The present technology is directed generally to implanted pulse generators with reduced power consumption, obtained via signal strength/duration characteristics, and associated systems and methods. Particular embodiments use a strength/duration characteristics to improve the delivery of electrical stimulation for patient therapy, as the voltage available from an implanted power source decreases.
Neurological stimulators have been developed to treat pain, movement disorders, functional disorders, spasticity, cancer, cardiac disorders, and various other medical conditions. Implantable neurological stimulation systems generally have an implantable signal generator and one or more leads that deliver electrical pulses to neurological tissue or muscle tissue. For example, several neurological stimulation systems for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have cylindrical leads that include a lead body with a circular cross-sectional shape and one or more conductive rings (i.e., contacts) spaced apart from each other at the distal end of the lead body. The conductive rings operate as individual electrodes and, in many cases, the SCS leads are implanted percutaneously through a needle inserted into the epidural space, with or without the assistance of a stylet.
Once implanted, the signal generator applies electrical pulses to the electrodes, which in turn modify the function of the patient's nervous system, such as by altering the patient's responsiveness to sensory stimuli and/or altering the patient's motor-circuit output. In SCS therapy for the treatment of pain, the signal generator applies electrical pulses to the spinal cord via the electrodes. In conventional SCS therapy, electrical pulses are used to generate sensations (known as paresthesia) that mask or otherwise alter the patient's sensation of pain. For example, in many cases, patients report paresthesia as a tingling sensation that is perceived as less uncomfortable than the underlying pain sensation.
In contrast to traditional or conventional (i.e., paresthesia-based) SCS, a form of paresthesia-free SCS has been developed that uses therapy signal parameters that treat the patient's sensation of pain without generating paresthesia or otherwise using paresthesia to mask the patient's sensation of pain. One of several advantages of paresthesia-free SCS therapy systems is that they eliminate the need for uncomfortable paresthesias, which many patients find objectionable. However, a challenge with paresthesia-free SCS therapy systems is that the signal may be delivered at frequencies, amplitudes, and/or pulse widths that may use more power than conventional SCS systems. This in turn can deplete the battery of the implanted system at an accelerated rate. Accordingly, a follow-on challenge with providing spinal cord stimulation via an implanted pulse generator is that, in at least some cases, it may be difficult to maintain an effective signal as the charge available from the pulse generator battery decreases. One approach to the challenge in the context of conventional systems is to increase the frequency with which the pulse generator is charged, but this can be inconvenient for the patient. Another approach is to add signal conditioning hardware, for example, to boost the voltage provided by the battery as the battery discharges. A drawback with this approach is that it can be inefficient. Accordingly, there remains a need for effective and efficient therapy signal delivery, despite the decreasing voltage available from the battery or other power source of an implanted pulse generator during normal use.
The present technology is directed generally to delivering electrical signals (also referred to herein as “therapy signals”) at reduced available voltage levels in implanted patient therapy systems, such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems. For example, in one embodiment, the present technology includes reducing signal amplitude and increasing pulse width or duty cycle to maintain a target energy delivery rate. Because the technology can be employed in SCS systems that provide therapy (e.g., pain relief) without generating paresthesia, the patient can continue to receive effective therapy without sensing the amplitude change. Accordingly, the present technology can effectively increase the time between battery charging events, thus addressing potential instances in which paresthesia-free therapy might otherwise deplete the power available from an implanted battery faster than would a conventional, paresthesia-based device.
General aspects of the environments in which the disclosed technology operates are described below under heading 1.0 (“Overview”) with reference to
One example of a paresthesia-free SCS therapy system is a “high frequency” SCS system. High frequency SCS systems can inhibit, reduce, and/or eliminate pain via waveforms with high frequency elements or components (e.g., portions having high fundamental frequencies), generally with reduced or eliminated side effects. Such side effects can include unwanted paresthesia, unwanted motor stimulation or blocking, unwanted pain or discomfort, and/or interference with sensory functions other than the targeted pain. In a representative embodiment, a patient may receive high frequency therapeutic signals with at least a portion of the therapy signal at a frequency of from about 1.5 kHz to about 100 kHz, or from about 1.5 kHz to about 50 kHz, or from about 3 kHz to about 20 kHz, or from about 5 kHz to about 15 kHz, or at frequencies of about 8 kHz, 9 kHz, or 10 kHz. These frequencies are significantly higher than the frequencies associated with conventional “low frequency” SCS, which are generally below 1,200 Hz, and more commonly below 100 Hz. Accordingly, modulation at these and other representative frequencies (e.g., from about 1.5 kHz to about 100 kHz) is occasionally referred to herein as “high frequency stimulation,” “high frequency SCS,” and/or “high frequency modulation.” Further examples of paresthesia-free SCS systems are described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2009/0204173 and 2010/0274314, as well as U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/901,255, the respective disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In a representative embodiment, one signal delivery device may be implanted on one side of the spinal cord midline 189, and a second signal delivery device may be implanted on the other side of the spinal cord midline 189. For example, the first and second leads 111a, 111b shown in
The signal generator 101 can transmit signals (e.g., electrical signals) to the signal delivery elements 110 that up-regulate (e.g., excite) and/or down-regulate (e.g., block or suppress) target nerves. As used herein, and unless otherwise noted, the terms “modulate,” “modulation,” “stimulate,” and “stimulation” refer generally to signals that have either type of the foregoing effects on the target nerves. The signal generator 101 can include a machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable) medium containing instructions for generating and transmitting suitable therapy signals. The signal generator 101 and/or other elements of the system 100 can include one or more processor(s) 107, memory unit(s) 108, and/or input/output device(s) 112. Accordingly, the process of providing modulation signals, providing guidance information for positioning the signal delivery devices 110, and/or executing other associated functions can be performed by computer-executable instructions contained by, on or in computer-readable media located at the pulse generator 101 and/or other system components. Further, the pulse generator 101 and/or other system components may include dedicated hardware, firmware, and/or software for executing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, perform any one or more methods, processes, and/or sub-processes described herein; e.g., the methods, processes, and/or sub-processes described with reference to
The signal generator 101 can also receive and respond to an input signal received from one or more sources. The input signals can direct or influence the manner in which the therapy and/or process instructions are selected, executed, updated, and/or otherwise performed. The input signals can be received from one or more sensors (e.g., an input device 112 shown schematically in
In some embodiments, the signal generator 101 and/or signal delivery devices 110 can obtain power to generate the therapy signals from an external power source 103. In one embodiment, for example, the external power source 103 can by-pass an implanted signal generator and generate a therapy signal directly at the signal delivery devices 110 (or via signal relay components). The external power source 103 can transmit power to the implanted signal generator 101 and/or directly to the signal delivery devices 110 using electromagnetic induction (e.g., RF signals). For example, the external power source 103 can include an external coil 104 that communicates with a corresponding internal coil (not shown) within the implantable signal generator 101, signal delivery devices 110, and/or a power relay component (not shown). The external power source 103 can be portable for ease of use.
