Patent Application
20230383606
Embodiments herein are generally related to downhole tools capable of creating a vibration (friction reduction), and more particularly to methods and apparatus for creating and optimizing tunable pressure pulses for imparting vibration to a downhole drill string.
Producers in the oil and gas industry access subsurface hydrocarbon-bearing formations by drilling long bore holes into the earth from the surface. Conventional drilling companies advance a rotating drill bit through the hole, the bit being mounted on a bottom hole assembly at the distal end of a drill string. During drilling, friction between the downhole assembly and the earth can impair the rate of penetration in the hole. Where highly deviated holes or horizontal holes are being drilled, the weight of the drill pipe alone cannot be relied upon to overcome friction from the string resting against the wall of the hole.
One means for overcoming downhole friction is to impart a vibration or movement to the drill string. For example, the “AG-itator” tool disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,167,051 teaches the use of a 1:2 lobe Moineau principle positive displacement motor (PDM) to control a valve arrangement that oscillates in and out of alignment as the pump snakes back-and-forth. Oscillation of the valve arrangement causes an increase in fluid pressure as the valve closes, and a corresponding release of pressure as the valve opens, creating a pressure pulse capable of vibrating the string. The pressure pulse magnitude and frequency of such vibration tools, however, are limited by the tool design. Other conventional tools operate by creating backpressure in the fluid supply. These tools require supply pumps of greater capacity and also reduce the supply pressure to the drill bit.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,222,312 teaches a “Ratter” vibration tool that induces movement of the string by reducing the overall fluid pressure within the drill string, creating a negative pressure pulse. In the Rattler tool, drilling fluid is pumped down the drill string and then cyclically vented from the tool to the annulus through a fluid port disposed in the sidewall of the tool. The Rattler tool, however, teaches the use of a turbine-type rotor in the tool body, resulting in a limited size and frequency pressure pulse that can be achieved (that is—venting of fluid from the tool is limited to the available fluid pressure that can be vented, and the corresponding pressure drop directly correlate to the uncontrolled speed of the “spinning” turbine-type rotor).
U.S. Pat. No. 10,465,464 teaches a “Toe Tapper” vibration tool that generates a tunable negative pressure pulse by controllably restricting the fluid flowing through the tool to cause an increase in fluid pressure, e.g., by via fixed or variable fluid flow restrictor or valve arrangement, in combination with controllably venting fluid from the tool to create a pressure pulse. By controlling the pressure of unvented fluid flow through the tool, the Toe Tapper tool can significantly increase the magnitude of the pressure pulse created. In use, however, the Toe Tapper can be limited because operators are unable to modify fluid flow restriction through the tool, limiting the operator's ability to change or modify the pressure pulse once the tool has been assembled.
There remains a need for further improved downhole vibration tools that can be field-tunable to produce even larger amplitude pressure pulses to generate even more impact force.
According to embodiments, an apparatus for inducing negative pressure pulses to a drilling-fluid transmitting downhole apparatus are provided, the apparatus being adapted to controllably vary the passage of the drilling fluid, wherein the apparatus may comprise a tubular housing having a cylindrical wall forming a central bore extending through the housing with an upper inlet end and a lower outlet end, and at least one fluid port disposed through the wall, a positive displacement motor, positioned within the bore of the housing, a fluid vent assembly, positioned within the bore of the housing, connected to and rotatable with the positive displacement motor, the fluid vent assembly having at least one second fluid port, at least one fluid flow restrictor, positioned within the bore of the housing, forming at least two fluid flow paths through the restrictor, and at least one fluid flow restrictor plug, slidably received within the fluid flow restrictor, for restricting fluid flow through at least one of the fluid flow paths to induce the negative pressure pulses.
In some embodiments, the at least one fluid flow restrictor plug of the present apparatus may be axially adjusted within the at least one fluid flow restrictor to restrict different predetermined volumes of fluid flow through at least one of the at least two fluid flow paths. For example, the at least one fluid flow restrictor plug may be axially adjusted between at least one ‘open’ setting, permitting a maximal amount of fluid flow through the at least one restrictor to at least one other ‘closed’ setting, restricting a maximal amount of fluid flow through the at least one restrictor. Axially adjusting the at least one fluid flow restrictor between the at least one settings may generate different, predetermined pressure pulse profiles depending upon the operating parameters.
In some embodiments, the at least one fluid flow restrictor plug of the present apparatus and methodologies may be adjusted to restrict fluid flow through one of the at least two fluid flow paths.
