Patent Application
20160167261
The present disclosure relates to an imprinting apparatus, an imprinting method, and an article manufacturing method that detect a state of an imprint material on a substrate.
An imprinting technique is a technique that transfers a pattern formed in a mold to an imprint material supplied on a substrate. The imprinting technique is proposed as a technique for manufacturing semiconductor devices or magnetic storage media. An imprinting apparatus brings an imprint material (e.g., photo-curable resin) supplied on a substrate and a mold having a pattern into contact, and cures the imprint material while they are in contact with each other. By widening a space between the cured imprint material and the mold to separate the mold from the imprint material, the pattern can be formed in (or transferred to) the imprint material on the substrate.
In the imprinting technique, a contact state between the mold and the imprint material (or substrate) is known to determine the quality of the resulting pattern. Patent Literature 1 proposes a method in which, while a mold and an imprint material are in contact, spreading of droplets of the imprint material supplied on a substrate is observed to determine a contact state between the mold and the substrate.
PTL 1 PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2006-514428
When the imprinting apparatus forms a pattern on the substrate, the state of the imprint material changes in accordance with the pattern forming process, that is, from a state where the imprint material is supplied onto the substrate, to a state where the mold is pressed against the imprint material, and then to a state where a pattern of the imprint material is formed. Also, in another pattern forming process, the state of the imprint material changes differently depending on whether the substrate already has a pattern formed thereon. Therefore, in the method for determining the contact state described in Patent Literature 1, if the detection condition for detecting the state of the imprint material is fixed, the detection condition may become unsuitable when the state of the imprint material changes in the pattern forming process and, as a result, the state of the imprint material may not be accurately determined.
An imprinting apparatus of the present disclosure is one contacting an imprint material on a substrate with a mold, and forming a pattern of the imprint material on the substrate. The imprinting apparatus is characterized in that it includes a detector configured to irradiate the substrate with light, optically detect reflected light from the substrate to detect a state of the imprint material on the substrate, and switch a detection condition during an imprinting process.
Further features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail on the basis of the attached drawings. The same components are given the same reference numerals throughout the drawings, and redundant description will be omitted.
The imprinting apparatus IMP of the first embodiment is an apparatus that uses a photo-curing method in which the imprint material R is cured by light irradiation. Therefore, a photo-curable resin (ultraviolet curable resin) cured by being irradiated with light (ultraviolet light) is used as the imprint material R. The imprinting apparatus IMP includes a light source 8 that emits light (ultraviolet light 9).
The imprinting apparatus IMP further includes a mark detector 5 (alignment scope). The mark detector 5 detects an alignment mark (substrate-side mark 6) formed in a shot region on the substrate W, and an alignment mark (mold-side mark 7) formed on the mold M.
The imprinting apparatus IMP further includes a detector S that detects light (detection light) from at least one of the shot region and the pattern P by using light (e.g., visible light) having a wavelength different from that of light for curing the imprint material R. The imprinting apparatus IMP further includes an optical element 10 for separating light from the light source 8 and light incident on the detector S. In the imprinting apparatus IMP illustrated in
An imprinting process performed in the imprinting apparatus IMP will now be described.
The substrate W introduced into the imprinting apparatus IMP is held by the substrate holding unit 1. To supply (apply) the imprint material R onto the substrate W, the substrate stage 2 moves to bring the substrate W under the supply unit 11. The supply unit 11 ejects the imprint material R to supply the imprint material R onto the substrate W (S01: application step).
To bring the imprint material R supplied on the substrate W and the mold M into contact (i.e., to impress the mold M onto the imprint material R), the substrate stage 2 moves to bring the substrate W under the mold M. By narrowing the space between the substrate W and the mold M to bring the imprint material R and the mold M into contact with each other, the imprint material R is charged into the pattern P of the mold M (S02: impressing step).
