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The Pros and Cons of Carbon Dioxide Dumping Global Warming Concerns Have Stimulated a Search for Carbon Sequestration Technologies; C. Hanisch, Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, Easton, PA. |
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In Situ Measurement of Some Thermoporoelastic Parameters of a Granite, Berchenko et al., Poromechanics, A Tribute to Maurice Biot, 1998, pp. 545-550. |
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Evaluation of Downhole Electric Impedance Heating Systems for Paraffin Control in Oil Wells; Industry Applications Society 37th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Enginee Inc., Bosch et al., Sep. 1990, pp. 223-227. |
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Oil Shale Retorting: Effects of Particle Size and Heating Rate on Oil Evolution and Intraparticle Oil Degradation; Campbell et al. In Situ 2(1), 1978, pp. 1-47. |
The Potential For In Situ Retorting of Oil Shale In the Piceance Creek Basin of Northwestern Colorado; Dougan et al Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 57-72. |
Retoring Oil Shale Underground-Problems & Possibilities; B.F. Grant, Qtly of Colorado School of Mines, pp. 39-46. |
Molecular Mechanism of Oil Shale Pyrolysis in Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atmospheres, Hershkowitz et al.; Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, May 1983 pp. 301-316. |
The Characteristics of a Low Temperature in Situ Shale Oil; George Richard Hill & Paul Dougan, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, 1967; pp. 75-90. |
Direct Production Of A Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil; Hill et al., I & EC Product Research and Development, 6(1), Mar. 1967; pp. 52-59. |
Refining Of Swedish Shale Oil, L. Lundquist, pp. 621-627. |
The Benefits of In Situ Upgrading Reactions to the Integrated Operations of the Orinoco Heavy-Oil Fields and Downstream Facilities, Myron Kuhlman, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Jun. 2000; pp. 1-14. |
Monitoring Oil Shale Retorts by Off-Gas Alkene/Alkane Ratios, John H. Raley, Fuel, vol. 59, Jun. 1980, pp. 419-442. |
The Shale Oil Question, Old and New Viewpoints, A Lecture in the Engineering Science Academy, Dr. Fredrik Ljungstrom, Feb. 23, 1950, published in Teknisk Trdskrift, Jan. 1951 pp. 33-40. |
Underground Shale Oil Pyrolysis According to the Ljungstroem Method; Svenska Skifferolje Aktiebolaget (Swedish Shale Oil Corp.), IVA, vol. 24, 1953, No. 3, pp. 118-123. |
Kinetics of Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Oil Shale by the IITRI RF Process, Sresty et al.; 15th Oil Shale Symposium Colorado School of Mines, Apr. 1982 pp. 1-13. |
Bureau of Mines Oil-Shale Research, H.M. Thorne, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 77-90. |
Application of a Microretort to Problems in Shale Pyrolysis, A. W. Weitkamp & L.C. Gutberlet, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop. vol. 9, No. 3, 1970, pp. 386-395. |
Oil Shale, Yen et al., Developments in Petroleum Science 5, 1976, pp. 187-189, 197-198. |
The Composition of Green River Shale Oils, Glenn L. Cook, et al., United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, 1968, pp. 1-23. |
High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Green River Oil Shale, Burnham et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 335-351. |
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A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane Production, Burnham et al., Oil Shale, Tar Sands, and Related Materials, American Chemical Society, 1981, pp. 79-92. |
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Developments in Technology for Green River Oil Shale, G.U. Dinneen, United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Laramie Petroleum Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 1968, pp. 1-20. |
The Thermal and Structural Properties of a Hanna Basin Coal, R.E. Glass, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 106, Jun. 1984, pp. 266-271. |
The Thermal and Structural Properties of the Coal in the Big Coal Seam, R.E. Glass, In Situ, 8(2), 1984, pp. 193-205. |
Investigation of the Temperature Variation of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Coal, Badzioch et al., Fuel, vol. 43, No. 4, Jul. 1964, pp. 267-280. |
On the Mechanism of Kerogen Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & James A. Happe, Jan. 10, 1984 (17 pages). |
Proposed Field Test of the Lins Method Thermal Oil Recovery Process in Athabasca McMurray Tar Sands, Husky, Oil Company. |
Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Marc 23, 1987, (29 pages). |
