The disclosure relates generally to implantable medical devices, and more particularly to implantable medical devices that have a power source that may be wirelessly recharged from a remote location.
Cardiac pacemakers such as leadless cardiac pacemakers are used to sense and pace hearts that are susceptible to a variety of incorrect heart rhythms, including but not limited to bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate, and tachycardia, which is a high heart rate. In many leadless cardiac pacemakers, due to their relatively small size, a relatively large fraction of the internal space of the leadless cardiac pacemaker is consumed by a battery. As the battery life determines the potential useful life expectancy of the leadless cardiac pacemaker, there is a desire to make the batteries as large as possible within the confines of the available space.
What would be desirable is an implantable medical device that has a long useful life expectancy while not requiring as much battery space, thereby permitting a significantly smaller device size. A smaller device size may make the device more easily deliverable and implantable in the body, allow the device to be implantable in smaller and more confined spaces in the body, and/or may make the device less expensive to produce.
The disclosure is directed to implantable medical that provide a long lasting power source within a smaller device housing. While a leadless cardiac pacemaker is used as an example implantable medical device, the disclosure may be applied to any suitable implantable medical device including, for example, neuro-stimulators, diagnostic devices including those that do not deliver therapy, and/or any other suitable implantable medical device as desired.
In some cases, the disclosure pertains to implantable medical devices such as leadless cardiac pacemakers that include a rechargeable power source such as a rechargeable battery, a rechargeable capacitor or a rechargeable supercapacitor. In some cases, a system may include an implanted device including a receiving antenna and an external transmitter that transmits radiofrequency energy that may be captured by the receiving antenna and then converted into electrical energy that may be used to recharge the rechargeable power source. Accordingly, since the rechargeable power source does not have to maintain sufficient energy stores in a single charge for the entire expected life of the implanted device, the power source itself and thus the implanted device, may be made smaller while still meeting device longevity expectations.
In an example of the disclosure, an implantable medical device (IMD) that is configured to be implanted within a patient includes a housing configured for trans-catheter deployment and a plurality of electrodes that are exposed external to the housing. Therapeutic circuitry is disposed within the housing and may be operatively coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to sense one or more signals via one or more of the plurality of electrodes and/or to stimulate tissue via one or more of the plurality of electrodes. A rechargeable power source may be disposed within the housing and may be configured to power the therapeutic circuitry. A receiving antenna may be disposed relative to the housing and may be configured to receive transmitted radiative Electro-Magnetic (EM) energy through the patient's body. Charging circuitry may be operably coupled with the receiving antenna and the rechargeable power source and may be configured to use the radiative EM energy received via the receiving antenna to charge the rechargeable power source.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the IMD may also include a secondary battery disposed within the housing and operatively coupled to the therapeutic circuitry, the secondary battery functioning as a backup battery to the rechargeable power source.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the secondary battery is a non-rechargeable battery.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the IMD is a leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP).
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the housing is substantially transparent to radiative EM energy.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the housing may include a ceramic housing, a glass housing, or a polymeric housing.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the receiving antenna may include a first metal pattern formed on an outer surface of a sleeve insert and a second metal pattern formed on an inner surface of the sleeve insert, and the sleeve insert is configured to be inserted into an elongated cavity of the housing of the IMD.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the receiving antenna may include a first metal pattern formed on an outer surface of an outer sleeve and a second metal pattern formed on an inner surface of the outer sleeve, and the outer sleeve is configured to fit over and be secured relative to the housing of the IMD.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, at least one of the plurality of electrodes forms part of the receiving antenna.
In another example of the disclosure, an implantable medical device (IMD) configured to be implanted within a patient includes a housing that is substantially transparent to radiative Electro-Magnetic (EM) energy along at least part of its length and circuitry that is disposed within the housing. A plurality of electrodes may be exposed external to the housing and operatively coupled to the circuitry. A rechargeable power source may be disposed within the housing and may be configured to power the IMD including the circuitry. A receiving antenna may be disposed within the housing and may be configured to receive transmitted radiative EM energy through the at least part of the housing that is substantially transparent to radiative EM energy. The circuit may be operably coupled with the receiving antenna and the rechargeable power source and be configured to use the radiative EM energy received via the receiving antenna to charge the rechargeable power source.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the IMD is a leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP).
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the IMD is an implantable monitoring device.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the IMD is an implantable sensor.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the receiving antenna may include a first receiving antenna having a first null and a second receiving antenna having a second null offset from the first null.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the housing may include ceramic.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the housing may include glass.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the receiving antenna may be configured to receive sufficient radiative EM energy from a wavelength band of radiative EM energy transmitted from outside the patient to recharge the rechargeable power source at a rate faster than the rechargeable power source is depleted by powering the IMD when the wavelength band of radiative EM energy is transmitted at an intensity that does not cause heat damage to the patient.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, at least a portion of the housing has a substantially cylindrical profile and the receiving antenna includes a planar antenna that has been conformed to the substantially cylindrical profile.
In another example of the disclosure, an implantable medical device (IMD) configured to be implanted within a patient includes a housing forming at least part of a receiving antenna, wherein the receiving antenna is configured to receive transmitted radiative Electro-Magnetic (EM) energy through the patient's body. A plurality of electrodes may be exposed external to the housing and circuitry may be disposed within the housing. The circuitry may be operatively coupled to the plurality of electrodes and may be configured to sense one or more signals via one or more of the plurality of electrodes and/or may stimulate tissue via one or more of the plurality of electrodes. A rechargeable power source may be disposed within the housing and may be configured to power the circuitry. Charging circuitry may be operably coupled with the receiving antenna and the rechargeable power source and may be configured to use the radiative EM energy received via the receiving antenna to charge the rechargeable power source.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, the housing may form one or more layers of the receiving antenna.
The above summary of some illustrative embodiments is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The Figures and Description which follow more particularly exemplify these and other illustrative embodiments.
The disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the disclosure is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
For the following defined terms, these definitions shall be applied, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in this specification.
All numeric values are herein assumed to be modified by the term “about,” whether or not explicitly indicated. The term “about” generally refers to a range of numbers that one of skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value (i.e., having the same function or result). In many instances, the terms “about” may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significant figure.
The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
It is noted that references in the specification to “an embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “other embodiments”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include one or more particular features, structures, and/or characteristics. However, such recitations do not necessarily mean that all embodiments include the particular features, structures, and/or characteristics. Additionally, when particular features, structures, and/or characteristics are described in connection with one embodiment, it should be understood that such features, structures, and/or characteristics may also be used connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described unless clearly stated to the contrary.
The following description should be read with reference to the drawings in which similar structures in different drawings are numbered the same. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
As depicted in
The electrodes 114 may include one or more biocompatible conductive materials such as various metals or alloys that are known to be safe for implantation within a human body. In some instances, the electrodes 114 may be generally disposed on either end of the LCP 100 and may be in electrical communication with one or more of modules the 102, 104, 106, 108, and 110. In embodiments where the electrodes 114 are secured directly to the housing 120, an insulative material may electrically isolate the electrodes 114 from adjacent electrodes, the housing 120, and/or other parts of the LCP 100. In some instances, some or all of the electrodes 114 may be spaced from the housing 120 and may be connected to the housing 120 and/or other components of the LCP 100 through connecting wires. In such instances, the electrodes 114 may be placed on a tail (not shown) that extends out away from the housing 120. As shown in
The electrodes 114 and/or 114′ may assume any of a variety of sizes and/or shapes, and may be spaced at any of a variety of spacings. For example, the electrodes 114 may have an outer diameter of two to twenty millimeters (mm). In other embodiments, the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ may have a diameter of two, three, five, seven millimeters (mm), or any other suitable diameter, dimension and/or shape. Example lengths for the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ may include, for example, one, three, five, ten millimeters (mm), or any other suitable length. As used herein, the length is a dimension of the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ that extends away from the outer surface of the housing 120. In some instances, at least some of the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ may be spaced from one another by a distance of twenty, thirty, forty, fifty millimeters (mm), or any other suitable spacing. The electrodes 114 and/or 114′ of a single device may have different sizes with respect to each other, and the spacing and/or lengths of the electrodes on the device may or may not be uniform.
In the embodiment shown, the communication module 102 may be electrically coupled to the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ and may be configured to deliver communication pulses to tissues of the patient for communicating with other devices such as sensors, programmers, other medical devices, and/or the like. Communication signals, as used herein, may be any modulated signal that conveys information to another device, either by itself or in conjunction with one or more other modulated signals. In some embodiments, communication signals may be limited to sub-threshold signals that do not result in capture of the heart yet still convey information. The communication signals may be delivered to another device that is located either external or internal to the patient's body. In some instances, the communication may take the form of distinct communication pulses separated by various amounts of time. In some of these cases, the timing between successive pulses may convey information. The communication module 102 may additionally be configured to sense for communication signals delivered by other devices, which may be located external or internal to the patient's body.