The mold M has, on the opposite side of the pattern P, a recessed portion in a region larger than that of the pattern P. In the center of the mold holding unit 3, a portion which allows passage of the ultraviolet light 9 from the light source 8 is provided, and an enclosed space (cavity portion) is defined by the mold M and a seal glass member (not shown). A pressure controller (not shown) is connected to the enclosed space, so that pressure in the enclosed space can be controlled in the impressing step. The pressure controller is capable of raising pressure in the enclosed space to deform the mold M into a convex shape toward the substrate W. After the mold M and the imprint material R come into contact, the pressure controller lowers the pressure in the enclosed space to bring the pattern P of the mold M and the imprint material R into contact. By bringing the mold M and the imprint material R into contact while the mold M is being deformed in a convex shape, the imprinting apparatus IMP can reduce trapping of air bubbles between the substrate W and the mold M.
The calculating unit CAL of the controller CNT determines a relative positional gap between the substrate W and the mold M from the substrate-side mark 6 and the mold-side mark 7 detected by the mark detector 5. On the basis of the determined relative positional gap, the controller CNT controls the substrate stage 2 and the mold stage 4 to reduce the positional gap, so that the substrate W and the mold M are aligned with each other. The relative positional gap includes a shift component, a scaling factor, and a rotational component. The imprinting apparatus IMP is capable of correcting the shape of the pattern P (pattern region) of the mold M in accordance with the shot region formed on the substrate W (S03: alignment step). The alignment step may start either before, or in the middle of, the impressing step.
After alignment of the substrate W and the mold M, the imprint material R is cured by being irradiated with the ultraviolet light 9 from the light source 8 (S04: curing step).
Then, by separating the mold M from the cured imprint material R, a pattern is formed in the imprint material on the substrate W (S05: mold release step). By repeating the sequence of the steps of the imprinting process described above, a pattern can be formed in a plurality of shot regions on the substrate W.
In the imprinting apparatus IMP of the first embodiment, the detector S detects light from the substrate W in the imprinting process, so that a state of the imprint material R can be observed. Here, a contact state between the mold M and the imprint material R is observed by detecting the state of the imprint material. A description will now be given of how the detector S detects reflected light from the substrate W.
The detector S emits light for illuminating the substrate W. After illumination of the substrate W, the light is reflected off the surface of the substrate W and the pattern surface of the mold M, and the reflected light from the substrate W and the reflected light from the mold M are detected as detection light by the detector S. As described above, since the mold M is in a convex shape in the impressing step, the distance between the mold M and the substrate W continuously changes from a portion where the mold M and the imprint material R are in contact. Interference fringes (so-called Newton's rings) are thus detected by the detector S.
The illuminating unit 31 further includes a wavelength switching mechanism 37, a polarization switching mechanism 38, an illumination-mode switching mechanism 39, and an aperture stop 40. The aperture stop 40 is disposed in a pupil plane of the lens 36. The wavelength switching mechanism 37, the polarization switching mechanism 38, and the illumination-mode switching mechanism 39 are located between the light source 32 and the beam splitter 33, and are each disposed in, or in the vicinity of, a plane conjugate with the pupil plane of the lens 36. The wavelength switching mechanism 37, the polarization switching mechanism 38, and the illumination-mode switching mechanism 39 are each capable of switching a detection condition of the detector S, and adjusting an image detected by the image pickup element 35. Effects of these switching mechanisms will now be described.
The light source 32 for illumination according to the first embodiment is an emission lamp, such as a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, or a metal halide lamp, and emits light having a wide wavelength band. For observation of a contact state between the mold M and the imprint material R, the detector S detects interference fringes formed by reflected light from the mold M and the substrate W. In the case of 2d=mλ (m is a natural number), where d represents the distance between the mold M and the substrate W and λ represents the wavelength of illuminating light, reflected light from the mold M and reflected light from the substrate W reinforce each other to allow bright rings to be observed, whereas in the case of 2d=(m+1/2)λ, reflected light from the mold M and reflected light from the substrate W cancel each other to allow dark rings to be observed. When the mold M and the substrate W are illuminated with white light having a wide wavelength band, the pitches of observed interference fringes overlap each other with a slight displacement for each wavelength. Since this lowers the contrast of the interference fringes, it is desirable that the wavelength band of illuminating light be narrow.