In some embodiments, the at least one fluid flow restrictor of the present apparatus and methodologies may comprise at least one rotating component and at least one stationary component, wherein the at least one rotating and stationary components form the at least two fluid flow paths. For example, the at least one rotating and stationary components and corresponding at least two fluid flow paths may rotate into and out of alignment.
According to embodiments, methods of inducing a negative pressure pulse to a drilling fluid transmitting downhole apparatus are provided, the methods comprising providing fluid flow through a positive displacement motor housed within the apparatus, providing at least one fluid flow restrictor having at least two fluid flow paths for controllably restricting the velocity of at least a portion of the fluid flow through the apparatus by passing the fluid flow through the at least one fluid flow restrictor, providing at least one fluid flow restrictor plug for restricting fluid flow through at least one of the fluid flow paths, increasing fluid pressure within the tool, while recurrently venting at least a portion of the restricted fluid from the downhole apparatus through a fluid vent assembly to induce the negative pressure pulse.
In some embodiments, the present methods may further comprise adjusting the at least one fluid flow restrictor plug to restrict different predetermined volumes of fluid flow through at least one of the at least two fluid flow paths.
In some embodiments, the present methods may further comprise adjusting the at least one fluid flow restrictor plug between at least one ‘open’ setting for permitting a maximal amount of fluid flow through the at least one restrictor, and at least one other ‘closed’ setting for restricting a maximal amount of fluid flow through the at least one restrictor. In some embodiments, adjusting of the at least one fluid flow restrictor plug may restrict fluid flow through one of the at least two fluid flow paths generating different pressure pulse profiles. The method of claim 12, wherein adjusting the at least one fluid flow restrictor plug restricts fluid flow through one of the at least two fluid flow paths.
In some embodiments, the restrictor of the present methods may comprise at least one rotary component that rotates into and out of alignment with at least one stationary component. In some embodiments, the at least one rotary and stationary components may form the at least two fluid flow paths.
According to the present methods, adjustment of the at least one fluid flow restrictor may controllably dictate the velocity of the fluid flowing through the at least one fluid flow restrictor. In some embodiments, the manner of fluid flow restriction and venting dictate the amplitude and frequency of the pressure pulse.
Apparatus and methods herein describe means for achieving a tunable negative pressure pulse, i.e., a pulse in the negative direction, by controllably and progressively restricting the fluid flowing through the apparatus. Herein, the presently improved apparatus and methodologies comprise an improved valve arrangement in combination with the controlled, intermittent venting of the fluid therefrom. According to improved embodiments, the present apparatus and methodologies of use provide altered fluid flow geometry and enhanced fluid flow valve control for optimizing the achieved tunable negative pressure pulse, generating increased hydraulic impact and overall friction reduction.
According to embodiments, the present apparatus and methodologies may improve upon known pressure pulse tools and methods of use including the “Toe Tapper” tool as described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,465,464 (the '464 Patent), incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The apparatus and methods of use described in the '464 Patent are first reproduced for establishing the basic principles of pressure pulse tools having a fluid vent assembly for controllably modifying the pressure of drilling fluid through the tool, and then embodiments of the current apparatus are introduced.
The '464 Patent
Having regard to
Having regard to
Housing 12 is configured to receive drive means (e.g., a mud motor) within bore 20 for pumping drilling fluid received from the drill string downwards through the tool 10. While it is understood that any suitable drive means can be used, embodiments herein illustrate the use of a positive displacement pump 30 having a rotor 31.
Housing 12 is further configured to receive a fluid vent assembly 40 within bore 20, the vent assembly 40 comprising a body 41 affixed to the lower end of the pump 30 and movable therewith (e.g., in the case of the positive displacement pump 30, vent assembly 40 can be rotatable therewith). Fluid vent assembly 40 forms at least one second fluid port 42, corresponding with first fluid port 22 of housing 12, such that when first and second fluid ports 22,42 are in alignment, fluid can be vented from the tool 10 to the annular space between the tool 10 and the borehole. For example, in the case of a rotating fluid vent assembly 40, as body 41 rotates within central bore 20, first fluid port 22 revolves in and out of alignment with second fluid port 42, each cyclical alignment causing at least a portion of the drilling fluid passing through the tool 10 to be vented to the annular space. It is understood that second fluid port 42, and ultimately the venting window formed by ports 22,42 can be configured in any manner with any internal diameter size or shape to further control the pressure pulse profile.
