Patent Application
20250056556
Particular embodiments relate to wireless communication, and more specifically to an increased number of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports.
Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features, and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defines specifications for wireless communications, such as fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR). In the time domain, NR downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into equally sized subframes of 1 ms each. A subframe is further divided into multiple slots of equal duration. The slot length depends on subcarrier spacing. 15 kHz subcarrier spacing uses one slot per subframe. In general, for 15·2μ kHz subcarrier spacing, where μ∈{0,1,2,3,4}, there are 2μ slots per subframe. Finally, each slot consists of 14 symbols (unless extended cyclic prefix is configured).
In the frequency domain, a system bandwidth is divided into resource blocks (RBs) each corresponding to 12 contiguous subcarriers. One subcarrier during one symbol interval forms one resource element (RE).
A demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is an uplink reference signal (that consists of a pseudo-random quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence for cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) sequences for discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) used for demodulating of PUSCH such that the receiver (i.e., the gNB) can handle time-varying and frequency-selective channels. DMRS is confined to the scheduled PUSCH bandwidth and duration.
The mapping of DMRS to REs is configurable in both frequency and time domain. In the frequency domain, there are two mapping types: type 1 (comb based) or type 2 (non-comb based). In the time-domain, DMRS is either single symbol or double symbol, where the latter means that DM-RS is mapped in pairs of two adjacent symbols. Furthermore, a user equipment (UE) may be configured with one, two, three or four single-symbol DMRS and one or two double-symbol DMRS. In low-Doppler scenarios, one DMRS symbol may be sufficient whereas in high-Doppler scenarios, additional DMRS symbols are required.
The frequency-domain starting position of DMRS is the same as the frequency-domain starting position of PUSCH. The time-domain starting position of DMRS depends on the PUSCH mapping type. For PUSCH mapping type A (slot-based scheduling), the first DMRS symbol is in the third or fourth (i.e., symbol 2 or 3) of a slot, configured by higher-layer parameter dmrs-TypeA-Position in the master information base (MIB). For PUSCH mapping type B (non-slot-based scheduling), the first DMRS symbol of a slot is the same as the first PUSCH symbol of a slot.
DMRS for PUSCH is radio resource control (RRC) configured through the DMRS-UplinkConfig information element (IE), for PUSCH scheduled by downlink control information (DCI) format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2.
DMRS for PUSCH is configured with the following in RRC (see ASN code in 3GPP TS 38.331 version 16.1.0).
DMRS for PUSCH is configurable with respect to various parameters. For example, one parameter is the DMRS frequency-domain mapping type (type 1 or type 2), configured by the RRC parameter dmrs-Type. Type 1 is comb based with 2 code division multiplexing (CDM) groups whereas type 2 is not comb based with 3 CDM groups. For DFT-S-OFDM, only type 1 is supported.
For single-symbol DMRS, there exist 4 and 6 orthogonal DMRS ports (2 DMRS ports per CDM group, separated using a length-2 FD-OCC) for type 1 and type 2, respectively. For double-symbol DM-RS, there exist 8 and 12 orthogonal DM-RS ports (4 DM-RS ports per CDM group, separated using a length-2 FD-OCC combined with a length-2 TD-OCC) for type 1 and type 2, respectively.
Another configurable parameter is any additional DMRS symbols (0, 1, 2 or 3 for single-symbol DMRS and 0 or 1 for double-symbol DMRS), configured by the RRC parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition. The position of additional DMRS depends on the PUSCH mapping type and PUSCH duration according to a predefined table. A TD-OCC may not be configured over additional (i.e., noncontiguous DM-RS.
The associated PTRS (if any), is configured by the RRC parameter phase TrackingRS. The maximum number of adjacent DMRS symbols (1 or 2) is configured by the RRC parameter maxLength.
If transform precoding is disabled (i.e., if the waveform is CP-OFDM), DM-RS for PUSCH can be additionally and optionally configured with respect to scrambling ID 0 and 1, configured by RRC parameters scramblingID0 and scramblingID1, respectively, which are used for generating the pseudo-random DM-RS sequence.
