Patent Application
20120145830
The present invention relates to an incendiary capsule particularly, although not exclusively, for use in airborne fire control and forestry management procedures such as back burning.
It is known to drop incendiaries from air craft such as helicopters and light fixed wing aircraft for the purposes of forestry management and back burning. One known incendiary is in the form of a small sphere of approximately 32 mm diameter of a plastics material filled with a quantity of potassium permanganate granules or powder. The sphere is injection moulded from extruded plastic. A small hole is formed in the sphere to allow it to be filled with potassium permanganate. The hole is then sealed with wax or glue. The spheres are placed in a hopper which feeds the sphere sequentially to a chute where they are injected with a small volume of glycol. The potassium permanganate and glycol react exothermically generating a flame.
The inventor developed an alternate form of incendiary described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,877,433 in which the incendiary comprises a plurality of containers containing a volume of potassium permanganate which is subsequently injected with a volume of glycol. The containers are coupled together to form a belt which is fed through a dispensing machine that sequentially injects the capsules with glycol and separates capsules from the belt for subsequent dispensing.
One aspect of the invention provides an incendiary capsule comprising:
The PHS may comprise a liquid impervious coating or covering.
The liquid impervious coating or covering may comprise a liquid which dries or sets on the PHS to form liquid impervious layer on the PHS.
The liquid impervious covering or coating may comprise an adhesive tape comprising a layer of adhesive for adhering onto the PHS, the layer of adhesive provided on a liquid impervious backing strip.
The liquid impervious coating or covering may comprise a coating of a plastics film.
The liquid impervious coating or covering may comprise a container made of a material that ignites at or below the temperature generated by the exothermic reaction.
The PHS may be provided in the form of a pellet.
The capsule body may comprise has an opening through which the PHS and first part of the ignition system are deposited into the capsule, and a seal that extends across and seals the opening.
The capsule body may be made of a plastics material and be provided with a flat bottom wall and a frusto-conical side wall wherein the side wall reduces in diameter from the opening to the bottom wall.
The capsule body may be provided with a lip extending about the opening and lying on a plane substantially parallel to a plane containing the bottom wall.
The seal may comprise a layer of plastics material.
The seal may comprise a layer of transparent or translucent plastics material.
The PHS may comprise thermite or may be based on a thermite like composition.
In one embodiment the PHS comprises by weight:
When the PHS is in the form of a pellet the liquid impervious coating may be a water proof coating and may comprise a solvent or a solvent mixture. For example in one embodiment the water proof coating comprises a mixture of shellac and methylated spirits. The PHS pellet can be dipped in a bath of such a mixture and subsequently removed to allow drying of the mixture on the pellet thereby forming the coating on the pellet. In this example the mixture may comprise between ten to thirty parts methylated spirits to one part shellac. In another example the mixture comprises about twenty parts methylated spirits to one part shellac.
A second aspect of the invention may provide a belt of incendiary capsules comprising:
The couplings may be formed integrally with the capsule bodies.
The couplings may be made of the same material as the capsule bodies.
The couplings may be formed with the same thickness as the side walls of the capsule bodies.
The first part of the ignition system may comprise potassium permanganate.
The second part of the ignition system may comprise glycol.
A third aspect of the invention may provide an incendiary system comprising:
The apparatus may inject the volume of the second part of the ignition system through the seal of each incendiary capsule.
The invention also provides a method of producing a burning heat source on the ground comprising:
In one embodiment the aircraft is flown at height and the first and second parts of the ignition system are provided in respective quantities wherein the or each dropped capsule reaches the group prior to ignition of the PHS.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
In the present embodiment, the first part 18 of the ignition system comprises potassium permanganate granules. PHS 16 is provided in the form of a pellet although it is not essential that the PHS be provided in this form. For example the PHS may also be provided in the form of granules or powder.
The PHS may comprise thermite or a thermite like compound or is otherwise based on thermite or a thermite like compound.
In general terms, thermite comprises a composition of a metal powder and metal oxide which deflagrates at extremely high temperatures typically in the order of 2,500-3,500° C. The metal powder in the thermite may comprise one or more of aluminium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zinc, silicon, or boron. The metal oxide may comprise one or more of boron (III) oxide, silicon (IV) oxide, chromium (III) oxide, magnesium (IV) oxide, iron (III) oxide, iron (II, III) oxide, copper (II) oxide, and lead (II, IV) oxide.