More specifically, in operation, the rate of drilling fluid flow through the tool 10 is determined by the rate of the pump 30 and thus remains constant. The velocity of said fluid flow through the tool, however, can be dictated according to predetermined and desired pressure pulse profiling. For example, as fluid ports 22,42 rotate in and out of alignment, fluid pressure within the tool 10 increases until ports 22,42 align again and at least a portion of the pressurized fluid is released from the tool 10. This “venting” of fluid from the tool 10 to the annular space outside of the tool 10 provides for a means of creating pressure pulse (or vibration) while maintaining a constant fluid flow rate through tool 10 and regardless of the downstream pressure.
Although the venting of fluid from the tool 10 alone provides a nominal pressure drop, it was determined that further modifying the velocity of the fluid flow through the tool 10 (e.g., via fixed or variable fluid restriction) in combination with the venting enabled the dictation of pressure pulse profiles to allow for controlled tenability of pulse frequency, pulse profile (e.g., sharp or gradual pulses) and significantly greater pulse intensity.
More specifically, in operation, in addition to the recurrent venting of fluid from the tool 10, the velocity of at least a portion of the unvented fluid flowing through the tool 10 can be restricted in a fixed or variable manner, providing a larger release of fluid pressure upon venting of fluid from the tool 10 (that is—providing a larger pressure release in the negative direction upon venting from the tool). This increased pressure is again achieved without the need to alter the fluid flow rate through the tool, and regardless of the downstream pressure.
In one embodiment, fluid flow through the tool 10 may be modified by controlling the velocity of fluid passing through outlet end 18 of the tool. For example, having regard to
In some embodiments, fluid flow restrictor 50 may be a fixed restrictor such as, for example, a fluid port 52 having a known, predetermined shape and constant fluid flow area (i.e., internal diameter). Without limitation, fluid flow area of fluid flow restrictor 50 can be limited only by the internal diameter of the downhole apparatus as a maximum and allowing fluid flow through the tool 10 as a minimum. Fixed fluid flow restrictor 50 may be configured according to the desired pressure pulse profile.
In other embodiments, fluid flow restrictor 50 may be variable in size and shape according to the predetermined pressure pulse profile such as, without limitation, a valve arrangement including a rotating, axially oscillating, or orbiting valve arrangement (or other suitable arrangement, e.g., intersecting venting windows). It is understood that any fluid flow restriction arrangement capable of achieving the desired control of fluid velocity may be used. Any restrictor arrangement having an eccentric running surface that can be used to allow fluid flow to be vented when the eccentric surface is orbiting off the fluid restrictor can be used.
Depending upon the drilling operations, however, pressure pulses generated by the known pressure pulse tools 10 can be limited by the specific, predetermined configuration of fluid flow restrictor 50 used. For example, although the fluid flow restrictor 50 can be selected according to its size and shape before the tool 10 is assembled, once the restrictor 50 is positioned within the tool 10 it cannot thereafter be modified without having to completely dismantle and reassemble the tool 10. In other words, once the operator selects a particular restrictor 50, the tool is limited to the pressure pulse induced by the selected restrictor 50. There remains a need for further improved downhole vibration tools that can be field-tunable on site by the operator to produce even larger amplitude pressure pulses with even more impact force.
Herein, improved apparatus and methodologies of pressure pulse tools 10 that can be modified for use in different drilling operations are provided, wherein the tool 10 may provide an adjustable fluid flow geometry allowing the operator to optimize the pressure pulses in the field. In some embodiments, the presently improved apparatus and methodologies may be field-tunable between a plurality of operational settings depending upon the particular drilling parameters.
The presently modified apparatus and methodologies of use will now be described having regard to
According to embodiments, apparatus and methodologies provided herein comprise an improved pressure pulse tool 10 that is adaptable for use in different drilling operations, the tool 10 having improved fluid flow geometry to generate optimized pressure pulses. In some embodiments, the pressure pulse profile achieved by the present tool 10 may be controllably varied to alter the amplitude and frequency of the pulse (e.g., to create sharp or gradual vibration), whether the tool 10 is operable in one downhole application or adapted for use in different applications. For example, the pressure pulse profile achieved by the presently improved tool 10 may be progressively varied to achieve a larger pressure pulse impulse.