In another embodiment, the signal generator 101 can obtain the power to generate therapy signals from an internal power source, in addition to or in lieu of the external power source 103. For example, the implanted signal generator 101 can include a non-rechargeable battery or a rechargeable battery to provide such power. When the internal power source includes a rechargeable battery, the external power source 103 can be used to recharge the battery. The external power source 103 can in turn be recharged from a suitable power source (e.g., conventional wall power).
During at least some procedures, an external stimulator or trial modulator 105 can be coupled to the signal delivery elements 110 during an initial procedure, prior to implanting the signal generator 101. For example, a practitioner (e.g., a physician and/or a company representative) can use the trial modulator 105 to vary the modulation parameters provided to the signal delivery elements 110 in real time, and select optimal or particularly efficacious parameters. These parameters can include the location from which the electrical signals are emitted, as well as the characteristics of the electrical signals provided to the signal delivery devices 110. In some embodiments, input is collected via the external stimulator or trial modulator and can be used by the clinician to help determine what parameters to vary. In a typical process, the practitioner uses a cable assembly 120 to temporarily connect the trial modulator 105 to the signal delivery device 110. The practitioner can test the efficacy of the signal delivery devices 110 in an initial position. The practitioner can then disconnect the cable assembly 120 (e.g., at a connector 122), reposition the signal delivery devices 110, and reapply the electrical signals. This process can be performed iteratively until the practitioner obtains the desired position for the signal delivery devices 110. Optionally, the practitioner may move the partially implanted signal delivery devices 110 without disconnecting the cable assembly 120. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the iterative process of repositioning the signal delivery devices 110 and/or varying the therapy parameters may not be performed.
The signal generator 101, the lead extension 102, the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122 can each include a receiving element 109. Accordingly, the receiving elements 109 can be patient implantable elements, or the receiving elements 109 can be integral with an external patient treatment element, device or component (e.g., the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122). The receiving elements 109 can be configured to facilitate a simple coupling and decoupling procedure between the signal delivery devices 110, the lead extension 102, the pulse generator 101, the trial modulator 105 and/or the connector 122. The receiving elements 109 can be at least generally similar in structure and function to those described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0071593, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
After the signal delivery elements 110 are implanted, the patient 190 can receive therapy via signals generated by the trial modulator 105, generally for a limited period of time. During this time, the patient wears the cable assembly 120 and the trial modulator 105 outside the body. Assuming the trial therapy is effective or shows the promise of being effective, the practitioner then replaces the trial modulator 105 with the implanted signal generator 101, and programs the signal generator 101 with therapy programs selected based on the experience gained during the trial period. Optionally, the practitioner can also replace the signal delivery elements 110. Once the implantable signal generator 101 has been positioned within the patient 190, the therapy programs provided by the signal generator 101 can still be updated remotely via a wireless physician's programmer (e.g., a physician's laptop, a physician's remote or remote device, etc.) 117 and/or a wireless patient programmer 106 (e.g., a patient's laptop, patient's remote or remote device, etc.). Generally, the patient 190 has control over fewer parameters than does the practitioner. For example, the capability of the patient programmer 106 may be limited to starting and/or stopping the signal generator 101, and/or adjusting the signal amplitude. The patient programmer 106 may be configured to accept pain relief input as well as other variables, such as medication use.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the parameters in accordance with which the signal generator 101 provides signals can be adjusted during portions of the therapy regimen. For example, the frequency, amplitude, pulse width, and/or signal delivery location can be adjusted in accordance with a pre-set therapy program, patient and/or physician inputs, and/or in a random or pseudorandom manner. Such parameter variations can be used to address a number of potential clinical situations. Certain aspects of the foregoing systems and methods may be simplified or eliminated in particular embodiments of the present disclosure. Further aspects of these and other expected beneficial results are detailed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0274317; 2010/0274314; 2009/0204173; and 2013/0066411, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The spinal cord 191 is situated within a vertebral foramen 188, between a ventrally located ventral body 196 and a dorsally located transverse process 198 and spinous process 197. Arrows V and D identify the ventral and dorsal directions, respectively. The spinal cord 191 itself is located within the dura mater 199, which also surrounds portions of the nerves exiting the spinal cord 191, including the ventral roots 192, dorsal roots 193 and dorsal root ganglia 194. The dorsal roots 193 enter the spinal cord 191 at the dorsal root entry zone 187, and communicate with dorsal horn neurons located at the dorsal horn 186. In one embodiment, the first and second leads 111a, 111b are positioned just off the spinal cord midline 189 (e.g., about 1 mm. offset) in opposing lateral directions so that the two leads 111a, 111b are spaced apart from each other by about 2 mm, as discussed above. In other embodiments, a lead or pairs of leads can be positioned at other locations, e.g., toward the outer edge of the dorsal root entry zone 187 as shown by a third lead 111c, or at the dorsal root ganglia 194, as shown by a fourth lead 111d, or approximately at the spinal cord midline 189, as shown by a fifth lead 111e.
