This patent document makes reference to various U.S. Patent Documents, by Karl Deisseroth et al., including: U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/953,920 filed on Aug. 3, 2007 and entitled “Optical Tissue Interface”; U.S. Patent Application No. 60/955,116 filed on Aug. 10, 2007 and entitled “Cell Line, System And Method For Optical-Based Screening Of Ion-Channel Modulators”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,636 filed on Jul. 24, 2006 and entitled “Light-Activated Cation Channel and Uses Thereof” (and to its underlying patent documents); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/651,422; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,638; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/459,637; U.S. Provisional application Nos. 60/901,178, 60/904,303, and 60/701,799; and PCT Patent Application No. US2006/028868. These above-listed patent documents are fully incorporated by reference and are referred to at various pages of this patent document.
The present invention relates generally to optically-based stimulus systems for biological applications and to systems, devices and methods for effecting such stimulus.
The stimulation of various cells of the body has been used to produce a number of beneficial effects. One method of stimulation involves the use of electrodes to introduce an externally generated signal into cells. One problem faced by electrode-based brain stimulation techniques is the distributed nature of neurons responsible for a given mental or neurological process. Conversely, different types of neurons reside close to one another such that only certain cells in a given region of the brain are activated while performing a specific task. Alternatively stated, not only do heterogeneous nerve tracts move in parallel through tight spatial confines, but the cell bodies themselves may exist in mixed, sparsely embedded configurations. This distributed manner of processing impedes attempts to understand order within the central nervous system (CNS), and makes neuromodulation a difficult therapeutic endeavor. This architecture of the brain poses a problem for electrode-based stimulation because electrodes are relatively indiscriminate with regards to the underlying physiology of the neurons that they stimulate. Instead, physical proximity of the electrode poles to the neuron is often the single largest determining factor as to which neurons will be stimulated. Accordingly, it is generally not feasible to absolutely restrict stimulation to a single class of neuron using electrodes.
Another issue with the use of electrodes for stimulation is that because electrode placement dictates which neurons will be stimulated, mechanical stability is frequently inadequate, and results in lead migration of the electrodes from the targeted area. Moreover, after a period of time within the body, electrode leads frequently become encapsulated with glial cells, raising the effective electrical resistance of the electrodes, and hence the electrical power delivery required to reach targeted cells. Compensatory increases in voltage, frequency or pulse width, however, may spread the effects of the electrical current and thereby increase the level of unintended stimulation of additional cells.
Another method of stimulus uses photosensitive bio-molecular structures to stimulate target cells in response to light. For instance, light activated proteins can be used to control the flow of ions through cell membranes. By facilitating the flow of ions through cell membranes, the cell can be depolarized while inhibiting the flow of ions which can cause the cell to polarize. Neurons are an example of a type of cell that uses the electrical currents created by depolarization to generate communication signals (i.e., nerve impulses). Recently discovered techniques allow for stimulation of cells resulting in the rapid depolarization of cells (e.g., in the millisecond range). Such techniques can be used to control the depolarization of cells such as neurons. Neurons use rapid depolarization to transmit signals throughout the body and for various purposes, such as motor control (e.g., muscle contractions), sensory responses (e.g., touch, hearing, and other senses) and computational functions (e.g., brain functions). Thus, the control of the depolarization of cells can be beneficial for a number of different purposes, including (but not limited to) psychological therapy, muscle control and sensory functions. An advantage of this “optogenetic” approach is that specific neuronal populations may be selectively targeted for the light-mediated effects, while non-targeted populations remain unaffected. For further details on specific implementations of photosensitive bio-molecular structures and methods, reference can be made to “Millisecond-Timescale, Genetically Optical Control of Neural Activity”, by Boyden, Edward S. et al., Nature Neuroscience 8, 1263-1268 (2005), which is fully incorporated herein be reference.
While these and other methods are promising scientific discoveries, there is room for improvement, such as innovations that permit such technology to be used in the context of in vivo neuromodulation, for example, to treat diseases in humans. Often, the specific location at which the photosensitive bio-molecular structure is applied to is critical. Moreover, the process by which light reaches the photosensitive bio-molecular structures can be problematic in many practical contexts, particularly for in vivo applications in which minimal invasiveness of the procedure is paramount. For instance, the brain is a delicate organ and less disruption is usually a paramount issue for surgeries and similar procedures on the brain. Thus, it is sometimes desirable that the extent of any surgical procedure be kept to a minimum. This can be difficult, however, where large devices are needed for the administration of treatment. In some applications the comfort of the patient is also important. Thus, external apparatus can be less than ideal.
These and other issues have presented challenges to the implementation of the stimulus of target cells, including those involving photosensitive bio-molecular structures and those used in similar applications.
Consistent with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method is implemented for in vivo use in a living animal, including use in a human. The method involves stimulating target cells having light-responsive proteins and includes providing an elongated light-delivery structure in a narrow passageway in the animal, the elongated light-delivery structure having separately-activatable light sources located along the length of the elongated light-delivery structure. The method also includes activating less than all the light sources to deliver light to light-responsive proteins adjacent to the activated light sources along the length of the elongated light-delivery structure, thereby stimulating target cells in vivo.
Consistent with another example embodiment of the present invention, a method is implemented for in vivo stimulation of cells in a living animal. The method includes identifying target cells including neurons genetically altered to express at least one of ChR2 and NpHR, the neurons being responsive to light. The method also includes selecting the target cells for light stimulation by inserting an elongated light-delivery structure into a narrow passageway in the animal and situating at least one of the plurality light-delivery elements near the target cells to deliver stimulation thereto. While the elongated structure is in the narrow passageway, light is delivered from the at least one of the plurality light-delivery elements to the light-responsive proteins in the selected target cells, thereby stimulating the selected target cells.
Consistent with another example embodiment of the present invention, a device is used in a living animal in vivo. The device stimulates target cells having light-responsive proteins. The device includes an elongated light-delivery structure in a narrow passageway in the animal, the elongated light-delivery structure having separately-activatable light sources located along the length, width and/or circumference of the elongated light-delivery structure. The device also has a control circuit for activating less than all the light sources to deliver light to light-responsive proteins adjacent to the activated light sources along the length of the elongated light-delivery structure, thereby stimulating target cells in vivo.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The figures in the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the detailed description of various embodiments of the invention that follows in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
The present invention is believed to be useful for enabling practical application of a variety of in vivo and optically-based stimulus systems, and the invention has been found to be particularly suited for use in systems and methods dealing with stimulation of target cells using an optical stimulus. While the present invention is not necessarily limited to such applications, various aspects of the invention may be appreciated through a discussion of various examples using this context.
Recently discovered techniques allow for light-based stimulation of cells resulting in the rapid depolarization of cells (e.g., in the millisecond range). Such techniques can be used to control the depolarization of cells such as neurons. Neurons use rapid depolarization to transmit signals throughout the body and for various purposes, such as motor control (e.g., muscle contractions), sensory responses (e.g., touch, hearing, and other senses) and computational functions (e.g., brain functions). Thus, the control of the depolarization of cells can be beneficial for a number of different biological applications, among others including psychological therapy, muscle control and sensory functions. For further details on specific implementations of photosensitive bio-molecular structures and methods, reference can be made to one or more of the above-referenced patent documents by Karl Deisseroth et al. These references discuss use of blue-light-activated ion-channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to cause cation-mediated neural depolarization. Also discussed in one or more of these references are other applicable light-activated ion channels including, for example, halorhodopsin (NpHR) in which amber light affects chloride (Cl−) ion flow (via a chloride pump) so as to hyperpolarize neuronal membrane, and make it resistant to firing.
Consistent with one example embodiment of the present invention, a system is implemented for providing in vivo stimulus to target cells. The system includes an implantable light-delivery device for selectively delivering optical stimulus to target cells. The light-delivery device includes an array of controllable light-delivery elements. These light-delivery elements can be individually controlled with regard their ability to deliver light. This can be particularly useful for selectively stimulating different areas/target cells or for modifying the level of stimulation provided to the target cells. The light-delivery elements each provide optical stimulus in a manner different from other elements (e.g., at different location, in different direction, at different intensities or at different wavelengths). The array of light-delivery elements can be controlled electronically using various selection circuits. For instance, each array element can be assigned an address. Address decoders can be used to select column and rows for the particular element within the array. In another instance, individually addressable lines can be used to select each element within the array.
Interfaces for stimulating such cells in vivo include those described in the above-referenced patent documents, perhaps with particular reference to those above-referenced patent documents entitled, “Optical Tissue Interface Method And Apparatus For Stimulating Cells”, U.S. application Ser. No. 12/185,624, and “Inductive Light Generator”, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/651,422.
According to one embodiment, the light-delivery elements each provide light to targeted cells. This can be accomplished, for example, using an array of light-emitting-diodes (LEDs). The LEDs are located at different positions on the light-delivery device. In one instance, the LEDs can have different attributes including, but not limited to size, intensity or wavelength. In another instance, the LEDs can be nearly identical. Light sources other than LEDs, although not explicitly mentioned, are also possible. For example, the source of light may be a remote LED, xenon lamp, or other known light generation devices. Moreover, the light may be transmitted from a light source by an optical fiber or other optical arrangement.
According to another embodiment, the light-delivery elements function in conjunction with one or more back-lights. The light-delivery elements selectively allow or block the light from the back-lights. In a specific embodiment, the liquid crystal display (LCD) technology can be used to provide this functionality. Various other light-emitting arrays can be used including, but not limited to, field emission displays or surface-conduction electron-emitter displays.
As discussed above, the LED array can be controlled using various circuits. A specific example involves using individual wire pairs for each LED. In this example, wires 232 for controlling the array of LEDs pass through the probe shaft 224 and are connected to power and ground, respectively. Surface-mount LED 201, which is illustrated with a dome diffuser, includes anode 207 and cathode 206 that are each connected to one of leads 204, 284. LED 202 emits light in response to a bias voltage being applied to contacts 206 and 207. LED 252 and leads 254 show the same LED from a different angle. LED diffuser 262 and 272 and contacts 276 and 277 show the corresponding parts in a flat-diffuser LED. LEDs 282 and 292, may be affixed together in the desired shape, such as in a ring shape 220. Multi-LED rings 220, 225 may be built into a longitudinally-extending probe 224, with associated conductor or leads 232 passing through central area 230 to an area where they can be attached to external control equipment. In one embodiment, a smooth, thin-walled external sleeve or cannula surrounds probe 224. This can be particularly useful for reducing insertion-related tissue trauma due to an irregular surface of probe 224. After the shaft of the array is in place, this cannula can be removed by slipping it off of the shaft retrograde to the direction in which it was introduced. In another instance, the cannula can be constructed from a transparent or translucent material allowing it to be left in place.
The various embodiments discussed in connection with
The embodiments shown in
In another example, row and column lines could be routed between to the light-delivery elements. In such an example, individual delivery elements could be controlled. In a simple example, there may not be a mechanism to enable each delivery element simultaneously. The effect of simultaneous activation of delivery elements can be approximated by triggering of the desired delivery elements in rapid succession. Thus, if the desired effect is a pulse having a duration of 200 milliseconds from each of light-delivery elements A, B and C, respectively, element A can be activated for several milliseconds followed by B and then C. This pattern can then be repeated for the 200 milliseconds. In some instances, a similar type of pulse control could be used to control the average intensity of the delivered light using principles similar to principles used in pulse-width-modulation techniques.
In yet another example, techniques similar to active matrix addressing used in television displays could be used. One such example includes the use of storage components at each delivery element to maintain the state of the delivery element. A capacitor or other memory element can store the current state of the delivery element while other delivery elements are updated. The entire matrix can then be controlled by setting the desired value in each delivery element through a refresh process.
Various methods may be used to provide feed back 641 to computer 602 regarding which light positions should be activated, and which should remain inactive. In the case of Parkinson's disease, an empiric testing procedure may be conducted with an accelerometer 640 or other motion sensor held in the patient's hand. The patient is then asked to engage in specific tasks, such as attempting to remain still. Meanwhile, a signal processor examines the signal from the accelerometer, and determines how much tremor is associated with each task, as well as how accurate and rapid the assigned movements are. During this process, a wide range of candidate light stimulus configurations may be tested, either by automated or manual empirical processes. The optimal stimulus configuration can be determined empirically, for example, using a hierarchical algorithm to identify the optimal light position configuration for the specific patient. This optimization process can be carried out in an ongoing fashion, by monitoring over a period of days as the patient engages in their normal activities. The optimization process can thus gradually determine the best stimulus profile for the particular patient. At its extremes, all possible parameter configurations of all channels may be automatically tested over a period of time. In a more complex approach, rule-based, or artificial intelligence algorithms may be used to determine optimal parameters for each of the channels.
Various other input and testing procedures can be used depending upon the specific problem being treated. In the case of optical stimulator implants for the treatment of depression, for example, feedback can be provided through patient questionnaires. The answers of the patient can be entered into a computer and used to optimize light configuration. Various other brain-machine interfaces may also be used as part of the testing and optimization routine. It will be appreciated that the optimization process may be conducted in an open-loop (manual device configuration) or closed loop (full automated device configuration) manner.
If appropriate measures of patient performance (for example freedom from tremor as measured by an accelerometer) are detected, this information can be automatically fed back to computer 602 for storage in a database. Computer 602 can use the stored information in accordance with algorithms and artificial intelligence methods to determine a suitable stimulation solution using driver 604.
