 Righini et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090069889 Suri et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090085900 Weiner Apr 2009 A1
20090099653 Suri et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090138079 Tuval et al. May 2009 A1
20090164004 Cohn Jun 2009 A1
20090171447 VonSeggesser et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090192585 Bloom et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090192586 Tabor et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090192591 Ryan et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090198316 Laske et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090216310 Straubinger et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090216312 Straubinger et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090216313 Straubinger et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090234443 Ottma et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090240264 Tuval et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090240320 Tuval Sep 2009 A1
20090240326 Wilson et al. Sep 2009 A1
20090287296 Manasse Nov 2009 A1
20100030328 Seguin et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100036479 Hill et al. Feb 2010 A1
20100094411 Tuval et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100100167 Bortlein et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100131054 Tuval et al. May 2010 A1
20100137979 Tuval et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100161045 Righini Jun 2010 A1
20100234940 Dolan Sep 2010 A1
20120296417 Hill et al. Nov 2012 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (45)
Number Date Country
2007-100074433 Jan 2007 CN
3640745 Jun 1987 DE
195 32 846 Mar 1997 DE
195 46 692 Jun 1997 DE
195 46 692 Jun 1997 DE
198 57 887 Jul 2000 DE
199 07 646 Aug 2000 DE
100 49 812 Apr 2002 DE
100 49 813 Apr 2002 DE
100 49 815 Apr 2002 DE
1057460 Jun 2000 EP
1255510 Nov 2002 EP
1469797 Nov 2005 EP
2788217 Dec 1999 FR
2815844 May 2000 FR
2056023 Mar 1981 GB
2433700 Dec 2007 GB
1271508 Nov 1986 SU
9529640 Nov 1995 WO
0047136 Aug 2000 WO
0135870 May 2001 WO
0149213 Jul 2001 WO
0154625 Aug 2001 WO
0162189 Aug 2001 WO
0164137 Sep 2001 WO
0222054 Mar 2002 WO
0236048 May 2002 WO
03003943 Jan 2003 WO
03003949 Jan 2003 WO
03011195 Feb 2003 WO
2004019825 Mar 2004 WO
2004089250 Oct 2004 WO
2005004753 Jan 2005 WO
2005046528 May 2005 WO
2006026371 Mar 2006 WO
2008047354 Apr 2008 WO
2008138584 Nov 2008 WO
2008150529 Dec 2008 WO
2009002548 Dec 2008 WO
2009029199 Mar 2009 WO
2009042196 Apr 2009 WO
2009045338 Apr 2009 WO
2009061389 May 2009 WO
2009091509 Jul 2009 WO
2009111241 Sep 2009 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (66)
Entry
Andersen, H.R. et al, “Transluminal implantation of artificial heart valves. Description of a new expandable aortic valve and initial results with implantation by catheter technique in closed chest pigs.” Euro. Heart J. (1992) 13:704-708.
Babaliaros, et al., “State of the Art Percutaneous Intervention for the Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease: A Review of the Current Technologies and Ongoing Research in the Field of Percutaneous Heart Valve Replacement and Repair,” Cardiology 2007; 107:87-96.
Bailey, “Percutaneous Expandable Prosthetic Valves,” In: Topol EJ, ed. Textbook of Interventional Cardiology. vol. II. Second edition. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994:1268-1276.
Block, et al., “Percutaneous Approaches to Valvular Heart Disease,” Current Cardiology Reports, vol. 7 (2005) pp. 108-113.
Bonhoeffer, et al, “Percutaneous Insertion of the Pulmonary Valve,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology (United States), May 15, 2002, pp. 1664-1669.
Bonhoeffer, et al, “Percutaneous Replacement of Pulmonary Valve in a Right-Ventricle to Pulmonary-Artery Prosthetic Conduit with Valve Dysfunction,” Lancet (England), Oct. 21, 2000, pp. 1403-1405.
Bonhoeffer, et al, “Transcatheter Implantation of a Bovine Valve in Pulmonary Position: A Lamb Study,” Circulation (United States), Aug. 15, 2000, pp. 813-816.
Boudjemline, et al, “Images in Cardiovascular Medicine. Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement in Animals,” Circulation (United States), Mar. 16, 2004, 109, p. el61.