DMRS ports are mapped to resource elements within one CDM group. DMRS ports that belong to the same CDM group are separated by a length-2 FD-OCC (and a length-2 TD-OCC, for double-symbol DMRS). In NR Rel-16, the DM-RS sequence is mapped to the following subcarriers (for DFT-S-OFDM, only DM-RS type 1 is supported):
where k denotes the subcarrier index (which starts/ends at the first/last subcarrier within the scheduled PUSCH bandwidth), n∈{0, 1, 2, . . . }, k′∈{0,1}, and Δ is an offset that depends on the CDM group.
Table 1 and Table 2 show port-specific parameters for DMRS type 1 and type 2. Here, wf(k′), where k′∈{0,1}, is the FD-OCC and wt(l′), where l′=0 for single-symbol DMRS and l′∈{0,1} for double-symbol DMRS, is the TD-OCC. DMRS ports in different CDM groups are separated by different offsets and DMRS ports within the same CDM group are separated through coding.
From the transmitter perspective, the number of DMRS ports used for PUSCH transmission coincides with the transmission rank, i.e., one DMRS port per transmitted layer. The DMRS port mapping is signaled to the UE from the gNB via DCI. Table 3 and Table 4 show an example of such an indication for DCI 0_1, CP-OFDM, single-symbol DMRS type 1, and for transmission rank 1 and 2, respectively. Similar tables can be found in 3GPP 38.212 for rank 3 and 4, double-symbol DMRS, and for DMRS type 2. Resource elements that are associated with a CDM group that are not used for DMRS can be used for PUSCH. After layer mapping, the DMRS and the associated PUSCH are mapped to physical antennas through precoding.
DMRS for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is a downlink reference signal used for demodulating PDSCH. It is the downlink counterpart to DMRS for PUSCH and is similar, e.g., in terms of RRC configuration and port mapping to DMRS for PUSCH except it is only supported for CP-OFDM (because DFT-S-OFDM is not supported in the downlink of NR).
There currently exist certain challenges. For example, in current NR specifications, a maximum of 8 or 12 orthogonal DMRS ports are supported for type 1 and type 2 DMRS, respectively (this holds for both PUSCH in the uplink and for PDSCH in the downlink).
For multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO), where several UEs are scheduled simultaneously, the maximum number of orthogonal DMRS has been identified as a limiting factor, because at most 8 or 12 layers can be scheduled simultaneously unless non-orthogonal DMRS ports are used (which results in degraded channel-estimation performance compared to orthogonal DMRS).
In addition, support for 8 or 12 orthogonal DMRS ports uses double-symbol DMRS, which increases the DM-RS overhead compared to single-symbol DMRS (for which the number of ports is at most 4 or 6 ports). Thus, even though more UEs can simultaneously be scheduled with double-symbol DMRS compared to single-symbol DMRS, there may be a net loss in capacity because the DMRS overhead is doubled. Therefore, a problem is how to increase the number of orthogonal DMRS ports without increasing the DMRS overhead.
As described above, certain challenges currently exist with increasing the number of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports. Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges.
Particular embodiments include radio resource control (RRC) configuration and signaling for supporting an increased (e.g., doubled) number of orthogonal DMRS ports in New Radio (NR) uplink and downlink, which enables increased spatial multiplexing (i.e., supporting more simultaneous transmission layers). Specifically, the number of orthogonal DMRS ports is increased through enhanced frequency-domain (real-valued or complex-valued) coding. Particular embodiments include updated RRC configuration for DMRS, including a new field for specifying a longer (e.g., length-4 or length-6) FD-OCC (or a number (larger than 2) of cyclic shifts). A gNB may signal dynamically (e.g., via downlink control information (DCI)) to the UE that an enhanced frequency-domain code is in use, which enables the UE to, e.g., correctly transmit DMRS for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in the uplink (e.g., how to map DMRS ports to transmission layers) and correctly receive DMRS for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in the downlink (e.g., how to combine the received DMRS signal and demodulate PDSCH).