In a particular embodiment of the present invention, an arrangement ascertains optimal neuromodulation parameters for a plurality of control channels. The control channels provide control of respective light-delivery elements. The neuromodulation effects are sensed using, for example, an empiric testing procedure conducted with an accelerometer, monitoring of electrical activity or related sensing. Sets of candidate parameters are generated by a computer, wherein the sets include control information for the light-delivery elements. Optical stimuli are delivered to using the plurality of control channels to control the light-delivery elements. A processing circuit can be used to correlate the candidate parameter settings to the sensed neuromodulation effects and to compare respective results. A processing circuit can select one of the candidate parameter set as a treatment regimen. A processing circuit can be used in combination with the control channels to implement the selected candidate parameter set.
The various embodiments described above are provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the invention. Based on the above discussion and illustrations, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without strictly following the exemplary embodiments and applications illustrated and described herein. For instance, such changes may include variations in driver circuits for controlling the optical stimulation or variations in the light-delivery elements. In another instance, aspects of the invention can be used for animal testing or treatments, and more specifically, human testing or treatments. Such modifications and changes do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
This is a conversion of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/984,231, entitled “Implantable Optical Stimulators,” and filed on Oct. 31, 2007, to which benefit is claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 119.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2968302 | Fry et al. | Jan 1961 | A |
3131690 | Innis et al. | May 1964 | A |
3499437 | Balamuth et al. | Mar 1970 | A |
3567847 | Price | Mar 1971 | A |
4343301 | Indech | Aug 1982 | A |
4559951 | Dahl et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
4616231 | Autrey et al. | Oct 1986 | A |
4865042 | Umemura et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
4879284 | Lang et al. | Nov 1989 | A |
4913142 | Kittrell et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
5032123 | Katz et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
5041224 | Ohyama et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5082670 | Gage et al. | Jan 1992 | A |
5249575 | Di Mino et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
5267152 | Yang et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5290280 | Daikuzono | Mar 1994 | A |
5330515 | Rutecki et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5382516 | Bush | Jan 1995 | A |
5411540 | Edell et al. | May 1995 | A |
5445608 | Chen et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
5460950 | Barr et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5460954 | Lee et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5470307 | Lindall | Nov 1995 | A |
5495541 | Murray et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5520188 | Hennige et al. | May 1996 | A |
5527695 | Hodges et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
5550316 | Mintz | Aug 1996 | A |
5641650 | Turner et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5703985 | Owyang | Dec 1997 | A |
5722426 | Kolff | Mar 1998 | A |
5738625 | Gluck | Apr 1998 | A |
5739273 | Engelman et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5741316 | Chen et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5755750 | Petruska et al. | May 1998 | A |
5756351 | Isacoff et al. | May 1998 | A |
5782896 | Chen et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5795581 | Segalman et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5807285 | Vaitekunas et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5816256 | Kissinger et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5836941 | Yoshihara et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5898058 | Nichols | Apr 1999 | A |
5939320 | Littman et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
6056738 | Marchitto et al. | May 2000 | A |
6057114 | Akong | May 2000 | A |
6108081 | Holtom et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6134474 | Fischell et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6161045 | Fischell et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6180613 | Kaplitt et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6253109 | Gielen | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6289229 | Crowley | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6303362 | Kay et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6334846 | Ishibashi et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6336904 | Nikolchev | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6346101 | Alfano et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6364831 | Crowley | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6377842 | Pogue et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6436708 | Leone et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6473639 | Fischell et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6480743 | Kirkpatrick et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6489115 | Lahue et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
6497872 | Weiss et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6506154 | Ezion et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6536440 | Dawson | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6551346 | Crossley | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6567690 | Giller et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
6597954 | Pless et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6609020 | Gill | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6615080 | Unsworth et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6631283 | Storrie et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6632672 | Calos | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6647296 | Fischell et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6685656 | Duarte et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6686193 | Maher et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6721603 | Zabara et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6729337 | Dawson | May 2004 | B2 |
6780490 | Tanaka et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6790652 | Terry et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6790657 | Arya | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6805129 | Pless et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6808873 | Murphy et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6810285 | Pless et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6889085 | Dawson | May 2005 | B2 |
6918872 | Yokoi | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6921413 | Mahadevan-Jansen et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6969449 | Maher et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6974448 | Petersen | Dec 2005 | B2 |
7045344 | Kay et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7091500 | Schnitzer | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7144733 | Miesenbock et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7175596 | Vitek et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7191018 | Gielen et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7211054 | Francis et al. | May 2007 | B1 |
7220240 | Struys et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7298143 | Jaermann et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7313442 | Velasco et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7603174 | De Ridder | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7610100 | Jaax et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7613520 | De Ridder | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7686839 | Parker | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7824869 | Hegemann et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7883536 | Bendett | Feb 2011 | B1 |
7988688 | Webb et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8386312 | Pradeep et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8398692 | Deisseroth et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8696722 | Deisseroth et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8716447 | Deisseroth et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8815582 | Deisseroth et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8906360 | Deisseroth et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8926959 | Deisseroth et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
8932562 | Deisseroth et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
9057734 | Cohen | Jun 2015 | B2 |
9079940 | Deisseroth et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
9175095 | Deisseroth et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9309296 | Deisseroth et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
9340589 | Deisseroth et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
9421258 | Deisseroth et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9458208 | Deisseroth et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
9522288 | Deisseroth et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9604073 | Deisseroth et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
9636380 | Deisseroth et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
9850290 | Deisseroth et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
9968652 | Deisseroth et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
10064912 | Deisseroth et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
10071132 | Deisseroth et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
20010023346 | Loeb | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20020094516 | Calos et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020155173 | Chopp et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020164577 | Tsien et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020190922 | Tsao | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20020193327 | Nemerow et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030009103 | Yuste et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030026784 | Koch et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030040080 | Miesenbock et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030050258 | Calos | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030082809 | Quail et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030088060 | Benjamin et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030097122 | Ganz et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030103949 | Carpenter et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030104512 | Freeman et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030125719 | Furnish | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030144650 | Smith | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030204135 | Bystritsky | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030232339 | Shu et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040013645 | Monahan et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040015211 | Nurmikko et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040023203 | Miesenbock et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040034882 | Vale et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040039312 | Hillstead et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040049134 | Tosaya et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040068202 | Hansson et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040073278 | Pachys | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040076613 | Mazarkis et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040122475 | Myrick et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040203152 | Calos | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040216177 | Jordan et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040260367 | Taboada et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040267118 | Dawson | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050020945 | Tosaya et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050027284 | Lozano et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050058987 | Shi et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050088177 | Schreck et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050102708 | Lecanu et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050107753 | Rezai et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050112759 | Radisic et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050119315 | Fedida et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050124897 | Chopra | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050143295 | Walker et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050143790 | Kipke et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050153885 | Yun et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050197679 | Dawson | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050202398 | Hegemann et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050215764 | Tuszynski et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050240127 | Seip et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050267011 | Deisseroth et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050267454 | Hissong et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050279354 | Deutsch et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060025756 | Francischelli et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060034943 | Tuszynski | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060057192 | Kane | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060057614 | Heintz | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060058671 | Vitek et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060058678 | Vitek et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060100679 | DiMauro et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060106543 | Deco et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060129126 | Kaplitt et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060155348 | deCharms | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060161227 | Walsh et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060167500 | Towe et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060179501 | Chan et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060184069 | Vaitekunas | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060190044 | Libbus et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060206172 | DiMauro et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060216689 | Maher et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060236525 | Sliwa et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060241697 | Libbus et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060253177 | Taboada et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060271024 | Gertner et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20070027443 | Rose et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070031924 | Li et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070053996 | Boyden et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070054319 | Boyden et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070060915 | Kucklick | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070060984 | Webb et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070135875 | Demarais et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070156180 | Jaax et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070191906 | Lyer et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070196838 | Chesnut et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070197918 | Vitek et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070219600 | Gertner et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070220628 | Glassman et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070239080 | Schaden et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070239210 | Libbus et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070253995 | Hildebrand et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070260295 | Chen et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070261127 | Boyden et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070282404 | Cottrell et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070295978 | Coushaine et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080020465 | Padidam | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080027505 | Levin et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080033569 | Ferren et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080046053 | Wagner et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080050770 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080051673 | Kong et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080060088 | Shin et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080065158 | Ben-Ezra et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080065183 | Whitehurst et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080077200 | Bendett et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080085265 | Schneider et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080088258 | Ng | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080103551 | Masoud | May 2008 | A1 |
20080119421 | Tuszynski et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080125836 | Streeter et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080167261 | Sclimenti | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080175819 | Kingsman et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080176076 | Van Veggel et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080200749 | Zheng et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080221452 | Njemanze | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080227139 | Deisseroth et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080228244 | Pakhomov et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080262411 | Dobak | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080287821 | Jung et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080290318 | Van Veggel et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20090030930 | Pradeep et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090054954 | Foley et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090069261 | Dodge et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090088680 | Aravanis et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090093403 | Zhang et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090099038 | Deisseroth et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090112133 | Deisseroth et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090148861 | Pegan et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090157145 | Cauller | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090131837 | Zhang et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090254134 | Nikolov et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090268511 | Birge et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090306474 | Wilson | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090319008 | Mayer | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090326603 | Boggs | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100009444 | Herlitze et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100016783 | Bourke et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100021982 | Herlitze | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100145418 | Zhang et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100146645 | Vasar et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100190229 | Zhang et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100209352 | Hultman et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100234273 | Boyden et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20110021270 | Vo-Dinh et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110092800 | Yoo et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110105998 | Zhang et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110112179 | Deisseroth et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110112463 | Silver et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110125077 | Denison et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110125078 | Denison et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110159562 | Deisseroth et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110165681 | Boyden et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110166632 | Delp et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110172653 | Deisseroth et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110224095 | Zoller et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110233046 | Nikolenko et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110301529 | Zhang et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110311489 | Deisseroth et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120093772 | Horsager et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120121542 | Chuong et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120165904 | Deisseroth et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120190629 | Tomita et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120253261 | Poletto et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20130019325 | Deisseroth et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130030275 | Seymour et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130066402 | Lin et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130144359 | Kishawi et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130286181 | Betzig et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20150112411 | Beckman et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1079464 | Dec 1993 | CN |
1558222 | Dec 2004 | CN |
101288768 | Oct 2008 | CN |
102076866 | May 2011 | CN |
103313752 | Sep 2013 | CN |
103476456 | Dec 2013 | CN |
1197144 | Apr 2002 | EP |
1 334 748 | Aug 2003 | EP |
1444889 | Aug 2004 | EP |
1873566 | Jan 2008 | EP |
2006-295350 | Oct 1994 | JP |
H 09505771 | Jun 1997 | JP |
2004534508 | Nov 2004 | JP |
2005034073 | Feb 2005 | JP |
2006217866 | Aug 2006 | JP |
2007530027 | Nov 2007 | JP |
2008010422 | Jan 2008 | JP |
2010227537 | Oct 2010 | JP |
2012508581 | Apr 2012 | JP |
WO 1995005214 | Feb 1995 | WO |
WO 9515134 | Jun 1995 | WO |
WO 1996032076 | Oct 1996 | WO |
WO 2000027293 | May 2000 | WO |
WO 2001-025466 | Apr 2001 | WO |
WO 03106486 | Feb 2003 | WO |
WO 2003016486 | Feb 2003 | WO |
WO 2013016486 | Feb 2003 | WO |
WO 2003-040323 | May 2003 | WO |
WO 03046141 | Jun 2003 | WO |
WO 2003046141 | Jun 2003 | WO |
WO 2003-84994 | Oct 2003 | WO |
WO 2003-102156 | Dec 2003 | WO |
WO 2004033647 | Apr 2004 | WO |
WO 2005093429 | Oct 2005 | WO |
WO 2006103678 | Oct 2006 | WO |
WO 2006103678 | Oct 2006 | WO |
WO 2007-024391 | Mar 2007 | WO |
WO 2007-131180 | Nov 2007 | WO |
WO 2008014382 | Jan 2008 | WO |
WO 2008086470 | Jul 2008 | WO |
WO 2008106694 | Sep 2008 | WO |
WO 2009025819 | Feb 2009 | WO |
WO 2009072123 | Jun 2009 | WO |
WO2009119782 | Oct 2009 | WO |
WO 2009-131837 | Oct 2009 | WO |
WO 2009148946 | Dec 2009 | WO |
WO 2010006049 | Jan 2010 | WO |
WO 2010011404 | Jan 2010 | WO |
WO 2010056970 | May 2010 | WO |
WO-2010123993 | Oct 2010 | WO |
WO 2011005978 | Jan 2011 | WO |
WO 2011066320 | Jun 2011 | WO |
WO 2011106783 | Sep 2011 | WO |
WO 2011-116238 | Sep 2011 | WO |
WO 2011127088 | Oct 2011 | WO |
WO 2012032103 | Mar 2012 | WO |
WO 2012061676 | May 2012 | WO |
WO2012061681 | May 2012 | WO |
WO2012061684 | May 2012 | WO |
WO2012061688 | May 2012 | WO |
WO2012061690 | May 2012 | WO |
WO 2012061741 | May 2012 | WO |
WO 2012061744 | May 2012 | WO |
2012106407 | Aug 2012 | WO |
WO 2012134704 | Oct 2012 | WO |
WO 2013003557 | Jan 2013 | WO |
WO 2013090356 | Jun 2013 | WO |
WO 2013126521 | Aug 2013 | WO |
WO 2013126762 | Aug 2013 | WO |
WO 2013142196 | Sep 2013 | WO |
WO 2014081449 | May 2014 | WO |
WO 2014117079 | Jul 2014 | WO |
WO 2015148974 | Oct 2015 | WO |
WO 2016019075 | Feb 2016 | WO |
WO 2016090172 | Jun 2016 | WO |
WO 2017087542 | May 2017 | WO |
Entry |
---|
U.S. Appl. No. 13/299,727, filed Nov. 18, 2011, Lee, et al. |
E. S. Boyden et al. “Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.” Nature Neuroscience 8(9): 1263-1268 (Aug./Sep. 2005). |
G. Ensell et al. “Silicon-based microelectrodes for neurophysiology, micromachined from silicon-on-insulator wafers.” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 38: 175-179 (2000). |
L. Campagnola et al. “Fiber-coupled light-emitting diode for localized photostimulation of neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2.” Journal of Neuroscience Methods 169(1): 27-33 (Mar. 2008). Abstract only. |
Aebischer, et al. “Long-Term Cross-Species Brain Transplantation of a Polymer-Encapsulated Dopamine-Secreting Cell Line”, Experimental Neurology, 1991, vol. 111, pp. 269-275. |
Ahmad, et al. “The Drosophila rhodopsin cytoplasmic tail domain is required for maintenance of rhabdomere structure.” The FASEB Journal, 2007, vol. 21, p. 449-455. |
Akirav, et al. “The role of the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit in stress effects on the extinction of fear”, Neural Plasticity, 2007: vol. 2007 Article ID:30873, pp. 1-11. |
Ang, et at. “Hippocampal CA1 Circuitry Dynamically Gates Direct Cortical Inputs Preferentially at Theta Frequencies.” The Journal of Neurosurgery, 2005, vol. 25, No. 42, pp. 9567-9580. |
Araki, et al. “Site-Directed Integration of the cre Gene Mediated by Cre Recombinase Using a Combination of Mutant lox Sites”, Nucleic Acids Research, 2002, vol. 30, No. 19, pp. 1-8. |
Aravanis, et al. “An optical neural interface: in vivo control of rodent motor cortex with integrated fiberoptic and optogenetic technology,” J. Neural. Eng., 2007, vol. 4(3):S143-S156. |
Argos, et al. “The integrase family of site-specific recombinases: regional similarities and global diversity”, The EMBO Journal, 1986, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 433-440. |
Bamberg et al. “Light-driven proton or chloride pumping by halorhodopsin.” Proc. Natl. Academy Science USA, 1993, vol. 90, No. 2, p. 639-643. |
Banghart, et al. “Light-activated ion channels for remote control of neuronal firing”. Nature Neuroscience, 2004, vol. 7, No. 12 pp. 1381-1386. |
Basil et al. “Is There Evidence for Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders?” Psychiatry, 2005, pp. 64-69. |
Bebbington et al., “The use of vectors based on gene amplification for the expression of cloned genes in mammalian cells in DNA cloning” vol. 3, Academic Press, New York, 1987. |
Benabid “Future strategies to restore brain functions,” Conference proceedings from Medicine Meets Millennium: World Congress of Medicine and Health, 2000, 6 pages. |
Benoist et al. “In vivo sequence requirements of the SV40 early promotor region” Nature (London), 1981, vol. 290(5804): pp. 304-310. |
Berges et al., “Transduction of Brain by Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors”, Molecular Therapy, 2007, vol. 15, No. 1: pp. 20-29. |
Berridge et al., “The Versatility and Universality of Calcium Signaling”, Nature Reviews: Molecular Cell Biology, 2000, vol. 1: pp. 11-21. |
Bocquet et al. “A prokaryotic proton-gated ion channel from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family.” Nature Letters, 2007, vol. 445, p. 116-119. |
Boyden, et al. “Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity” Nature Neuroscience, 2005, vol. 8, No. 9: pp. 1263-1268. |
Bi, et al. “Ectopic Expression of a Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual Responses in Mice with Photoreceptor Degeneration”, Neuron, 2006, vol. 50, No. 1: pp. 23-33. |
Bi, et al. “Synaptic Modifications in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons: Dependence on Spike Timing, Synaptic Strength, and Postsynaptic Cell Type”, Journal of Neuroscience, 1998, vol. 18, No. 24: pp. 10464-1 0472. |
Blomer et al., “Highly Efficient and Sustained Gene Transfer in Adult Neurons with Lentivirus Vector”, Journal of Virology,1997, vol. 71, No. 9: pp. 6641-6649. |
Brinton, et al. “Preclinical analyses of the therapeutic potential of allopregnanolone to promote neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.” Current Alzheimer Research, 2006, vol. 3, No. 1: pp. 11-17. |
Brosenitsch et al, “Physiological Patterns of Electrical Stimulation Can Induce Neuronal Gene Expression by Activating N-Type Calcium Channels,” Journal of Neuroscience, 2001, vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 2571-2579. |
Brown, et al. “Long-term potentiation induced by θ frequency stimulation is regulated by a protein phosphate-operated gate.” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2000, vol. 20, No. 21, pp. 7880-7887. |
Callaway, et al. “Photostimulation using caged glutamate reveals functional circuitry in living brain slices”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 1993, vol. 90: pp. 7661-7665. |
Campagnola et al. “Fiber-coupled light-emitting diode for localized photostimulation of neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2.” Journal of Neuroscience Methods , 2008, vol. 169, Issue 1. Abstract only. |