Therefore, as shown in
Since the imprint material R is not spread out on the substrate W before contact between the mold M and the imprint material R (i.e., before the impressing step), the reflectivity of the substrate W can be determined by taking into account interference on only the substrate W and the base layer B. However, since the imprint material R is spread out on the substrate W after mold release between the mold M and the imprint material R, an interference state before the contact and that after the mold release are different, as in
The detector S of the first embodiment includes the wavelength switching mechanism 37 for selecting the wavelength of illuminating light as an irradiation condition. The wavelength switching mechanism 37 is formed by a band-pass filter, or a long-wavelength cut filter and a short-wavelength cut filter, mounted on a turret or slide mechanism (not shown). The wavelength switching mechanism 37 can select the wavelength of light from the light source 32 by switching the filter on the optical path of illuminating light. Thus, for the substrate W having various bases formed thereon, the detector S of the first embodiment can detect detection light under optimum conditions. Also, the detector S can detect detection light under optimum irradiation conditions both before the contact and after the mold release.
Although the light source 32 described in the first embodiment is a lamp that emits light having a wide band, the present disclosure is not limited by the type of light source. For example, the light source may be one that emits light having a narrow band, such as an LED. Instead of selecting the wavelength of illuminating light, the wavelength switching mechanism 37 may select, from a plurality of LEDs having different emission center wavelengths and arranged as a light source, an LED to be used for illumination so as to select the wavelength of illuminating light.
Although the illuminating light of the detector S is visible light in the first embodiment, any light can be used, as long as it is not light that cures the imprint material R. For example, the illuminating light of the detector S may be infrared light.
The base layer B formed on the substrate W may have a pattern formed therein. For example, the base layer B may have a line-and-space (L/S) pattern extending in one direction, and the pitch of the L/S pattern may be shorter than the wavelength of illuminating light emitted from the detector S. The effective refractive index of a pattern with structures smaller than the wavelength of the illuminating light varies depending on the refractive index of the structures, the pitch, line width, and depth of the structures, and the polarization direction of incident light.
To detect interference fringes formed by reflected light from the mold M and reflected light from the substrate W with high contrast, it is desirable to illuminate the substrate W with light having a polarization direction that maximizes the reflectivity of the entire substrate W. In
The imprinting apparatus of the first embodiment includes the polarization switching mechanism 38 for switching the polarization direction of illuminating light. The light source 32 for the detector S of the first embodiment is an emission lamp, such as a halogen lamp, and emits randomly polarized light. The polarization switching mechanism 38 is formed by a plurality of polarizers mounted on a turret or slide mechanism (not shown). The polarizers convert the polarization direction of illuminating light to a linear polarization direction. The polarizers are inserted into and retracted from the optical path of illuminating light, so that the polarization direction of illuminating light can be converted to any linear polarization direction. The polarizers for conversion to linearly polarized light may be mounted on a rotating mechanism such that they are rotatable about the optical axis of illuminating light. A polarization direction changing unit may be used, which is formed by polarizers arranged on the optical path of illuminating light and a ½ wavelength plate rotatable about the optical axis. To emit randomly polarized light from the light source 32 of the detector S without converting it, the polarizers may be retracted from the optical path of illuminating light. The irradiation condition of light for irradiating the substrate is switched by switching the polarization direction of the light for irradiating the substrate.
The detector S further includes a ¼ wavelength plate (not shown) between the beam splitter 33 and the image pickup element 35. Illuminating light converted to linearly polarized light by the polarization switching mechanism 38 is reflected off the beam splitter 33, transmitted through the lens 34, and applied to the substrate W. The illuminating light is reflected off the substrate W, transmitted through the beam splitter 33, and is incident on the ¼ wavelength plate. The linearly polarized light incident on the ¼ wavelength plate is converted to circularly polarized light, and focused by the lens 36 onto the light receiving surface of the image pickup element 35. Although a polarizing plate, a polarization beam splitter formed by a dielectric multilayer film, a wire-grid polarizer, a calcite prism, or the like may be used as a polarizer, the present disclosure is not limited by the type of polarizer.