The communication module 102 may communicate to help accomplish one or more desired functions. Some example functions include delivering sensed data, using communicated data for determining occurrences of events such as arrhythmias, coordinating delivery of electrical stimulation therapy, and/or other functions. In some cases, the LCP 100 may use communication signals to communicate raw information, processed information, messages and/or commands, and/or other data. Raw information may include information such as sensed electrical signals (e.g. a sensed ECG), signals gathered from coupled sensors, and the like. In some embodiments, the processed information may include signals that have been filtered using one or more signal processing techniques. Processed information may also include parameters and/or events that are determined by the LCP 100 and/or another device, such as a determined heart rate, timing of determined heartbeats, timing of other determined events, determinations of threshold crossings, expirations of monitored time periods, accelerometer signals, activity level parameters, blood-oxygen parameters, blood pressure parameters, heart sound parameters, and the like. In some cases, processed information may, for example, be provided by a chemical sensor or an optically interfaced sensor. Messages and/or commands may include instructions or the like directing another device to take action, notifications of imminent actions of the sending device, requests for reading from the receiving device, requests for writing data to the receiving device, information messages, and/or other messages commands.
In at least some embodiments, the communication module 102 (or the LCP 100) may further include switching circuitry to selectively connect one or more of the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ to the communication module 102 in order to select which of the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ that the communication module 102 delivers communication pulses with. It is contemplated that the communication module 102 may be communicating with other devices via conducted signals, radio frequency (RF) signals, optical signals, acoustic signals, inductive coupling, and/or any other suitable communication methodology. Where the communication module 102 generates electrical communication signals, the communication module 102 may include one or more capacitor elements and/or other charge storage devices to aid in generating and delivering communication signals. In the embodiment shown, the communication module 102 may use energy stored in the energy storage module 112 to generate the communication signals. In at least some examples, the communication module 102 may include a switching circuit that is connected to the energy storage module 112 and, with the switching circuitry, may connect the energy storage module 112 to one or more of the electrodes 114/114′ to generate the communication signals.
As shown in
The LCP 100 may further include an electrical sensing module 106 and a mechanical sensing module 108. The electrical sensing module 106 may be configured to sense intrinsic cardiac electrical signals conducted from the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ to the electrical sensing module 106. For example, the electrical sensing module 106 may be electrically connected to one or more of the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ and the electrical sensing module 106 may be configured to receive cardiac electrical signals conducted through the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ via a sensor amplifier or the like. In some embodiments, the cardiac electrical signals may represent local information from the chamber in which the LCP 100 is implanted. For instance, if the LCP 100 is implanted within a ventricle of the heart, cardiac electrical signals sensed by the LCP 100 through the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ may represent ventricular cardiac electrical signals. The mechanical sensing module 108 may include, or be electrically connected to, various sensors, such as accelerometers, including multi-axis accelerometers such as two- or three-axis accelerometers, gyroscopes, including multi-axis gyroscopes such as two- or three-axis gyroscopes, blood pressure sensors, heart sound sensors, piezoelectric sensors, blood-oxygen sensors, and/or other sensors which measure one or more physiological parameters of the heart and/or patient. Mechanical sensing module 108, when present, may gather signals from the sensors indicative of the various physiological parameters. The electrical sensing module 106 and the mechanical sensing module 108 may both be connected to the processing module 110 and may provide signals representative of the sensed cardiac electrical signals and/or physiological signals to the processing module 110. Although described with respect to
The processing module 110 may be configured to direct the operation of the LCP 100 and may, in some embodiments, be termed a controller. For example, the processing module 110 may be configured to receive cardiac electrical signals from the electrical sensing module 106 and/or physiological signals from the mechanical sensing module 108. Based on the received signals, the processing module 110 may determine, for example, occurrences and types of arrhythmias and other determinations such as whether the LCP 100 has become dislodged. The processing module 110 may further receive information from the communication module 102. In some embodiments, the processing module 110 may additionally use such received information to determine occurrences and types of arrhythmias and/or and other determinations such as whether the LCP 100 has become dislodged. In still some additional embodiments, the LCP 100 may use the received information instead of the signals received from the electrical sensing module 106 and/or the mechanical sensing module 108—for instance if the received information is deemed to be more accurate than the signals received from the electrical sensing module 106 and/or the mechanical sensing module 108 or if the electrical sensing module 106 and/or the mechanical sensing module 108 have been disabled or omitted from the LCP 100.
After determining an occurrence of an arrhythmia, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to generate electrical stimulation pulses in accordance with one or more electrical stimulation therapies to treat the determined arrhythmia. For example, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to generate pacing pulses with varying parameters and in different sequences to effectuate one or more electrical stimulation therapies. As one example, in controlling the pulse generator module 104 to deliver bradycardia pacing therapy, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to deliver pacing pulses designed to capture the heart of the patient at a regular interval to help prevent the heart of a patient from falling below a predetermined threshold. In some cases, the rate of pacing may be increased with an increased activity level of the patient (e.g. rate adaptive pacing). For instance, the processing module 110 may monitor one or more physiological parameters of the patient which may indicate a need for an increased heart rate (e.g. due to increased metabolic demand). The processing module 110 may then increase the rate at which the pulse generator module 104 generates electrical stimulation pulses. Adjusting the rate of delivery of the electrical stimulation pulses based on the one or more physiological parameters may extend the battery life of the LCP 100 by only requiring higher rates of delivery of electrical stimulation pulses when the physiological parameters indicate there is a need for increased cardiac output. Additionally, adjusting the rate of delivery of the electrical stimulation pulses may increase a comfort level of the patient by more closely matching the rate of delivery of electrical stimulation pulses with the cardiac output need of the patient.
For ATP therapy, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to deliver pacing pulses at a rate faster than an intrinsic heart rate of a patient in attempt to force the heart to beat in response to the delivered pacing pulses rather than in response to intrinsic cardiac electrical signals. Once the heart is following the pacing pulses, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to reduce the rate of delivered pacing pulses down to a safer level. In CRT, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to deliver pacing pulses in coordination with another device to cause the heart to contract more efficiently. In cases where the pulse generator module 104 is capable of generating defibrillation and/or cardioversion pulses for defibrillation/cardioversion therapy, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to generate such defibrillation and/or cardioversion pulses. In some cases, the processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to generate electrical stimulation pulses to provide electrical stimulation therapies different than those examples described above.
Aside from controlling the pulse generator module 104 to generate different types of electrical stimulation pulses and in different sequences, in some embodiments, the processing module 110 may also control the pulse generator module 104 to generate the various electrical stimulation pulses with varying pulse parameters. For example, each electrical stimulation pulse may have a pulse width and a pulse amplitude. The processing module 110 may control the pulse generator module 104 to generate the various electrical stimulation pulses with specific pulse widths and pulse amplitudes. For example, the processing module 110 may cause the pulse generator module 104 to adjust the pulse width and/or the pulse amplitude of electrical stimulation pulses if the electrical stimulation pulses are not effectively capturing the heart. Such control of the specific parameters of the various electrical stimulation pulses may help the LCP 100 provide more effective delivery of electrical stimulation therapy.
In some embodiments, the processing module 110 may further control the communication module 102 to send information to other devices. For example, the processing module 110 may control the communication module 102 to generate one or more communication signals for communicating with other devices of a system of devices. For instance, the processing module 110 may control the communication module 102 to generate communication signals in particular pulse sequences, where the specific sequences convey different information. The communication module 102 may also receive communication signals for potential action by the processing module 110.
In further embodiments, the processing module 110 may control switching circuitry by which the communication module 102 and the pulse generator module 104 deliver communication signals and/or electrical stimulation pulses to tissue of the patient. As described above, both the communication module 102 and the pulse generator module 104 may include circuitry for connecting one or more of the electrodes 114 and/or 114′ to the communication module 102 and/or the pulse generator module 104 so those modules may deliver the communication signals and electrical stimulation pulses to tissue of the patient. The specific combination of one or more electrodes by which the communication module 102 and/or the pulse generator module 104 deliver communication signals and electrical stimulation pulses may influence the reception of communication signals and/or the effectiveness of electrical stimulation pulses. Although it was described that each of the communication module 102 and the pulse generator module 104 may include switching circuitry, in some embodiments, the LCP 100 may have a single switching module connected to the communication module 102, the pulse generator module 104, and the electrodes 114 and/or 114′. In such embodiments, processing module 110 may control the switching module to connect the modules 102/104 and the electrodes 114/114′ as appropriate.
In some embodiments, the processing module 110 may include a pre-programmed chip, such as a very-large-scale integration (VLSI) chip or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In such embodiments, the chip may be pre-programmed with control logic in order to control the operation of the LCP 100. By using a pre-programmed chip, the processing module 110 may use less power than other programmable circuits while able to maintain basic functionality, thereby potentially increasing the battery life of the LCP 100. In other instances, the processing module 110 may include a programmable microprocessor or the like. Such a programmable microprocessor may allow a user to adjust the control logic of the LCP 100 after manufacture, thereby allowing for greater flexibility of the LCP 100 than when using a pre-programmed chip. In still other embodiments, the processing module 110 may not be a single component. For example, the processing module 110 may include multiple components positioned at disparate locations within the LCP 100 in order to perform the various described functions. For example, certain functions may be performed in one component of the processing module 110, while other functions are performed in a separate component of the processing module 110.
The processing module 110, in additional embodiments, may include a memory circuit and the processing module 110 may store information on and read information from the memory circuit. In other embodiments, the LCP 100 may include a separate memory circuit (not shown) that is in communication with the processing module 110, such that the processing module 110 may read and write information to and from the separate memory circuit. The memory circuit, whether part of the processing module 110 or separate from the processing module 110, may be volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination of volatile memory and non-volatile memory.