As discussed above, systems of the type described with reference to
As is also shown in
In block 406, the process includes identifying the values (e.g., numerical values) for one or more patient-specific pulse width/amplitude pairs or coordinates. For example, referring to
In another embodiment, an individual patient may have a plurality of points associated with him or her, e.g., first-sixth points 310a-310f. In this particular instance, four of the six points (points 310b, 310d, 310e, 310f) fall on the second curve 302b, which can be a sufficient indication that the particular patient's patient-specific curve is the second curve 302b.
In still further embodiments, different points can correspond to a different parameter for the same individual patient. For example, the first point 310a (and the associated first curve 302a) can correspond to a level of paresthesia-free therapy at a particular vertebral level. The second point 310b (and the associated second curve 302b) can correspond to a stimulation threshold, for example, the threshold at which the patient first feels paresthesia or another sensation. The third point 310c (and the associated third curve 302c) can correspond to the threshold at which a signal applied to the patient produces an evoked potential. The evoked potential can be physically measured, thus indicating at which amplitude and pulse width the patient's neurons generate an action potential in response to a stimulus at the amplitude/pulse width coordinates of the third point 310c. Methods for establishing which of the curves shown in
Returning to
The correction factor can be based on any of a number of suitable parameters. For example, a representative correction factor can include reducing the reported amplitude to account for the expected amplitude difference between a signal that produces paresthesia and a signal that can produce therapy (e.g., pain relief) without paresthesia. If the pulse width used to generate paresthesia is different than the expected therapeutic pulse width, the correction factor can also account for that difference. In any of these embodiments, the correction factor can be patient-specific, or it can be determined from a pool of patient data. The correction factor can be determined empirically through patient testing, or it can be estimated and/or calculated, depending upon the particular embodiment. If such a correction factor is to be applied, it is applied in block 428.
The process then proceeds to block 426 where the coordinate or coordinates, with or without a correction factor, are used to identify the patient-specific curve on the map established at block 404. For example, with reference again to
As noted above, block 408 includes identifying the patient-specific curve (or other correlation) in conjunction with a paresthesia threshold identified by the patient. Other techniques can be used to establish which correlation is best suited to an individual patient. For example, block 410 includes identifying the patient-specific correlation based on the threshold at which the patient receives or experiences paresthesia-free pain relief. In this process, the amplitude and pulse width are selected (blocks 430 and 432) and the signal is administered to the patient (block 434). Instead of identifying whether or not the patient has paresthesia, as discussed above with reference to block 419, block 436 can include determining whether the patient has received therapy (e.g., pain relief) without paresthesia. If not, the amplitude is increased in block 437 and the signal is re-administered to the patient. If therapy without paresthesia is obtained, block 438 includes determining whether to obtain an additional coordinate pair. If not, the process proceeds to block 424 to determine whether a correction factor is to be applied and, with or without the correction factor, block 426 includes identifying the patient-specific curve or correlation using the map established in block 404.
In at least some embodiments, it is expected that it may take some time for the patient to detect and report the paresthesia-free therapy (e.g., pain relief). In such instances, it may be more efficient to use the paresthesia threshold technique described above with reference to blocks 408-422 (e.g., with a correction factor applied), or to use other techniques that can more rapidly identify the amplitude/pulse width coordinates. One such technique includes identifying the patient-specific curve or correlation via an evoked potential (block 412). This process also includes selecting an amplitude (block 440), selecting a pulse width (block 442), and applying a therapy signal with the selected amplitude and pulse width (block 444). In block 446, the process includes checking for an evoked potential (e.g., a physiological electrical response to a stimulation signal at the selected amplitude and pulse width). If no evoked potential is measured, then in block 447 the amplitude is increased and the signal is re-administered to the patient in block 444. If an evoked potential is measured, then block 448 includes determining whether or not to obtain an additional amplitude/pulse width coordinate pair. The process then proceeds to block 424 (determining whether or not to apply a correction factor) and to block 426 to identify the patient-specific correlation or curve on the map established in block 404.
The result of any of the foregoing embodiments described above with reference
In block 510, one or more pulses are delivered at the requested amplitude, with the initial pulse width and the initial frequency. As the pulses are delivered, the voltage across the therapy circuit is measured or otherwise determined (block 512). For example, if the signal is delivered to a bipole (two electrodes), the voltage across the bipole is measured. In block 514, the voltage required to deliver a consistent therapy signal at the requested amplitude, and with the initial pulse width and frequency, is determined. This process can include adding a margin (e.g., a loss margin and/or an impedance variation margin) to the therapy circuit voltage measured at block 512. Typical margins range from 100 mV to 1.5V. Accordingly, block 514 can account for one or more system losses, variations, and/or measurement inaccuracies. In block 516, the available voltage is measured. The available voltage can be determined (e.g., measured) at the battery or at any other suitable point (e.g., downstream point) at which the voltage is at least correlated with the available battery voltage. In block 518, the required voltage is compared to the available voltage. If the required voltage does not exceed the available voltage, then the requested therapy signal is delivered at block 520. If the required voltage exceeds the available voltage, then the process continues at block 522.