In one example the PHS comprises a compound, by weight of:
The PHS is pressed to form pellets, with the gum arabic acting as a binder.
The PHS 16 is covered or coated with a liquid impervious and more specifically water proof material. The type of liquid impervious material used and its form may vary. When the PHS 16 is in the form of a pellet, the liquid impervious material may be provided initially as a liquid which is sprayed on the pellet or into which the PHS pellet is dipped, where the liquid subsequently dries or sets to create a liquid impervious layer or coating on the PHS pellet 16. In an alternate form, the liquid impervious material may be applied as adhesive tape which sandwiches the pellet 16. The adhesive tape comprising a layer of adhesive material, that contacts the pellet 16, provided on a liquid impervious backing strip. Indeed, when the PHS is in the form of a powder or granules, the powder or granules may be wrapped in an adhesive tape. In an alternate form, the covering or coating may be in the form of a thin film of plastics material such as cling wrap used for wrapping of sandwiches and other foodstuffs. This type of covering or coating is suitable for the PHS in pellet, and powder or granule form. In a further alternate, the liquid impervious material may be provided as a smaller capsule or container in which the PHS 16, in pellet or powder or granule form is contained, the container being made of material that ignites at a temperature at or below the temperature generated by the exothermic reaction between the first and second parts of the ignition system. Such containers or small capsules may be in the form for example of capsules used for medicines.
In one example a water proof coating is provided by dipping pellets 16 into a liquid bath of a solvent or solvent mixture and subsequently removed to allow drying of the liquid leaving a water proof coating on the pellet. A solvent mixture of shellac and methylated spirits has been found effective in forming the water proof coating. The mixture is of ten to thirty parts methylated spirits to one part shellac, with a mixture ratio of twenty (20) parts methylated spirits to one part shellac being particularly effective.
Present ignition system comprises potassium permanganate 18, and glycol which, when mixed cause an exothermic reaction generating heat sufficient to ignite the thermite. However alternate two part chemical ignition systems may be used provided they generate sufficient heat to ignite the PHS. It is believed that the heat required for this is at least 600-700° C.
The capsule bodies 14 comprise a substantially planar bottom wall 20 and a frusto-conical side wall 22. The side wall 22 decreases in diameter in a direction from an opening 24 of the capsule body 14 toward the bottom wall 20. Once the PHS 16 and first part 18 of the ignition system have been deposited into the capsule body 14 through the opening 24, a seal 26 is placed across and sealed over the opening 24. The seal 26 is typically in the form of a thin film of plastics material. The material may be clear or translucent. Thus each capsule 10 comprises a single sealed compartment containing one part of the two part ignition system and a PHS 16. The second part of the two part ignition system is complete separate from the capsule 10 and remains remote from the capsule 10 until it is desired to initiate a capsule.
A circumferential lip 28 is formed about the opening 24 of the capsule 10 and lies in a plane substantially parallel to a plane containing the bottom wall 20. The seal 26 is adhered or otherwise attached to the lip 28.
In order to form the flexible belt 12, adjacent capsules 10 are joined by coupling 30. The couplings 30 extend in a plane containing a lip 28. The couplings 30 are formed integrally with and of the same material as the capsule body 14 and have the same thickness as the side wall 22 and the lip 28.
In use, the incendiaries 10 may be provided in the form of flexible belts 12 wound into reels which may then be fed into a dispenser to form an overall incendiary system. The incendiary system feeds the capsules sequentially to the dispenser which injects a quantity of the second part of the ignition system (e.g. glycol) held in a storage vessel or tank into each capsule 10 through the seal 26 and severs or breaks the coupling 30 to enable separate dispensing of the incendiaries 10. During this process a needle may be used to inject the glycol into the capsules 10, where the need is controlled to penetrate into the capsule to a depth that does not reach the PHS 16. The first and second parts of the ignition system chemically react to generate heat sufficient to subsequently cause ignition of the PHS 16. When dispensing the incendiaries 10 from an aircraft, the capsules are dispensed from a height and contain quantities of the first and second parts of the ignition system such that the capsules will reach the ground prior to the ignition system generating sufficient heat to ignite the PHS 16 so that the PHS 16 ignites and burns or combusts when the capsule 10 reaches the ground.
Modifications and variations to the described embodiments of the present invention that would be obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention the nature of which is to be determined from the above description and the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009902574 | Jun 2009 | AU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU10/00694 | 6/4/2010 | WO | 00 | 2/22/2012 |