Having regard to
Housing 12 defines a central bore 20, and housing sidewall 13 forms at least one first fluid port 22, having a generally circular cross section, extending through the wall 13 from the central bore 20 to the annulus. It is contemplated that fluid port 22 may be configured to optionally receive fluid inserts (not shown), altering the diameter thereof, as desired.
Housing 12 is configured to receive drive means (e.g., a mud motor) within bore 20 for pumping drilling fluid received from the drill string downwards through the tool 10. While it is understood that any suitable drive means can be used, embodiments herein illustrate the use of a positive displacement pump having a rotor 31.
Housing 12 is further configured to receive a fluid vent assembly 40 within bore 20, the vent assembly 40 comprising a body 41 affixed to the lower end of the pump and movable, i.e., rotatable, therewith. For example, in the case of a positive displacement pump, vent assembly 40 may be operably connected to and rotatable with rotor 31. An upper (uphole) end of body 41 can include exterior threading for threadably connecting body 41 with rotor 31, as known in the art. Interior and exterior threading may be of conventional type, such as pin/box type to facilitate ready connection with the fluid vent assembly 40.
Fluid vent assembly 40 may form at least one second fluid port 42, corresponding with first fluid port 22 of housing 12, such that when first and second fluid ports 22,42 are in alignment, fluid can be vented from the tool 10 to the annular space between the tool 10 and the borehole. For example, in the case of a rotating fluid vent assembly 40, as rotor 31 rotates, body 41 correspondingly rotates therewith causing first fluid port 22 to revolve into and out of alignment with second fluid port 42. During each cyclical alignment of ports 22,42, at least a portion of the drilling fluid passing through bore 20 of housing 12 is vented through sidewall 13 into the annular space. It is understood that second fluid port 42, and ultimately the venting window formed by ports 22,42 can be configured in any manner with any internal diameter size or shape to further control the pressure pulse profile.
As above, in operation, the rate of drilling fluid flow through the tool 10 is determined by the rate of the pump 30 and thus remains constant. The velocity of said fluid flow through the tool 10, however, can be dictated according to predetermined and desired pressure pulse profiling. For example, as fluid ports 22,42 rotate in and out of alignment, fluid pressure within the tool 10 can be controllably increased until ports 22,42 align again and at least a portion of the pressurized fluid is released from the tool 10. This “venting” of fluid from the tool 10 to the annular space outside of the tool 10 creates a pressure pulse or vibration of the tool 10 while maintaining a constant fluid flow rate through tool 10 regardless of the downstream pressure.
As also above, although the venting of fluid from the tool 10 alone provides a nominal pressure drop, modifying the velocity of the fluid flow through the tool 10, via variable restriction of the fluid flow, can further dictate the pressure pulse profiles and allow for controlled tenability of pulse frequency, pulse profile, and significantly greater pulse intensity. Herein, the restriction of fluid flowing through the tool 10 can be controllably and progressively varied to achieve a larger pressure pulse impulse and to produce a greater amplitude pulse for the same pressure drop as well as enhanced impact force.
More specifically, in operation, in addition to the recurrent venting of fluid from the tool 10, the velocity of at least a portion of the unvented fluid flowing through the tool 10 can be restricted in a variable manner, providing a larger release of fluid pressure upon venting of fluid from the tool 10 (that is—providing a larger pressure release in the negative direction upon venting from the tool). This increased pressure is again achieved without the need to alter the fluid flow rate through the tool 10 and regardless of the downstream pressure.
More specifically, fluid flow through the tool 10 may be modified by controlling the velocity of fluid passing through outlet end 18 of the tool. For example, having further regard to
As shown in
Herein, as will be described, the at least one fluid flow restrictor 50 may form at least two fluid flow paths. In some embodiments, the one or more fluid flow paths may be controllably plugged in order to restrict more or less of the fluid flowing through the tool 10, i.e., to increase or decrease cross-sectional space the fluid may pass through, thereby increasing or decreasing the velocity of the fluid flowing through tool 10. Advantageously, based upon the desired pressure pulse profile, an operator may select one or more settings of operation, each setting restricting a different volume of fluid flowing through the tool. That is, in operation, the tool 10 may be adapted from a first ‘open’ setting, where minimal fluid flow is restricted and a first pressure pulse profile is achieved, to any number of other settings including a second ‘closed’ setting, where maximal fluid flow is restricted, and a second pressure pulse profile is achieved. Although the present tool 10 is described having four operational settings, any number of fluid flow restriction settings may be provided.