The energy storage module 112 may provide a power source to the LCP 100 for its operations. In some embodiments, the energy storage module 112 may be a non-rechargeable lithium-based battery. In other embodiments, the non-rechargeable battery may be made from other suitable materials. In some embodiments, the energy storage module 112 may be considered to be a rechargeable power supply, such as but not limited to, a rechargeable battery. In still other embodiments, the energy storage module 112 may include other types of energy storage devices such as capacitors or super capacitors. In some cases, as will be discussed, the energy storage module 112 may include a rechargeable primary battery and a non-rechargeable secondary battery. In some cases, the primary battery and the second battery, if present, may both be rechargeable.
To implant the LCP 100 inside a patient's body, an operator (e.g., a physician, clinician, etc.), may fix the LCP 100 to the cardiac tissue of the patient's heart. To facilitate fixation, the LCP 100 may include one or more anchors 116. The one or more anchors 116 are shown schematically in
In some examples, the LCP 100 may be configured to be implanted on a patient's heart or within a chamber of the patient's heart. For instance, the LCP 100 may be implanted within any of a left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, or right ventricle of a patient's heart. By being implanted within a specific chamber, the LCP 100 may be able to sense cardiac electrical signals originating or emanating from the specific chamber that other devices may not be able to sense with such resolution. Where the LCP 100 is configured to be implanted on a patient's heart, the LCP 100 may be configured to be implanted on or adjacent to one of the chambers of the heart, or on or adjacent to a path along which intrinsically generated cardiac electrical signals generally follow. In these examples, the LCP 100 may also have an enhanced ability to sense localized intrinsic cardiac electrical signals and deliver localized electrical stimulation therapy. In embodiments where the LCP 100 includes an accelerometer, the LCP 100 may additionally be able to sense the motion of the cardiac wall to which the LCP 100 is attached.
While a leadless cardiac pacemaker is used as an example implantable medical device in
While the MD 200 may be another leadless device such as shown in
The leads 212, in some embodiments, may additionally contain one or more sensors, such as accelerometers, blood pressure sensors, heart sound sensors, blood-oxygen sensors, and/or other sensors which are configured to measure one or more physiological parameters of the heart and/or patient. In such embodiments, the mechanical sensing module 208 may be in electrical communication with the leads 212 and may receive signals generated from such sensors. In some cases, one or more of these additional sensors may instead be incorporated into or onto the MD 200.
While not required, in some embodiments the MD 200 may be an implantable medical device. In such embodiments, the housing 220 of MD 200 may be implanted in, for example, a transthoracic region of the patient. The housing 220 may generally include any of a number of known materials that are safe for implantation in a human body and may, when implanted, hermetically seal the various components of the MD 200 from fluids and tissues of the patient's body. In such embodiments, the leads 212 may be implanted at one or more various locations within the patient, such as within the heart of the patient, adjacent to the heart of the patient, adjacent to the spine of the patient, or any other desired location.
In some embodiments, the MD 200 may be an implantable cardiac pacemaker (ICP). In these embodiments, the MD 200 may have one or more leads, for example leads 212, which are implanted on or within the patient's heart. The one or more leads 212 may include one or more electrodes 214 that are in contact with cardiac tissue and/or blood of the patient's heart. The MD 200 may be configured to sense intrinsically generated cardiac electrical signals and determine, for example, one or more cardiac arrhythmias based on analysis of the sensed signals. The MD 200 may be configured to deliver CRT, ATP therapy, bradycardia therapy, and/or other therapy types via the leads 212 implanted within the heart. In some embodiments, the MD 200 may additionally be configured to provide defibrillation/cardioversion therapy.
In some instances, the MD 200 may be an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). In such embodiments, the MD 200 may include one or more leads implanted within a patient's heart. The MD 200 may also be configured to sense electrical cardiac signals, determine occurrences of tachyarrhythmia's based on the sensed electrical cardiac signals, and deliver defibrillation and/or cardioversion therapy in response to determining an occurrence of a tachyarrhythmia (for example by delivering defibrillation and/or cardioversion pulses to the heart of the patient). In other embodiments, the MD 200 may be a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (SICD). In embodiments where the MD 200 is an SICD, one of the leads 212 may be a subcutaneously implanted lead. In at least some embodiments where the MD 200 is an SICD, the MD 200 may include only a single lead which is implanted subcutaneously but outside of the chest cavity, however this is not required. In some cases, the lead may be implanted just under the chest cavity.
In some embodiments, the MD 200 may not be an implantable medical device. Rather, the MD 200 may be a device external to the patient's body, and the electrodes 214 may be skin-electrodes that are placed on a patient's body. In such embodiments, the MD 200 may be able to sense surface electrical signals (e.g. electrical cardiac signals that are generated by the heart or electrical signals generated by a device implanted within a patient's body and conducted through the body to the skin). The MD 200 may further be configured to deliver various types of electrical stimulation therapy, including, for example, defibrillation therapy via skin-electrodes 214.
In some cases, implantable medical devices such as the IMD 100 and/or the MD 200 devote a substantial portion of their internal volume to energy storage. It will be appreciated that the life expectancy of an implanted device depends in large part upon the life expectancy of the battery powering the implanted device. Accordingly, there are competing interests in wanting to maximize battery life (and hence device life expectancy) while making implanted devices as small as possible in order to facilitate delivery using various techniques such as trans-catheter delivery as well as to make the implanted devices less intrusive. In some cases, such as for implanted devices intended to be implanted in particular chambers of the heart, there are additional potential size limitations. A device that is too large in diameter may be difficult to deliver while a device that is too long may interfere with the operation of the valve (e.g. interfere with the valve, interfere with blood flow, etc.).
Accordingly, some implanted devices such as but not limited to a leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) may be configured to include a rechargeable battery that provides the power needed by the LCP for a limited period of time. Because the rechargeable battery can be recharged in situ, the rechargeable battery can be smaller because it does not have to store sufficient energy to last the entire expected lifetime of the device. Rather, the rechargeable battery only needs to store sufficient energy to power the LCP for a period of time that corresponds to a reasonable recharging schedule. For example, a LCP with a rechargeable battery may undergo a recharging procedure on a daily basis, a weekly basis, a monthly basis, a by-yearly basis, a yearly basis, or any desired schedule, with the recognition that relative size of the rechargeable battery is at least roughly proportional to the interval between rechargings. For example, a relatively small rechargeable battery will take up less space within the LCP but will require more frequent recharging. A relatively large rechargeable battery will take up more space within the LCP but will require less frequent recharging as the larger rechargeable battery can store relatively more chemical energy. In some cases, the battery size may be roughly inversely proportional to the frequency of the impinging energy that is captured and used to recharge the rechargeable battery.
In some cases, an implanted device with a rechargeable battery may be implanted within a patient. In the case of an LCP with a rechargeable battery, the LCP may be implanted within a chamber of the patient's heart. The patient may periodically undergo a recharging procedure in which energy from outside of the patient may be transmitted to the LCP (or other implanted device) within the patient. In some cases, the LCP or other implanted device may include an antenna or other structure that is configured to receive the transmitted energy and the received energy may be used to at least partially recharge the rechargeable battery. It will be appreciated that at least partially recharging the rechargeable battery may, for example, mean recharging the rechargeable battery to capacity. It may mean recharging the rechargeable battery to a charge level that is less than capacity. For example, recharging the rechargeable battery may mean recharging to a charge level that is about 50 percent (%) of capacity, about 60% of capacity, about 70% of capacity, about 80% of capacity, or about 90% of capacity.
The transmitter 304 may take any of a variety of forms. For example, while shown schematically as a box in
It will be appreciated that the implantable device 302 may be configured to periodically receive EM energy at a wavelength and intensity that is safe for the patient 300 and that the implantable device 302 may use to recharge a rechargeable battery within the implantable device 302. The EM energy may be received at a rate that exceeds a rate at which power is being drawn from the rechargeable battery and consumed by various components within the implantable device 302.
The receiving antenna 308 may be any of a variety of different types of antennas. In some cases, the receiving antenna 308 may be a planar antenna, which in some cases is then conformed to a non-planar surface. In some cases, a planar antenna may be an antenna that is printed or deposited onto a planar surface, or perhaps etched into a planar surface. In some instances, depending on how the receiving antenna 308 is incorporated into the implantable device 302, the receiving antenna 308 may be considered as being a three-dimensional analog of a planar antenna (e.g. conformed to a non-planar shape). Illustrative but non-limiting examples of planar antennas include path antennas, slot antennas, ring antennas, spiral antennas, bow-tie antennas, TSA (Vivaldi) antennas, LPDA antennas, leaky-wave antennas and quasi-yagi antennas. In some cases, the antenna may include a resonator structure that helps to make the antenna more efficient and/or to increase an effective electrical length of the antenna such that the antenna may be made physically smaller.