In general, an increased number of DMRS ports is supported through enhanced frequency-domain coding (e.g., by using a longer real/complex-valued FD-OCC or using more than two cyclic shifts). The UE receives signaling from the gNB indicating that a larger number of (i.e., more than in current NR specification) orthogonal DMRS ports (e.g., more than 2 DMRS ports per CDM group for single-symbol DMRS) is configured. For example, up to 4, 6, or 8 orthogonal DM-RS ports per CDM group for single-symbol DMRS.
Configuration and signaling includes RRC configuration to enable use of more orthogonal DMRS ports, including the configured number of orthogonal DMRS ports per CDM group and dynamic signaling (e.g., a new field in DCI) indicating whether a UE shall use/assume legacy or updated number of orthogonal DMRS ports when transmitting PUSCH and/or receiving PDSCH.
To ensure orthogonal DMRS ports, valid DMRS configurations may be dependent on the scheduled PDSCH/PUSCH bandwidth or DMRS may not be mapped to all subcarriers within the scheduled bandwidth, or receiver is assumed to not process all subcarriers.
To facilitate new DMRS ports, NR specifications may be updated with new formulas for DMRS sequence generation and new parameters for DMRS type 1 and 2.
According to some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device comprises obtaining an indication that a DMRS is based on a FD-OCC of length greater than two (e.g., 4, 6, or 8) and transmitting or receiving a number of DMRS based on the frequency domain coding.
In particular embodiments, the FD-OCC comprises a real-valued code (e.g., Hadamard) or a complex-valued code (e.g., cyclic shifts).
In particular embodiments, a DMRS sequence length is an integer multiple of the length of the FD-OCC.
In particular embodiments, a DMRS is not mapped to subcarriers at either one or both edges of a scheduled transmission bandwidth.
In particular embodiments, the DMRS is one DMRS of a plurality of DMRS and each DMRS of the plurality of DMRS is associated with a different cyclic shift. Each DMRS of the plurality of DMRS may be associated with a FD-OCC and a length of each of the FD-OCC may vary among DMRS.
According to some embodiments, a wireless device comprises processing circuitry operable to perform any of the wireless device methods described above.
Also disclosed is a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer readable program code, the computer readable program code operable, when executed by processing circuitry to perform any of the methods performed by the wireless device described above.
According to some embodiments, a method performed by a network node comprises transmitting an indication to a wireless device that a DMRS is based on a FD-OCC of length greater than two and transmitting or receiving a number of DMRS based on the frequency domain coding.
According to some embodiments, a network node comprises processing circuitry operable to perform any of the network node methods described above.
Another computer program product comprises a non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer readable program code, the computer readable program code operable, when executed by processing circuitry to perform any of the methods performed by the network node described above.
Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. For example, particular embodiments support more orthogonal DMRS ports in NR without increasing DMRS overhead, which can increase the capacity for downlink and/or uplink MU-MIMO because more UEs can be served simultaneously.
For a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and their features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
As described above, certain challenges currently exist with increasing the number of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports. Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges.
Particular embodiments include radio resource control (RRC) configuration and signaling for supporting an increased (e.g., doubled) number of orthogonal DMRS ports in New Radio (NR) uplink and downlink, which enables increased spatial multiplexing (i.e., supporting more simultaneous transmission layers). Specifically, the number of orthogonal DMRS ports is increased through enhanced frequency-domain (real-valued or complex-valued) coding. Particular embodiments include updated RRC configuration for DMRS, including a new field for specifying a longer (e.g., length-4 or length-6) FD-OCC (or a number (larger than 2) of cyclic shifts). A gNB may signal dynamically (e.g., via downlink control information (DCI)) to the UE that an enhanced frequency-domain code is in use, which enables the UE to, e.g., correctly transmit DMRS for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in the uplink (e.g., how to map DMRS ports to transmission layers) and correctly receive DMRS for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in the downlink (e.g., how to combine the received DMRS signal and demodulate PDSCH).
Particular embodiments are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
Particular embodiments include updated DMRS physical-resource mapping and port-specific parameters to support an increased number of DMRS ports. In some embodiments, the length of the DMRS FD-OCC used to separate DMRS ports in the same CDM group is increased.
