Patent Application
20090073802
The present invention relates generally to a method of assembling an implantable miniature transponder according to claim 1 and an implantable transponder according to the preamble of claim 27.
Miniature radio frequency transponders are known to be useful for example for identification, information storage, access control, security and validation, as well as for comparable other purposes. The transponder described here will be used in particular for fitting in living creatures. Such transponders are implanted in the living body of an animal or a person by tissue implantation, e.g. with the help of an injection needle, for the identification of the creature. For the purpose of implantation, a miniaturized construction which incorporates transmitting/receiving circuits in an enclosure is required. A typical implantable miniature transponder known as prior art has a tubular, cylindrical shape, in particular the shape of a cone-shaped suppository. The outer dimensions of the transponder's enclosure usually have a diameter of about 1 to 2.5 millimetres and a length of 10 to 20 millimetres. These dimensions are suitable for the implantation in a domestic animal like a cat or a dog, or in the human body. For some applications and bodies, e.g. the body of a very small animal like a mouse or bird, or the body of a large animal like cattle or a horse, other dimensions and shapes are used. Since the range of the transmitter is linked with the size of its antenna, the use of a larger transponder having a long range may be useful for some applications.
Most transponders include a wire-wound electromagnetic, magnetic or electrical antenna, for example consisting of a ferrite rod surrounded by a coil, electrically connected to an integrated circuit which, in response to received transmitted energy obtained from the antenna, generates a response signal which is retransmitted to and through the antenna to a nearby reader. In other words, the integrated circuit is coupled to an induction coil, i.e. the electromagnetic, magnetic or electrical antenna, which enables the transponder to receive and utilize incident electromagnetic wave energy for power and to retransmit electromagnetic response signals. Initially, an operator, using a hand-held or other type of transmitter/reader, directs a magnetic field toward the implanted transponder. This energy, usually in the form of an electromagnetic radio wave, induces a current in the induction coil which charges a minute capacitor or similar energy storage component. After being energized, the transponder device sends back the information in the form of an electromagnetic wave which carries the identification information to an appropriate receiver, thus enabling identification of the transponder and, consequently, the carrier of the transponder. In this way, the animal or person can be recognised individually.
The integrated circuit, in particular in form of a semiconductor chip, may be mounted on a miniature printed circuit board being connected to the antenna and arranged on the end of the cylindrical antenna. Preferably, both the chip and the printed circuit board have such a small dimension that they are not wider and higher than the cross section of the antenna so as to align the antenna and the printed circuit board with the chip. The chip usually has a transmitter/receiver module and a memory module. In presence of a magnetic field, as described above, the energy supplied to the transponder will be used to transmit the data present in the memory, usually a unique coding.
An implantable transponder can be fitted in the body of a living creature in numerous locations. The transponder may already be fitted in an animal at a young age. It is important that the transponder does not emerge from the body or does not disappear if the animal is wounded. It may also be important that the transponder can be found easily for removal after the animal has died, possibly at the time of slaughter. Some transponders, above all transponders with an enclosure made of glass, are very fragile and create a lot of small and sharp particles when breaking, so that a location which is exposed to mechanical forces should be avoided.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,404 describes a transponder comprising a closed glass casing in which electrical components are placed, wherein the glass incorporates iron oxide. Furthermore, a method for the production of a transponder as described above is disclosed. A tubular glass part is provided which is already sealed on one side. The electrical components are then introduced and the other side is sealed. The transponder can be sealed with the aid of a gas flame and, in the case of glass containing iron oxide, the sealing can be carried out by means of infrared welding or high-frequency welding. The transponder is characterized by a high frangibility due to the fragile and inflexible glass enclosure. Consequently, the risk of destruction in case of external forces acting on the transponder is very high.