EM energy that is transmitted from the transmitter 304 may be captured by the receiving antenna 308 and provided to a circuitry 310. In some cases, the circuitry 310 may be configured to convert the received EM energy into a form that may be used to recharge a rechargeable battery 312. In some cases, the circuitry 310 may also provide other functionality to the implantable device 302. For example, if the implantable device 302 is an LCP, the circuitry 310 may, in addition to recharging the rechargeable battery 312, also provide sense functions, pace functions, or sense and pace functions. In some instances, the circuitry 310 only functions to recharge the rechargeable battery 312, and the implantable device 302 may include other circuitry (not shown) to provide whichever other functions are ascribed to the implantable device 302.
When considering the electromagnetic regions around a transmitting antenna, there are three categories; namely, (1) reactive near-field; (2) radiated near-field and (3) radiated far-field. “Inductive” charging systems operate in the reactive near-field region. In inductive power systems, power is typically transferred over short distances by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire, or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between electrodes. In radiative power systems (e.g. radiated near-field and radiated far-field), power is typically transmitted by beams of electromagnetic (EM) energy. Radiative power systems can often transport energy for longer distances, but the ability of a receiving antenna to capture sufficient energy can be challenging, particular for applications where the size of the receiving antenna is limited.
In some cases, the transmitter 304 and implantable medical device 302 may operate at or above about 400 MHz within the patient's body. When so provided, the system does not operate in the reactive near-field (as in inductive charging system), but rather operates in either the radiated near-field or radiated far-field regions (depending on the placement of the implanted device and band of usage). For example, when the EM energy is transmitted at 400 MHz, the system is in the radiated near-field region and at 2.45 GHz the system is in the radiated far-field region. In some cases, the present system may operate at a frequency that is between, for example, about 400 MHz and 3 GHz. In some cases, more than one frequency within this range may be used simultaneously and/or sequentially. In some cases, multiple implanted devices may be simultaneously or sequentially charged using both the radiated near-field and radiated far-field regions.
The rechargeable battery 312 may be any type of rechargeable battery 312, and may take a three dimensional shape that facilitates incorporation of the rechargeable battery 312 into the device housing 304. In some cases, the rechargeable battery 312 may instead be a supercapacitor. As will be appreciated, in some cases the device housing 304 may have a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical shape, in which case a rechargeable battery 312 having an cylindrical or annular profile, such as a button battery or an elongated (in height) battery having a substantially cylindrical shape, may be useful. It is recognized that there are possible tradeoffs in rechargeable battery shape and dimensions relative to performance, so these issues should be considered in designing the rechargeable battery 312 for a particular use. While
In some cases, a first electrode 324 and a second electrode 326 may be exposed external to the housing 320 and may be operably coupled to the circuitry 310. While two electrodes are illustrated, it will be appreciated that in some instances the IMD 320 may include three, four or more distinct electrodes. Depending on the intended functionality of the IMD 320, the first electrode 324 and the second electrode 326, in combination, may be used for sensing and/or pacing the patient's heart. In some instances, for example, the IMD 320 may be a leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP), an implantable monitoring device or an implantable sensor. In some cases, the first electrode 324 and the second electrode 326 may, in combination, be used for communicating with other implanted devices and/or with external devices. In some cases, communication with other implanted devices may include conductive communication, but this is not required. Rechargeable battery 312 may be disposed within the housing 320 and may be configured to power the IMD 320, including the circuitry 310.
Receiving antenna 308 may be disposed within the housing 320 and may be configured to receive transmitted radiative EM energy through the housing 320, such as through the first portion 322a of the housing 320 that is substantially transparent to radiative EM energy. The circuitry 310 may be operably coupled with the receiving antenna 308 and the rechargeable battery 312. In some cases, the circuitry 310 may be configured to charge the rechargeable battery 312 using the radiative EM energy received by the receiving antenna 308. In some cases, the receiving antenna 308 may be configured to receive sufficient radiative EM energy from a wavelength band of radiative EM energy transmitted from outside the patient 300 (
While the illustrative IMD 320 (
In some cases, the IMD 340 may include a secondary battery 348 that is disposed within the housing 342 and that is operably coupled to the therapeutic circuitry 346. In some cases, the secondary battery 348 may function as a backup battery to the rechargeable battery 312. In some instances, the secondary battery 348 may also be a rechargeable battery and thus may also be operably coupled with the charging circuitry 344. In some cases, the secondary battery 348 may be a non-rechargeable battery.
In some cases, the therapeutic circuitry 346 may be operatively coupled to the first electrode 324 and the second electrode 326. While two electrodes are illustrated, it will be appreciated that in some instances the IMD 340 may include three, four or more distinct electrodes. In some instances, the therapeutic circuitry 346 may be configured to sense one or more signals via the electrodes 324, 326 (or additional electrodes) and/or to stimulate tissue via the electrodes 324, 326. In some cases, the therapeutic circuitry 346 may pace, or stimulate tissue, at least partly in response to the one or more sensed signals. In some cases, the first electrode 324 and the second electrode 326 may, in combination, be used for communicating with other implanted devices and/or with external devices. In some cases, communication with other implanted devices may include conductive communication, but this is not required in all cases.
A receiving antenna 410 is operably coupled to the circuitry 406. In some cases, as illustrated, the housing 402 itself may form at least one or more layers of the receiving antenna 410. In some cases, the receiving antenna 410 includes an outer metal layer 412 and an inner metal layer 414, connected by a via 416 extending through an aperture 418 in the housing 402 wall. While the outer metal layer 412 and the inner metal layer 414 are schematically illustrated as simple layers, it will be appreciated that in some cases the outer metal layer 412 and/or the inner metal layer 414 may include patterns within the metal. The outer metal layer 412 and/or the inner metal layer 414 may, for example, be formed by etching away portions of a base metal layer. In some cases, the outer metal layer 412 and/or the inner metal layer 414 may be formed via a deposition process. In some cases, the ceramic or other material forming the housing 402 may function as a dielectric layer between the outer metal layer 412 and the inner metal layer 414.
In some cases, a biocompatible polymeric layer 422 may cover the outer metal layer 412. The biocompatible polymeric layer 422 may, for example, be formed of a polyimide or Parylene. In some cases, depending on the exact material used to form the housing 402, and whether the exact material is biocompatible, a polymeric coating (not shown) may cover essentially all of the outer surface of the housing 402 in order to improve biocompatibility. In some instances, particularly if the housing 402 is formed of a material having any porosity, a polymeric covering may help to reduce porosity.
In some cases, and as shown in
More specifically,
The cylindrical form 600 includes an outer surface 602. In
While two receiving antennae 604 and 606 are shown, the device may include any number of receiving antennae.
It will be appreciated that in some cases, an antenna such as a receiving antenna may have a null such as a spatial null and/or a frequency null. A spatial null indicates a direction from which no signal or very little signal may be received. A frequency null indicates a particular frequency or range of frequencies for which no signal or very little signal may be received. In some cases, if a device such as an implantable device includes two or more receiving antennae, it will be appreciated that each antenna may have a spatial null. There may be advantages to laying out the two or more receiving antenna such that the spatial nulls do not align in space. This may be particularly useful in an implantable device, in which the exact implanted orientation of the device is uncertain and/or may change with time. In many cases, particularly if the implantable device is planted in or on the heart, the device is constant moving.