Some embodiments include a length-4 FD-OCC. The length of the FD-OCC may be 4 (compared to 2 in NR Rel-16, see, e.g., Table 1. For example, a length-4 real-valued (and binary) code is used. Table 5 provides one example of updated parameters for DMRS type 1 for PUSCH. In some embodiments, a length-4 complex-valued code is used. Table 6 provides one example of updated parameters for DMRS type 1 for PUSCH.
As shown in Tables 5 and 6, increasing the length of the FD-OCC to 4 results in a doubling of the number of DMRS ports. This holds for both DMRS type 1 and type 2. For example, the number of ports for single-symbol DMRS type 1 is increased from 4 to 8 and the number of ports for double-symbol DMRS type 1 is increased from 8 to 16.
Tables 5 and 6 are two examples of how such new tables may look in a future NR specification.
To support an increased number of DMRS ports, the mapping of DMRS to physical resources needs to be updated in NR specifications. For example, in particular embodiments the DMRS sequence is mapped to the following subcarriers (for DFT-S-OFDM, only DMRS type 1 is supported):
Thus, n∈{0, 1, 2, . . . } (as in current NR specification) and k′∈{0,1,2,3}.
Note from
If using the DMRS parameters in Table 5 (i.e., a real-valued FD-OCC), the new ports cannot be separated through time-domain windowing after computing an IDFT (it is, however, possible if a DCT transform is used instead of an IDFT transform). Therefore, in some embodiments a complex-valued code may be slightly preferred over a real-valued code.
For DMRS ports within a CDM group to be mutually orthogonal, the sequence length is an integer multiple of the FD-OCC code. For DMRS type 2, for which the sequence length is a multiple of 4, this is the case. For DMRS type 1, for which the sequence length is a multiple of 6, however, the PUSCH bandwidth should be a multiple of 2 RBs.
To ensure orthogonal DMRS ports, in some embodiments, the scheduled transmission bandwidth is such that the resulting DMRS sequence length is an integer multiple of the length of the FD-OCC. Thus, in some embodiments, a rule limits the scheduling bandwidth for PDSCH and/or PUSCH to be an even number of RBs when the new extended DMRS coding is applied and when DMRS type 1 is configured.
To ensure orthogonal DMRS ports, in some embodiments, DMRS is not mapped to subcarriers within the CDM group at either one or both edges of the scheduled transmission bandwidth. For example, for DMRS type 1, if NRB=5 RBs, the last two subcarriers within the scheduled transmission bandwidth does not contain DMRS, such that L1=28 samples, which is a multiple of 4.
In some embodiments, all PUSCH bandwidths are allowed, and DMRS is mapped to all subcarriers within the CDM group. The receiver (e.g., the gNB in the uplink or the UE in the downlink) ignores subcarriers at either one or both edges of the scheduled transmission bandwidth.
Some embodiments include configuration of cyclic shifts instead of an FD-OCC. Observe from, e.g., Table 5 or
Some embodiments include length-6 (or longer) FD-OCC. In some embodiments, a length-6 FD-OCC code can be configured instead of (or combined with) a length-4 FD-OCC. If the length of the FD-OCC is 6, the number of ports for single-symbol DMRS type 1 is increased from 4 to 12 and the number of ports for double-symbol DMRS type 1 is increased from 8 to 24.
In some embodiments, the length-6 FD-OCC code is such that the weights are equivalent to cyclic shifts 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 300°. The DMRS ports corresponding to these embodiments are shown (after IDFT) in
In some embodiments, the FD-OCC code is of length 8 or longer. In particular embodiments, the FD-OCC contains codewords that correspond to cyclic shifts that are integer multiples of 360°/LC, where LC is the length of the FD-OCC.
While most of the above examples are described with respect to DMRS type 1, the embodiments include DMRS type 2 as well. Furthermore, particular embodiments include DMRS for PDSCH as well as DMRS for PUSCH.