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,794 discloses a transponder with an enclosure having an outside which is essentially made of plastic material. The plastic material is thermoplastic polyester. In order to avoid problems with sterilizing, the enclosure is made by injection molding. According to the description of said invention, the use of the plastic used has the disadvantage that the absorption of moisture cannot be ruled out to the same extent as with the use of glass. In order to avoid the adverse consequences of this on the electrical contents of the transponder, the space between the holder and the electrical parts is at least partially filled with a plastic material such as polysiloxane material. In order to make this polysiloxane material penetrate well at all points, the holder is preferably filled at reduced pressure. The enclosure consists of a plastic tube, which is of bottom-closed character, having one open end in which the electrical contents of the transponder is inserted, shut off by a plastic cap which closes the open end. Since the enclosure consists of two separate parts, namely a tube and a cap, and since the tiny cap has to be accurately positioned at the open end of the tube and hermetically joined to the tube, e.g. by welding, ultrasonic welding or adhesive, for closing the interior of the tube, the manufacturing process of the transponder is very complex.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,957 describes a transponder having a package formed of so-called hybridplastic, i.e. synthetic resin material, namely a suitable polymerized composition, which polymer is tougher than glass; which will absorb impact energy; which is resistant to cracking; which will be less likely to transfer shock to the electronics within the package; and which incorporates a cushioning medium, as in the form of silicone oil or gel, within the package for surrounding the electronics and protecting it and immobilizing it by submergence of the electronics within the cushioning medium. A specific polymer is preferred to provide requisite toughness, namely a synthetic resin commercially available under the trade name VECTRA. The main body of such material, as may be formed according to preference by being injection molded, extruded or thermoformed, and thereafter machined if necessary, is preferably in the form of an elongate closed tube as shown in said U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,794, being exemplary of circular cross section, and having a rounded closed bottom, but closed at the opposite end by a cap, so that both ends may be of the same or similar rounded configuration, or the opposite end may be squared off in accordance with preferred usage for the ultimate technical application of the transponder. The interior of the transponder is sealed by placing the cap onto the open mouth of the bottom-closed tube and ultrasonically welding the cap to the tube to bring about a hermetic seal between the tube and the cap. Due to the need of a separate cap and a complicated sealing process to seal the interior of the transponder with the cap, the closure process is still very complex and expensive.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a robust, long-lived and essentially cracking- and shatter-resistant transponder which does not have these disadvantages and which can be efficiently manufactured by using an automated safe process, and by providing such an assembly method.
This object is achieved by realising the features of the independent claims. Features which further develop the invention in an alternative or advantageous manner are described in the dependent patent claims.
The implantable miniature transponder to be assembled comprises an elongate tubular plastic enclosure and a transponder unit. The enclosure has a hollow interior enclosed by a generally cylindrical wall, defining a longitudinal axis, a first end of the cylindrical wall defining a first circular open mouth and a second end opposite to the first end. The transponder unit has an antenna and an integrated circuit, electrically connected to the antenna and so designed that in response to received transmitted energy obtained from the antenna, a response signal which is retransmitted to and through the antenna is generated. The method comprises the steps of inserting said transponder unit within the hollow interior of said enclosure, externally touching the first end with a forming tool, and completely closing the first end by reducing the width of the first mouth by means of deforming the first end inwards with the forming tool until the first mouth is totally closed.
The implantable miniature transponder provided by the invention comprises an elongate tubular plastic enclosure and a transponder unit. The enclosure has a hollow interior enclosed by a generally cylindrical wall, a first end of the cylindrical wall and a second end opposite of the first end. Both the first end and the second end are completely closed. The transponder unit is located within the hollow interior and is completely enclosed within the enclosure. The transponder unit has an antenna and an integrated circuit, electrically connected to the antenna and so designed that in response to received transmitted energy obtained from the antenna, a response signal which is retransmitted to and through the antenna is generated. According to the invention the tubular plastic enclosure comprising the cylindrical wall, the closed first end and the closed second end is a single thermoplastic piece. In particular, the thermoplastic material is a liquid crystal polymer, in particular having mineral filler, and the first end is completely closed by a hot deformation closure.