Cenatiempo “Prokaryotic gene expression in vitro: transcription-translation coupled systems”, Biochimie, 1986, vol. 68(4): pp. 505-515. |
Claudio et al. “Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor gamma subunit.” PNAS USA,1983, vol. 80, p. 1111-1115. |
Collingridge et al. “Inhibitory post-synaptic currents in rat hippocampal CA1 neurones.” J. Physiol., 1984, vol. 356, pp. 551-564. |
Covington, et al. “Antidepressant Effect of Optogenetic Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.” Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, vol. 30(48), pp. 16082-16090. |
Crouse, et al. “Expression and amplification of engineered mouse dihydrofolate reductase minigenes” Mol. Cell. Biol. , 1983, vol. 3(2): pp. 257-266. |
Cucchiaro et al., “Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L): a neuroanatomical tracer for electron microscopic analysis of synaptic circuitry in the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus” J. Electron. Microsc. Tech., 1990, 15 (4):352-368. |
Cucchiaro et al., “Electron-Microsoft Analysis of Synaptic Input from the Perigeniculate Nucleus to A-Lamine of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in Cats”, The Journal of Comparitive Neurology, 1991, vol. 310, pp. 316-336. |
Cui, et al., “Electrochemical deposition and characterization of conducting polymer polypyrrole/PSS on multichannel neural probes,” Sensors and Actuators, 2001, vol. 93(1): pp. 8-18. |
Date, et al. “Grafting of Encapsulated Dopamine-Secreting Cells in Parkinson's Disease: Long-Term Primate Study”, Cell Transplant, 2000, vol. 9, pp. 705-709. |
Dalva, et al. “Rearrangements of Synaptic Connections in Visual Cortex Revealed by Laser Photostimulation”, Science, 1994,vol. 265, pp. 255-258. |
Dederen, et al. “Retrograde neuronal tracing with cholera toxin B subunit: comparison of three different visualization methods”, Histochemical Journal, 1994, vol. 26, pp. 856-862. |
Deisseroth et al., “Signaling from Synapse to Nucleus: Postsynaptic CREB Phosphorylation During Multiple Forms of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity”, Neuron, 1996, vol. 16, pp. 89-101. |
Deisseroth et al., “Translocation of Calmodulin to the Nucleus Supports CREB Phosphorylation in Hippocampal Neurons”, Nature, 1998, vol. 392, pp. 198-202. |
Deisseroth et al., “Signaling from Synapse to Nucleus: the logic Behind the Mechanisms”, Currrent Opinion in Neurobiology, 2003, vol. 13, pp. 354-365. |
Deisseroth “Next-generation optical technologies for illuminating genetically targeted brain circuits,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2006, vol. 26, No. 41, pp. 10380-10386. |
Denk, W., et al. “Anatomical and functional imaging of neurons using 2-photon laser scanning microscopy”, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 1994, vol. 54, pp. 151-162. |
Ditterich, et al. “Microstimulation of visual cortex affects the speed of perceptual decisions”, 2003, Nature Neuroscience, vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 891-898. |
Dittgen, et al. “Lentivirus-based genetic manipulations of cortical neurons and their optical and electrophysiological monitoring in vivo”, PNAS, 2004, vol. 101, No. 52, pp. 18206-18211. |
Ensell, et al. “Silicon-based microelectrodes for neurophysiology, micromachined from silicon-on-insulator wafers,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 2000, vol. 38, pp. 175-179. |
Eisen, “Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis”, Drugs Aging, 1999; vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 173-196. |
Evanko “Optical excitation yin and yang” Nature Methods, 2007, 4:384. |
Esposito et al. “The integrase family of tyrosine recombinases: evolution of a conserved active site domain”, Nucleic Acids Research, 1997, vol. 25, No. 18, pp. 3605-3614. |
Fabian et al. “Transneuronal transport of lectins” Brain Research, 1985, vol. 344, pp. 41-48. |
Falconer et al. “High-throughput screening for ion channel modulators,” Journal of Biomolecular Screening, 2002, vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 460-465. |
Farber, et al. “Identification of Presynaptic Neurons by Laser Photostimulation”, Science, 1983, vol. 222, pp. 1025-1027. |
Feng, et al. “Imaging Neuronal Subsets in Transgenic Mice Expressing Multiple Spectral Variants of GFP”, Neuron, 2000, vol. 28, pp. 41-51. |
Fisher, J. et al. “Spatiotemporal Activity Patterns During Respiratory Rhythmogenesis in the Rat Ventrolateral Medulla,” The Journal of Neurophysiol, 2006, vol. 95, pp. 1982-1991. |
Fitzsimons et al., “Promotors and Regulatory Elements that Improve Adeno-Associated Virus Transgene Expression in the Brain”, 2002, Methods, vol. 28, pp. 227-236. |
Foster, “Bright blue times”, Nature, 2005, vol. 433, pp. 698-699. |
Gelvich et al. “Contact flexible microstrip applicators (CFMA) in a range from microwaves up to short waves,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2002, vol. 49, Issue 9: 1015-1023. |
Gigg, et al. “Glutamatergic hippocampal formation projections to prefrontal cortex in the rat are regulated by GABAergic inhibition and show convergence with glutamatergic projections from the limbic thalamus,” Hippocampus, 1994, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 189-198. |
Gilman, et al. “Isolation of sigma-28-specific promoters from Bacillus subtilis DNA” Gene, 1984, vol. 32(1-2): pp. 11-20. |
Glick et al.“Factors affecting the expression of foreign proteins in Escherichia coli”, Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 1987, vol. 1(5): pp. 277-282. |
Goekoop, R. et al. “Cholinergic challenge in Alzheimer patients and mild cognitive impairment differentially affects hippocampal activation—a pharmacological fMRI study.” Brain, 2006, vol. 129, pp. 141-157. |
Gordon, et al. “Regulation of Thy-1 Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice”, Cell, 1987, vol. 50, pp. 445-452. |
Gorelova et al. , “The course of neural projection from the prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens in the rat”, Neuroscience, 1997, vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 689-706. |
Gottesman et al.“Bacterial regulation: global regulatory networks,” Ann. Rev. Genet., 1984, vol. 18, pp. 415-441. |
Greenberg, et al. “Three-year outcomes in deep brain stimulation for highly resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder,” Neuropsychopharmacology, 2006, vol. 31, pp. 2384-2393. |
Groth et al. “Phage integrases: biology and applications,” Journal of Molecular Biology, 2004, vol. 335, pp. 667-678. |
Groth, et al. “A phage integrase directs efficient site-specific integration in human cells”, PNAS, 2000, vol. 97, No. 11, pp. 5995-6000. |
Guatteo, et al. “Temperature sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta: Involvement of transient receptor potential channels,” Journal of Neurophysiol. , 2005, vol. 94, pp. 3069-3080. |
Gur et al., “A Dissociation Between Brain Activity and Perception: Chromatically Opponent Cortical Neurons Signal Chromatic Flicker that is not Perceived”, Vision Research, 1997, vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 377-382. |
Hallet et al. “Transposition and site-specific recombination: adapting DNA cut-and-paste mechanisms to a variety of genetic rearrangements,” FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 1997, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 157-178. |
Hamer, et al. “Regulation In Vivo of a cloned mammalian gene: cadmium induces the transcription of a mouse metallothionein gene in SV40 vectors,” Journal of Molecular Applied Genetics, 1982, vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 273-288. |
Hegemann et al., “All-trans Retinal Constitutes the Functional Chromophore in Chlamydomonas rhodopsin”, Biophys. J. , 1991, vol. 60, pp. 1477-1489. |
Herry, et al. “Switching on and off fear by distinct neuronal circuits,” Nature, 2008, vol. 454, pp. 600-606. |
Hildebrandt et al, “Bacteriorhodopsin expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe pumps protons through the plasma membrane, ” PNAS, 1993, vol. 90, pp. 3578-3582. |
Hirase, et al. “Multiphoton stimulation of neurons”, J Neurobiol, 2002, vol. 51, No. 3: pp. 237-247. |
Hodaie, et al., “Chronic Anterior Thalamus Stimulation for Intractable Epilepsy,” Epilepsia, 2002, vol. 43, pp. 603-608. |
Hoffman et al., “K+ Channel Regulation of Signal Propagation in Dendrites of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons”, 1997, Nature, vol. 387: pp. 869-874. |
Hosokawa, T. et al. “Imaging spatio-temporal patterns of long-term potentiation in mouse hippocampus.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B., 2003, vol. 358, pp. 689-693. |
Hynynen, et al. “Clinical applications of focused ultrasound—The brain.” Int. J. Hyperthermia, 2007, vol. 23, No. 2: pp. 193-202. |
International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US2009/053474, dated Oct. 8, 2009. |
Isenberg et al. “Cloning of a Putative Neuronal Nicotinic Aceylcholine Receptor Subunit,” Journal of Neurochemistry, 1989, pp. 988-991. |
Johnston et al. “Isolation of the yeast regulatory gene GAL4 and analysis of its dosage effects on the galactose/melibiose regulon,” PNAS, 1982, vol. 79, pp. 6971-6975. |
Kandel, E.R.,et al. “Electrophysiology of Hippocampal Neurons: I. Sequential Invasion and Synaptic Organization,” J Neurophysiol, 1961, vol. 24, pp. 225-242. |
Kandel, E.R.,et al. “Electrophysiology of Hippocampal Neurons: II. After-Potentials and Repetitive Firing”, J Neurophysiol., 1961, vol. 24, pp. 243-259. |
Karreman et al. “On the use of double FLP recognition targets (FRTs) in the LTR of retroviruses for the construction of high producer cell lines”, Nucleic Acids Research, 1996, vol. 24, No. 9: pp. 1616-1624. |
Kato et al. “Present and future status of noninvasive selective deep heating using RF in hyperthermia.” Med & Biol. Eng. & Comput 31 Supp: S2-11, 1993. Abstract. p. S2 only. |
Katz, et al. “Scanning laser photostimulation: a new approach for analyzing brain circuits,” Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 1994, vol. 54, pp. 205-218. |
Khodakaramian, et al. “Expression of Cre Recombinase during Transient Phage Infection Permits Efficient Marker Removal in Streptomyces,” Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, vol. 34, No. 3:e20, pp. 1-5. |
Khossravani et al., “Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies”, Physiol. Rev., 2006, vol. 86: pp. 941-966. |
Kim et al., “Light-Driven Activation of β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling by a Chimeric Rhodopsin Containing the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Cytoplasmic Loops,” Biochemistry, 2005, vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 2284-2292. |
Kingston et al. “Transfection of DNA into Eukaryotic Cells,” Supplement 63, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1996, 9.1.1-9.1.11, 11 pages. |
Kita, H. et al. “Effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on optical responses evoked in rat frontal cortex slices after stimulation of the subcortical white matter,” Exp. Brain Research, 1999, vol. 125, pp. 383-388. |
Kitayama, et al. “Regulation of neuronal differentiation by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in neural progenitor cells isolated from adult mouse hippocampus,” Journal of Neurosci Research, 2004, vol. 76, No. 5: pp. 599-612. |
Klausberger, et al. “Brain-state- and cell-type-specific firing of hippocampal interneurons in vivo”, Nature, 2003, vol. 421: pp. 844-848. |
Kocsis et al., “Regenerating Mammalian Nerve Fibres: Changes in Action Potential Wavefrom and Firing Characteristics Following Blockage of Potassium Conductance”, 1982, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., vol. B 217: pp. 77-87. |
Kuhlman et al. (2008) “High-Resolution Labeling and Functional Manipulation of Specific Neuron Types in Mouse Brain by Cre-Activated Viral Gene Expression” PLoS One, 2005, vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1-11. |
Kunkler, P. et at. “Optical Current Source Density Analysis in Hippocampal Organotypic Culture Shows that Spreading Depression Occurs with Uniquely Reversing Current,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2005, vol. 25, No. 15, pp. 3952-3961. |
Landy, A. “Mechanistic and structural complexity in the site-specific recombination pathways of Int and FLP”, Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 1993, vol. 3, pp. 699-707. |
Lee et al. “Sterotactic Injection of Adenoviral Vectors that Target Gene Expression to Specific Pituitary Cell Types: Implications for Gene Therapy”, Neurosurgery, 2000, vol. 46, No. 6: pp. 1461-1469. |
Lee et al., “Potassium Channel Gone Therapy Can Prevent Neuron Deatch Resulting from Necrotic and Apoptotic Insults”, Journal of Neurochemistry, 2003, vol. 85: pp. 1079-1088. |
Levitan et al. “Surface Expression of Kv1 Voltage-Gated K+ Channels Is Governed by a C-terminal Motif,” Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 2000, vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 317-320. |
Li et al. “Fast noninvasive activation and inhibition of neural and network activity by vertebrate rhodopsin and green algae channelrhodopsin.” PNAS, 2005, vol. 102, No. 49, p. 17816-17821. |
Lim et al., “A Novel Targeting Signal for Proximal Clustering of the Kv2.1K+ Channel in Hippocampal Neurons”, Neuron, 2000, vol. 25: pp. 385-397. |
Lima, et al. “Remote Control of Behavior through Genetically Targeted Photostimulation of Neurons”, Cell, 2005, vol. 121: pp. 141-152. |
Liman, et al. “Subunit Stoichiometry of a Mammalian K+ Channel Determined by Construction of Multimeric cDNAs,” Neuron, 1992,vol. 9, pp. 861-871. |
Luecke, et al. “Structural Changes in Bacteriorhodopsin During Ion Transport at 2 Angstrom Resolution,” Science, 1999, vol. 286, pp. 255-260. |
Lyznik, et al. “FLP-mediated recombination of FRT sites in the maize genome,” Nucleic Acids Research , 1996, vol. 24, No. 19: pp. 3784-3789. |
Ma et al. “Role of ER Export Signals in Controlling Surface Potassium Channel Numbers,” Science, 2001, vol. 291, pp. 316-319. |
Mann et at. “Perisomatic Feedback Inhibition Underlies Cholinergically Induced Fast Network Oscillations in the Rat Hippocampus in Vitro,” Neuron, 2005, vol. 45, 2005, pp. 105-117. |
Mattson, “Apoptosis in Neurodegenerative Disorders”, Nature Reviews, 2000, vol. 1: pp. 120-129. |
Mayberg et al. “Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression,” Focus, 2008, vol. VI, No. 1, pp. 143-154. |
McKnight “Functional relationships between transcriptional control signals of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus”, Cell, 1982, vol. 31 pp. 355-365. |
Melyan, Z., et al. “Addition of human melanopsin renders mammalian cells Photoresponsive”, Nature, 2005, vol. 433: pp. 741-745. |
