Patent Application
20080194953
The invention relates to prosthetic implants, and specifically to noise suppression of implanted sensors for prosthetic implants.
Various medical devices and sensors may usefully be implantable in a user patient. For example, prosthetic systems such as cochlear implant systems may be usefully implanted in persons suffering from partial or complete deafness.
Deafness may be due to total sensorineural hearing loss where the cochlea does not respond to sound waves, and therefore does not generate electrical signals for transmission to the cochleal nerves. An auditory prosthesis may use a suitable stimulation electrode arrangement capable of stimulating the auditory nerves. One current prosthesis design includes an external transmitter and battery, and an internal receiver. The receiver interacts with electrodes that are surgically placed in the cochlea to allow selective stimulation of the cochlear wall (Hochmair et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,284,856 and 4,357,497, incorporated herein by reference). The electrodes are typically contained in a substantially flexible electrode carrier having sufficient stiffness to be guided into the cochlea in the desired coiled shape (Hochmair-Desoyer et al., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 405:173-182 (1991), incorporated herein by reference).
To overcome sensorineural hearing loss, a cochlear implant system produces direct electrical stimulation of the cochlea 104. A typical system may include an external microphone that provides an audio signal input to a signal processing stage (not shown) where various signal processing schemes can be implemented. For example, signal processing approaches that are well-known in the field of cochlear implants include continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) digital signal processing, channel specific sampling sequences (CSSS) digital signal processing (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,348,070, incorporated herein by reference), spectral peak (SPEAK) digital signal processing, and compressed analog (CA) signal processing. Typically, the processed signal is then converted into a digital data format, such as a sequence of data frames, for transmission into an implanted receiver processor 109.
Besides getting the processed audio information to the implanted receiver processor 109, existing cochlear implant systems also need to deliver electrical power from outside the body through the skin to satisfy the power requirements of the implanted portion of the system.
In addition to extracting the audio information, the receiver processor 109 also performs additional signal processing such as error correction, pulse formation, etc., and produces a stimulation pattern (based on the extracted audio information) that is sent through connecting leads 112 to an implanted electrode carrier 113. Typically, this electrode carrier 113 includes multiple electrodes on its surface that provide selective stimulation of the cochlea 104. The transmission rf signal for primary coil 110 is typically provided by an external behind-the-ear (BTE) module, which may also contain other system components such as the microphone and the external signal processing arrangement.
Besides deafness, various other medical conditions may be usefully addressed with one or more implantable sensors or electrodes. For example, various vocal cord problems such as bilateral vocal cord paralysis, unilateral vocal cord paralysis, voice problems, swallowing problems, aspiration, dysphagia, etc. may be benefit from an implanted pacemaker which includes one or more sensors. U.S. Pat. No. 7,069,082 describes one specific such system and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Implanted pacemakers with one or more sensors or electrodes may also be useful in the case of obstructive sleep apnea. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,361,494, “Electrode And Method For Measuring Muscle Activity In The Pharyngeal Airways,” describes one specific such system and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Implanted sensors and electrodes are also useful for the treatment of neurological disorders such as for an overactive bladder, urinary urge incontinence, urinary urge-frequency incontinence, urinary urge retention, micturition, fecal incontinence, defecation, peristalsis, pelvic pain, prostatitis, prostatalgia and prostatodynia, erection, and ejaculation. An example of one such system is provided by U.S. Patent Publication 20070282317, “Implantable Microphone For Treatment Of Neurological Disorders,” filed May 18, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Newer implanted prosthetic systems are now implanting within the patient many functional components which previously had been provided externally. For example, a sensing microphone and associated signal processing circuitry may be implanted subcutaneously.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to an implantable sensing system. An implantable sensor generates a sensing signal representative of an internal sensing location of a user. A sensing gate is coupled to the sensor and responsive to the sensing signal. The sensing gate has a sensing gate threshold value such that when the sensing signal is greater than the sensing gate threshold, the sensing signal is coupled from the sensing gate to an implanted signal processor, and when the sensing signal is less than the sensing gate threshold, the sensing signal is blocked.
In various embodiments, the sensing gate threshold may be user-controllable and/or software-controllable. For example, the sensing gate may include a sleep mode in which the sensing gate threshold is set to a high value for reducing noise for sleeping.