In block 522, the process includes determining the circuit impedance (e.g., the impedance of the circuit that provides therapy to the patient, including the signal delivery electrodes and the patient's own tissue). The impedance can be obtained using voltage/current/impedance relationships (e.g., V=IR) based on the requested current amplitude (from block 504) and the measured therapy circuit voltage (from block 512). In block 524, the process includes calculating an updated current amplitude based on the available voltage and circuit impedance. Blocks 522 and 524 are typically implemented for a current-based system, e.g., a system with a current source connected between the battery or other power source and the electrodes. Accordingly, these blocks may be skipped or deleted in a voltage-amplitude-based system.
Blocks 526 and 528 are discussed below with reference to
Block 528 determines, if necessary, an updated frequency. For example, if the updated pulse width is significantly greater than the initial pulse width, then the frequency may need to be decreased to account for the change. Alternatively, if an interpulse interval (e.g., the time period between adjacent pulses) is long enough to allow for an increase in pulse width without requiring a decrease in frequency, then the frequency can remain the same. In either case, a therapy signal with the updated amplitude, the updated pulse width, and the initial (or updated) frequency is then delivered at block 520.
The foregoing processes can be invoked, as needed, during the normal course of therapy. For example, the process described above with reference to
One feature of at least some of the foregoing embodiments is that they can include using an established relationship between amplitude and pulse width (or duty cycle) to produce therapeutic results even when the voltage of the battery providing power for the electrical signal is reduced. An advantage of this arrangement is that it can eliminate the need for a boost circuit to deliver therapy, except as may be needed to identify the therapy delivery parameters. A corresponding advantage of this feature is that, because boost circuits can be inefficient, the amount of power lost as a result of delivering a therapy signal with a reduced battery output voltage can be reduced. Accordingly, the battery can last longer and can increase the time between battery charging events.
Another feature of at least some of the foregoing embodiments described above is that they may have particular applicability to therapies that do not produce paresthesia or other sensations in the patient. In particular, therapies that produce (and more generally rely on) paresthesia or other sensations may have those paresthesias or sensations change in nature, strength, and/or duration if the amplitude is shifted in the manner described above. Because it is expected that the amplitude for paresthesia-free therapy may be shifted without being sensed or detected by the patient, the foregoing process may be particularly beneficial in the context of therapies that do not produce paresthesia.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the presently disclosed technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the disclosed technology. For example, embodiments described above in the context of pulse width as a function of amplitude can apply as well for duty cycle as a function of amplitude. While the foregoing embodiments were described in the context of battery voltage and an associated current amplitude produced by an intermediate current source, in other embodiments, the technique can be applied in a voltage-amplitude-based system. In such embodiments, the amplitude axis of the curves shown in
In particular embodiments, representative current amplitudes for the therapy signal are from 0.1 mA to 20 mA, or 0.5 mA to 10 mA, or 0.5 mA to 7 mA, or 0.5 mA to 5 mA. Representative pulse widths range from about 10 microseconds to about 333 microseconds, about 10 microseconds to about 166 microseconds, 20 microseconds to about 100 microseconds, 30 microseconds to about 100 microseconds, and 30 microseconds to about 40 microseconds. Duty cycles can range from about 10% to about 100%, and in a particular duty cycle, signals are delivered for 20 seconds and interrupted for 2 minutes (an approximate 14% duty cycle). In other embodiments, these parameters can have other suitable values. For example, in at least some embodiments, the foregoing systems and methods may be applied to therapies that have frequencies outside the ranges discussed above (e.g., 1.5 kHz-100 kHz) but which also do not produce paresthesia. Representative therapies include therapies having relatively narrow pulse widths, as disclosed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/901,255, filed Nov. 7, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference. Representative pulse widths (which can be delivered at frequencies above or below 1.5 kHz, depending upon the embodiment) include pulse widths from 10-50 microseconds, 20-40 microseconds, 25-35 microseconds, 30-35 microseconds, and 30 microseconds.
In still further embodiments, techniques generally similar to those described above may be applied to therapies that are directed to tissues other than the spinal cord. Representative tissues can include peripheral nerve tissue and/or brain tissue. In such contexts, the strength/duration relationships discussed above can be the same as or different than the relationships for spinal cord neurons, depending on the embodiment. The mechanism of action by which pain relief is obtained in any of the foregoing embodiments may include, but is not limited to, those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/833,392, filed Jun. 10, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
In other embodiments, other methodologies may be used to provide pain therapy to the patient, and in some instances, such methodologies may provide paresthesia-free pain relief. Representative methods asserted to provide paresthesia-free pain relief are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,224,453 to De Ridder and U.S. Pat. No. 8,380,318 to Kishawi et al. De Ridder discloses the use of “burst” stimulation (e.g., bursts of spikes at a frequency of up to 1,000 Hz, with a 0.1-1.0 millisecond interval between spikes, and a quiescent period of 1 millisecond to about 5 seconds between bursts) applied to the spinal cord. Kishawi et al. discloses applying a signal to the dorsal root ganglion at a frequency of less than 25 Hz, a pulse width of less than 120 microseconds and an amplitude of less than 500 microamps.