Some embodiments include RRC configuration. In particular embodiments, the new DMRS design (i.e., with more DMRS ports) in NR Rel-18 is configured in RRC by the gNB and signaled to the UE. In some embodiments, whether more DMRS ports are supported depends on signaled UE capability.
Particular embodiments include a new field in DMRS-UplinkConfig for DMRS for PUSCH (and/or DMRS-DownlinkConfig for DMRS for PDSCH) that indicates that an extended number of DMRS ports should be used for downlink DMRS and/or uplink DMRS. An example of the RRC field is included in the ASN below:
If the parameter dmrs-ExtendedNrOfPorts-r18 is configured, the UE assumes that DMRS with an extended number of DMRS ports (i.e., using a longer FD-OCC) should be used for PUSCH.
In some embodiments, the UE may associate bits in DCI field related to DMRS port mapping in, e.g., DCI Format 0_1 to a new set of tables instead of those currently specified in Tables 7.3.1.1.2 in 3GPP 38.212. In particular embodiments, some of the tables may be re-used, or some of the tables are re-used but extended with new additional codepoints (i.e., additional port numbers) adapted to the new extended DMRS configuration.
In some embodiments, the length of the FD-OCC is configurable through a new RRC field. An example of the RRC field is included in the ASN below:
If the parameter dmrs-ExtendedFreqCode-r18 is set to len4, the UE assumes that DMRS with a length-4 FD-OCC is used. If it is set to len6, the UE assumes that DMRS with a length-6 FD-OCC is used.
Note that different UEs, served by the same gNB, may use FD-OCCs of different lengths, and still have orthogonal DM-RS ports.
Some embodiments include dynamic signaling. In embodiments for PUSCH, the new Rel-18 DMRS should only be used as PUSCH DMRS for some scheduling cases. In other cases, the PUSCH DMRS may use the Rel-15 legacy DMRS, even if the Rel-18 DMRS is enabled for the UE. Those cases may be when PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1 or 0_2, or in case of a PUSCH transmission with a configured grant. In addition, the new Rel-18 DMRS may be used as PUSCH DMRS when PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0 with the CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, or CS-RNTI.
In embodiments for PDSCH, the new Rel-18 DMRS may only be used as PDSCH DMRS for some scheduling cases. In other cases, the PDSCH DMRS may use the Rel-15 legacy DMRS, even if the Rel-18 DMRS is enabled for the UE. Those cases may be when PDSCH is scheduled by PDCCH using DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 with the CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, or CS-RNTI, or the PDSCH is scheduled by PDCCH using DCI format 1_0 with the CRC scrambled by C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, or CS-RNTI.
In some embodiments, which may be combined with the “rules” above, the scheduling DCI contains information on which DMRS release should be used for PUSCH DMRS or assumed for PDSCH DMRS. If MU-MIMO scheduling with a legacy UE within the same CDM group is used, then it may in some cases be useful to dynamically switch to Rel-15 DMRS, to maintain orthogonality. If MU-MIMO scheduling with a Rel-18 UE within same CDM group is used and where the co-scheduled UE also have Rel-18 DMRS enabled, then it may be useful to use the new Rel-18 DMRS, to maintain orthogonality while at the same time increase the DMRS capacity
Network 106 may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet data networks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.
Network node 160 and WD 110 comprise various components described in more detail below. These components work together to provide network node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, the wireless network may comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the wireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to the wireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration) in the wireless network.
Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and may then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.
A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Yet further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs.
As another example, a network node may be a virtual network node as described in more detail below. More generally, however, network nodes may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network.
In
It is to be understood that a network node comprises any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Moreover, while the components of network node 160 are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, a network node may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g., device readable medium 180 may comprise multiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAM modules).
Similarly, network node 160 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which network node 160 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeB's. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node.
In some embodiments, network node 160 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium 180 for the different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna 162 may be shared by the RATs). Network node 160 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 160, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 160.
Processing circuitry 170 is configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry 170 may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 170 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
Processing circuitry 170 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 160 components, such as device readable medium 180, network node 160 functionality.
For example, processing circuitry 170 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 180 or in memory within processing circuitry 170. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may include a system on a chip (SOC).