Mermelstein, et al. “Critical Dependence of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Phosphorylation on L-Type Calcium Channels Supports a Selective Response to EPSPs in Preference to Action Potentials”, The Journal of Neuroscience, 2000, vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 266-273. |
Meyer, et al. “High density interconnects and flexible hybrid assemblies for active biomedical implants,” IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging , 2001, vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 366-372. |
Monje et al., “Irradiation Induces Neural Precursor-Cell Dysfunction”, Natural Medicine, 2002, vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 955-962. |
Nacher, et al. “NMDA receptor antagonist treatment increases the production of newneurons in the aged rat hippocampus”, Neurobiology of Aging, 2003,vol. 24, No. 2: pp. 273-284. |
Nagel et al.“Functional Expression of Bacteriorhodopsin in Oocytes Allows Direct Measurement of Voltage Dependence of Light Induced H+ Pumping,” FEBS Letters, 1995, vol. 377, pp. 263-266. |
Nagel, et al. “Channelrhodopsin-I: a light-gated proton channel in green algae”, Science, 2002, vol. 296: pp. 2395-2398. |
Nagel, et al. “Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel”, PNAS, 2003, vol. 100, No. 24: pp. 13940-13945. |
Nakagami, et al. “Optical Recording of Trisynaptic Pathway in Rat Hippocampal Slices with a Voltage-Sensitive Dye” Neuroscience, 1997, vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 1-8. |
Naqvi, et al. “Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking,” Science; 2007, vol. 315 pp. 531-534. |
Nirenberg, et al. “The Light Response of Retinal Ganglion Cells is Truncated by a Displaced Amacrine Circuit”, Neuron, 1997, vol. 18: pp. 637-650. |
Nunes-Duby, et al. “Similarities and differences among 105 members of the Int family of site-specific recombinases” , Nucleic Acids Research, 1998, vol. 26, No. 2: pp. 391-406. |
O'Gorman et al. “Recombinase-mediated gene activation and site-specific integration in mammalian cells”, Science, 1991, 251(4999): pp. 1351-1355. |
Olivares (2001) “Phage R4 integrase mediates site-specific integration in human cells”, Gene, 2001, vol. 278, pp. 167-176. |
Ory, et al. “A stable human-derived packaging cell line for production of high titer retrovirus/vesicular stomatitis virus G pseudotypes,” PNAS, 1996, vol. 93: pp. 11400-11406. |
Palmer et al., “The Adult Rat Hippocampus Contains Primordial Neural Stem Cells”, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 1997, vol. 8, pp. 389-404. |
Palmer et al., “Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Activates a Latent Neurogenic Program in Neural Stem Cells from Diverse Regions of the Adult CNS”, The Journal of Neuroscience, 1999, vol. 19, pp. 8487-8497. |
Pan et al. “Functional Expression of a Directly Light-Gated Membrane Channel in Mammalian Retinal Neurons: A Potential Strategy for Restoring Light Sensitivity to the Retina After Photoreceptor Degeneration,” Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 2005, 46 E-Abstract 4631. Abstract only. |
Panda, et al. “Illumination of the Melanopsin Signaling Pathway”, Science, 2005, vol. 307: pp. 600-604. |
Paulhe et al. “Specific Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Signal Drives Transport of Stem Cell Factor (Kitl) to the Cell Surface,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004, vol. 279, No. 53, p. 55545-55555. |
Petersen et al. “Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Sensory Responses in Layer 2/3 of Rat Barrel Cortex Measured In Vivo by Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Combined with Whole-Cell Voltage Recordings and Neuron Reconstructions,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2003, vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1298-1309. |
Petrecca, et al. “Localization and Enhanced Current Density of the Kv4.2 Potassium Channel by Interaction with the Actin-Binding Protein Filamin,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2000, vol. 20, No. 23, pp. 8736-8744. |
Pettit, et al. “Local Excitatory Circuits in the Intermediate Gray Layer of the Superior Colliculus”, J Neurophysiol., 1999, vol. 81, No. 3: pp. 1424-1427. |
Potter, “Transfection by Electroporation.” Supplement 62, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1996, 9.3.1-9.3.6. |
Qiu et al. “Induction of photosensitivity by heterologous expression of melanopsin”, Nature, 2005, vol. 433: pp. 745-749. |
Rathnasingham et al., “Characterization of implantable microfabricated fluid delivery devices,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2004, vol. 51, No. 1: pp. 138-145. |
Rivera et al., “BDNF-Induced TrkB Activation Down-Regulates the K+-Cl-cotransporter KCC2 and Impairs Neuronal Cl-Extrusion”, The Journal of Cell Biology, 2002, vol. 159: pp. 747-752. |
Rosenkranz, et al. “The prefrontal cortex regulates lateral amygdala neuronal plasticity and responses to previously conditioned stimuli”, J. Neurosci., 2003, vol. 23, No. 35: pp. 11054-11064. |
Rousche, et al., “Flexible polyimide-based intracortical electrode arrays with bioactive capability,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2001, vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 361-371. |
Rubinson et at. “A lentivirus-based system to functionally silence genes in primary mammalian cells, stem cells and transgenic mice by RNA interference,” Nature Genetics, 2003, vol. 33, p. 401-406. |
Rudiger et at. “Specific arginine and threonine residues control anion binding and transport in the light-driven chloride pump halorhodopsin,” The EMBO Journal, 1997, vol. 16, No. 13, pp. 3813-3821. |
Salzman, et al. “Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction”, Nature, 1990, vol. 346, pp. 174-177. |
Sato et al. “Role of Anion-binding Sites in cytoplasmic and extracellular channels of Natronomonas pharaonis halorhodopsin,” Biochemistry, 2005. vol. 44, pp. 4775-4784. |
Sauer “Site-specific recombination: developments and applications,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 1994, vol. 5, No. 5: pp. 521-527. |
Schiff, et al. “Behavioral improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury,” Nature, 2007, vol. 448, pp. 600-604. |
Schlaepfer et al. “Deep Brain stimulation to Reward Circuitry Alleviates Anhedonia in Refractory Major Depresion,” Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008,vol. 33, pp. 368-377. |
Sclimenti, et al. “Directed evolution of a recombinase for improved genomic integration at a native human sequence,” Nucleic Acids Research, 2001, vol. 29, No. 24: pp. 5044-5051. |
Shepherd, et al. “Circuit Analysis of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Developing Rat Barrel Cortex”, Neuron, 2003, vol. 38: pp. 277-289. |
Shibasaki et al. “Effects of body temperature on neural activity in the hippocampus: Regulation of resting membrane potentials by transient receptor potential vanilloid 4,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2007, vol. 27, No. 7: pp. 1566-1575. |
Silver, et al. “Amino terminus of the yeast GAL4 gene product is sufficient for nuclear localization” PNAS, 1984, vol. 81, No. 19: pp. 5951-5955. |
Singer et al. “Elevated lntrasynaptic Dopamine Release in Tourette's Syndrome Measured by PET,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 2002, vol. 159: pp. 1329-1336. |
Slimko et al., “Selective Electrical Silencing of Mammalian Neurons In Vitro by the use of Invertebrate Ligand-Gated Chloride Channels”, The Journal of Neuroscience, 2002, vol. 22, No. 17: pp. 7373-7379. |
Smith et al. “Diversity in the serine recombinases”, Molecular Microbiology, 2002, vol. 44, No. 2: pp. 299-307. |
Stark, et al. “Catalysis by site-specific recombinases,” Trends Genet., 1992, vol. 8, No. 12: pp. 432-439. |
Stockklausner et al. “A sequence motif responsible for ER export and surface expression of Kir2.0 inward rectifier K+ channels,” FEBS Letters, 2001, vol. 493, pp. 129-133. |
Stoll, et al. “Phage TP901-I site-specific integrase functions in human cells,” Journal of Bacteriology, 2002, vol. 184, No. 13: pp. 3657-3663. |
Takahashi, et al.“Diversion of the Sign of Phototaxis in a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mutant Incorporated with Retinal and Its Analogs,” FEBS Letters, 1992, vol. 314, No. 3, pp. 275-279. |
Tatarkiewicz, et al. “Reversal of Hyperglycemia in Mice After Subcutaneous Transplantation of Macroencapsulated Islets”, Transplantation, 1999, vol. 67, No. 5: pp. 665-671. |
Tottene et al., “Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Mutations Increase Ca2+ Influx Through Single Human Cav2.1 Current Density in Neurons”, PNAS USA, 2002, vol. 99, No. 20: pp. 13284-13289. |
Tsau et al. “Distributed Aspects of the Response to Siphon Touch in Aplysia: Spread of Stimulus Information and Cross-Correlation Analysis,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 1994, vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 4167-4184. |
[No Authors Listed] “Two bright new faces in gene therapy,” Nature Biotechnology, 1996, vol. 14: p. 556. |
Tye et. al., “Amygdala circuitry mediating reversible and bidirectional control of anxiety”, Nature, 2011, vol. 471(7338): pp. 358-362. |
Tye et. al., Supplementary Materials: “An optically-resolved microcircuit for bidirectional anxiety control”, Nature, 2011, vol. 471(7338): pp. 358-362. |
Ulmanen, et al. “Transcription and translation of foreign genes in Bacillus subtilis by the aid of a secretion vector,” Journal of Bacteriology, 1985, vol. 162, No. 1: pp. 176-182. |
Van Der Linden, “Functional brain imaging and pharmacotherapy in social phobia: single photon emission computed tomography before and after Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram,” Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2000, vol. 24, No. 3: pp. 419-438. |
Vanin, et al. “Development of high-titer retroviral producer cell lines by using Cre-mediated recombination,” Journal of Virology, 1997, vol. 71, No. 10: pp. 7820-7826. |
Vetter, et al. “Development of a Microscale Implantable Neural Interface (MINI) Probe System,” Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE, Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, Shanghai, China, Sep. 1-4, 2005. |
Wagner, “Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation”, Annual Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2007. 9:19.1-19.39. |
Ward, et al. “Construction and characterisation of a series of multi-copy promoter-probe plasmid vectors for Streptomyces using the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene from Tn5 as indicator”, 1986, Mol. Gen. Genet., vol. 203: pp. 468-478. |
Watson, et al. “Targeted transduction patterns in the mouse brain by lentivirus vectors pseudotyped with VSV, Ebola, Mokola, LCMV, or MuLV envelope proteins,” Molecular Therapy, 2002, vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 528-537. |
Wang et al. “Direct-current Nanogenerator Driven by Ultrasonic Waves,” Science, 2007, vol. 316, pp. 102-105. |
Wang et. al., “High-speed mapping of synaptic connectivity using photostimulation in Channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice”, PNAS, 2007, vol. 104, No. 19, pp. 8143-8148. |
Weick et al. “Interactions with PDZ Proteins Are Required for L-Type Calcium Channels to Activate cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein-Dependent Gene Expression,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2003, vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 3446-3456. |
Witten et. al., Supporting Online Material for: “Cholinergic Interneurons Control Local Circuit Activity and Cocaine Conditioning”, Science, 2010, vol. 330: 17 pages. |
Witten et. al., “Cholinergic Interneurons Control Local Circuit Activity and Cocaine Conditioning”, Science, 2010, vol. 330, No. 6011: pp. 1677-1681. |
Yamazoe, et al. “Efficient generation of dopaminergic neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells enclosed in hollow fibers”, Biomaterials, 2006, vol. 27, pp. 4871-4880. |
Yizhar et. al., “Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction”, Nature, 2011, vol. 477, pp. 171-178; and Supplemental Materials; 41 pages. |
Yoon, et al., “A micromachined silicon depth probe for multichannel neural recording,” IEEE Transactions Biomedical Engineering, 2000, vol. 47, No. 8, pp. 1082-1087. |
Yoshimura, et al. “Excitatory cortical neurons form fine-scale functional networks”, Nature, 2005, vol. 433: pp. 868-873. |
Zacharias et al. “Recent advances in technology for measuring and manipulating cell signals,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2000, vol. 10: pp. 416-421. |
Zemelman, et al. “Selective Photostimulation of Genetically ChARGed Neurons”, Neuron, 2002, vol. 33: pp. 15-22. |
Zemelman, et al. “Photochemical gating of heterologous ion channels: Remote control over genetically designated populations of neurons”, PNAS, 2003, vol. 100, No. 3: pp. 1352-1357. |
Zhang, et al. “Channelrhodopsin-2 and optical control of excitable cells,” Nature Methods,2006, vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 785-792. |
Zhang, et al. “Red-Shifted Optogenetic Excitation: a Tool for Fast Neural Control Derived from Volvox carteri”, Nature Neurosciences, 2008,vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 631-633. |
Zhang “Multimodal fast optical interrogation of neural circuitry,” Nature, 2007, vol. 446, pp. 633-641. |
Zrenner, E., “Will Retinal Implants Restore Vision?” Science, 2002, vol. 295, No. 5557, pp. 1022-1025. |
Zufferey, et al. “Self-Inactivating Lentivirus Vector for Safe and Efficient In Vivo Gene Delivery”, Journal of Virology, 1998, vol. 72, No. 12, pp. 9873-9880. |
Airan, et al., “Temporally Precise in vivo Control of Intracellular Signaling”, 2009, Nature, vol. 458, No. 7241, pp. 1025-1029. |
Braun, “Two Light-activated Conductances in the Eye of the Green Alga Volvox carteri”, 1999, Biophys J., vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 1668-1678. |
Cardin, et al. “Driving Fast spiking Cells Induces Gamma Rhythm and Controls Sensory Responses”, 2009, Nature, vol. 459, vol. 7247, pp. 663-667. |
Deisseroth et al., “Excitation-neurogenesis Coupling in Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells”, 2004, Neuron, vol. 42, pp. 535-552. |
Ernst, et al. “Photoactivation of Channelrhodopsin”, 2008, vol. 283, No. 3, pp. 1637-1643. |
Genbank Accession No. DQ094781 (Jan. 15, 2008). |
Gradinaru, et al. “ENpHR: a Natronomonas Halorhodopsin Enhanced for Optogenetic Applications”, 2008, Brain Cell Biol., vol. 36 (1-4), pp. 129-139. |
Herlitze, et al., “New Optical Tools for Controlling Neuronal Activity”, 2007, Curr Opin Neurobiol, vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 87-94. |
Jekely, “Evolution of Phototaxis”, 2009, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, vol. 364, pp. 2795-2808. |
Johansen, et al., “Optical Activation of Lateral Amygdala Pyramidal Cells Instructs Associative Fear Learning”, 2010, PNAS, vol. 107, No. 28, pp. 12692-12697. |