In several embodiments described above, a patient-specific relationship includes determining the amplitude and pulse width based on patient-specific testing. In other embodiments, where applicable, data from a pool of patients (e.g., patients with the same pain indication and/or other attributes) can be applied to a similarly situated patient without the need for a patient-specific test. Several embodiments were described above in the context of a battery (e.g., a lithium ion battery), and in other embodiments, the technology is applicable to other rechargeable power sources, e.g., capacitors.
Certain aspects of the technology described in the context of particular embodiments may be combined or eliminated in other embodiments. For example, selected process steps may be combined in some embodiments, and skipped in others. In particular embodiments, specific values described above (e.g., battery voltage, signal amplitude and the like) may be replaced by correlates of these values for data handling or other purposes. Certain of the processes described above may be carried out in an automated or semi-automated manner using the implanted signal generator 101 described above with reference to
In one embodiment, there is provide a method for treating a patient, comprising: receiving an input corresponding to an available voltage for an implanted medical device; identifying a signal delivery parameter value of an electrical signal based on a correlation between values of the signal delivery parameter and signal delivery amplitudes, wherein the signal delivery parameter includes at least one of pulse width or duty cycle; and delivering an electrical therapy signal to the patient at the identified signal delivery parameter value using a voltage within a margin of the available voltage. The signal delivery parameter may be pulse width and/or duty cycle. The available voltage may be an output voltage of a battery that provides power for the electrical therapy signal. The method may further comprise: receiving at least one input corresponding to a target therapy amplitude and a target pulse width; determining that the available voltage is insufficient to supply a therapy signal at the target therapy amplitude and the target pulse width; identifying an updated therapy amplitude less than the target therapy amplitude; based at least in part on the updated therapy amplitude and the correlation, identifying an updated pulse width greater than the target pulse width; and delivering the electrical therapy signal to the patient at the updated therapy amplitude and the updated pulse width. The correlation may be patient-specific correlation, and wherein the method may further comprise establishing the correlation. Establishing the correlation may include establishing the correlation by producing paresthesia in the patient, and wherein delivering the electrical therapy signal does not produce paresthesia in the patient.
In another embodiment, there is provided a method for treating pain in a patient, comprising: establishing a patient-specific correlation between amplitudes and pulse widths by identifying at least one pulse width/amplitude pair that produces a detectable result in the patient; receiving at least one input corresponding to a target therapy amplitude, pulse width and frequency; determining an available voltage of a battery-powered implanted medical device; determining whether the available voltage is sufficient to direct a therapy signal to the patient at the target therapy amplitude, pulse width and frequency; and if the available voltage is not sufficient: determining an updated therapy amplitude and, based on the patient-specific correlation, an updated pulse width; and delivering an electrical therapy signal to the patient at the updated therapy amplitude and the updated pulse width; and if the available voltage is sufficient: delivering an electrical therapy signal to the patient at the target amplitude and pulse width. The detectable result may be a non-therapeutic result, and wherein the method may further comprise applying a correction factor to the patient-specific correlation to account for an expected difference between the non-therapeutic result and a target therapeutic result. The non-therapeutic result may include producing paresthesia in the patient and wherein the target therapeutic result may include producing pain relief without paresthesia in the patient. The method may further comprise determining if the updated pulse width can be delivered at the target frequency; and if the updated pulse width cannot be delivered at the target frequency, updating the target frequency. Establishing the patient-specific correlation may include using the at least one pulse width/amplitude pair to determine which of a plurality of pulse width/amplitude correlations applies to the patient. At least one pulse width/amplitude pair may be one of multiple pulse width/amplitude pairs used to determine which of the plurality of pulse width/amplitude correlations applies to the patient. Establishing the patient-specific correlation may include using data from other patients. Identifying the at least one pulse width/amplitude pair may be based at least in part on producing paresthesia in the patient with a signal having the pulse width and amplitude of the at least one pulse width/amplitude pair. Identifying the at least one pulse width/amplitude pair may be based at least in part on producing pain relief without producing paresthesia in the patient, with a signal having the pulse width and amplitude of the at least one pulse width/amplitude pair. Identifying the at least one pulse width/amplitude pair may be based at least in part on producing an evoked potential in the patient with a signal having the pulse width and amplitude of the at least one pulse width/amplitude pair. Determining the updated therapy amplitude may be based at least in part on the available voltage and on an impedance of a circuit via which the electrical therapy signal is delivered. The method may further comprise determining the impedance by: delivering an electrical therapy signal at the target amplitude and pulse width; determining a voltage across the circuit; and determining the impedance based on the target amplitude and the voltage across the circuit.
In another embodiment, there is provided a method of treating a patient by programming an implantable/external pulse generator to perform any one or more of the herein described methods, process, and/or sub-processes. In still another embodiment, there is provided a system for treating a patient comprising means for performing any one or more of the herein described methods, process, and/or sub-processes.