In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units
In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB, gNB or other such network device may be performed by processing circuitry 170 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 180 or memory within processing circuitry 170. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 170 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 170 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 170 alone or to other components of network node 160 but are enjoyed by network node 160 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
Device readable medium 180 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry 170. Device readable medium 180 may store any suitable instructions, data or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 170 and, utilized by network node 160. Device readable medium 180 may be used to store any calculations made by processing circuitry 170 and/or any data received via interface 190. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 and device readable medium 180 may be considered to be integrated.
Interface 190 is used in the wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between network node 160, network 106, and/or WDs 110. As illustrated, interface 190 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 194 to send and receive data, for example to and from network 106 over a wired connection. Interface 190 also includes radio front end circuitry 192 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna 162.
Radio front end circuitry 192 comprises filters 198 and amplifiers 196. Radio front end circuitry 192 may be connected to antenna 162 and processing circuitry 170. Radio front end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 162 and processing circuitry 170. Radio front end circuitry 192 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 192 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 198 and/or amplifiers 196. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 162. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 162 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 192. The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry 170. In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
In certain alternative embodiments, network node 160 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 192, instead, processing circuitry 170 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 162 without separate radio front end circuitry 192. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 172 may be considered a part of interface 190. In still other embodiments, interface 190 may include one or more ports or terminals 194, radio front end circuitry 192, and RF transceiver circuitry 172, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface 190 may communicate with baseband processing circuitry 174, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).
Antenna 162 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna 162 may be coupled to radio front end circuitry 192 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In some embodiments, antenna 162 may comprise one or more omni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni-directional antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sector antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna may be a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna 162 may be separate from network node 160 and may be connectable to network node 160 through an interface or port.
Antenna 162, interface 190, and/or processing circuitry 170 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna 162, interface 190, and/or processing circuitry 170 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
Power circuitry 187 may comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry and is configured to supply the components of network node 160 with power for performing the functionality described herein. Power circuitry 187 may receive power from power source 186. Power source 186 and/or power circuitry 187 may be configured to provide power to the various components of network node 160 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). Power source 186 may either be included in, or external to, power circuitry 187 and/or network node 160.
For example, network node 160 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry 187. As a further example, power source 186 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry 187. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used.
Alternative embodiments of network node 160 may include additional components beyond those shown in
As used herein, wireless device (WD) refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise noted, the term WD may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE). Communicating wirelessly may involve transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through air.
In some embodiments, a WD may be configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the network.
Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VOIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless cameras, a gaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback appliance, a wearable terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), a laptop-mounted equipment (LME), a smart device, a wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, etc. A WD may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and may in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device.
As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node. The WD may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one example, the WD may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.).
In other scenarios, a WD may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above may represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD as described above may be mobile, in which case it may also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.
As illustrated, wireless device 110 includes antenna 111, interface 114, processing circuitry 120, device readable medium 130, user interface equipment 132, auxiliary equipment 134, power source 136 and power circuitry 137. WD 110 may include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by WD 110, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or set of chips as other components within WD 110.
Antenna 111 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface 114. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna 111 may be separate from WD 110 and be connectable to WD 110 through an interface or port. Antenna 111, interface 114, and/or processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a network node and/or another WD. In some embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna 111 may be considered an interface.
As illustrated, interface 114 comprises radio front end circuitry 112 and antenna 111. Radio front end circuitry 112 comprise one or more filters 118 and amplifiers 116. Radio front end circuitry 112 is connected to antenna 111 and processing circuitry 120 and is configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 111 and processing circuitry 120. Radio front end circuitry 112 may be coupled to or a part of antenna 111. In some embodiments, WD 110 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 112; rather, processing circuitry 120 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 111. Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be considered a part of interface 114.
Radio front end circuitry 112 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 112 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 118 and/or amplifiers 116. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 111. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 111 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 112. The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry 120. In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
Processing circuitry 120 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide, cither alone or in conjunction with other WD 110 components, such as device readable medium 130, WD 110 functionality. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry 120 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 130 or in memory within processing circuitry 120 to provide the functionality disclosed herein.