In
It should be understood that this disclosure is, in many respects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of steps without exceeding the scope of the disclosure. This may include, to the extent that it is appropriate, the use of any of the features of one example embodiment being used in other embodiments.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/316,158 filed on Mar. 31, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3835864 | Rasor et al. | Sep 1974 | A |
3943936 | Rasor et al. | Mar 1976 | A |
4142530 | Wittkampf | Mar 1979 | A |
4151513 | Menken et al. | Apr 1979 | A |
4157720 | Greatbatch | Jun 1979 | A |
RE30366 | Rasor et al. | Aug 1980 | E |
4243045 | Maas | Jan 1981 | A |
4250884 | Hartlaub et al. | Feb 1981 | A |
4256115 | Bilitch | Mar 1981 | A |
4263919 | Levin | Apr 1981 | A |
4310000 | Lindemans | Jan 1982 | A |
4312354 | Walters | Jan 1982 | A |
4323081 | Wiebusch | Apr 1982 | A |
4357946 | Dutcher et al. | Nov 1982 | A |
4365639 | Goldreyer | Dec 1982 | A |
4440173 | Hudziak et al. | Apr 1984 | A |
4476868 | Thompson | Oct 1984 | A |
4522208 | Buffet | Jun 1985 | A |
4537200 | Widrow | Aug 1985 | A |
4556063 | Thompson et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
4562841 | Brockway et al. | Jan 1986 | A |
4593702 | Kepski et al. | Jun 1986 | A |
4593955 | Leiber | Jun 1986 | A |
4630611 | King | Dec 1986 | A |
4635639 | Hakala et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
4674508 | DeCote | Jun 1987 | A |
4712554 | Garson | Dec 1987 | A |
4729376 | DeCote | Mar 1988 | A |
4754753 | King | Jul 1988 | A |
4759366 | Callaghan | Jul 1988 | A |
4776338 | Lekholm et al. | Oct 1988 | A |
4787389 | Tarjan | Nov 1988 | A |
4793353 | Borkan | Dec 1988 | A |
4819662 | Heil et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
4858610 | Callaghan et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
4886064 | Strandberg | Dec 1989 | A |
4887609 | Cole, Jr. | Dec 1989 | A |
4928688 | Mower | May 1990 | A |
4967746 | Vandegriff | Nov 1990 | A |
4987897 | Funke | Jan 1991 | A |
4989602 | Sholder et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
5012806 | De Bellis | May 1991 | A |
5036849 | Hauck et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5040534 | Mann et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5058581 | Silvian | Oct 1991 | A |
5078134 | Heilman et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
5109845 | Yuuchi et al. | May 1992 | A |
5113859 | Funke | May 1992 | A |
5113869 | Nappholz et al. | May 1992 | A |
5117824 | Keimel et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
5127401 | Grevious et al. | Jul 1992 | A |
5133353 | Hauser | Jul 1992 | A |
5144950 | Stoop et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5170784 | Ramon et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
5179945 | Van Hofwegen et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
5193539 | Schulman et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
5193540 | Schulman et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
5241961 | Henry | Sep 1993 | A |
5243977 | Trabucco et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
5259387 | dePinto | Nov 1993 | A |
5269326 | Verrier | Dec 1993 | A |
5284136 | Hauck et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
5300107 | Stokes et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5301677 | Hsung | Apr 1994 | A |
5305760 | McKown et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5312439 | Loeb | May 1994 | A |
5313953 | Yomtov et al. | May 1994 | A |
5314457 | Jeutter et al. | May 1994 | A |
5314459 | Swanson et al. | May 1994 | A |
5318597 | Hauck et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5324316 | Schulman et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5331966 | Bennett et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5334222 | Salo et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5342408 | Decoriolis et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5370667 | Alt | Dec 1994 | A |
5372606 | Lang et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
5376106 | Stahmann et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
5383915 | Adams | Jan 1995 | A |
5388578 | Yomtov et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5404877 | Nolan et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5405367 | Schulman et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5411031 | Yomtov | May 1995 | A |
5411525 | Swanson et al. | May 1995 | A |
5411535 | Fujii et al. | May 1995 | A |
5456691 | Snell | Oct 1995 | A |
5458622 | Alt | Oct 1995 | A |
5466246 | Silvian | Nov 1995 | A |
5468254 | Hahn et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
5472453 | Alt | Dec 1995 | A |
5522866 | Fernald | Jun 1996 | A |
5540727 | Tockman et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5545186 | Olson et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
5545202 | Dahl et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
5571146 | Jones et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
5591214 | Lu | Jan 1997 | A |
5620466 | Haefner et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5634938 | Swanson et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5649968 | Alt et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5662688 | Haefner et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
5674259 | Gray | Oct 1997 | A |
5683426 | Greenhut et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5683432 | Goedeke et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5706823 | Wodlinger | Jan 1998 | A |
5709215 | Perttu et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
5720770 | Nappholz et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5728154 | Crossett et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
5741314 | Daly et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5741315 | Lee et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5752976 | Duffin et al. | May 1998 | A |
5752977 | Grevious et al. | May 1998 | A |
5755736 | Gillberg et al. | May 1998 | A |
5759199 | Snell et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5774501 | Halpern et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5792195 | Carlson et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5792202 | Rueter | Aug 1998 | A |
5792203 | Schroeppel | Aug 1998 | A |
5792205 | Alt et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5792208 | Gray | Aug 1998 | A |
5814089 | Stokes et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5827216 | Igo et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5836985 | Goyal et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5836987 | Baumann et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5842977 | Lesho et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5855593 | Olson et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
5873894 | Vandegriff et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5891184 | Lee et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5897586 | Molina | Apr 1999 | A |
5899876 | Flower | May 1999 | A |
5899928 | Sholder et al. | May 1999 | A |
5919214 | Ciciarelli et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5935078 | Feierbach | Aug 1999 | A |
5941906 | Barreras et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5944744 | Paul et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5954757 | Gray | Sep 1999 | A |
5978713 | Prutchi et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5991660 | Goyal | Nov 1999 | A |
5991661 | Park et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5999848 | Gord et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
5999857 | Weijand et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6016445 | Baura | Jan 2000 | A |
6026320 | Carlson et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6029085 | Olson et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6041250 | dePinto | Mar 2000 | A |
6044298 | Salo et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6044300 | Gray | Mar 2000 | A |
6055454 | Heemels | Apr 2000 | A |
6073050 | Griffith | Jun 2000 | A |
6076016 | Feierbach | Jun 2000 | A |
6077236 | Cunningham | Jun 2000 | A |
6080187 | Alt et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6083248 | Thompson | Jul 2000 | A |
6106551 | Crossett et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6115636 | Ryan | Sep 2000 | A |
6128526 | Stadler et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6141581 | Colson et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6141588 | Cox et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6141592 | Pauly | Oct 2000 | A |
6144879 | Gray | Nov 2000 | A |
6162195 | Igo et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6164284 | Schulman et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6167310 | Grevious | Dec 2000 | A |
6201993 | Kruse et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6208894 | Schulman et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6211799 | Post et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6221011 | Bardy | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6240316 | Richmond et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6240317 | Villaseca et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6256534 | Dahl | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6259947 | Olson et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6266558 | Gozani et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6266567 | Ishikawa et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6270457 | Bardy | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6272377 | Sweeney et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6273856 | Sun et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6277072 | Bardy | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6280380 | Bardy | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6285907 | Kramer et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6292698 | Duffin et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6295473 | Rosar | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6297943 | Carson | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6298271 | Weijand | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6307751 | Bodony et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6312378 | Bardy | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6315721 | Schulman et al. | Nov 2001 | B2 |
6336903 | Bardy | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6345202 | Richmond et al. | Feb 2002 | B2 |
6351667 | Godie | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6351669 | Hartley et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6353759 | Hartley et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6358203 | Bardy | Mar 2002 | B2 |
6361780 | Ley et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6368284 | Bardy | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6371922 | Baumann et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6398728 | Bardy | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6400982 | Sweeney et al. | Jun 2002 | B2 |
6400990 | Silvian | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6408208 | Sun | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6409674 | Brockway et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6411848 | Kramer et al. | Jun 2002 | B2 |
6424865 | Ding | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6434429 | Kraus et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6438410 | Hsu et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
6438417 | Rockwell et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6438421 | Stahmann et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6440066 | Bardy | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6441747 | Khair et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6442426 | Kroll | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6442432 | Lee | Aug 2002 | B2 |
6443891 | Grevious | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6445953 | Bulkes et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6453200 | Koslar | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6456256 | Amundson | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6459929 | Hopper et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6470215 | Kraus et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6471645 | Warkentin et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6480745 | Nelson et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6487443 | Olson et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6490487 | Kraus et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6498951 | Larson et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6507755 | Gozani et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6507759 | Prutchi et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6512940 | Brabec et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6522915 | Ceballos et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6526311 | Begemann | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6539253 | Thompson et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6542775 | Ding et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6553258 | Stahmann et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6561975 | Pool et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6564807 | Schulman et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6574506 | Kramer et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6584351 | Ekwall | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6584352 | Combs et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6597948 | Rockwell et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6597951 | Kramer et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6622046 | Fraley et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6628985 | Sweeney et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6647292 | Bardy et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6666844 | Igo et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6689117 | Sweeney et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6690959 | Thompson | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6694189 | Begemann | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6704602 | Berg et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6718212 | Parry et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6721597 | Bardy et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6738670 | Almendinger et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
6746797 | Benson et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6749566 | Russ | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6758810 | Lebel et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6763269 | Cox | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6778860 | Ostroff et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6788971 | Sloman et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6788974 | Bardy et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6804558 | Haller et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6807442 | Myklebust et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6847844 | Sun et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6871095 | Stahmann et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6878112 | Linberg et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6885889 | Chinchoy | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6892094 | Ousdigian et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6897788 | Khair et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6904315 | Panken et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6922592 | Thompson et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6931282 | Esler | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6934585 | Schloss et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
6957107 | Rogers et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6978176 | Lattouf | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6985773 | Von Arx et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6990375 | Kloss et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
7001366 | Ballard | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7003350 | Denker et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7006864 | Echt et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7013178 | Reinke et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7027871 | Bumes et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7050849 | Echt et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7060031 | Webb et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7063693 | Guenst | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7082336 | Ransbury et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7085606 | Flach et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7092758 | Sun et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7110824 | Amundson et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7120504 | Osypka | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7130681 | Gebhardt et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7139613 | Reinke et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7142912 | Wagner et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7146225 | Guenst et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7146226 | Lau et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7149581 | Goedeke | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7149588 | Lau et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7158839 | Lau | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7162307 | Patrias | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7164952 | Lau et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7177700 | Cox | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7181505 | Haller et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7184830 | Echt et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7186214 | Ness | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7191015 | Lamson et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7200437 | Nabutovsky et al. | Apr 2007 | B1 |
7200439 | Zdeblick et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7206423 | Feng et al. | Apr 2007 | B1 |
7209785 | Kim et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7209790 | Thompson et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7211884 | Davis et al. | May 2007 | B1 |
7212871 | Morgan | May 2007 | B1 |
7226440 | Gelfand et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7228183 | Sun et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7236821 | Cates et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7236829 | Farazi et al. | Jun 2007 | B1 |
7254448 | Almendinger et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7260436 | Kilgore et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7270669 | Sra | Sep 2007 | B1 |
7272448 | Morgan et al. | Sep 2007 | B1 |
7277755 | Falkenberg et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
7280872 | Mosesov et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
7288096 | Chin | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7289847 | Gill et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
7289852 | Helfinstine et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7289853 | Campbell et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
7289855 | Nghiem et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7302294 | Kamath et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7305266 | Kroll | Dec 2007 | B1 |