Further Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Sep. 1987, (16 pages). |
Tests of a Mechanism for H2 S Release During Coal Pyrolysis, Coburn et al., May 31, 1991, (6 pages). |
Kinetic Studies of Gas Evolution During Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal, J. H. Campbell et al., May 11, 1976, (14 pages). |
Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Robert J. Cena, Aug. 14, 1987, (11 pages). |
Evolution of Sulfur Gases During Coal Pyrolysis, Oh et al., Feb. 3, 1988, (11 pages). |
Coal Pyrolysis and Methane Decomposition In the Presence of a Hot Char Bed, Peters et al., Aug. 1983, (21 pages). |
Pyrolysis Kinetics and Maturation of Coals from the San Juan Basin, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 1992, (30 pages). |
Numerical Model of Coal Gasification in a Packed Bed, A.M. Winslow, Apr. 1976 (27 pages). |
LLL In-Situ Coal Gasification Program, Stephens et al., Jun. 14, 1976 (12 pages). |
Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal as it Relates to In-Situ Coal Gasification, J.H. Campbell, Jan. 17, 1977 (20 page. |
The Historical Development of Underground Coal Gasification, D. Olness & D.W. Gregg, Jun. 30, 1977 (60 pages). |
Laboratory Measurements of Groundwater Leaching and Transport of Pollutants Produced During Underground Coal Gasification, V.A. Dalton & J.H. Campbell, Mar. 1, 1978 (21 pages). |
The Hoe Creek II Field Experiment of Underground Coal Gasification, Preliminary Results, Aiman et al., Feb. 27, 1978 (26 pages). |
Ground-Water and Subsidence Investigations of the LLL In Situ Coal Gasification Experiments, Mead et al, Jul. 17-2, 1978 (31 pages). |
Geotechnical Instrumentation Applied to In Situ Coal Gasification Induced Subsidence, Ganow et al. Jun. 21, 1978 (1 pages). |
The Use of Tracers in Laboratory and Field Tests of Underground Coal Gasification and Oil Shale Retorting, Lyczkowski et al., Jun. 16, 1978 (19 pages). |
Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages). |
High-BTU Gas Via In Situ Coal Gasification, Stephens et al., Oct., 1978 (41 pages). |
A One-Dimensional Model for In Situ Coal Gasification, Thorsness et al., Aug. 25, 1978 (76 pages). |
Control Aspects of Underground Coal Gasification: LLL Investigations of Ground-Water and Subsidence Effects, Mead et al., Nov. 10, 1978 (21 pages). |
Environmental Controls for Underground Coal Gasification: Ground-Water Effects and Control Technologies, Warre Mead & Ellen Raber, Mar. 14, 1980 (19 pages). |
Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12 pages). |
Results From the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 page. |
Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages). |
Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, R.T. Langland & B.C. Trent, Jul. 1981 (16 pages). |
Burn Cavity Growth During the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, R.W. Hill, Jun. 8, 198 (28 pages). |
The Controlled Retracting Injection Point (Crip) System: A Modified Stream Method for In Site Coal Gasification, R.W. Hill & M.J. Shannon, Apr. 15, 1981 (11 pages). |
Coal Block Gasification Experiments: Laboratory Results and Field Plans: C.B. Thorsness & R.W. Hill, Jul. 1981 (23 pages). |
Laboratory Scale Simulation of Underground Coal Gasification: Experiment and Theory, J.R. Creighton & (27 pages). |
Underground Coal Gasification—A Leading Cotender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages). |
Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, B.C. Trent & R.T. Langland, Aug. 1981 (40 pages). |
The Hoe Creek Experiements: LLNL's Underground Coal Gasification Project in Wyoming, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 1981 (162 pages). |
Technical Underground Coal Gasification Summation: 1982 Status, Stephens et al., Jul. 1982 (22 pages). |
Review of Underground Coal Gasification Field Experiments at Hoe Creek (34 pages). |
Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Steam, Stephens et al., Jan. 19, 1984 (37 pages). |
Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al., Nov. 1983, (27 pages). |
Mathematical Modeling of Modified In Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting, Robert L. Braun, Jan. 1981 (4 pages). |
Progress Report on Computer Model for In Situ Oil Shale Retorting, R.L. Braun & R.C.Y. Chin, Jul. 14, 1977 (34 pages). |
Analysis of Multiple Gas-Solid Reactions During the Gasification of Char in Oil Shale Blocks, Braun et al., Apr. 198 (14 pages). |
Chemical Kinetics and Oil Shale Process Design, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 1993 (16 pages). |
Reaction Kinetics and Diagnostics For Oil Shale Retorting, Alan K. Burnham, Oct. 19, 1981 (32 pages). |