The invention will be explained in greater detail below with reference to examples of possible embodiments shown schematically in the drawings, in which:
a shows a side view of the transponder unit;
b shows a side view in cross section of the enclosure;
c shows the transponder unit inserted within the hollow interior of the enclosure;
d shows the transponder unit being completely closed within the enclosure;
a shows the enclosure chucked in a rotatable chuck mechanism;
b shows the step of filling the enclosure with a predetermined volume of silicone material;
c shows the step of coating the transponder unit with a thin layer of parylene;
d shows the step of inserting the transponder unit within the hollow interior of the enclosure;
e shows the step of causing a relative rotation between the enclosure and a forming tool, which is laterally positioned to the first end, wherein the forming tool is heated by resistance or inductive heating means;
f shows the step of completely closing the first end by reducing the width of the first mouth by means of deforming the first end inwards with the heated forming tool until the first mouth is totally closed;
g shows the step of cooling down the enclosure by a second active air cooling;
h shows the step of taking at least one picture of the first end and reproducing the captured picture by a video monitor for quality assurance;
In the following,
The method according to the invention serves for assembling an implantable miniature transponder 1, as shown in
The hollow cylindrical wall 4 of the plastic enclosure 2 has a first end 6 defining a first circular open mouth 7, or in other words a circular opening, and a second end 8 opposite to the first end 6, as shown in
If the enclosure 2 has two open mouths (not shown in the Figures), the following steps of closing the first mouth 7 of the first end 6 can be also performed to close the second mouth of the second end 8, preferably before the method of assembling is performed as described.
The enclosure may be formed by injection molding, extrusion or thermoforming, and thereafter machined if necessary.
The transponder 1 to be assembled further comprises the transponder unit 11 which provides the transponder functionality known from the prior art. The transponder unit 11, as shown in
In a preferred embodiment, the integrated circuit is coupled to an induction coil 17, which enables the transponder unit 11 to receive and utilize incident electromagnetic wave energy 14 for power and to retransmit electromagnetic response signals 15. After being energized by said wave energy 14, the transponder unit 11 sends back the information stored in the integrated circuit 13 in the form of an electromagnetic wave 15 which carries the identification information to an appropriate receiver, thus enabling identification of the transponder unit 11 to individually recognise the creature which carries the transponder 1, as described above and known from the prior art.
According to the invention, other types of transponder units 11 which operate actively instead of passively, as the type described above, may be used.
According to the invention, the method of assembling the implantable miniature transponder 1, as shown in
In the embodiment shown, the enclosure 2 is chucked in a rotatable chuck mechanism 27, preferably before the transponder unit is inserted, the first end 6 and the first circular open mouth 7 facing upwards, as shown in
In a possible embodiment of the invention the enclosure 2 is optionally filled with a predetermined volume of silicone material 41, e.g. a silicone fluid like a silicone oil or gel, before the transponder unit 11 is inserted within the hollow interior 3 of the enclosure 2, as shown in
Before the insertion in the plastic enclosure 2, the transponder unit 11 can optionally be coated with a thin layer, in particular a few micrometers of polymer, typically parylene material 42, in order to protect and insulate it, as shown in
The transponder unit 11 is inserted or led into the hollow interior 3 of the enclosure 2, preferably through the first open mouth 7 of said enclosure 2, the first mouth 7 facing upwards, so that the transponder unit 11 is totally enclosed by the enclosure 2 in radial direction, particularly by the cylindrical wall 4.
The transponder unit 11 is now located in the enclosure 2, as also shown in
At least a part of a forming tool 21a is laterally and/or axially positioned to the first end 6, as shown in
Further possible embodiments of this closure process are described more specifically in the following.