For example, having further regard to
According to embodiments, for example, the presently improved tool 10 may be tunable such that an operator may select from a plurality of tool performance settings, such as at least four different performance level settings, each setting being determined on location to provide the operator with more definitive tool control.
More specifically, having regard to
In some embodiments, rotating component 51 may be operatively connected to, and rotatable with, body 41 of vent assembly 40, while stationary component 53 may operably connected to, or sealingly positioned within, housing 12. For example, rotating component 51 may be slidably received within a lower end of body 41 and may include exterior threading for connecting thereto. Threading may be of conventional type, such as pin/box type to facilitate ready connection between rotating element 51 and body 41, and one or more bearing assemblies 43 may be operationally positioned therebetween.
Each rotating and stationary components 51,53 may form at least one first fluid flow path through restrictor 50 for controllably restricting the passage of fluid flowing through restrictor 50 positioned with bore 20 of housing 12. For example, having specific regard to
As rotating disc 51 rotates relative to stationary disc 53, aperture and window 52,54 pass into and out of alignment in relation to each other. When aligned, at least a portion of a controlled volume of fluid may pass therethrough. When misaligned, at least a portion of a controlled volume of fluid is restricted from passing therethrough. In this manner, aperture and window, 52,54, may correspond to form the at least one first fluid flow path through restrictor 50 and may be sized and shaped as desired to achieve the desired control of fluid velocity through tool 10.
Each rotating and stationary components 51,53 may also form at least one second fluid flow path through restrictor 50 for enhancing the controlled restriction of the passage of fluid flowing through restrictor 50. For example, as shown in
As rotating disc 51 rotates relative to stationary disc 53, holes 56 pass into and out of alignment in relation to groove 55. When aligned, at least a portion of a controlled volume of fluid may pass therethrough. When misaligned, at least a portion of a control volume of fluid is restricted from passing therethrough. In this manner, groove and holes 55,56 may correspond to form the at least one second fluid flow path through restrictor 50 and may be sized and shaped as desired to achieve the desired control of fluid velocity through tool 10.
As above, fluid flow restrictor 50 further comprises at least one fluid flow restrictor pin or plug 60, the plug 60 being adjustable between a plurality of settings where for each setting plug 60 serves to restrict a different volume of fluid flow through flow restrictor 50 to achieve different, modifiable performance levels. Having regard to
More specifically, as will be described, by adjusting the longitudinal back and forth axial positioning of the at least one plug 60 within groove 55, an operator may controllably restrict different volumes of fluid flow through flow restrictor 50 to achieve different performance levels. By varying fluid flow passing through at least one flow path formed by restrictor 50, in combination with the controlled venting of fluid from the tool 10, the operator can generate tool vibrations having varied frequencies and intensities.
Having regard to
In some embodiments, having regard to
For example, plug 60a,60b,60c, respectively, may be configured for fluid sealing engagement within groove 55, and may be sized so as to prohibit or plug fluid from flowing through holes 56. Depending upon the size and shape of plug 60a,60b,60c selected, operator may controllably prevent fluid flow through one or more holes 56 and may switch the tool between different performance parameters.
That is, in use, an operator may select and position a first plug 60 within groove 55 to provide a first ‘open’ performance parameter (
In this regard, when the plug 60n occupies the position shown in
As above, the shape of the pressure pulse profiles generated by each of the operation settings of the present tool 10 can be selected by the operator on-site, enabling enhanced tuning of said pulses based upon the drilling parameters. As would be appreciated, by varying the area of the cross-section of the space the fluid flows through (i.e., the fluid flow paths), while maintaining the pump flow rate constant, the velocity of the fluid flowing through the apparatus 10 can be increased or decreased, as desired, to optimize the pressure pulse induced by the tool 10.
Having regard to
Various configurations of the present tool 10 are contemplated including varied positioning of the tool 10 along a drilling string, and/or where the tool 10 may be used alone or in combination with other negative pressure profile tools 10 in stacked arrangement, or in combination with one or more other downhole tools known in the art.
Although a few embodiments have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments without changing or departing from their scope, intent or functionality. The terms and expressions used in the preceding specification have been used herein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding equivalents of the features shown and the described portions thereof.
The present application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63/105,485 filed Oct. 26, 2020, which is specifically incorporated by reference herein for all that it discloses or teaches.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2021/051496 | 10/25/2021 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63105485 | Oct 2020 | US |
