The present disclosure relates to implant surface treatment; more particularly, relates to treating surface of an implant stem or abutment while growths of a bone cell (MC3T3-E1), a fibroblast (NIH 3T3) and an epidermal cell (XB-2) are concerned and calcium ions are provided for improving implant success ratio.
Titanium (Ti) metal or Ti alloy has good mechanical strength, chemical stability and biological compatibility, and thus is widely used in dental implantation for its good corrosion resistance ability. But, high density of aluminum ions from Ti alloy may relates to Alzheimer's disease; and vanadium from Ti alloy may cause toxicity in cell. Since the biological compatibility of Ti metal is strongly related to oxidized surface structure, surface type and chemical composition, different metal surface treatments are developed for better surface characteristics and stronger binding between implant and bone tissues.
Many methods are used in creating a rough implant surface, like plasma-spraying, grit-blasting, acid etching and anodization. Titanium plasma-spraying (TPS) and grit-blasting create three dimensional roughness implant surface for improving bone anchorage; however, harmful metal ions dissolution or particles, such as aluminum, remains and leads to local or systemic toxic effects. Another widely used method for creating rough implant surface is to use strong acids, like HCl or H2SO4, which creates a more homogeneous microporous surface than titanium plasma-spraying. Recently, sand-blasting and acid etching (SLA) are used for better early osseointegration and less bone loss than using TPS or acid etching only.
However, because implant surface treatment usually concerns integration for bone tissues only and neglects epidermal cell and fibroblast, the surface for contacting the implant and the whole tissues becomes unlike the original design and makes the implantation fail. Hence, the prior arts do not fulfill all users' requests on actual use.
The main purpose of the present disclosure is to treat surface of an implant stem or abutment with growths of MC3T3-E1, NIH 3T3 and XB-2 concerned and with calcium ions provided for enhancing implant success ratio.
The second purpose of the present disclosure is to integrate oral tissues on treating implant surface where, from top to bottom, conditions of the surface are smooth; then rough or smooth; and then rough with calcium ions and phosphate ions added.
The third purpose of the present disclosure is to prevent bacterial infection in an oral environment and inhibit growth of the fibroblast for providing a good environment for bone integration and avoiding fibrous encapsulation of the implant.
To achieve the above purposes, the present disclosure is an implant surface treatment method having tissues integrated, comprising steps of: (a) treating a Ti metal surface of an implant through an SLA surface treatment to obtain different roughness; (b) using tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) to clean and be embedded into the Ti metal through secondary grit-blasting, where TTCP provides calcium ions and phosphate ions; (c) culturing MC3T3-E1 , NIH 3T3 and XB-2 to obtain surface conditions suitable for growth and adhesion of the bone cell, the fibroblast and the epidermal cell; and (d) through various surface treatments, adjusting to balance growth velocities of the bone cell, the fibroblast and the epidermal cell between oral tissues and the implant, where growth of the bone cell is impelled and growth of the fibroblast is inhibited. Accordingly, a novel implant surface treatment method having tissues integrated is obtained.
The present disclosure will be better understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment according to the present disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
The following description of the preferred embodiment is provided to understand the features and the structures of the present disclosure.
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(a) A Ti metal surface of an implant is treated through a sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface treatment to obtain different roughness.
(b) Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) is used for cleaning and being embedded into the Ti metal through secondary grit-blasting, where TTCP provides calcium ions; and where growth of the bone cell is promoted and growth of the fibroblast is inhibited.
(c) A bone cell (MC3T3-E1), a fibroblast (NIH 3T3) and an epidermal cell (XB-2), which are tissues contacted with the implant, are cultured to find surface conditions suitable for growth and adhesion of the bone cell, the fibroblast and the epidermal cell by observing growth of the tissues.
(d) Through various surface treatments, growth velocities of the bone cell, the fibroblast and the epidermal cell between oral tissues and the implant are adjusted to be balanced for increasing implant success ratio.
If a blasting sand not assimilated to human body is used in grit-blasting, the implant is cleaned by using a material having a smaller particle diameter than that of the blasting sand, where a calcium phosphate salt having a particle diameter of less than micrometers (μm) is preferred; and where the calcium phosphate salt is Ca4(PO4)2O, CaHPO4·2H2O, CaHPO4, Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O, alpha-Ca3(PO4)2, beta-Ca3(PO4)2, Ca2P2O7, Ca2H2P2O8 or their apatite.