Although the polarization switching mechanism 38 of the first embodiment is disposed on the optical path of illuminating light, the polarization switching mechanism 38 may be disposed on the optical path of detection light. In this case, the polarization switching mechanism 38 is disposed near the pupil plane of the lens 36 between the beam splitter 33 and the image pickup element 35, and converts the detection light to linearly polarized light of any polarization direction. A ¼ wavelength plate is disposed between the polarization switching mechanism 38 and the image pickup element 35, and converts the linearly polarized detection light to circularly polarized light.
If the light source 32 for the detector S is a light source that emits linearly polarized light, such as a laser, the polarization switching mechanism 38 includes a ½ wavelength plate, so that illuminating light can be converted to linearly polarized light of any polarization direction depending on the relationship between the direction of polarized light from the light source and the direction of the slow axis of the ½ wavelength plate. For illumination with circularly polarized light, a ¼ wavelength plate, instead of the ½ wavelength plate, may be inserted into the optical path of illuminating light. Linearly polarized light from the light source 32 is converted to circularly polarized light by the ¼ wavelength plate of the polarization switching mechanism 38. For illumination with randomly polarized light, a depolarizing plate may be used, which is obtained by combining a wedge substrate formed by a birefringent member, such as a crystal, with a wedge substrate, such as a quartz substrate.
As described above, even for the substrate W having various patterns formed thereon, the detector S of the first embodiment can detect light from the imprint material R on the substrate W under optimum conditions, both before the impressing step and after the mold release step. Thus, it is possible to observe, with accuracy, the state of the imprint material R on the substrate W and the contact state between the imprint material R on the substrate W and the mold M.
The substrate W may be provided with the base layer B that absorbs illuminating light from the detector S. Since the reflectivity of the substrate W is low in this case, interference fringes formed by reflected light from the mold M and the substrate W may not be detected. In such a case, the contact state between the mold M and the imprint material R may be observed by switching the illumination mode for illuminating the substrate W from bright-field illumination to dark-field illumination.
The detector S of the first embodiment includes the illumination-mode switching mechanism 39 for switching between bright-field illumination and dark-field illumination. The illumination-mode switching mechanism 39 includes an illumination stop mounted on a turret or slide mechanism (not shown). The illumination stop is disposed in a plane optically conjugate with the pupil plane of the lens 36, and determines the shape of an illumination pupil. In bright-field illumination, as illustrated in
In dark-field illumination, flare light reflected at the center of the lens 34 is blocked by the aperture stop 40 or the like, and is not incident on the light receiving surface of the image pickup element 35. Therefore, in dark-field illumination, it is possible to reduce occurrence of flare light which affects a detection result.
As described above, the detector S of the first embodiment is capable of switching the illumination mode between bright-field illumination and dark-field illumination. Therefore, for various types of substrates W with different reflectivities, the detector S can detect the contact state between the mold M and the imprint material R under optimum conditions. Also, since the presence of the dust G on the substrate W can be detected before the mold M and the imprint material R are brought into contact, it is possible to prevent contact between the mold M and the dust G.
In the embodiment described above, as a detection condition for detecting the state of the imprint material on the substrate, an irradiation condition of light for irradiating the substrate is switched. The detection condition is not limited to the irradiation condition, and may be a light receiving condition for receiving reflected light from the substrate. For example, of reflected light from the substrate, zero-order diffracted light or first-order diffracted light is transmitted by switching the aperture stop 40, so that diffracted light of different orders can be detected by a light receiving element. The aperture stop 40 includes a stop that transmits and blocks regular reflected light and diffracted light, respectively, of reflected light from the substrate, and another stop that transmits and blocks diffracted light and regular reflected light, respectively, of reflected light from the substrate. An aperture stop driving mechanism switches the position of the stops.
The detector S in the imprinting apparatus of the first embodiment includes the wavelength switching mechanism 37, the polarization switching mechanism 38, and the illumination-mode switching mechanism 39. However, the detector S does not necessarily need to include all the switching mechanisms, as long as it includes at least one of them. The irradiation condition of light for irradiating the substrate may be determined by combining wavelength switching, polarization switching, and illumination mode switching.