In another embodiment, there is provided a patient therapy system, comprising: (a) a pulse generator programmed with instructions for delivering an electrical therapy signal to a patient; (b) a processor operatively coupled to the pulse generator and programmed with instructions that, when executed: receive an input corresponding to an available voltage for the pulse generator; identify a signal delivery parameter value of an electrical signal based on a correlation between values of the signal delivery parameter and signal delivery amplitudes, wherein the signal delivery parameter includes at least one of pulse width or duty cycle; and direct the pulse generator to deliver an electrical therapy signal at the identified signal delivery parameter value using a voltage within a margin of the available voltage. The system may further comprise a signal delivery element coupled to the pulse generator to deliver the electrical therapy signal to a patient. The processor and the pulse generator may be housed in a patient-implantable device. The pulse generator may be housed in a patient-implantable device, and the processor may be housed in an external device. The system may further comprise a computer-readable medium coupled to the processor, and wherein the instructions are carried by the computer-readable medium. The pulse generator may be programmed with instructions for delivering the electrical therapy signal at a frequency of from 1.5 kHz to 100 kHz (or any range of the above-described frequencies). The pulse generator may be programmed with instructions for delivering the electrical therapy signal at a pulse width of from 10 microseconds to 333 microseconds (or any range of the above-described pulse widths). The processor may be programmed with instructions that, when executed: receive at least one input corresponding to a target therapy amplitude and a target pulse width; determine that the available voltage is insufficient to supply a therapy signal at the target therapy amplitude and the target pulse width; identify an updated therapy amplitude less than the target therapy amplitude; based at least in part on the updated therapy amplitude and the correlation, identify an updated pulse width greater than the target pulse width; and deliver the electrical therapy signal to the patient at the updated therapy amplitude and the updated pulse width.
In yet another embodiment, there is provide a patient therapy system, comprising: (a) an implantable housing; (b) a pulse generator carried within the housing and programmed with instructions for delivering an electrical therapy signal to a patient; (c) an implantable signal delivery element coupled to the pulse generator; (d) a battery carried within the housing and coupled to the pulse generator to provide power for the electrical therapy signal; and (e) a processor carried within the housing and operatively coupled to the pulse generator, the processor being programmed with instructions that, when executed: receive an input corresponding to an available voltage from the battery; identify a pulse width of an electrical signal based on a correlation between pulse widths and signal delivery amplitudes; and direct the pulse generator to deliver an electrical therapy signal at the identified pulse width value using a voltage within a margin of the available voltage. The processor may be programmed with instructions that, when executed: receive at least one input corresponding to a target current amplitude and a target pulse width; determine that the available voltage is insufficient to supply a therapy signal at the target current amplitude and the target pulse width; determine an impedance of a circuit via which the electrical therapy signal is delivered, the circuit including the patient; based at least in part on the impedance and the available voltage, determine an updated current amplitude less than the target current amplitude; based on the updated current amplitude and the correlation, identify an updated pulse width greater than the target pulse width. The pulse generator may be programmed with instructions for delivering the electrical therapy signal at a frequency of from 1.5 kHz to 100 kHz (or any of the above-described frequencies). The pulse generator may be programmed with instructions for delivering the electrical therapy signal at a pulse width of from 10 microseconds to 333 microseconds (or any of the above-described pulse widths).
While advantages associated with certain embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, and not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such advantages to fall within the scope of the present technology. The following examples provide additional embodiments of the present technology.
To the extent the any of the foregoing patents, published applications, and/or any other materials incorporated herein by reference conflict with the present disclosure, the present disclosure controls.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/183,456, filed Nov. 7, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/227,821, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,176,062, file Aug. 3, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/710,375, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,409,020, filed May 12, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 62/000,985, filed on May 20, 2014, each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3774618 | Avery | Nov 1973 | A |
3871382 | Mann | Mar 1975 | A |
4014347 | Halleck et al. | Mar 1977 | A |
4071032 | Schulman | Jan 1978 | A |
4072154 | Anderson | Feb 1978 | A |
4082097 | Mann et al. | Apr 1978 | A |
4197850 | Schulman et al. | Apr 1980 | A |
4230121 | Stanton | Oct 1980 | A |
4441498 | Nordling | Apr 1984 | A |
4479489 | Tucci | Oct 1984 | A |
4556063 | Thompson | Dec 1985 | A |
4632117 | James | Dec 1986 | A |
4636706 | Bowman et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
4642479 | Lombardi | Feb 1987 | A |
4890616 | Pinckaers | Jan 1990 | A |
5042486 | Pfeiler et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
5052375 | Stark et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
5065083 | Owens | Nov 1991 | A |
5078140 | Kwoh | Jan 1992 | A |
5144946 | Weinberg et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5211165 | Dumoulin et al. | May 1993 | A |
5257636 | White | Nov 1993 | A |
5279292 | Baumann et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
5325873 | Hirsch et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5375596 | Twiss et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
5425367 | Shapiro et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
5591212 | Keimel | Jan 1997 | A |
5643330 | Holsheimer et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5679026 | Fain et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
5727553 | Saad | Mar 1998 | A |
5733313 | Barreras, Sr. et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
5755743 | Volvz et al. | May 1998 | A |
5782880 | Lahtinen | Jul 1998 | A |
5807397 | Barreras | Sep 1998 | A |
5871487 | Warner et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5893883 | Torgerson | Apr 1999 | A |
5916237 | Schu | Jun 1999 | A |
5929615 | D'Angelo | Jul 1999 | A |
5983141 | Sluijter et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6076018 | Sturman et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6115634 | Donders et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6167303 | Thompson | Dec 2000 | A |
6185452 | Schulman et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6185454 | Thompson | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6192278 | Werner et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6198963 | Haim et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6223080 | Thompson | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6236888 | Thompson | May 2001 | B1 |
6323603 | Persson | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6324426 | Thompson | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6387332 | Dickinson | May 2002 | B1 |
6434425 | Thompson | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6438418 | Swerdlow et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6440090 | Schallhorn | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6453198 | Torgerson et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6472991 | Schulman et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6474341 | Hunter et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6496729 | Thompson | Dec 2002 | B2 |
6516227 | Meadows et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6553263 | Meadows et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6650943 | Whitehurst et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6712772 | Cohen et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6757561 | Rubin et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6812708 | Bristol | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6862480 | Cohen et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6871090 | He et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6871099 | Whitehurst et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6875571 | Crabtree et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6909915 | Greatbatch | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6950707 | Whitehurst | Sep 2005 | B2 |
7020523 | Lu et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
7027860 | Bruninga et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7054689 | Whitehurst et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