In specific embodiments, the implantable sensor may be an implantable pressure transducer such as an implantable microphone. In other embodiments the implantable sensor may be an electromyography signal sensor, an electroencephalography signal sensor, or an electroneurography signal sensor. The sensor may be an ultrasound sensor, a temperature sensor, an acceleration sensor, an impedance sensor, a capacitive sensor, or an inductive sensor.
Embodiments also include an implantable prosthesis system including an implantable sensing system according to any of the above. The prosthesis system may be a cochlear implant system or a middle ear implant system. In other embodiments the prosthesis system may be a pacemaker for vocal cord dysfunctions or for obstructive sleep apnea. Or the prosthesis system may be a neurological disorder treatment system such as for a disorder of at least one of overactive bladder, urinary urge incontinence, urinary urge-frequency incontinence, urinary urge retention, micturition, fecal incontinence, defecation, peristalsis, pelvic pain, prostatitis, prostatalgia and prostatodynia, erection and ejaculation.
Embodiments of the present invention also include a method for an implantable sensing system. A sensing signal representative of an internal sensing location of a user is generated. The sensing signal is coupled to a sensing gate having a sensing gate threshold value. The sensing signal is compared to the sensing gate threshold value. When the sensing signal is greater than the sensing gate threshold value, the sensing signal is coupled from the sensing gate to an implanted signal processor. And when the sensing signal is less than the sensing gate threshold value, the sensing signal is blocked.
In various other embodiments, the sensing gate threshold may be user-controllable and/or software-controllable. For example, the sensing gate may include a sleep mode in which the sensing gate threshold is set to a high value for reducing noise for sleeping.
In specific embodiments, the sensing signal may be a pressure signal, for example, from a microphone. Or the sensing signal may be an electromyography signal, an electroencephalography signal, or an electroneurography signal. The sensing signal may be an ultrasound signal, a temperature signal, an acceleration signal, an impedance signal, a capacitive signal, or an inductive signal.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to reducing noise from an implanted sensor such as a microphone of an implanted prosthetic system such as a cochlear implant system or a middle ear implant system. For example, in the cochlear implant system shown in
One problem with an implanted microphone is that the electric signal it generates can be affected by other noises than simply the acoustic environment near the patient. For example, the microphone produces intrinsic noise (e.g., when the dynamic range is too limited). Also, the body tissue surrounding the microphone housing produces various biological noises. Such undesired and unnecessary noises can be very distracting and otherwise problematic.
In embodiments of the present invention, the microphone output is not passed along to further signal processing circuitry unless and until the amplitude of the microphone signal exceeds a given threshold value. Thus, an implanted sensing microphone generates an electrical microphone signal representative of acoustic activity in an internal sensing location of a user. A sensing gate, coupled to the microphone and responsive to the microphone signal, has a sensing gate threshold value such that the microphone signal is coupled from the sensing gate to an implanted signal processor when the microphone signal has a magnitude greater than the sensing gate threshold, and the microphone signal is blocked when the microphone signal has a magnitude less than the sensing gate threshold.
In some embodiments, the functionality of the preamp 302 and the sensing gate 303 may be combined such that signals below the threshold are blocked, and those above the threshold are linearly amplified as shown in the voltage response curve of
In some embodiments, the sensing gate 303 may be digitally implemented. In that case, the input/output curve of
Some embodiments may have a sleep mode that provides a good silence for the user to sleep. In such an embodiment, during the sleep mode the sensing gate threshold is set to a comparably high value in order to suppress most surrounding noises. Optimally, some loud noises such as the sound of an alarm clock or a smoke detector should exceed threshold so as to be heard by the user.
Although the example of cochlear implants is used, other examples of implantable sensors include without limitation implantable pressure transducers such as an implantable microphone, electromyography signal sensors, electroencephalography signal sensors, electroneurography signal sensors, ultrasound sensors, temperature sensors, acceleration sensors, impedance sensors, capacitive sensors, and inductive sensors. Besides cochlear implants, such sensors may be useful, for example, in a middle ear implant system, a pacemaker for vocal cord dysfunctions or for obstructive sleep apnea, or in a neurological disorder treatment system such as for an overactive bladder, urinary urge incontinence, urinary urge-frequency incontinence, urinary urge retention, micturition, fecal incontinence, defecation, peristalsis, pelvic pain, prostatitis, prostatalgia and prostatodynia, erection and ejaculation.
Although various exemplary embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made which will achieve some of the advantages of the invention without departing from the true scope of the invention.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/889,322, filed Feb. 12, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60889322 | Feb 2007 | US |