Kianianmomeni, et al. “Channelrhodopsins of Volvox carteri are Photochromic Proteins that are Specifically Expressed in Somatic Cells under Control of Light, Temperature, and the Sex Inducer”, 2009, Plant Physiology, vol. 151, No. 1, pp. 347-366. |
Knopfel, et al. “Optical Probin of Neuronal Circuit Dynamics: Gentically Encoded Versus Classical Fluorescent Sensors”, 2006, Trends Neurosci, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 160-166. |
McAllister, “Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Dendrite Growth”, 2000, Cereb Cortex, vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 963-973. |
Pape, et al., “Plastic Synaptic Networks of the Amygdala for the Acquisition, Expression, and Extinction of Conditioned Fear”, 2010, Physiol Rev, vol. 90, pp. 419-463. |
Randic, et al. “Long-term Potentiation and Long-term Depression of Primary Afferent Neurotransmission in the Rat Spinal Cord”, 1993, Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 5228-5241. |
Ritter, et al., “Monitoring Light-induced Structural Changes of Channelrhodopsin-2 by UV-Visable and Fourier Transform Infared Spectroscopy”, 2008, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 283, No. 50, pp. 35033-35041. |
Sajdyk, et al., “Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala Regulate Anxiety Responses in the Social Interaction Test”, Brain Research, 1997, vol. 764, pp. 262-264. |
Swanson, “Lights, Opsins, Action! Optogenetics Brings Complex Neuronal Circuits into Sharper Focus”, 2009, The Dana Foundation, [URL: http://www.dana.org/news/features/detail.aspx?id=24236], PDF File, pp. 1-3. |
Swiss-Prot_Q2QCJ4, Opsin 1, Oct. 31, 2006, URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nig.gov/protein/Q2QCJ4. |
“SubName: Full=Channelrhodopsin-1”, retrieved from EBI accession No. UNIPROT: B4Y103. Database accession No. B4Y103. Sep. 23, 2008. |
Gonzalez, et al., “Cell-Based Assays and Instrumentation for Screening Ion-Channel Targets”, DDT, 1999, vol. 4, No. 9, pp. 431439. |
Natochin, et al. “Probing rhodopsin-transducin interaction using Drosophila Rh1-bovine rhodopsin chimeras,” Vision Res., 2006, vol. 46, No. 27: pp. 4575-4581. |
De Foubert et al. “Fluoxetine-Induced Change in Rat Brain Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Varies Depending on Length of Treatment,” Neuroscience, 2004, vol. 128, pp. 597-604. |
Emerich, et al. “A Novel Approach to Neural Transplantation in Parkinson's Disease: Use of Polymer-Encapsulated Cell Therapy”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 437-447. |
Gold, et al. “Representation of a perceptual decision in developing oculomotor commands”, Nature, 2000, vol. 404, pp. 390-394. |
Gregory, et al. “Integration site for Streptomyces phage φBT1 and development of site-specific integrating vectors”, Journal of Bacteriology, 2003, vol. 185, No. 17, pp. 5320-5323. |
Gulick, et al. “Transfection using DEAE-Dextran” Supplement 40, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1997, Supplement 40, 9.2.1-9.2.10. |
Hausser, et al. “Tonic Synaptic Inhibition Modulates Neuronal Output Pattern and Spatiotemporal Synaptic Integration”, Neuron, 1997, vol. 19, pp. 665-678. |
Kingston et al. “Transfection and Expression of Cloned DNA,” Supplement 31, Current Protocols in Immunology, 1999, 10.13.1-1 0.13.9. |
Louis et al. “Cloning and sequencing of the cellular-viral junctions from the human adenovirus type 5 transformed 293 cell line,” Virology, 1997, vol. 233, pp. 423-429. |
Mortensen et al. “Selection of Transfected Mammalian Cells,” Supplement 86, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1997, 9.5.1-09.5.19. |
Pear “Transient Transfection Methods for Preparation of High-Titer Retroviral Supernatants” Supplement 68, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1996, 9.1 1 .I-9.11 .I 8. |
Pouille, et al. “Routing of spike series by dynamic circuits in the hippocampus”, Nature, 2004, vol. 429: pp. 717-723. |
Rammes, et al., “Synaptic Plasticity in the Basolateral Amygdala in Transgenic Mice Expressing Dominant-Negative cAMP Response Element-binding Protein (CREB) in Forebrain”, Eur J. Neurosci, 2000, vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 2534-2546. |
Song et al. “Differential Effect of TEA on Long-Term Synaptic Modification in Hippocampal CA1 and Dentate Gyrus in vitro.” Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2001, vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 375-387. |
Song, “Genes responsible for native depolarization-activated K+ currents in neurons,” Neuroscience Research, 2002, vol. 42, pp. 7-14. |
Wells et al. “Application of Infrared light for in vivo neural stimulation,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2005, vol. 10(6), pp. 064003-1-064003-12. |
Yan et al., “Cloning and Characterization of a Human β,β-Carotene-15, 15′-Dioxygenase that is Highly Expressed in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium”, Genomics, 2001, vol. 72: pp. 193-202. |
Gradinaru, et al., Molecular and Cellular Approaches for Diversifying and Extending Optogenetics, Cell, 2010, vol. 141, No. 1, pp. 154-165. |
RecName: Full=Halorhodopsin; Short=HR; Alt Name: Full=NpHR; XP002704922, retrieved from EBI accession No. UNIPROT: P15647. Database accession No. P15647. Apr. 1, 1990. |
Zhang, et al., “The Microbial Opsin Family of Optogenetic Tools”, Cell, 2011, vol. 147, No. 7, pp. 1146-1457. |
Adamantidis, et al., “Optogenetic Interrogation of Dopaminergic Modulation of the Multiple Phases of Reward-Seeking Behavior”, J. Neurosci, 2011, vol. 31, No. 30, pp. 10829-10835. |
Han, et al., “Multiple-Color Optical Activation, Silencing, and Desynchronization of Neural Activity with Single-Spike Temporal Resolution”, PLoS One, 2007, vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 1-12. |
Kinoshita, et al., “Optogenetically Induced Supression of Neural Activity in the Macaque Motor Cortex”, Poster Sessions Somatomotor System, Others,2010, pp. 141-154. |
Rein, et al., “The Optogenetic (r)evolution”, Mol. Genet. Genomics, 2012, vol. 287, No. 2, pp. 95-109. |
Remy, et al., “Depression in Parkinson's Disease: Loss of Dopamine and Noradrenaline Innervation in the Limbic System”, Brain, 2005, vol. 128 (Pt 6), pp. 1314-1322. |
Tsai, et al., “Phasic Firing in Dopaminergic Neurons in Sufficient for Behavioral Conditioning”, Science, 2009, vol. 324, pp. 1080-1084. |
Zhao, et al., “Improved Expression of Halorhodopsin for Light-Induced Silencing of Neuronal Activity”, Brain Cell Biology, 2008, vol. 36 (1-4), pp. 141-154. |
Wang, et al., “Molecular Determinants Differentiating Photocurrent Properties of Two Channelrhodopsins from Chlamydomonas”, 2009, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 284, No. 9, pp. 5685-5696. |
Tye, et al. “Optogenetic investigation of neural circuits underlying brain disease in animal models,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience (Mar. 2012), 13(4):251-266. |
Tam, B. et al., “Identification of an Outer Segment Targeting Signal in the COOH Terminus of Rhodopsin Using Transgenic Xenopus laevis”, The Journal of Cell Biology, 2000, vol. 151, No. 7, pp. 1369-1380. |
Lanyi et al. “The primary structure of a Halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis” Journal of Biological Chemistry 1990, vol. 265, No. 3, p. 1253-1260. |
Hofherr et al. “Selective Golgi export of Kir2.1 controls the stoichiometry of functional Kr2.x channel heteromers” Journal of Cell Science, 2005, vol. 118, p. 1935-1943. |
Loetterle, et al., “Cerebellar Stimulation: Pacing the Brain”, American Journal of Nursing, 1975, vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 958-960. |
Balint, et al., “The Nitrate Transporting Photochemical Reaction Cycle of the Pharaonis Halorhodopsin”, Biophysical Journal, 2004, vol. 86, pp. 1655-1663. |
Berndt et al., “Structure-Guided Transformation of Channelrhodopsin into a Light-Activated Chloride Channel”, Science (Apr. 2014), 344(6182):420-424. |
Chow et al., “Optogenetics and Translational Medicine”, Science Translational Medicine (Mar. 2013), 5(177):177ps5. |
Eijkelkamp, et al. “Neurological perspectives on voltage-gated sodium channels”, Brain (Sep. 2012), 135(Pt 9):2585-2612. |
Garrido et al., “A targeting motif involved in sodium channel clustering at the axonal initial segment”, Science (Jun. 2003), 300(5628):2091-4. |
Han; et al., “Two-color, bi-directional optical voltage control of genetically-targeted neurons”, CoSyne (2007), Abstract Presentation, Poster III-67, p. 269, Presented Feb. 24, 2007. |
Hustler; et al., “Acetylcholinesterase staining in human auditory and language cortices: regional variation of structural features”, Cereb Cortex (Mar.-Apr. 1996), 6(2):260-70. |
Iyer et al., “Virally mediated optogenetic excitation and inhibition of pain in freely moving nontransgenic mice”, Nat Biotechnol., (Mar. 2014), 32(3):274-8. |
Ji et al., “Light-evoked Somatosensory Perception of Transgenic Rats that Express Channelrhodopsin-2 in Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells”, PLoS One (2012), 7(3):e32699. |
Jennings et al., “Distinct extended amygdala circuits for divergent motivational states,” Nature (Apr. 2013), 496 (7444):224-8. |
Kim et al., “PDZ domain proteins of synapses”, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, (Oct. 2004), 5(10):771-81. |
Kim et al., “Diverging neural pathways assemble a behavioural state from separable features in anxiety” Nature (Apr. 2013), 496(7444):219-23. |
Kokel et al., “Photochemical activation of TRPA1 channels in neurons and animals”, Nat Chem Biol (Apr. 2013), 9(4):257-63. |
Lammel et al., “Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area”, Nature (Nov. 2012), 491(7423): 212-7. |
Liske et al., “Optical inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity in vivo”, Muscle Nerve (Jun. 2013), 47(6):916-21. |
Llewellyn et al., “Orderly recruitment of motor units under optical control in vivo”, Nature Medicine, (Oct. 2010), 16(10):1161-5. |
Mattis et al., “Principles for applying optogenetic tools derived from direct comparative analysis of microbial opsins”, Nat Methods (Dec. 2011), 9(2):159-72. |
Mourot et al., “Rapid Optical Control of Nociception with an Ion Channel Photoswitch”, Nat Methods (Feb. 2012), 9(4):396-402. |
Nieh et al., “Optogenetic dissection of neural circuits underlying emotional valence and motivated behaviors”, Brain Research, (May 2012), 1511:73-92. |
Slamovits et al., “A bacterial proteorhodopsin proton pump in marie eukaryotes”, Nature Communications (Feb. 2011), 2:183. |
Towne et al., “Efficient transduction of non-human primate motor neurons after intramuscular delivery of recombinant AAV serotype 6”, Gene Ther. (Jan. 2010), 17(1):141-6. |
Towne et al., “Optogenetic control of targeted peripheral axons in freely moving animals”, PLoS One (Aug. 2013), 8(8):e72691. |
Towne et al., “Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (rAAV2/6)-mediated gene transfer to nociceptive neurons through different routes of delivery”, Mol Pain (Sep. 2009), 5:52. |
Wang et al., “Mrgprd-Expressing Polymodal Nociceptive Neurons Innervate Most Known Classes of Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons”, J Neurosci (Oct. 2009), 29(42):13202-13209. |
Williams et al., “From optogenetic technologies to neuromodulation therapies”, Sci Transl Med. (Mar. 2013), 5(177):177ps6. |
Xiong et al., “Interregional connectivity to primary motor cortex revealed using MRI resting state images”, Hum Brain Mapp, 1999, 8(2-3):151-156. |
Arenkiel, et al. “In vivo light-induced activation of neural circuitry in transgenic mice expressing Channelrhodopsin-2”, Neuron, 2007, 54:205-218. |
Milella et al. “Opposite roles of dopamine and orexin in quinpirole-induced excessive drinking: a rat model of psychotic polydipsia” Psychopharmacology, 2010, 211:355-366. |
Marin, et al., The Amino Terminus of the Fourth Cytoplasmic Loop of Rhodopsin Modulates Rhodopsin-Transduction Interaction, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000, vol. 275, pp. 1930-1936. |
Hikida et al., “Increased sensitivity to cocaine by cholinergic cell ablation in nucleus accumbens”, PNAS, Nov. 2001, 98(23): 13351-13354. |
Hikida et al., “Acetylcholine enhancement in the nucleus accumbens prevents addictive behaviors of cocaine and morphine”, PNAS, May 2003, 100(10):6169-6173. |
Kitabatake et al., “Impairment of reward-related learning by cholinergic cell ablation in the striatum”, PNAS, Jun. 2003, 100(13):7965-7970. |
Tamai, “Progress in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Research in Retinitis Pigmentosa and Age Related Macular Degeneration”, Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi, vol. 108, No. 12, Dec. 2004 (Dec. 2004), pp. 750-769. |
Berke, et al. “Addiction, Dopamine, and the Molecular Mechanisms of Memory”, Molecular Plasticity, 2000, vol. 25: pp. 515-532. |
Goshen et al. “Dynamics of Retrieval Strategies for Remote Memories”, Cell, 2011, vol. 147: pp. 678-589. |
Jimenez S.A & Maren S. et al/ “Nuclear disconnection within the amygdala reveals a direct pathway to fear”, Learning Memory, 2009, vol. 16: pp. 766-768. |
Ehrlich I. et al. “Amygdala inhibitory circuits and the control of fear memory”, Neuron, 2009. Friedrich Meischer Institute, vol. 62: pp. 757-771. |
Berndt et al. “Bi-stable neural state switches”, Nature Neuroscience, 2009, vol. 12, No. 2: pp. 229-234. |
Simmons et al. “Localization and function of NK3 subtype Tachykinin receptors of layer pyramidal neurons of the guinea-pig medial prefrontal cortex”, Neuroscience, 2008, vol. 156, No. 4: pp. 987-994. |
Gradinaru et al., “Targeting and readout strategies for fast optical neural control in vitro and in vivo”, J Neuroscience, 2007, 27(52):14231-14238. |
Delaney et al., “Evidence for a long-lived 13-cis-containing intermediate in the photocycle of the leu 93 → ala bacteriorhodopsin mutant”, J. Physical Chemistry B, 1997, vol. 101, No. 29, pp. 5619-5621. |
Fenno et al., “The development and application of optogenetics”, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2011, vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 389-412. |
Gunaydin et al., “Ultrafast optogenetic control”, Nature Neuroscience, 2010, vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 387-392. |
Hira et al., “Transcranial optogenetic stimulation for functional mapping of the motor cortex”, J Neurosci Methods, 2009, vol. 179, pp. 258-263. |
Lalumiere, R., “A new technique for controlling the brain: optogenetics and its potential for use in research and the clinic”, Brain Stimulation, 2011, vol. 4, pp. 1-6. |
Lin, “A user's guide to channelrhodopsin variants: features, limitations and future developments”, Exp Physiol, 2010, vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 19-25. |
Mancuso et al., “Optogenetic probing of functional brain circuitry”, Experimental Physiology, 2010, vol. 96.1, pp. 26-33. |