7082333 | Bauhahn et al. | Jul 2006 | B1 |
7120499 | Thrope et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7127288 | Sturman et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7142923 | North et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7167749 | Biggs et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7167756 | Torgerson et al. | Jan 2007 | B1 |
7177690 | Woods | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7177703 | Boveja et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7180760 | Varrichio et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7184836 | Meadows et al. | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7206642 | Pardo et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7209792 | Parramon et al. | Apr 2007 | B1 |
7212867 | Van Venrooij et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7236834 | Christopherson et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7241283 | Putz | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7244150 | Brase et al. | Jul 2007 | B1 |
7254449 | Karunasiri | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7266412 | Stypulkowski | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7313440 | Miesel | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7329262 | Gill | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7337010 | Howard et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7381441 | Leung et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7425142 | Putz | Sep 2008 | B1 |
7437193 | Parramon et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
7489968 | Alexander et al. | Feb 2009 | B1 |
7571002 | Thrope et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7606622 | Reeve | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7616990 | Chavan et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7636602 | Baru Fassio et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7641992 | Howard et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7650191 | Lim et al. | Jan 2010 | B1 |
7682745 | Howard et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7697984 | Hill et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7702379 | Avinash et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7769462 | Meadows et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7801615 | Meadows et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7805189 | Stein | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7818068 | Meadows et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7826901 | Lee et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7848812 | Crowley et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7856277 | Thacker et al. | Dec 2010 | B1 |
7865245 | Torgerson et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7879495 | Howard et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7894905 | Pless et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7941220 | Tobacman | May 2011 | B2 |
7957809 | Bourget et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7991483 | Atanasoska | Aug 2011 | B1 |
7996055 | Hauck et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8016776 | Bourget et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8128600 | Gill | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8131357 | Bradley et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8150521 | Crowley | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8170675 | Alataris et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8180445 | Moffitt | May 2012 | B1 |
8190259 | Smith et al. | May 2012 | B1 |
8197494 | Jaggi et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8209021 | Alataris et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8209028 | Skelton et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8224453 | De Ridder | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8355791 | Moffitt | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8355797 | Caparso et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8380318 | Kishawi et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8423147 | Alataris et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8428748 | Alataris et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8527062 | Dai et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8571679 | Parramon et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8583954 | Dinsmoor | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8712534 | Wei | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8929986 | Parker | Jan 2015 | B2 |
8965514 | Bikson et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
9013938 | Moscaluk et al. | Apr 2015 | B1 |
9061152 | Shi et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
9192769 | Donofrio et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
9227076 | Sharma et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9248293 | Walker et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
9409020 | Parker et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9466997 | Silva | Oct 2016 | B2 |
9533164 | Erickson | Jan 2017 | B2 |
9700724 | Liu et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
9764147 | Togerson | Sep 2017 | B2 |
10173062 | Parker | Jan 2019 | B2 |
10207109 | Zhu et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
10420935 | Illegems | Sep 2019 | B2 |
10493275 | Alataris et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
10537740 | Cabunaru | Jan 2020 | B2 |
10881857 | Parker | Jan 2021 | B2 |
10946204 | Sharma | Mar 2021 | B2 |
11235153 | Kibler et al. | Feb 2022 | B2 |
20020035385 | Deziz | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020068956 | Bloemer et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020107554 | Biggs et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020193844 | Michelson et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030107349 | Haydock et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030110058 | Adie | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030114899 | Woods et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030135241 | Leonard et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030191504 | Meadows et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030195581 | Meadows et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030199952 | Stolz et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030204221 | Rodriguez et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030204222 | Leinders et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030208244 | Stein et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20040034393 | Hansen et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040098060 | Ternes | May 2004 | A1 |
20040176812 | Knudson et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040186544 | King | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040199214 | Merfeld et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040210290 | Omar-Pasha | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040215287 | Swoyer et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040225333 | Greatbatch | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20050004417 | Nelson et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050004638 | Cross | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050025480 | Yeh | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050038489 | Grill | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050049664 | Harris et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050075695 | Schommer et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050131483 | Zhao | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050143787 | Boveja et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050174098 | Watanabe | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050178372 | Kesler et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050203583 | Twetan et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050203584 | Twetan et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050218726 | Jenson | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050266301 | Smith et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050267546 | Parramon et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060004422 | De Ridder | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060089697 | Cross et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060122655 | Greatbatch et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060190060 | Greeninger | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060224208 | Naviaux | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20070060955 | Strother et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070060968 | Strother et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070060980 | Strother et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070066995 | Strother et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070093875 | Chavan et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070111587 | Ries et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070129768 | He | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070142728 | Penner | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070142874 | John | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070162088 | Chen et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070210759 | Sano | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070265489 | Fowler et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070270916 | Fischell