As described above, a surface state of the substrate W (or a state of the imprint material on the substrate) changes in accordance with the steps included in the imprinting process. In a conventional method for detecting a surface state of the substrate W, even though the surface state of the substrate W changes, the setting of the detector S is fixed at a detection condition suitable for a specific step (e.g., the impressing step of S02). As a result, the surface state of the substrate W cannot be accurately detected in other steps (e.g., in steps other than the impressing step of S02).
A detection condition is formed by combination of settings of individual detector subunits DS, such as the wavelength switching mechanism 37, the polarization switching mechanism 38, the illumination-mode switching mechanism 39, and the image pickup element 35, included in the detector S illustrated in
In accordance with the flowchart of
In an imprinting method of the second embodiment, when the imprinting process starts, the detection condition of the detector is switched (or set) to detection mode Ml in a switching step of S11 (detection mode M1). After the detection condition of the detector is switched to detection mode M1, a surface state of the substrate W in the application step (S01) where the imprint material R is applied onto the substrate W is detected. In the application step of S01, clogging of the dispenser or the like may cause improper application of the imprint material R, and droplets of the imprint material R may not be applied (placed) at predetermined positions on the substrate W. Therefore, in detection mode M1, the size of an image to be detected is increased and resolution per unit pixel of the image is made finer in the image pickup element 35, which is a detector subunit DS, to facilitate observation of the state of application of droplets of the imprint material R. The wavelength switching mechanism 37 uses a wide band of wavelengths so that it is less affected by the size and shape of droplets of the imprint material R.
After the application step of S01, the detection condition is switched to detection mode M2 in a switching step of S12 (detection mode M2), the detection condition is switched to detection mode M2. After the detection condition of the detector is switched to detection mode M2, a surface state of the substrate W in the impressing step (S02) where the imprint material R and the mold M are brought into contact is detected. In the impressing step of S02, the mold M may come into contact with the imprint material R on the substrate W while the mold M is in a tilted position. If the mold M comes into contact with the imprint material R while being in a tilted position, the pattern P formed in the mold M may not be properly formed on the substrate W.
Therefore, in detection mode M2, the wavelength switching mechanism 37 uses a narrow band of wavelengths which provide a high contrast of interference fringes, and the image pickup element 35 selects a high frame rate for an image to be detected.
After the impressing step of S02, the detection condition is switched to detection mode M3 in a switching step of S13 (detection mode M3). After the detection condition of the detector is switched to detection mode M3, the state of the substrate W is detected in the curing step (S04) where the imprint material R is cured by irradiating the imprint material R with light. In the curing step of S04, it is necessary that there be no dust G on the substrate W and the imprint material R formed on the substrate W be evenly charged over the entire shot region (pattern region of the mold M).
Therefore, in detection mode M3, the illumination-mode switching mechanism 39 selects dark-field illumination and the image pickup element 35 increases the size of an image to be detected. If the dust G adheres to the surface of the substrate W when dark-field illumination is used, scattered light emerges from the dust G as illustrated in
In the impressing step of S02, the imprinting operation can be stopped by detecting the dust G before the mold M and the dust G come into contact. Specifically, after the presence or absence of the dust G is detected, the controller determines to stop the imprinting operation if there is adherence of the dust G, and determines to continue the imprinting operation if there is no adherence of the dust G. It is thus possible to prevent contact between the mold M and the dust G, and prevent the resulting damage to the pattern P in the mold M.
After the curing step of S04, the detection condition is switched to detection mode M4 in a switching step of S14 (detection mode M4). After the detection condition of the detector is switched to detection mode M4, the surface state of the substrate W in the mold release step (S05) is detected. In the mold release step of S05, if the space between the substrate W and the mold M is widened while the mold M is in a tilted position, an imprinting defect, such as a fall of the pattern of the imprint material R formed on the substrate W, may occur. When the space between the substrate W and the mold M is widened, it is necessary to keep the substrate W and the mold M parallel to each other.
Therefore, in detection mode M4, the wavelength switching mechanism 37 uses a narrow band of wavelengths which provide a high contrast of interference fringes, and the image pickup element 35 selects a high frame rate for an image to be detected.