Boudjemline, et al, “Is Percutaneous Implantation of a Bovine Venous Valve in the Inferior Vena Cava a Reliable Technique to Treat Chronic Venous Insufficiency Syndrome?” Medical Science Monitor—International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research (Poland), Mar. 2004, pp. BR61-BR66.
Boudjemline, et al, “Off-pump Replacement of the Pulmonary Valve in Large Right Ventricular Outflow Tracts: A Hybrid Approach,” Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (United States), Apr. 2005, pp. 831-837.
Boudjemline, et al, “Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement: Will We Get There?” Heart (British Cardiac Society) (England), Dec. 2001, pp. 705-706.
Boudjemline, et al, “Percutancous Implantation of a Biological Valve in the Aorta to Treat Aortic Valve Insufficiency—A Sheep Study,” Medical Science Monitor—International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research (Poland) Apr. 2002, pp. BR113-BR116.
Boudjemline, et al, “Percutaneous Implantation of a Biological Valve in Aortic Position: Preliminary Results in a Sheep Study,” European Heart Journal 22, Sep. 2001, p. 630.
Boudjemline, et al, “Percutancous Implantation of a Valve in the Descending Aorta in Lambs,” European Heart Journal (England), Jul. 2002, pp. 1045-1049.
Boudjemline, et al, “Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Replacement in a Large Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: An Experimental Study,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology (United States), Mar. 17, 2004, pp. 1082-1087.
Boudjemline, et al, “Percutaneous Valve Insertion: A New Approach,” Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (United States), Mar. 2003, pp. 741-742.
Boudjemline, et al, “Stent Implantation Combined with a Valve Replacement to Treat Degenerated Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Prosthetic Conduits,” European Heart Journal 22, Sep. 2001, p. 355.
Boudjemline, et al, “Steps Toward Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement,” Circulation (United States), Feb. 12, 2002, pp. 775-778.
Boudjemline, et al, “The Percutaneous Implantable Heart Valve,” Progress in Pediatric Cardiology (Ireland), 2001, pp. 89-93.
Boudjemline, et al, “Transcatheter Reconstruction of the Right Heart,” Cardiology in the Young (England), Jun. 2003, pp. 308-311.
Coats, et al, “The Potential Impact of Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Stent Implantation on Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Re-Intervention,” European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (England), Apr. 2005, pp. 536-543.
Cribier, A. et al, “Percutaneous Transcatheter Implantation of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis for Calcific Aortic Stenosis: First Human Case Description,” Circulation (2002) 3006-3008.
Davidson et al., “Percutaneous therapies for valvular heart disease,” Cardiovascular Pathology 15 (2006) 123-129.
Hanzel, et al., “Complications of percutaneous aortic valve replacement: experience with the Criber-Edwards™ percutaneous heart valve,” EuroIntervention Supplements (2006), 1 (Supplement A) A3-A8.
Huber, et al., “Do Valved Stents Compromise Coronary Flow?” Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2004;25:754-759.
Khambadkone, “Nonsurgical Pulmonary Valve Replacement: Why, When, and How?” Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions—Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions (United States), Jul. 2004, pp. 401-408.
Khambadkone, et al, “Percutaneous Implantation of Pulmonary Valves,” Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy (England), Nov. 2003, pp. 541-548.
Khambadkone, et al, “Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation: Early and Medium Term Results,” Circulation 108 (17 Supplement), Oct. 28, 2003, p. IV-375.
Khambadkone, et al, “Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation; Impact of Morphology on Case Selection,” Circulation 108 (17 Supplement), Oct. 28, 2003, p. IV-642-IV-643.
Lutter, et al, “Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement: An Experimental Study. I. Studies on Implantation,” The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Apr. 2002, pp. 768-776.
Lutter, et al, “Percutaneous Valve Replacement: Current State and Future Prospects,” Annals of Thoracic Surgery (Netherlands), Dec. 2004, pp. 2199-2206.
Medtech Insight, “New Frontiers in Heart Valve Disease,” vol. 7, No. 8 (2005).
Palacios, “Percutaneous Valve Replacement and Repair, Fiction or Reality?” Journal of American College of Cardiology, vol. 44, No. 8 (2004) pp. 1662-1663.