et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20080015644 | Julian | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080039904 | Bulkes et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080058901 | Ternes et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080065182 | Strother et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080077184 | Denker et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080097554 | Payne et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080125833 | Bradley et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080129225 | Yamamoto et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080132926 | Eichmann et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080140153 | Burdulis | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080156333 | Galpern et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080216846 | Levin | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080243210 | Doron | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080255631 | Sjostedt et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080262563 | Sjostedt | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080294219 | Osypka et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080319441 | Seid | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090012576 | Erbstoeszer et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090017700 | Zart et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090018600 | Deininger et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090018607 | Crowley et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090048643 | Erickson | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090132010 | Kronberg | May 2009 | A1 |
20090157138 | Errico et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090157142 | Cauller | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090204119 | Bleich et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090204173 | Fang | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090210029 | Tsui | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090228074 | Edgell et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090248094 | McDonald | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090248118 | Bradley et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090270948 | Nghiem et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090281596 | King | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090281599 | Thacker et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090287946 | Lin | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20100004654 | Schmitz et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100010567 | Deem et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100038132 | Kinney et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100049275 | Chavan et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100094115 | Pond, Jr. et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100094231 | Bleich et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100106223 | Grevious et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100137943 | Zhu | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100137944 | Zhu | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100144281 | Kim et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100144283 | Curcio et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100168818 | Barror et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100233896 | Dilmaghanian | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100274312 | Alataris | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100274314 | Alataris et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100274317 | Parker et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100305631 | Bradley et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100305663 | Aghassian | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100324570 | Rooney et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100331920 | DiGiore et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110054583 | Litt et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110060282 | Dogwiler et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110071589 | Starkebaum et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110112601 | Meadows et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110112609 | Peterson | May 2011 | A1 |
20110112610 | Rahman et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110118661 | Pless et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110144468 | Boggs et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110160804 | Penner | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110184488 | De Ridder | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110224710 | Bleich | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110245708 | Finkel et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110270363 | Schramm | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110301679 | Rezai | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120066534 | Dinsmoor | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120095744 | Rahman et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120101551 | Aghassian et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120239108 | Foutz | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120253440 | Grohmann | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20120315798 | Poon et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130035740 | Sharma et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130066399 | Min | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130066411 | Thacker et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130238048 | Almendinger et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130282078 | Wacnik | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20140180361 | Burdick et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140067016 | Kaula | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140081350 | Zhu | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140121787 | Yamazaki | May 2014 | A1 |
20140217291 | Deutscher | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140277268 | Lee | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140343622 | Alataris | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140343623 | Alves et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20150005842 | Lee | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150039047 | Parker | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150039048 | Woods | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150088227 | Shishilla et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150151125 | Zhu | Jun 2015 | A1 |
20150165209 | Grandhe | Jun 2015 | A1 |
20150321000 | Rosenbluth | Nov 2015 | A1 |
20160114171 | Parker | Apr 2016 | A1 |
20160124455 | Sambucco et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
20160158551 | Kent | Jun 2016 | A1 |
20160175586 | Edgerton et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
20160256696 | Sharma et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20160271392 | Vallejo et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20170189686 | Steinke et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
20170202607 | Shelton | Jul 2017 | A1 |
20180256892 | Wong | Sep 2018 | A1 |
20180345022 | Steinke et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
20190022382 | Gerasimenko et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
20190232064 | Parker | Aug 2019 | A1 |
20190341803 | Cook | Nov 2019 | A1 |
20210335285 | Liu | Oct 2021 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
0754437 | Jan 1997 | EP |
1610437 | Dec 2005 | EP |
2243510 | Oct 2010 | EP |
2586491 | Aug 2016 | EP |
2002090196 | Mar 2002 | JP |
WO-20080121110 | Oct 2008 | WO |
WO-2011094074 | Aug 2011 | WO |
WO-2012054234 | Apr 2012 | WO |
WO-2020236946 | Nov 2020 | WO |
Entry |
---|
North et al., “Spinal Cord Stimulation for Axial Low Back Pain,” Spine, vol. 30, No. 12, 2005, 7 pages. |
North et al., “Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic, Intractable Pain: Experience over Two Decades,” Neurosurgery, vol. 32, No. 2, Mar. 1993, 12 pages. |
Kumar et al., “Spinal Cord Stimulation in Treatment of Chronic Benign Pain: Challenges in Treatment Planning and Present Status, a 22-Year Experience,” Neurosurgery, vol. 58, No. 3, Mar. 2006, 16 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Patent Application No. PCT/US2015/030402, Applicant: Nevro Corporation, dated Sep. 17, 2015, 8 pages. |
European Extended Search Report (EPSR) for European Patent Application No. 15795695.4, Applicant: Nevro Corporation, dated Sep. 26, 2017, 9 pages. |
European Extended Search Report for European Patent Application No. 20202407.1, Applicant: Nevro Corporation, dated Jul. 27, 2021, 10 pages. |
Cappaert et al., “Efficacy of a New Charge-Balanced Biphasic Electrical Stimulus in the Isolated Sciatic Nerve and the Hippocampal Slice,” International Journal of Neural Systems, vol. 23, No. 1, 2013, 16 pages. |
Hofmann et al., “Modified Pulse Shapes for Effective Neural Stimulation,” Frontiers in Neuroengineering, Sep. 28, 2011, 10 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20210220649 A1 | Jul 2021 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62000985 | May 2014 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 16183456 | Nov 2018 | US |
Child | 17114314 | US | |
Parent | 15227821 | Aug 2016 | US |
Child | 16183456 | US | |
Parent | 14710375 | May 2015 | US |
Child | 15227821 | US |