On using the present disclosure, a commercial pure Ti is used as a Ti metal sample having a 6 millimeters (mm) length, a 5 mm width and a 1 mm height for an integration test. Some of the samples are buried into epoxy resin to be polished by different sandpapers with ethanol for providing a standard surface roughness by sequentially removing oxidation layer. Then, surface of the samples is washed with acetone and distilled water through ultrasonic oscillation for 5 minutes (min). After being washed, a control group is obtained, where the Ti metal surface is polished to obtain a 0.12 micrometers (pm) roughness with 5% deviation; and three samples are obtained as a testing group, where surfaces of the samples are mixed with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles to be treated through grit-blasting for 10, 20 and 30 seconds (sec) separately. After grit-blasting, the samples in the testing group are processed through acid etching in solutions for 30 sec. Therein, the grit-blasting process is done by an air compressor with 7 kg/m2 powder blasted at a 0.5 mm distance between the samples and the blasting nozzle; and, the solutions used for acid etching are hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
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In another state of use, the epidermal cell 43 is grown on a surface processed through grit-blasting for 60 sec and acid etching for 600 sec to obtain a roughness of Ra=0.74±0.13 μm and a good adhesion at an early stage; and, a process of grit-blasting for 30 sec and acid etching for 600 sec obtains a roughness of Ra=0.73±0.12 μm and a good growth. The fibroblast 42 is grown on a surface processed through grit-blasting for 30 sec and acid etching for 600 sec to obtain a roughness of Ra=0.73±0.12 μm and a good adhesion at an early stage; and, a process of grit-blasting for 30 sec and acid etching for 600 sec also obtains a roughness of Ra=0.73±0.12 μm and a good growth. The bone cell 41 is grown on a surface processed through grit-blasting for 10 sec and acid etching for 600 sec to obtain a roughness of Ra=0.64±0.13 μm and a good adhesion at an early stage; and, a process of grit-blasting for 60 sec and acid etching for 60 sec obtains a roughness of Ra=1.02±0.08 μm and a good growth. Thus, it is found that a process of grit-blasting for 10 sec and acid etching for 30 sec (Ra=0.67±0.07 μm) is good to the bone cell 41 for adhesion yet is not good to the epidermal cell 43. Adhesion condition of the bone cell becomes bad after grit-blasting with TTCP; but TTCP solution is basically good to the bone cell 41. Hence, it is clear that, on the early stage, surface condition is more important than the effect of ions.
Thus, growth factor of the bone cell 41 and bone matrix are provided in an area for growing the fibroblast, where the area is located within 1˜3 mm below a starting place contacted with the skin. Abutment is located within 0.1˜1.5mm in area contacted with the epidermal cell 43 and has a smooth surface for adhering the epidermal cell 43 at the early stage with infection prevented. Following the epidermal cell contact area to 2.9 mm below a starting place contacted with the skin, which is contacted with the fibroblast 42 after contacting with the epidermal cell 43, a 0.2·6 μm surface roughness is obtained. Calcium ions and phosphorus ions are provided as growth matrix of the bone cell 41 to inhibit growth of the fibroblast 42 and help growing the bone cell 42. Pores scaled below micrometer are prevented on the contact surface of the bone cell 41 to enhance success ratio of the implant.
The present disclosure considers growth of a bone cell, a fibroblast and an epidermal cell to avoid bacterial infection in an oral environment. In the mean time, calcium ions are provided to inhibit growth of the fibroblast for providing a good bone-integration environment and preventing fibrous encapsulation of the implant. Hence, the present disclosure concerns covering conditions of a bone cell, a fibroblast and an epidermal cell to find a good environment for an implant, where the bone cell is impelled and the fibroblast is inhibited for maintaining a good appearance and preventing implant failure.
To sum up, the present disclosure is an implant surface treatment method having tissues integrated, where a sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface treatment is used to form different surface roughness; where a calcium phosphate salt, TTCP, is used for secondarily grit-blasting the Ti metal surface for cleaning and embedding; where a bone cell (MC3T3-E1), a fibroblast (NIH 3T3) and an epidermal cell (XB-2) are cultured to find proper conditions for adhesion and growth of the tissues for improving implant success ratio; and where calcium ions are provided to impel growth of the bone cell and inhibit growth of the fibroblast.
The preferred embodiment herein disclosed is not intended to unnecessarily limit the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, simple modifications or variations belonging to the equivalent of the scope of the claims and the instructions disclosed herein for a patent are all within the scope of the present disclosure.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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099120557 | Jun 2010 | TW | national |