Reaction Kinetics Between Steam and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Oct. 1978 (8 pages). |
General Kinetic Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Dec. 1984 (25 pages). |
General Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Nov. 1983 (22 pages). |
Pyrolysis Kinetics for Green River Oil Shale From the Saline Zone, Burnham et al., Feb., 1982 (33 pages). |
Reaction Kinetics Between CO2 and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Mar. 22, 1978 (9 pages front & back). |
Reaction Kinetics Between CO2 and Oil Shale Residual Carbon. I. Effect of Heating Rate on Reactivity, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 11, 1978 (11 pages front and back). |
High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Colorado Oil Shale, Alan K. Burnham & Mary F. Singleton, Oct. 1982 (23 pages). |
A Possible Mechanism Of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil Shale Retorting, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Ward, Nov. 2, 1980 (20 pages). |
Enthalpy Relations For Eastern Oil Shale, David W. Camp, Nov. 1987 (13 pages). |
Oil Shale Retorting: Part 3 A Correlation of Shale Oil 1-Alkene/n-Alkane Ratios With Yield, Coburn et al., Aug. 1, 1977 (18 pages). |
The Composition of Green River Shale Oil, Glen L. Cook, et al., 1968 (12 pages). |
On-line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia From Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization, Crawford et al., Mar. 1988 (16 pages). |
Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150° to 350° C Rate of Production Formation, J.J. Cummins & W.E. Robinson, 1972 (18 pages). |
Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages). |
Retorting and Combustion Processes In Surface Oil-Shale Retorts, A.E. Lewis & R.L. Braun, May 2, 1980 (12 pages). |
Oil Shale Retorting Processes: A Technical Overview, Lewis et al., Mar. 1984 (18 pages). |
Study of Gas Evolution During Oil Shale Pyrolysis by TQMS, Oh et al., Feb. 1988 (10 pages). |
The Permittivity and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Shale, A.J. Piwinskii & A. Duba, Apr. 28, 1975 (12 pages). |
Oil Degradation During Oil Shale Retorting, J.H. Raley & R.L. Braun, May 24, 1976 (14 pages). |
Kinetic Analysis of California Oil Shale By Programmed Temperature Microphyrolysis, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 9, 1991 (14 pages). |
Analysis of Oil Shale and Petroleum Source Rock Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Comparisons o Gas Evolution at the Heating Rate of 10° C/Min., Reynolds et al. Oct. 5, 1990 (57 pages). |
Catalytic Activity of Oxidized (Combusted) Oil Shale for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia as a Reductant in Combustion Gas Streams, Part II, Reynolds et al., Jan. 4, 1993 (9 pages). |
Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis of Oil Shale, J.H. Richardson & E.B. Huss, Oct. 1981 (27 pages). |
Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages). |
Recent Experimental Developments in Retorting Oil Shale at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Albert J. Rothman Aug. 1978 (32 pages). |
The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts, Sandholtz et al. Sep. 18, 1978 (30 pages). |
Operating Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts In An In-Situ Mode, W. A. Sandholtz et al., Aug. 18, 1977 (16 pages). |
Some Relationships of Thermal Effects to Rubble-Bed Structure and Gas-Flow Patterns in Oil Shale Retorts, W. A. Sandholtz, Mar. 1980 (19 pages). |
Assay Products from Green River Oil Shale, Singleton et al., Feb. 18, 1986 (213 pages). |
Biomarkers in Oil Shale: Occurrence and Applications, Singleton et al., Oct. 1982 (28 pages). |
Occurrence of Biomarkers in Green River Shale Oil, Singleton et al., Mar. 1983 (29 pages). |
An Instrumentation Proposal for Retorts in the Demonstration Phase of Oil Shale Development, Clyde J. Sisemore, Apr. 19, 1977, (34 pages). |
A Laboratory Apparatus for Controlled Time/Temperature Retorting of Oil Shale, Stout et al., Nov. 1, 1976 (19 pages). |
SO2 Emissions from the Oxidation of Retorted Oil Shale, Taylor et al., Nov. 1981 (9 pages). |
Nitric Oxide (NO) Reduction by Retorted Oil Shale, R. W. Taylor & C.J. Morris, Oct. 1983 (16 pages). |
Coproduction of Oil and Electric Power from Colorado Oil Shale, P. Henrik Wallman, Sep. 24, 1991 (20 pages. |
—C NMR Studies of Shale Oil, Raymond L. Ward & Alan K. Burnham, Aug. 1982 (22 pages). |
Identification by —C NMR of Carbon Types in Shale Oil and their Relationship to Pyrolysis Conditions Raymond L. Ward & Alan K. Burnham, Sep. 1983 (27 pages). |
A Laboratory Study of Green River Oil Shale Retorting Under Pressure In a Nitrogen Atmosphere, Wise et al., Sep. 1976 (24 pages). |