7310556 | Bulkes | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7319905 | Morgan et al. | Jan 2008 | B1 |
7333853 | Mazar et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7336994 | Hettrick et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7347819 | Lebel et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7366572 | Heruth et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7373207 | Lattouf | May 2008 | B2 |
7384403 | Sherman | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7386342 | Falkenberg et al. | Jun 2008 | B1 |
7392090 | Sweeney et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7406105 | DelMain et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7406349 | Seeberger et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7410497 | Hastings et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7425200 | Brockway et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7433739 | Salys et al. | Oct 2008 | B1 |
7496409 | Greenhut et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7496410 | Heil | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7502652 | Gaunt et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7512448 | Malick et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7515969 | Tockman et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7526342 | Chin et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7529589 | Williams et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7532933 | Hastings et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7536222 | Bardy et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7536224 | Ritscher et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7539541 | Quiles et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7544197 | Kelsch et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7558631 | Cowan et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
7565195 | Kroll et al. | Jul 2009 | B1 |
7584002 | Burnes et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7590455 | Heruth et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7606621 | Brisken et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7610088 | Chinchoy | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7610092 | Cowan et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7610099 | Almendinger et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7610104 | Kaplan et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7616991 | Mann et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7617001 | Penner et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7617007 | Williams et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7630767 | Poore et al. | Dec 2009 | B1 |
7634313 | Kroll et al. | Dec 2009 | B1 |
7637867 | Zdeblick | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7640060 | Zdeblick | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7647109 | Hastings et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7650186 | Hastings et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7657311 | Bardy et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7668596 | Von Arx et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7682316 | Anderson et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7691047 | Ferrari | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7702392 | Echt et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7713194 | Zdeblick | May 2010 | B2 |
7713195 | Zdeblick | May 2010 | B2 |
7729783 | Michels et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7734333 | Ghanem et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7734343 | Ransbury et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7738958 | Zdeblick et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7738964 | Von Arx et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7742812 | Ghanem et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7742816 | Masoud et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7742822 | Masoud et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7743151 | Vallapureddy et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7747335 | Williams | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7751881 | Cowan et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7758521 | Morris et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7761150 | Ghanem et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7761164 | Verhoef et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7765001 | Echt et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7769452 | Ghanem et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7783362 | Whitehurst et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7792588 | Harding | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7797059 | Bornzin et al. | Sep 2010 | B1 |
7801596 | Fischell et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7809438 | Echt et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7840281 | Kveen et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7844331 | Li et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7844348 | Swoyer et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7846088 | Ness | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7848815 | Brisken et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7848823 | Drasler et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7860455 | Fukumoto et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7871433 | Lattouf | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7877136 | Moffitt et al. | Jan 2011 | B1 |
7877142 | Moaddeb et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7881786 | Jackson | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7881798 | Miesel et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7881810 | Chitre et al. | Feb 2011 | B1 |
7890173 | Brisken et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7890181 | Denzene et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7890192 | Kelsch et al. | Feb 2011 | B1 |
7894885 | Bartal et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7894894 | Stadler et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7894907 | Cowan et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7894910 | Cowan et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7894915 | Chitre et al. | Feb 2011 | B1 |
7899537 | Kroll et al. | Mar 2011 | B1 |
7899541 | Cowan et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7899542 | Cowan et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7899554 | Williams et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7901360 | Yang et al. | Mar 2011 | B1 |
7904170 | Harding | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7907993 | Ghanem et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7920928 | Yang et al. | Apr 2011 | B1 |
7925343 | Min et al. | Apr 2011 | B1 |
7930022 | Zhang et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7930040 | Kelsch et al. | Apr 2011 | B1 |
7937135 | Ghanem et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7937148 | Jacobson | May 2011 | B2 |
7937161 | Hastings et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7941214 | Kleckner et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7945333 | Jacobson | May 2011 | B2 |
7946997 | Hübinette | May 2011 | B2 |
7949404 | Hill | May 2011 | B2 |
7949405 | Feher | May 2011 | B2 |
7953486 | Daum et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7953493 | Fowler et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7962202 | Bhunia | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7974702 | Fain et al. | Jul 2011 | B1 |
7979136 | Young et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
7983753 | Severin | Jul 2011 | B2 |
7991467 | Markowitz et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
7991471 | Ghanem et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
7996087 | Cowan et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8000791 | Sunagawa et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8000807 | Morris et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8001975 | DiSilvestro et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8002700 | Ferek-Petric et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8010209 | Jacobson | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8019419 | Panescu et al. | Sep 2011 | B1 |
8019434 | Quiles et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8027727 | Freeberg | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8027729 | Sunagawa et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8032219 | Neumann et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8036743 | Savage et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8046079 | Bange et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8046080 | Von Arx et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8050297 | Delmain et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8050759 | Stegemann et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8050774 | Kveen et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8055345 | Li et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8055350 | Roberts | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8060212 | Rios et al. | Nov 2011 | B1 |
8065018 | Haubrich et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8073542 | Doerr | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8078278 | Penner | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8078283 | Cowan et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8095123 | Gray | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8102789 | Rosar et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8103359 | Reddy | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8103361 | Moser | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8112148 | Giftakis et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8114021 | Robertson et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8121680 | Falkenberg et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8123684 | Zdeblick | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8126545 | Flach et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8131334 | Lu et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8140161 | Willerton et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8150521 | Crowley et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8160672 | Kim et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8160702 | Mann et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8160704 | Freeberg | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8165694 | Carbanaru et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8175715 | Cox | May 2012 | B1 |
8180451 | Hickman et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8185213 | Kveen et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8187161 | Li et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8195293 | Limousin et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8204595 | Pianca et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8204605 | Hastings et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8209014 | Doerr | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8214043 | Matos | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8224244 | Kim et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8229556 | Li | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8233985 | Bulkes et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8265748 | Liu et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8265757 | Mass et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8262578 | Bharmi et al. | Oct 2012 | B1 |
8280521 | Haubrich et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8285387 | Utsi et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8290598 | Boon et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8290600 | Hastings et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8295939 | Jacobson | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8301254 | Mosesov et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8315701 | Cowan et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8315708 | Berthelsdorf et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8321021 | Kisker et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8321036 | Brockway et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8332036 | Hastings et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8335563 | Stessman | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8335568 | Heruth et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8340750 | Prakash et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8340780 | Hastings et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8352025 | Jacobson | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8352028 | Wenger | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8352038 | Mao et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8359098 | Lund et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8364261 | Stubbs et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8364276 | Willis | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8369959 | Meskens | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8369962 | Abrahamson | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8380320 | Spital | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8386051 | Rys | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8391981 | Mosesov | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8391990 | Smith et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8406874 | Liu et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8406879 | Shuros et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8406886 | Gaunt et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8412352 | Griswold et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8417340 | Goossen | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8417341 | Freeberg | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8423149 | Hennig | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8428722 | Verhoef et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8433402 | Ruben et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8433409 | Johnson et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8433420 | Bange et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8447412 | Dal Molin et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
8452413 | Young et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
8457740 | Osche | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8457742 | Jacobson | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8457744 | Janzig et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8457761 | Wariar | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8478407 | Demmer et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8478408 | Hastings et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8478431 | Griswold et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8494632 | Sun et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8504156 | Bonner et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8509910 | Sowder et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8515559 | Roberts et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8525340 | Eckhardt et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8527068 | Ostroff | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8532790 | Griswold | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8538526 | Stahmann et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8541131 | Lund et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8543205 | Ostroff | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8547248 | Zdeblick et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8548605 | Ollivier | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8554333 | Wu et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8565882 | Matos | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8565897 | Regnier et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8571678 | Wang | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8577327 | Makdissi et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8588926 | Moore et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8612002 | Faltys et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8615310 | Khairkhahan et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8626280 | Allavatam et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8626294 | Sheldon et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8634908 | Cowan | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8634912 | Bornzin et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8634919 | Hou et al. | Jan 2014 | B1 |
8639335 | Peichel et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8644934 | Hastings et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8649859 | Smith et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8670842 | Bornzin et al. | Mar 2014 | B1 |
8676319 | Knoll | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8676335 | Katoozi et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8700173 | Edlund | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8700181 | Bornzin et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8705599 | dal Molin et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8718766 | Wahlberg | May 2014 | B2 |
8718773 | Willis et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8725260 | Shuros et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8738133 | Shuros et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8738147 | Hastings et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8744555 | Allavatam et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8744572 | Greenhut et al. | Jun 2014 | B1 |
8747314 | Stahmann et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8755884 | Demmer et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8758365 | Bonner et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8768483 | Schmitt et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8774572 | Hamamoto | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8781605 | Bomzin et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8788035 | Jacobson | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8788053 | Jacobson | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8798740 | Samade et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8798745 | Jacobson | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8798762 | Fain et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8798770 | Reddy | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8805505 | Roberts | Aug 2014 | B1 |
8805528 | Corndorf | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8812109 | Blomqvist et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8818504 | Bodner et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8827913 | Havel et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8831747 | Min et al. | Sep 2014 | B1 |
8855789 | Jacobson | Oct 2014 | B2 |
8868186 | Kroll | Oct 2014 | B2 |
8886339 | Faltys et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
8903473 | Rogers et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8903500 | Smith et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8903513 | Ollivier | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8909336 | Navarro-Paredes et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8914131 | Bornzin et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8923795 | Makdissi et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8923963 | Bonner et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8938300 | Rosero | Jan 2015 | B2 |