Peralvarez-Marin et al., “Inter-helical hydrogen bonds are essential elements for intra-protein signal transduction: The role of Asp115 in bacteriorhodopsin transport function”, J. Mol. Biol., 2007, vol. 368, pp. 666-676. |
Pinkham et al., “Neural bases for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders”, Schizophrenia Research, 2008, vol. 99, pp. 164-175. |
Sohal et al., “Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance”, Nature, 2009, vol. 459, No. 7247, pp. 698-702. |
Yizhar et al., “Optogenetics in neural systems”, Neuron Primer, 2011, vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 9-34. |
Babin et al., “Zebrafish Models of Human Motor Neuron Diseases: Advantages and Limitations”, Progress in Neurobiology (2014), 118:36-58. |
Santana et al., “Can Zebrafish Be Used as Animal Model to Study Alzheimer's Disease?” Am. J. Neurodegener. Dis. (2012), 1(1):32-48. |
Sheikh et al., “Neurodegenerative Diseases: Multifactorial Conformational Diseases and Their Therapeutic Interventions”, Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2013), Article ID 563481:1-8. |
Suzuki et al., “Stable Transgene Expression from HSV Amplicon Vectors in the Brain: Potential Involvement of Immunoregulatory Signals”, Molecular Therapy (2008), 16(10):1727-1736. |
Thomas et al., “Progress and Problems with the Use of Viral Vectors for Gene”, Nat. Rev. Genet. (2003), 4(5):346-358. |
Li et al., “Surface Expression of Kv1 Channels is Governed by a C-Terminal Motif”, J. Bioi. Chem. (2000), 275(16):11597-11602. |
Lonnerberg et al. “Regulatory Region in Choline Acetyltransferase Gene Directs Developmental and Tissue-Specific Expression in Transgenic mice”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995), 92(9):4046-4050. |
Varo et al.,“Light-Driven Chloride Ion Transport by Halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis. 2. Chloride Release and Uptake, Protein Conformation Change, and Thermodynamics”, Biochemistry (1995), 34(44):14500-14507. |
Deisseroth, et al., “Controlling the Brain with Light”, Scientific American, 2010, vol. 303, pp. 48-55. |
Douglass, et al., “Escape Behavior Elicited by Single, Channelrhodopsin-2-evoked Spikes in Zebrafish Somatosensory Neurons”, Curr Biol., 2008, vol. 18, No. 15, pp. 1133-1137. |
Sineshchekov, et al., “Two Rhodopsins Mediate Phototaxis to Low and High Intensity Light in Chlamydomas Reinhardtil”, PNAS, 2002, vol. 99, No. 13, pp. 8689-8694. |
Tønnese, et al., “Optogenetic Control of Epileptiform Activity”, PNAS, 2009, vol. 106, No. 29, pp. 12162-12167. |
Cazillis et al., “VIP and PACAP induce selective neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells”, Eur J Neurosci, 2004, 19(4):798-808. |
Morelli et al., “Neuronal and glial cell type-specific promoters within adenovirus recombinants restrict the expression of the apoptosis-inducing molecule Fas ligand to predetermined brain cell types, and abolish peripheral liver toxicity”, Journal of General Virology, 1999, 80:571-583. |
Fox et al., “A gene neuron expression fingerprint of C. elegans embryonic motor neurons”, BMC Genomics, 2005, 6(42):1-23. |
Nonet, “Visualization of synaptic specializations in live C. elegans with synaptic vesicle protein-GFP fusions”, J. Neurosci. Methods, 1999, 89:33-40. |
Synapse, Chapter 13, http://michaeldmann.net/mann13.html, downloaded Apr. 2014. |
Fiala et al., “Optogenetic approaches in neuroscience”, Current Biology, Oct. 2010, 20(20): R897-R903. |
Gradinaru et al., “Optical deconstruction of parkinsonian neural circuitry”, Science, Apr. 2009, 324(5925):354-359. |
Liu et al., “Optogenetics 3.0”, Cell, Apr. 2010, 141(1):22-24. |
Malin et al., “Involvement of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in consolidation of inhibitory avoidance memory: Interaction with the basolateral amygdala”, Neurobiol Learning Mem,2007,87(2):295-302. |
Mayford et al., “Control of memory formation through regulated expression of CAMKII Transgene”, Science, Dec. 1996, 274:1678-1683. |
Schroll et al., “Light-induced activation of distinct modulatory neurons triggers appetitive or aversive learning in Drosophila larvae”, Current Biology, Sep. 2006, 16(17):1741-1747. |
Brewin; “The Nature and Significance of Memory Disturbance in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder”; Ann. Rev. Clin. Psychol.; vol. 7, pp. 203-227 (2011). |
Raper, et al.; “Fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient following adenoviral gene transfer.” Mol. Genet. Metab.; vol. 80, No. 1-2, pp. 148-158 (Sep.-Oct. 2003). |
Samuelson; “Post-traumatic stress disorder and declarative memory functioning: a review”; Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience; vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 346-351 (2011). |
Ali; “Gene and stem cell therapy for retinal disorders”; vision-research.en—The Gateway to European Vision Research; accessed from http://www.vision-research.eu/index.php?id=696, 10 pages (accessed Jul. 24, 2015). |
Asano, et al.; “Optically Controlled Contraction of Photosensitive Skeletal Muscle Cells”; Biotechnology & Bioengineering; vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 199-204 (Jan. 2012). |
Bruegmann, et al.; “Optogenetic control of heart muscle in vitro and in vivo”; Nature Methods; vol. 7, No. 11, pp. 897-900(Nov. 2010). |
Bruegmann, et al.; “Optogenetics in cardiovascular research: a new tool for light-induced depolarization of cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo”; European Heart Journal; vol. 32, No. Suppl . 1, p. 997 (Aug. 2011). |
Genbank Accession No. AAG01180.1; Idnurm, et al.; pp. 1 (Mar. 21, 2001). |
Genbank Accession No. ABT17417.1; Sharma, et al.; pp. 1 (Aug. 15, 2007). |
Genbank Accession No. BAA09452.1; Mukohata et al.; pp. 1 (Feb. 10, 1999). |
Kessler, et al.; “Gene delivery to skeletal muscle results in sustained expression and systemic delivery of a therapeutic protein”; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA; vol. 93, pp. 14082-14087 (Nov. 1996). |
Mueller, et al.; “Clinical Gene Therapy Using Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors”; Gene Therapy; vol. 15, pp. 858-863 (2008). |
Wang, et al.; “Laser-evoked synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2 delivered by adeno-associated virus”; Journal of Neuroscience Methods; vol. 183, pp. 165-175 (2009). |
Peterlin, et al. “Optical probing of neuronal circuits with calcium indicators,” PNAS, 2000, vol. 97, No. 7: pp. 3619-3624. |
Shibasaki et al., “Effects of body temperature on neural activity in the hippocampus: Regulation of resting membrane potentials by transient receptor potential vanilloid 4,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 2007, 27(7):1566-1575. |
Takahashi, et al., “Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors”, 2006, Cell, vol. 126, pp. 663-676. |
Ageta-Ishihara et al., “Chronic overload of SEPT4, a parkin substrate that aggregates in Parkinson's disease, cause behavioral alterations but not neurodegeneration in mice”, Molecular Brain, 2013, vol. 6, 14 pages. |
Axoclamp-28 Microelectrode claim theory and operation. Accessed from https://physics.ucsd.edu/neurophysics/Manuals/Axon%20Instruments/Axoclamp-2B_Manual.pdf on Dec. 12, 2014. |
Cowan et al., “Targeting gene expression to endothelium in transgenic animals: a comparison of the human ICAM-2, PECAM-1, and endoglin promoters”, Xenotransplantation, 2003, vol. 10, pp. 223-231. |
Definition of Psychosis (2015). |
Ebert et al., “A Moloney MLV-rat somatotropin fusion gene produces biologically active somatotropin in a transgenic pig”, Mol. Endocrinology, 1988, vol. 2, pp. 277-283. |
Hammer et al., “Spontaneous inflammatory disease in transgenic rats expressing HLA-B27 and Human β2m: an animal model of HLA-B27-associated human disorders”, Cell, 1990, vol. 63, pp. 1099-1112. |
Karra, et al. “Transfection Techniques for Neuronal Cells”, The Journal of Neuroscience, 2010, vol. 30, No. 18, pp. 6171-6177. |
Kelder et al., “Glycoconjugates in human and transgenic animal milk”, Advances in Exp. Med. and Biol., 2001, vol. 501, pp. 269-278. |
Mullins et al., “Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene”, Nature, 1990, vol. 344, pp. 541-544. |
Mullins et al., “Expression of the DBA/2J Ren-2 gene in the adrenal gland of transgenic mice”, EMBO, 1989, vol. 8, pp. 4065-4072. |
Taurog et al., “HLA-B27 in inbred and non-inbred transgenic mice”, J. Immunol., 1988, vol. 141, pp. 4020-4023. |
Wall, “Transgenic livestock: Progress and prospects for the future”, Theriogenology, 1996, vol. 45, pp. 57-68. |
Wang, et al., “High-speed mapping of synaptic connectivity using photostimulation in Channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007, vol. 104, No. 19, pp. 8143-8148. |
Written opinion of PCT Application No. PCT/US2011/059383 (dated May 9, 2012). |
Davis; “The many faces of epidermal growth factor repeats,” The New Biologist; vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 410-419 (1990). |
De Palma, et al.; “In Vivo Targeting of Tumor Endothelial Cells by Systemic Delivery of Lentiviral Vectors”; Human Gene Therapy; vol. 14, pp. 1193-1206 (Aug. 10, 2003). |
EBI accession No. UNIPROT: A7U0Y6; “SubName: Full=Bacteriorhodopsin”; (Aug. 10, 2010). |
Ihara, et al.; “Evolution of the Archaeal Rhodopsins: Evolution Rate Changes by Gene Duplication and Functional Differentiation”; J. Mol. Biol.; vol. 285, pp. 163-174 (1999). |
Kaiser; “Clinical research. Death prompts a review of gene therapy vector”; Science; 317(5838):580 (Aug. 3, 2007). |
Kay; “State-of-the-art gene-based therapies: the road ahead”; Nature Reviews Genetics; vol. 12, pp. 316-328 (May 2011). |
Singer; “Light Switch for Bladder Control”; Technology Review; pp. 1-2 (Sep. 14, 2009). |
Skolnick, et al.; “From genes to protein structure and function: novel applications of computational approaches in the genomic era”; Trends Biotechnol; vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 34-39 (Jan. 2000). |
Soofiyani, et al.; “Gene Therapy, Early Promises, Subsequent Problems, and Recent Breakthroughs”; Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin; vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 249-255 (2013). |
Ibbini, et al.; “A Field Conjugation Method for Direct Synthesis of Hyperthermia Phased-Array Heating Patterns”; IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control; vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 3-9 (Jan. 1989). |
Berlanga, et a.; “Cholinergic Interneurons of the Nucleus Accumbens and Dorsal Striatum are Activated by the Self-Administration of Cocaine”; Neuroscience; vol. 120, pp. 1149-1156 (2003). |
Day, et al.; “The Nucleus Accumbens and Pavlovian Reward Learning”; Neuroscientist; vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 148-159 (Apr. 2007). |
Knopfel, et al.; “A comprehensive concept of optogenetics”; Progress in Brain Research; vol. 196, pp. 1-28 (2012). |
Packer, et al.; “Targeting Neurons and Photons for Optogenetics”; Nature Neuroscience; vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 805-815 (Jul. 2013). |
Barchet, et al.; “Challenges and opportunities in CNS delivery of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases”; Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery; vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 211-225 (Mar. 16, 2009). |
Bowers, et al.; “Genetic therapy for the nervous system”; Human Molecular Genetics; vol. 20, No. 1, pp. R28-R41 (2011). |
Castagne, et al.; “Rodent Models of Depression: Forced Swim and Tail Suspension Behavioral Despair Tests in Rats and Mice”; Current Protocols in Pharmacology; Supp. 49, Unit 5.8.1-5.8.14 (Jun. 2010). |
Friedman, et al.; “Programmed Acute Electrical Stimulation of Ventral Tegmental Area Alleviates Depressive-Like Behavior”; Neuropsychopharmacology; vol. 34, pp. 1057-1066 (2009). |
GenBank Accession No. AC096118.6; Rattus norvegicus clone CH230-11 B15, 1-4, 24-25, Working Draft Sequence, 3 unordered pieces. May 10, 2003. |
GenBank Accession No. U79717.1; Rattus norvegicus dopamine 02 receptor 1-4, 24-25 gene, promoter region and exon 1. Jan. 31, 1997. |
Haim, et al.; “Gene Therapy to the Nervous System”; Stem Cell and Gene-Based Therapy; Section 2, pp. 133-154 (2006). |
Pandya, et al.; “Where in the Brain Is Depression?”; Curr. Psychiatry Rep.; vol. 14, pp. 634-642 (2012). |
Stonehouse, et al.; “Caffeine Regulates Neuronal Expression of the Dopamine 2 Receptor Gene”; Molecular Pharmacology; vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 1463-1473 (2003). |
Clark, et al.; “A future for transgenic livestock”; Nature Reviews Genetics; vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 825-833 (Oct. 2003). |
Do Carmo, et al.; “Modeling Alzheimer's disease in transgenic rats”; Molecular Neurodegeneration; vol. 8, No. 37, 11 pages (2013). |
Heymann, et al.; “Expression of Bacteriorhodopsin in Sf9 and COS-1 Cells”; Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes; vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 55-59 (1997). |
Ramalho, et al.; “Mouse genetic corneal disease resulting from transgenic insertional mutagenesis”; Br. J. Ophthalmol.; vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 428-432 (Mar. 2004). |
Ristevski; “Making Better Transgenic Models: Conditional, Temporal, and Spatial Approaches”; Molecular Biotechnology; vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 153-163 (Feb. 2005). |
Sigmund; “Viewpoint: Are Studies in Genetically Altered Mice Out of Control?”; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc. Biol.; vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 1425-1429 (Jun. 2000). |
Sineshchekov et al.; “Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Channelrhodopsins”; Biophysical Journal; vol. 104, No. 4, pp. 807-807 (Feb. 2013). |
Chamanzar, et al.; “Deep Tissue Targeted Near-infrared Optogenetic Stimulation using Fully Implantable Upconverting Light Bulbs”; 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE; doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318488, pp. 821-824 (Aug. 25, 2015). |
Hososhima, et al.; “Near-infrared (NIR) up-conversion optogenetics”; Optical Techniques in Neurosurgery, Neurophotonics, and Optogenetics II; vol. 9305, doi: 10.1117/12.2078875, 4 pages (2015). |
Wang, et al.; “Simultaneous phase and size control of upconversion nanocrystals through lanthanide doping”; Nature; vol. 463, No. 7284, pp. 1061-1065 (Feb. 25, 2010). |
Han, et a.; “Virogenetic and optogenetic mechanisms to define potential therapeutic targets in psychiatric disorders”; Neuropharmacology; vol. 62, pp. 89-100 (2012). |
Zhang, et al.; “Optogenetic interrogation of neural circuits: Technology for probing mammalian brain structures”; Nature Protocols; vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 439-456 (Mar. 1, 2010). |