Pelton et al., “Medical Uses of Nitinol,” Materials Science Forum vols. 327-328, pp. 63-70 (2000).
Ruiz, “Transcathether Aortic Valve Implantation and Mitral Valve Repair: State of the Art,” Pediatric Cardiology, vol. 26, No. 3 (2005).
Saliba, et al, “Treatment of Obstructions of Prosthetic Conduits by Percutaneous Implantation of Stents,” Archives des Maldies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux (France), 1999, pp. 591-596.
Webb, et al., “Percutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation Retrograde from the Femoral Artery,” Circulation (2006), 113;842-850.
Stassano et al., “Mid-term results of the valve-on-valve technique for bioprosthetic failure,” Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2000; 18:453-457.
Expert report of Dr. Nigel Buller, dated Jan. 12, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (83 pages).
Expert report of Dr. Nigel Buller, non-confidential annex—infringement, dated Jan. 12, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (12 pages).
Expert report of Dr. Rodolfo Quijano, dated Jan. 9, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (18 pages).
First Expert report of Prof. David Williams, dated Jan. 12, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (41 pages).
First Expert report of Prof. Martin Rothman, dated Jan. 12, 2009, Edwards Lifesciences and Cook Biotech, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (64 pages).
Fourth Expert report of Prof. Martin Rothman, dated Apr. 22, 2009, Edwards Lifesciences and Cook Biotech, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (10 pages).
Second Expert report of Dr. Nigel Buller, dated Feb. 25, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (24 pages).
Second Expert report of Dr. Rodolfo Quijano, dated Feb. 26, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No, HC 08CO0934 (6 pages).
Second Expert report of Prof. David Williams, dated Feb. 5, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (15 pages).
Second Expert report of Prof. Martin Rothman, dated Feb. 5, 2009, Edwards Lifesciences and Cook Biotech, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (11 pages).
Third Expert report of Dr. Nigel Buller, dated Apr. 21, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (6 pages).
Third Expert report of Dr. Rudolto Quijano, dated Apr. 27, 2009 Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (3 pages).
Third Expert report of Prof. David Williams, dated Apr. 22, 2009, Edwards' United Kingdom action for invalidity, Claim No. HC 08CO0934 (9 pages).
Pavcnik et al., “Aortic and venous valve for percutaneous insertion,” Min. Invas. Ther. & Allied Techol. 2000, vol. 9, pp. 287-292.
First Expert report of Dr. Nigel Person Buller (30 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Second Expert report of Dr. Nigel Person Buller (5 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Drawing by Dr. Buller (Edwards Expert) of his interpretation of the “higher stent” referred to at col. 8, lines 13-222 of Andersen EP 592410B1 (1 page), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Drawing by Dr. Buller (Edwards Expert) of “higher stent” on the schematic representation of the aortic valve area set out in Figure 2 of Rothman's first expert report (1 page), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
First Expert report of Professor John R. Pepper (20 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Second Expert report of Professor John R. Pepper (3 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
First Expert report of Dr. Anthony C. Lunn (7 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
First Witness statement of Stanton Rowe (9 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Second Witness statement of Stanton Rowe (3 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
PVT slides naming Alain Cribier, Martin Leon, Stan Rabinovich and Stanton Rowe (16 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lifesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Expert Rebuttal Report of Prof. Martin T. Rothman (32 pages) redacted, Edwards v. CoreValve, U.S. District Court, District of Delaware, Case No. 08-091, dated Jul. 29, 2009.
Expert Report of Prof. Martin T. Rothman (74 pages) redacted, Edwards v. CoreValve, U.S. District Court, District of Delaware, Case No. 08-091, dated Jun. 29, 2009.
First Expert report of Richard A. Hillstead (41 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Lijesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court ofJustice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Reply Expert report of Richard A. Hillstead (9 pages), Corevalve, Inc. v. Edwards Litesciences AG and Edwards Lifesciences PVT, Inc., High Court of Justice—Chancery Division Patents Court, United Kingdom, Case No. HC-07-C01243.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20100292785 A1 Nov 2010 US
Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
60907907 Apr 2007 US