8942806 | Sheldon et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
8958892 | Khairkhahan et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
8977358 | Ewert et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
8989873 | Locsin | Mar 2015 | B2 |
8996109 | Karst et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
9002467 | Smith et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9008776 | Cowan et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9008777 | Dianaty et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9014818 | Deterre et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9017341 | Bornzin et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9020611 | Khairkhahan et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9037262 | Regnier et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
9042984 | Demmer et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
9072911 | Hastings et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
9072913 | Jacobson | Jul 2015 | B2 |
9155882 | Grubac et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
9168372 | Fain | Oct 2015 | B2 |
9168380 | Greenhut et al. | Oct 2015 | B1 |
9168383 | Jacobson et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
9180285 | Moore et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9192774 | Jacobson | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9205225 | Khairkhahan et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9216285 | Boling et al. | Dec 2015 | B1 |
9216293 | Berthiaume et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9216298 | Jacobson | Dec 2015 | B2 |
9227077 | Jacobson | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9238145 | Wenzel et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9242102 | Khairkhahan et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9242113 | Smith et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9248300 | Rys et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
9265436 | Min et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
9265962 | Dianaty et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
9272155 | Ostroff | Mar 2016 | B2 |
9278218 | Karst et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
9278229 | Reinke et al. | Mar 2016 | B1 |
9283381 | Grubac et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
9283382 | Berthiaume et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
9289612 | Sambelashvili et al. | Mar 2016 | B1 |
9302115 | Molin et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
9333364 | Echt et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
9358387 | Suwito et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9358400 | Jacobson | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9364675 | Deterre et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9370663 | Moulder | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9375580 | Bonner et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9375581 | Baru et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
9381365 | Kibler et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
9393424 | Demmer et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
9393436 | Doerr | Jul 2016 | B2 |
9399139 | Demmer et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
9399140 | Cho et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
9409033 | Jacobson | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9427594 | Bornzin et al. | Aug 2016 | B1 |
9433368 | Stahmann et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
9433780 | Régnier et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
9457193 | Klimovitch et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
9492668 | Sheldon et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9492669 | Demmer et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9492674 | Schmidt et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9492677 | Greenhut et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
9511233 | Sambelashvili | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9511236 | Varady et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9511237 | Deterre et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9522276 | Shen et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9522280 | Fishier et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9526522 | Wood et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9526891 | Eggen et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9526909 | Stahmann et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9533163 | Klimovitch et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
9561382 | Persson et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
9566012 | Greenhut et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
9636511 | Carney et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
9669223 | Auricchio et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
9687654 | Sheldon et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
9687655 | Pertijs et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
9687659 | Von Arx et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
9694186 | Carney et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
20020032470 | Linberg | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020035376 | Bardy et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020035377 | Bardy et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020035378 | Bardy et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020035380 | Rissmann et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020035381 | Bardy et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020042629 | Bardy et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20020042630 | Bardy et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20020042634 | Bardy et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20020049475 | Bardy et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20020052636 | Bardy et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
20020068958 | Bardy et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020072773 | Bardy et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020082665 | Haller et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020091414 | Bardy et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020095196 | Linberg | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020099423 | Berg et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020103510 | Bardy et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020107545 | Rissmann et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020107546 | Ostroff et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020107547 | Erlinger et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020107548 | Bardy et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020107549 | Bardy et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020107559 | Sanders et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020120299 | Ostroff et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020173830 | Starkweather et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020193846 | Pool et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030009203 | Lebel et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030028082 | Thompson | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030040779 | Engmark et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030041866 | Linberg et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030045805 | Sheldon et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030088278 | Bardy et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030097153 | Bardy et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030105497 | Zhu et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030114908 | Flach | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030144701 | Mehra et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030187460 | Chin et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030187461 | Chin | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20040024435 | Leckrone et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040068302 | Rodgers et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040087938 | Leckrone et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040088035 | Guenst et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040102830 | Williams | May 2004 | A1 |
20040127959 | Amundson et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040133242 | Chapman et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040147969 | Mann et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040147973 | Hauser | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040167558 | Igo et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040167587 | Thompson | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040172071 | Bardy et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040172077 | Chinchoy | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040172104 | Berg et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040176817 | Wahlstrand et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040176818 | Wahlstrand et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040176830 | Fang | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040186529 | Bardy et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040204673 | Flaherty | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040210292 | Bardy et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040210293 | Bardy et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040210294 | Bardy et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040215308 | Bardy et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040220624 | Ritscher et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040220626 | Wagner | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040220639 | Mulligan et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040249431 | Ransbury et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040260348 | Bakken et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040267303 | Guenst | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050061320 | Lee et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050070962 | Echt et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050102003 | Grabek et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050149138 | Min et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050165466 | Morris et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050182465 | Ness | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050203410 | Jenkins | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050283208 | Von Arx et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050288743 | Ahn et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060042830 | Maghribi et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060052829 | Sun et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060052830 | Spinelli et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060064135 | Brockway | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060064149 | Belacazar et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060085039 | Hastings et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060085041 | Hastings et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060085042 | Hastings et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060095078 | Tronnes | May 2006 | A1 |
20060106442 | Richardson et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060116746 | Chin | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060135999 | Bodner et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060136004 | Cowan et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060161061 | Echt et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060200002 | Guenst | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060206151 | Lu | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060206170 | Denker | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060212079 | Routh et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060241701 | Markowitz et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060241705 | Neumann et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060247672 | Vidlund et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060259088 | Pastore et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060265018 | Smith et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20070004979 | Wojciechowicz et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070016098 | Kim et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070027508 | Cowan | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070078490 | Cowan et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070088394 | Jacobson | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070088396 | Jacobson | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070088397 | Jacobson | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070088398 | Jacobson | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070088405 | Jacobson | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070135882 | Drasler et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070135883 | Drasler et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070150019 | Youker et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070150037 | Hastings et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070150038 | Hastings et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070156190 | Cinbis | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070219525 | Gelfand et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070219590 | Hastings et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070225545 | Ferrari | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070233206 | Frikart et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070239244 | Morgan et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070255376 | Michels et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070276444 | Gelbart et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070293900 | Sheldon et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070293904 | Gelbart et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080004663 | Jorgenson | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080021505 | Hastings et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080021519 | De Geest et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080021532 | Kveen et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080065183 | Whitehurst et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080065185 | Worley | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080071318 | Brooke et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080109054 | Hastings et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080119911 | Rosero | May 2008 | A1 |
20080130670 | Kim et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080154139 | Shuros et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080154322 | Jackson et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080228234 | Stancer | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080234771 | Chinchoy et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080243217 | Wildon | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080269814 | Rosero | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080269825 | Chinchoy et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080275518 | Ghanem et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080275519 | Ghanem et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080288039 | Reddy | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080294208 | Willis et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080294210 | Rosero | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080306359 | Zdeblick et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090018599 | Hastings et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090024180 | Kisker et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090036941 | Corbucci | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090048646 | Katoozi et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090062895 | Stahmann et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090082827 | Kveen et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090082828 | Ostroff | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090088813 | Brockway et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090131907 | Chin et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090135886 | Robertson et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090143835 | Pastore et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090171408 | Solem | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090171414 | Kelly et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090204163 | Shuros et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090204170 | Hastings et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090210024 | M | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090216292 | Pless et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090234407 | Hastings et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090234411 | Sambelashvili et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090266573 | Engmark et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090275998 | Burnes et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090275999 | Burnes et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090299447 | Jensen et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100013668 | Kantervik | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100016911 | Willis et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100023085 | Wu et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100030061 | Canfield et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100030327 | Chatel | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100042108 | Hibino | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100056871 | Govari et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100063375 | Kassab et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100063562 | Cowan et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100094367 | Sen | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100114209 | Krause et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100114214 | Morelli et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100125281 | Jacobson et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100168761 | Kassab et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100168819 | Freeberg | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100198288 | Ostroff | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100198304 | Wang | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100217367 | Belson | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100228308 | Cowan et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100234906 | Koh | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100234924 | Willis | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100241185 | Mahapatra et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100249729 | Morris et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100286744 | Echt et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100312309 | Harding | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110022113 | Zdeblick