Han, et al.; “A high-light sensitivity optical neural silencer: development and application to optogenetic control of non-human primate cortex”; Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience; vol. 5, Article 18, pp. 1-8 (Apr. 2011). |
Jones, et al.; “Animal Models of Schizophrenia”; British Journal of Pharmacology; vol. 164, pp. 1162-1194 (2011). |
Chow, et al.; “High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by light-driven proton pumps”; Nature; vol. 463, pp. 98-102 (Jan. 7, 2010). |
Gong, et al.; “Enhanced Archaerhodopsin Fluorescent Protein Voltage Indicators”; PLOS One; vol. 8, Issue 6, 10 pages (Jun. 2013). |
Definition of Implant; Merriam-Webster Dictionary; retrieved Nov. 7, 2016 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/implant). |
Ferenczi, et al.; “Optogenetic approaches addressing extracellular modulation of neural excitability”; Scientific Reports; vol. 6, 20 pages (Apr. 5, 2016). |
Li, et al.; “A Method for Activiation of Endogenous Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1a (ASIC1a) in the Nervous System with High Spatial and Temporal Precision”; The Journal of Biological Chemistry; vol. 289, No. 22, pp. 15441-15448 (May 30, 2014). |
Shimizu, et al.; “NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Reinforcement as a Crucial Process for Memory Consolidation”; Science; vol. 290, pp. 1170-1174 (Nov. 10, 2000). |
Zeng, et al.; “Activation of acid-sensing ion channels by localized proton transient reveals their role in proton signaling”; Scientific Reports; vol. 5, 14 pages (Sep. 15, 2015). |
Zeng, et al.; “Proton production, regulation and pathophysiological roles in the mammalian brain”; Neuroscience Bulletin; vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 1-13 (Feb. 1, 2012). |
Davidson, et al.; “Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery to the Nervous System”; Nature Reviews Neuroscience; vol. 4, pp. 353-364 (May 2003). |
Fanselow, et al.; “Why We Think Plasticity Underlying Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Occurs in the Basolateral Amygdala”; Neuron; vol. 23, pp. 229-232 (Jun. 1999). |
Rogers, et al.; “Effects of ventral and dorsal CA1 subregional lesions on trace fear conditioning”; Neurobiology of Learning and Memory; vol. 86, pp. 72-81 (2006). |
Johnson, et al.; “Differential Biodistribution of Adenoviral Vector In Vivo as Monitored by Bioluminescence Imaging and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction”; Human Gene Therapy; vol. 17, pp. 1262-1269 (Dec. 2006). |
Schester, et al.; “Biodistribution of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector after intrathecal and intravenous delivery in mouse”; Frontiers in Neuroanatomy; vol. 8, Article 42, pp. 1-41 (Jun. 10, 2014). |
Abbott, et al.; “Photostimulation of Retrotrapezoid Nucleus Phox2b-Expressing Neurons In Vivo Produces Long-Lasting Activation of Breathing in Rats”; The Journal of Neuroscience; vol. 29, No. 18, pp. 5806-5819 (May 6, 2009). |
Alilain, et al.; “Light-Induced Rescue of Breathing after Spinal Cord Injury”; The Journal of Neuroscience; vol. 28, No. 46, pp. 11862-11870 (Nov. 12, 2008). |
Cardin, et al.; “Targeted optogenetic stimulation and recording of neurons in vivo using cell-type-specific expression of Channelrhodopsin-2”; Nature Protocols; vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 247-254 (2010). |
Caro, et al.; “Engineering of an Artificial Light-Modulated Potassium Channel”; PLoS One; vol. 7, Issue 8, e43766 (Aug. 2012). |
Hagglund, et al.; “Activation of groups of excitatory neurons in the mammalian spinal cord or hindbrain evokes locomotion”; Nature Neuroscience; vol. 13, No. 2, 8 pages (Feb. 2010). |
Kleinlogel, et al.; “A gene-fusion strategy for stoichiometric and co-localized expression of light-gated membrane proteins”; Nature Methods; vol. 8, No. 12, pp. 1083-1091 (Dec. 2011). |
Kravitz, et al.; “Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry”; Nature; vol. 466, No. 622, 8 pages (Jul. 29, 2010). |
Luo, et al.; “Synthetic DNA delivery systems”; Nature Biotechnology; vol. 18, pp. 33-37 (Jan. 2000). |
Nelson, et al.; “Non-Human Primates: Model Animals for Developmental Psychopathology”; Neuropsychopharmacology; vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 90-105 (Jan. 2009). |
Tomita, et al.; “Visual Properties of Transgenic Rats Harboring the Channelrhodopsin-2 Gene Regulated by the Thy-1.2 Promoter”; PLoS One; vol. 4, No. 11, 13 pages (Nov. 2009). |
Uniprot Accession No. P02945, integrated into the database on Jul. 21, 1986. |
Coleman, et al.; “Assessing Anxiety in Nonhuman Primates”; Ilar Journal; vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 333-346 (2014). |
Maestripieri, et al.; “A modest proposal: displacement activities as an indicator of emotions in primates”; Anim. Behav.; vol. 44, pp. 967-979 (1992). |
Azizgolshani, et al.; “Reconstituted plant viral capsids can release genes to mammalian cells”; Virology; vol. 441, No. 1, pp. 12-17 (2013). |
Racaniello; “How many viruses on Earth?”; Virology Blog; 6 pages; http://www.virology.ws/2013/09/06/how-many-viruses-on-earth/ (Sep. 6, 2013). |
Lin, et al.; “Study of the Circuitry of Nucleus Accumbens and its Effect on Addiction by Optogenetic Methods: 964”; Neurosurgery; vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 557 (Aug. 2010). |
Tsuchida; “Nervous Control of Micturition”; The Japanese Journal of Urology; vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 1257-1277 (1989). |
Gritton, et al.; “Optogenetically-evoked cortical cholinergic transients in mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in cholinergic neurons”; Society for Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and Itinery Planner & 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Neuroscience; vol. 40, 2 pages (2010). |
Sofuoglu, et al.; “Cholinergic Functioning in Stimulant Addiction: Implications for Medications Development”; CNS Drugs; vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 939-952 (Nov. 1, 2009). |
Witten, et al.; “Cholinergic interneurons of the nucleus accumbens control local circuit activity and reward behavior”; Society for Neuroscience Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner & 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Neuroscience; vol. 40, 2 pages (2010). |
Definition of integral. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, retrieved on Mar. 20, 2017; Retrieved from the internet: <http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/integral>. |
Boyden, et al.; “A history of optogenetics: the development of tools for controlling brain circuits with light”; F1000 Biology Reports; vol. 3, No. 11, 12 pages (May 3, 2011). |
Knox, et al.; “Heterologous Expression of Limulus Rhodopsin”; The Journal of Biological Chemistry; vol. 278, No. 42, pp. 40493-40502 (Oct. 17, 2003). |
Lin, et al.; “Characterization of Engineered Channelrhodopsin Variants with Improved Properties and Kinetics”; Biophysical Journal; vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 1803-1814 (Mar. 2009). |
Gerits, et al.; “Optogenetically Induced Behavioral and Functional Network Changes in Primates”; Current Biology; vol. 22, pp. 1722-1726 (Sep. 25, 2012). |
Han, et al.; “Optogenetics in the nonhuman primate”; Prog. Brain Res.; vol. 196, pp. 215-233 (2012). |
Friedman, et al.; “VTA Dopamine Neuron Bursting is Altered in an Animal Model of Depression and Corrected by Desipramine”; J. Mol. Neurosci.; vol. 34, pp. 201-209 (2008). |
Hackmann, et al.; “Static and time-resolved step-scan Fourier transform infrared investigations of the photoreaction of halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharaonis: consequences for models of the anion translocation mechanism”; Biophysical Journal; vol. 81, pp. 394-406 (Jul. 2001). |
Weiss, et al.; “Galanin: A Significant Role in Depression?”; Annals New York Academy of Sciences; vol. 863, No. 1, pp. 364-382 (1998). |
Winter, et al.; “Lesions of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the ventral tegmental area enhance depressive-like behavior in rats”; Behavioural Brain Research; vol. 184, pp. 133-141 (2007). |
Bibel, et al.; “Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into a defined neuronal lineage”; Nature Neuroscience; vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 1033-1009 (Sep. 2004). |
Daniel, et al.; “Stress Modulation of Opposing Circuits in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis”; Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews; vol. 41, pp. 103-125 (2016). |
Hammack, et al.; “The response of neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to serotonin Implications for anxiety”; Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry; vol. 33, pp. 1309-1320 (2009). |
Knopfel, et al.; “Remote control of cells”; Nature Nanotechnology; vol. 5, pp. 560-561 (Aug. 2010). |
Steimer; “The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors”; Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience; vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 231-249 (Sep. 2002). |
Stuber; “Dissecting the neural circuitry of addiction and psychiatric disease with optogenetics”; Neuropsychopharmacology; vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 341-342 (2010). |
Kugler, et al.; “Neuron-Specific Expression of Therapeutic Proteins: Evaluation of Different Cellular Promoters in Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors”; Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience; vol. 17, pp. 78-96 (2001). |
Masaki, et al.; “β2-Adrenergic Receptor Regulation of the Cardiac L-Type Ca2+ Channel Coexpressed in a Fibroblast Cell Line”; Receptor; vol. 5, pp. 219-231 (1996). |
Smith, et al.; “Proton binding sites involved in the activation of acid-sensing ion channel ASIC2a”; Neuroscience Letters; vol. 426, pp. 12-17 (2007). |
Duvarci, et al., “The bed Nucleaus of the Stria Terminalis Mediates inter-individual variations in anxiety and fear”, J. Neurosci., 29(33) 10357-10361 (2009). |
Matsuda “Bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST)” Benshi Seishin Igaku (Molecular Psychiatric Medicine), 2009, vol. 9 No. 3, p. 46-49. |
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2011, vol. 36 No. Suppl.1, p. S110 (Abstract No. 67). |
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2012, vol. 38 No. Suppl.1, p. S48 (Abstract No. 37.2). |
Walker et al. “Selective Participation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and CRF in Sustained Anxiety-like versus Phasic Fear-Like Responses,” Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Bio Psychiatry, 13: 33(8) 1291-1308 (2009). |
Erbguth et al. “Bimodal Activation of Different Neuron Classes with Spectrally Red-Shifted Channelrhodopsin Chimera C1V1 in Caenorhabditis elegans,” PLOS One, 2012, vol. 7 No. 10, pp. e46827/1-9. |
Li et al.; “Role of a Helix B Lysine Residue in the Photoactive Site in Channelrhodopsins,” Biophysical Journal, 2014, vol. 106, pp. 1607-1617. |
Prigge et al.: “Functional Studies of Volvox Channelrhodopsin Chimeras,” Biophysical Journal, 2010, vol. 98, No. 3, Suppl. 1, 3694 Poster, 1 page. |
Prigge et al.; Color-tuned Channelrhodopsins for Multiwavelength Optogenetics, J. Biol. Chem. 2012, vol. 287, No. 38, pp. 31804-31812. |
Tsunoda & Hegemann “Glu 87 of Channelrhodopsin-1 Causes pH-dependent Color Tuning and Fast Photocurrent Inactivation,” Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2009, vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 564-569. |
Belzung et al., “Optogenetics to study the circuits of fear- and depresssion-like behaviors: A critical analysis,” Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 2014, 122: 144-157. |
Bernstein & Boyden “Optogenetic tools for analyzing the neural circuits of behavior,” Trends Cogn Sci., 2011, 15(12): 592-600. |
Nargeot et al.; Molecular basis of the diversity of calcium channels in cardiovascular tissues European Heart Journal, 1997, Supplemental A, A15-A26. |
Ahmad, et al. “Heterplogous expression of bovine rhodopsin in Drosophila photoreceptor cells” Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006, 3722-3728. |
Clare “Targeting Ion Channels for Drug Discovery” Discov Med. 2010 vol. 9 No. 46 pp. 1-6. |
Clare “Functional Expression of Ion Channels in Mammalian Systems” Protein Science Encyclopedia A.R. Fersht (Ed.) 2008 pp. 79-109. |
Reeves et al., “Structure and function in rhodosin: A tetracycline-inducible system in stable mammalian cell lines for high-level expression of opsin mutants” PNAS, 2002 vol. 99 No. 21 pp. 13413-13418. |
Han, et al., “Millisecond-Timescale Optical Control of Neural Dynamics in the Nonhuman Primate Brain”; Neuron; vol. 62, pp. 191-198 (Apr. 30, 2009). |
Airan, et al.; “Integration of light-controlled neuronal firing and fast circuit imaging”; Current Opinion in Neurobiology; vol. 17, pp. 587-592 (2007). |
Cannon, et al.; “Endophenotypes in the Genetic Analyses of Mental Disorders”; Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.; vol. 2, pp. 267-290 (2006). |
Chinta, et al.; “Dopaminergic neurons”; The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology; vol. 37, pp. 942-946 (2005). |
Deonarain; “Ligand-targeted receptor-mediated vectors for gene delivery”; Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents; vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 53-69 (1998). |
Edelstein, et al.; “Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide 1989-2004—an overview”; The Journal of Gene Medicine; vol. 6, pp. 597-602 (2004). |
Grady, et al.; “Age-Related Reductions in Human Recognition Memory Due to Impaired Encoding”; Science; vol. 269, No. 5221, pp. 218-221 (Jul. 14, 1995). |
Johnson-Saliba, et al.; “Gene Therapy: Optimising DNA Delivery to the Nucleus”; Current Drug Targets; vol. 2, pp. 371-399 (2001). |
Palu, et al.; “In pursuit of new developments for gene therapy of human diseases”; Journal of Biotechnology; vol. 68, pp. 1-13 (1999). |
Petersen, et al.; “Functionally Independent Columns of Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex Revealed with Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging”; J. of Neuroscience; vol. 21, No. 21, pp. 8435-8446 (Nov. 1, 2011). |
Pfeifer, et al.; “Gene Therapy: Promises and Problems”; Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet.; vol. 2, pp. 177-211 (2001). |
Powell, et al.; “Schizophrenia-Relevant Behavioral Testing in Rodent Models: A Uniquely Human Disorder?”; Biol. Psychiatry; vol. 59, pp. 1198-1207 (2006). |
Shoji, et al.; “Current Status of Delivery Systems to Improve Target Efficacy of Oligonucleotides”; Current Pharmaceutical Design; vol. 10, pp. 785-796 (2004). |
Verma, et al.; “Gene therapy—promises, problems and prospects”; Nature; vol. 389, pp. 239-242 (Sep. 1997). |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20090118800 A1 | May 2009 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60984231 | Oct 2007 | US |