During the step of externally touching the first end 21a, applying external pressure to the first end 6 and deforming the first end 6 with the forming tool 21a, it is advantageous to cause a relative rotation between the enclosure 2 and the forming tool 21a about the longitudinal axis 5 of the enclosure 2, as shown in
At least a part of the forming tool 21a, being laterally positioned to the first end 6, is traversable towards the first end 6, in particular in a linear direction, as illustrated by means of the straight arrow in
The part of the forming tool 21a which touches the first end 6 may be a crescent-shaped flat tool, in particular formed of metal, as shown by means of example in
Depending on the movement of the forming tool for achieving the deformation and the closure of the first end 6, the use of any other suitable type of forming tool is possible. Preferably, the shape of the forming tool's part which touches the first end 6 as well as the movement of the forming tool 21a is such that the forming tool laterally touches the first end 6 from one single side. In particular, the forming tool is linearly moved towards the first end 6 along an axis which intersects the longitudinal axis with an angle that can vary between >0° and 90°, for example 90° to 60°, 90° to 45°, 90° to 30°, >0° to 30°, +0° to 45°, >0° to 60° or 30° to 60°, wherein >0° means marginally more than 0°. In the example shown in
Instead of using a forming tool 21a which is laterally positioned to the first end 6, which is traversable towards the first end 6 in particular in a direction which is non-parallel to the longitudinal axis 5 and which laterally applies external pressure to the first end 6 from one or more sides and consequently not from all sides simultaneously, so said a relative rotation between the forming tool 21a and the enclose 2 has to be caused to annularly deform the first end 6 inwards with the forming tool 21a until the mouth 7 is totally closed, as described above and shown in
All the above mentioned closure processes as described above have in common that the enclosure is closed without necessarily using any other part or element, such as a cap, like known from the prior art, or an adhesive. A single piece, i.e. the tubular plastic enclosure 2, is used to completely enclose the sensitive transponder unit 11. This has a considerable effect on the whole process of assembling the transponder 1 since it is possible to encapsulate the transponder unit 11 by using a single part, namely one tubular enclosure 2. Furthermore, the single-piece plastic enclosure 2 ensures a long durability of the transponder 1 within the body. An efficient and persistent manufacturing process is achieved by this invention.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first end is deformed and the mouth is closed such that a dome-shaped or hemispherical exterior is formed, as shown in
In a further embodiment of the invention, the plastic enclosure 2 is formed of a thermoplastic material, which can be plastically deformed when exposed to heat, preferably a liquid crystal polymer, in particular having mineral filler.
For supporting the deformation of the first end 6 and the closure, the first end 6 can be exposed to heat before and/or while the external pressure is applied and deforming the first end 6 so that the deformation and the closure of the first end 6 is at least partially achieved by hot deformation. Depending on the plastic material used, the first end 6 is heated to a specific temperature, for example 200 to 300 degree centigrade.
There are several possibilities to heat the first end for facilitating the deformation. It is possible to heat the first end 6 solely by frictional heat, caused by touching the first end 6 with the forming tool 21a or 21b. It is also possible to heat the forming tool 21a or 21b to a specific temperature, in particular 200 to 300 degree centigrade, to expose the first end 6 to heat. For example, as shown in
Alternatively, the first end 6 is directly exposed to heat, for example by a second laser beam 31, emitted by second laser means 32, wherein the second laser beam 31 is directed towards the first end 6, as shown in
In another further embodiment, also shown in
Additionally or alternatively, it is possible to cool down the enclosure 2, in particular by a second active air cooling 51 which is directed towards the enclosure 2, in particular the first end 6, after the first end 6 has been closed, to accelerate the whole process of hardening, as illustrated in
In another further embodiment of the invention, as shown in
Mainly the whole process as described above can be performed by automatic manipulating systems, controlled by a computer system. It is important that the above mentioned process takes place in a clean, reproducible manner with which no problems with contamination arise.
The invention also relates to an implantable miniature transponder 1, obtained by the method of assembling an implantable miniature transponder according to the invention.
The invention further relates to an implantable miniature transponder 1 comprising an elongate tubular plastic enclosure 2 and a transponder unit 11, as shown in cross-section in
Although the invention has been illustrated above partly with reference to some preferred embodiments, it must be understood that numerous modification and combinations of different features of the embodiments can be made. All of these modifications lie within the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 07116195.4 | Sep 2007 | EP | regional |