Quantitative Analysis and Evolution of Sulfur-Containing Gases from Oil Shale Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, Wong et al., Nov. 1983 (34 pages). |
Quantitative Analysis & Kinetics of Trace Sulfur Gas Species from Oil Shale Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (TQMS), Wong et al., Jul. 5-7, 1983 (34 pages). |
Application of Self-Adaptive Detector System on a Triple Quadrupole MS/MS to High Expolsives and Sulfur-Containing Pyrolysis Gases from Oil Shale, Carla M. Wong & Richard W. Crawford, Oct. 1983 (17 pages). |
An Evaluation of Triple Quadrupole MS/MS for On-Line Gas Analyses of Trace Sulfur Compounds from Oil Shale Processing, Wong et al., Jan. 1985 (30 pages). |
Source and Kinetics of Sulfur Species in Oil Shale Pyrolysis Gas by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, Wong et al., Oct. 1983 (14 pages). |
The Centralia Partial Seam CRIP Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Cena et al., Jun. 1984 (38 pages). |
Results of the Centralia Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, Hill et al., Aug. 1984 (18 pages). |
Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Cena et al., Aug. 14, 1987 (11 pages. |
Assessment of the CRIP Process for Underground Coal Gasification: The Rocky Mountain I Test, Cena et al., Aug. 1988 (22 pages). |
Mild Coal Gasification-Product Separation, Pilot-Unit Support, Twin Screw Heat Transfer, and H2S Evolution, Camp et al., Aug. 9, 1991 (12 pages). |
Underground Coal Gasification Site Selection and Characterization in Washington State and Gasification Test Design Randolph Stone & R.W. Hill, Sep. 10, 1980 (62 pages). |
Burnham, Alan, K. “Oil Shale Retorting Dependence of timing and composition on temperature and heating rate”, Jan. 27, 1995, (23 pages). |
Burnham et al. A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil Shale Retorting, (7 pages). |
Campbell, et al., “Kinetics of oil generation from Colorado Oil Shale” IPC Business Press, Fuel, 1978, (3 pages). |
Cummins et al. “Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150° to 350° C”, Report of Investigations 7620, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972, (pp. 1-15). |
Cook, et al. “The Composition of Green River Shale Oils”, United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Tallinn, 1968, (pp. 1-23). |
Hill et al., “The Characteristics of a Low Temperature in situ Shale Oil” American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical & Petroleum Engineers, 1967 (pp. 75-90). |
Dinneen, et al. “Developments in Technology for Green River Oil Shale” United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Tallinn, 1968, (pp. 1-20). |
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Dougan, et al. “The Potential for in situ Retorting of Oil Shale in the Piceance Creek Basin of Northwestern Colorado”, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines (pp. 57-72). |
Hill et al. “Direct Production of Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil” I&EC Product Research and Development, 1967, vol. 6, (pp. 52-59). |
Yen et al., “Oil Shale” Developments in Petroleum Science, 5, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1976 (pp. 187-198). |
SSAB report, “A Brief Description of the Ljungstrom Method for Shale Oil Production,” 1950, (12 pages). |
Salomonsson G., SSAB report, The Lungstrom In Situ-Method for Shale Oil Recovery, 1950 (28 pages). |
“Swedish shale oil-Production method in Sweden,” Organisation for European Economic Co-operation, 1952, (70 pages). |
SSAB report, “Kvarn Torp” 1958, (36 pages). |
SSAB report, “Kvarn Torp” 1951 (35 pages). |
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Vogel et al. “An Analog Computer for Studying Heat Transfrer during a Thermal Recovery Process,” AIME Petroleum Transactions, 1955 (pp. 205-212). |
SAAB report, “The Swedish Shale Oil Industry,” 1948 (8 pages). |
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SAAB, “Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of the Lins Method for the Recovery of Oil from Sand-Figures”, 1955 vol. 2, (146 pages) English. |
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Helander, R.E., “Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of Carbon Steel Burner Casings for the Lins Method of Oil Recovery”, 1959 (38 pages) English. |
Helander et al., Santa Cruz, California, Field Test of Fluidized Bed Burners for the Lins Method of Oil Recovery 1959, (86 pages) English. |
SSAB report, “Bradford Residual Oil, Athabasa Ft. McMurray” 1951, (207 pages), partial translation. |
“Lins Burner Test Results-English” 1959-1960. |
SAAB, “Photos”, (18 pages). |