In the impressing step (S02) and the mold release step (S04), the wavelength switching mechanism 37 selects a narrow band of wavelengths for observation of interference fringes. The imprint material R on the substrate W is not patterned in the impressing step (S02), whereas the imprint material R on the substrate W is already patterned in the mold release step (S04). Therefore, there may be a difference in wavelength for observation of interference fringes between the impressing step (S02) and the mold release step (S04). In the mold release step (S04), even though the imprint material R is already patterned, a narrow band of wavelengths which provide a high contrast of interference fringes may be used. The narrow band of wavelengths may thus vary depending on whether there is a pattern on the substrate W.
After the mold release step of S05, the detection condition is switched to detection mode M5 in a switching step of S15 (detection mode M5). After the detection condition of the detector is switched to detection mode M5, a surface state of the substrate W at the end of the imprinting process is detected. It is desirable, as illustrated in
In detection mode M5, the polarization switching mechanism 38 performs setting such that a pitch direction of the pattern and a vibration direction of an electric field vector of illuminating light are parallel to each other. Also, the wavelength switching mechanism 37 uses a narrow of band wavelengths which intensify interference of reflected light from the substrate W and reflected light from the surface of the pattern layer of the imprint material R. Thus, it is possible to make an image detected by the image pickup element 35 clearer, and to detect whether the pattern layer is uniformly formed (i.e., detect an imprinting defect).
As described above, by switching the detection condition of the detector S in each step of the imprinting process, a state on the substrate in each step can be detected (or determined) with accuracy. Detecting a state on the substrate in accordance with the imprinting process is effective for prevention of imprinting defects. The steps of the imprinting process are performed in accordance with the driving sequence of the driving units of the imprinting apparatus described with reference to
The flowchart of
In the second embodiment, the detection condition is switched by switching the detection mode. Alternatively, without using the detection modes, the detector subunits DS of the detector S may be individually switched in accordance with each step of the imprinting process.
If the occurrence of an imprinting defect is found in the imprinting process, a step of removing the dust G on the substrate W may be carried out, or the location of the dust G may be stored. If the dust G on the substrate W cannot be removed, the imprinting process is not performed on the corresponding shot, or is performed such that the mold does not come into contact with (i.e., no pattern is formed in) a region of the substrate W onto which the dust G adheres.
An imprinting method of a third embodiment will be described on the basis of
A detection mode editing screen 161 illustrated in
A recipe editing screen 171 illustrated in
Information edited on the detection mode editing screen 161 and the recipe editing screen 171 is stored in a memory device DB, such as a hard disk, included in the console unit CONS illustrated in
In any of the embodiments described above, an apparatus using a photo-curing method, which is an imprinting method that cures the imprint material (photo-curable resin) by irradiating it with light (ultraviolet light), has been described as the imprinting apparatus IMP. Alternatively, the imprinting apparatus IMP of the present disclosure may be an apparatus using a thermal-curing method that cures the imprint material R with heat. In this case, a thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin is used as the imprint material R. The imprinting apparatus IMP includes a heat source that supplies heat to the imprint material R. The present disclosure may be an imprinting method using a thermal cycling technique, as long as the detector S can detect, in the imprinting process, interference fringes in a contact region where the imprint material supplied onto the substrate and the mold are in contact and its surrounding region.
A manufacturing method for manufacturing a device (semiconductor integrated circuit element, liquid crystal display element, etc.), which serves as an article, includes a step of forming a pattern on a substrate (wafer, glass plate, or film substrate) using the imprinting apparatus described above. The manufacturing method may further include a step of etching the substrate having the pattern formed thereon. For manufacture of other articles, such as a patterned medium (recording medium) and an optical element, the manufacturing method may include another process, instead of etching, for processing the substrate having a pattern formed thereon. The article manufacturing method of the present embodiment is advantageous over conventional methods in terms of at least one of performance, quality, productivity, and production cost of an article.
An imprinting apparatus can be provided in which, even when a state of an imprint material on a substrate changes, the state of the imprint material can be detected with accuracy.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments provided. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2014/082972, filed Dec. 12, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/082972 | Dec 2014 | JP | national |