et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110071586 | Jacobson | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110077708 | Ostroff | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110112600 | Cowan et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110118588 | Komblau et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110118810 | Cowan et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110137187 | Yang et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110144720 | Cowan et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110152970 | Jollota et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110160558 | Rassatt et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110160565 | Stubbs et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110160801 | Markowitz et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110160806 | Lyden et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110166620 | Cowan et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110166621 | Cowan et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110184491 | Kivi | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110190835 | Brockway et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110208260 | Jacobson | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110218587 | Jacobson | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110230734 | Fain et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110237967 | Moore et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110245890 | Brisben et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110251660 | Griswold | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110251662 | Griswold et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110270099 | Ruben et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110270339 | Murray, III et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110270340 | Pellegrini et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110276102 | Cohen | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110276111 | Carbunaru et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110282423 | Jacobson | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20120004527 | Thompson et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120029323 | Zhao | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120041508 | Rousso et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120059433 | Cowan et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120059436 | Fontaine et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120065500 | Rogers et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120078322 | Dal Molin et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120089198 | Ostroff | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120093245 | Makdissi et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120095521 | Hintz | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120095539 | Khairkhahan et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120101540 | O'Brien et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120101553 | Reddy | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120109148 | Bonner et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120109149 | Bonner et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120109236 | Jacobson et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120109259 | Bond et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120116489 | Khairkhahan et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120150251 | Giftakis et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120158111 | Khairkhahan et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120165827 | Khairkhahan et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120172690 | Anderson et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120172891 | Lee | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120172892 | Grubac et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120172942 | Berg | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120197350 | Roberts et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120197373 | Khairkhahan et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120215285 | Tahmasian et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120232565 | Kveen et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120277600 | Greenhut | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120277606 | Ellingson et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120283795 | Stancer et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120283807 | Deterre et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120290025 | Keimel | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120296381 | Mates | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120303082 | Dong et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120316613 | Keefe et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130012151 | Hankins | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130023975 | Locsin | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130035748 | Bonner et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130041422 | Jacobson | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130053908 | Smith et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130053915 | Holmstrom et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130053921 | Bonner et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130060298 | Splett et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130066169 | Rys et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130072770 | Rao et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130079798 | Tran et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130079861 | Reinert et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130085350 | Schugt et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130085403 | Gunderson et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130085550 | Polefko et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130096649 | Martin et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130103047 | Steingisser et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130103109 | Jacobson | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130110008 | Bourget et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130110127 | Bornzin et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130110192 | Tran et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130110219 | Bornzin et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130116529 | Min et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130116738 | Samade et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130116740 | Bornzin et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130116741 | Bornzin et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130123872 | Bornzin et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130123875 | Varady et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130131591 | Berthiaume et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130131693 | Berthiaume et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130138006 | Bornzin et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130150695 | Biela et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130150911 | Perschbacher et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130150912 | Perschbacher et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130184776 | Shuros et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
20130196703 | Masoud et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130197609 | Moore et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130231710 | Jacobson | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130238072 | Deterre et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130238073 | Makdissi et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130253342 | Griswold et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130253343 | Waldhauser et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130253344 | Griswold et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130253345 | Griswold et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130253346 | Griswold et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130253347 | Griswold et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130261497 | Pertijs et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130265144 | Banna et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130268042 | Hastings et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130274828 | Willis | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130274847 | Ostroff | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130282070 | Cowan et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130282073 | Cowan et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130296727 | Sullivan et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20130303872 | Taff et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20130324825 | Ostroff et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20130325081 | Karst et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20130345770 | Dianaty et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20140012344 | Hastings et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140018876 | Ostroff | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140018877 | Demmer et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140031836 | Ollivier | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140039570 | Carroll et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140039591 | Drasler et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140043146 | Makdissi et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140046395 | Regnier et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140046420 | Moore et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140058240 | Mothilal et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140058494 | Ostroff et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
20140074114 | Khairkhahan | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140074186 | Faltys et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140094891 | Pare et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
20140100627 | Min | Apr 2014 | A1 |
20140107723 | Hou et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
20140121719 | Bonner et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140121720 | Bonner et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140121722 | Sheldon et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140128935 | Kumar et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140135865 | Hastings et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140142648 | Smith et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140148675 | Nordstrom et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140148815 | Wenzel et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140155950 | Hastings et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140169162 | Romano et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140172060 | Bornzin et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140180306 | Grubac et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140180366 | Edlund | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140207149 | Hastings et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
20140207210 | Willis et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
20140214104 | Greenhut et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
20140222098 | Baru et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140222109 | Moulder | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140228913 | Molin et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140236172 | Hastings et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140243848 | Auricchio et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140255298 | Cole et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140257324 | Fain | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140257422 | Herken | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140257444 | Cole et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140276929 | Foster et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140303704 | Suwito et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20140309706 | Jacobson | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20140379041 | Foster | Dec 2014 | A1 |
20150025612 | Haasl et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150039041 | Smith et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051609 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051610 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051611 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051612 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051613 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051614 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051615 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051616 | Haasl et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150051682 | Schmidt et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150057520 | Foster et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150057558 | Stahmann et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150057721 | Stahmann et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150088155 | Stahmann et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150097734 | Zhao | Apr 2015 | A1 |
20150100108 | Vansickle et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
20150105836 | Bonner et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
20150127068 | Simon | May 2015 | A1 |
20150157861 | Aghassian | Jun 2015 | A1 |
20150173655 | Demmer et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
20150190638 | Smith et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
20150196756 | Stahmann et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
20150196757 | Stahmann et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
20150196758 | Stahmann et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
20150196769 | Stahmann et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
20150217119 | Nikolski et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150221898 | Chi et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150224315 | Stahmann | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150224320 | Stahmann | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150231398 | Marnfeldt | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150258345 | Smith et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
20150290468 | Zhang | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150297905 | Greenhut et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150297907 | Zhang | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150305637 | Greenhut et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150305638 | Zhang | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150305639 | Greenhut et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150305640 | Reinke et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150305641 | Stadler et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150305642 | Reinke et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150306374 | Seifert et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150306375 | Marshall et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150306406 | Crutchfield et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150306407 | Crutchfield et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150306408 | Greenhut et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150321016 | O'Brien et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
20150328459 | Chin et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
20160015322 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
20160023000 | Cho et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
20160030757 | Jacobson | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20160033177 | Barot et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20160121127 | Klimovitch et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
20160121128 | Fishler et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
20160121129 | Persson et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
20160213919 | Suwito et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
20160213937 | Reinke et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
20160213939 | Carney et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
20160228026 | Jackson | Aug 2016 | A1 |
20160317825 | Jacobson | Nov 2016 | A1 |
20160367823 | Cowan et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20170014629 | Ghosh et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
20170035315 | Jackson | Feb 2017 | A1 |
20170043173 | Sharma et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
20170043174 | Greenhut et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
20170189681 | Anderson | Jul 2017 | A1 |
20180228397 | Dumanli Oktar | Aug 2018 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2008279789 | Oct 2011 | AU |
2008329620 | May 2014 | AU |
2014203793 | Jul 2014 | AU |
1003904 | Jan 1977 | CA |
202933393 | May 2013 | CN |
0362611 | Apr 1990 | EP |
603823 | Sep 1992 | EP |
1702648 | Sep 2006 | EP |
1904166 | Jun 2011 | EP |
2433675 | Jan 2013 | EP |
2441491 | Jan 2013 | EP |
2452721 | Nov 2013 | EP |
1948296 | Jan 2014 | EP |
2662113 | Jan 2014 | EP |
2471452 | Dec 2014 | EP |
2760541 | May 2016 | EP |
2833966 | May 2016 | EP |
2000051373 | Feb 2000 | JP |
2002502640 | Jan 2002 | JP |
2004512105 | Apr 2004 | JP |
2005508208 | Mar 2005 | JP |
2005245215 | Sep 2005 | JP |
2008540040 | Nov 2008 | JP |
6199867 | Feb 2013 | JP |
09500202 | Jan 1995 | WO |
9636134 | Nov 1996 | WO |
9724981 | Jul 1997 | WO |
9826840 | Jun 1998 | WO |
9939767 | Aug 1999 | WO |
0234330 | Jan 2003 | WO |
02098282 | May 2003 | WO |
2005000206 | Apr 2005 | WO |
2005042089 | May 2005 | WO |
2006045075 | Apr 2006 | WO |
2006065394 | Jun 2006 | WO |
2006086435 | Aug 2006 | WO |
2006113659 | Oct 2006 | WO |
2006124833 | May 2007 | WO |
2007075974 | Jul 2007 | WO |
2009006531 | Jan 2009 | WO |
2012054102 | Apr 2012 | WO |
2013080038 | Jun 2013 | WO |
2013098644 | Aug 2013 | WO |
2013184787 | Dec 2013 | WO |
2014120769 | Aug 2014 | WO |
Entry |
---|
US 8,886,318 B2, 11/2014, Jacobson et al. (withdrawn) |
Hachisuka et al., “Development and Performance Analysis of an Intra-Body Communication Device,” The 12th International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, vol. 4A1.3, pp. 1722-1725, 2003. |
Seyedi et al., “A Survey on Intrabody Communications for Body Area Network Application,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,vol. 60(8): 2067-2079, 2013. |
Wegmüller, “Intra-Body Communication for Biomedical Sensor Networks,” Diss. ETH, No. 17323, 1-173, 2007. |
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration, Jan. 29, 2016, 15 pages. |
Spickler et al., “Totally Self-Contained Intracardiac Pacemaker,” Journal of Electrocardiology, vol. 3(384): 324-331, 1970. |
“Instructions for Use System 1, Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker (LCP) and Delivery Catheter,” Nanostim Leadless Pacemakers, pp. 1-28, 2013. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for Application No. PCT/US20171025384, 24 pages, dated Jun. 28, 2017. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20170281955 A1 | Oct 2017 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62316158 | Mar 2016 | US |