As illustrated, processing circuitry 120 includes one or more of RF transceiver circuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, and application processing circuitry 126. In other embodiments, the processing circuitry may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry 120 of WD 110 may comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, and application processing circuitry 126 may be on separate chips or sets of chips.
In alternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry 124 and application processing circuitry 126 may be combined into one chip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 122 and baseband processing circuitry 124 may be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processing circuitry 126 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet other alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, and application processing circuitry 126 may be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be a part of interface 114. RF transceiver circuitry 122 may condition RF signals for processing circuitry 120.
In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by a WD may be provided by processing circuitry 120 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 130, which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 120 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.
In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 120 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 120 alone or to other components of WD 110, but are enjoyed by WD 110, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
Processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, as performed by processing circuitry 120, may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 120 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by WD 110, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
Device readable medium 130 may be operable to store a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 120. Device readable medium 130 may include computer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry 120. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 120 and device readable medium 130 may be integrated.
User interface equipment 132 may provide components that allow for a human user to interact with WD 110. Such interaction may be of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment 132 may be operable to produce output to the user and to allow the user to provide input to WD 110. The type of interaction may vary depending on the type of user interface equipment 132 installed in WD 110. For example, if WD 110 is a smart phone, the interaction may be via a touch screen; if WD 110 is a smart meter, the interaction may be through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected).
User interface equipment 132 may include input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interface equipment 132 is configured to allow input of information into WD 110 and is connected to processing circuitry 120 to allow processing circuitry 120 to process the input information. User interface equipment 132 may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment 132 is also configured to allow output of information from WD 110, and to allow processing circuitry 120 to output information from WD 110. User interface equipment 132 may include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of user interface equipment 132, WD 110 may communicate with end users and/or the wireless network and allow them to benefit from the functionality described herein.
Auxiliary equipment 134 is operable to provide more specific functionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This may comprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wired communications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary equipment 134 may vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.
Power source 136 may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or power cells, may also be used. WD 110 may further comprise power circuitry 137 for delivering power from power source 136 to the various parts of WD 110 which need power from power source 136 to carry out any functionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry 137 may in certain embodiments comprise power management circuitry.
Power circuitry 137 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in which case WD 110 may be connectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power circuitry 137 may also in certain embodiments be operable to deliver power from an external power source to power source 136. This may be, for example, for the charging of power source 136. Power circuitry 137 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from power source 136 to make the power suitable for the respective components of WD 110 to which power is supplied.
Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wireless network, such as the example wireless network illustrated in
In
In
Data may be information in a form suitable for use by a computer.
In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface 205 may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device. UE 200 may be configured to use an output device via input/output interface 205.
An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from UE 200. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof.
UE 200 may be configured to use an input device via input/output interface 205 to allow a user to capture information into UE 200. The input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor.
In
RAM 217 may be configured to interface via bus 202 to processing circuitry 201 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 219 may be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry 201. For example, ROM 219 may be configured to store invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory.
Storage medium 221 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives. In one example, storage medium 221 may be configured to include operating system 223, application program 225 such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application, and data file 227. Storage medium 221 may store, for use by UE 200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
Storage medium 221 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 221 may allow UE 200 to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied in storage medium 221, which may comprise a device readable medium.
In
In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of communication subsystem 231 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, communication subsystem 231 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. Network 243b may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network 243b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-field network. Power source 213 may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE 200.
The features, benefits and/or functions described herein may be implemented in one of the components of UE 200 or partitioned across multiple components of UE 200. Further, the features, benefits, and/or functions described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem 231 may be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to communicate with any of such components over bus 202. In another example, any of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry 201 perform the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any of such components may be partitioned between processing circuitry 201 and communication subsystem 231. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
The method may begin at step 912, where the wireless device (e.g., wireless device 110) obtains an indication that a DMRS is based on a FD-OCC of length greater than two (e.g., 4, 6, or 8).
The FD-OCC length may be extended in various ways. In particular embodiments, the FD-OCC comprises a real-valued code (e.g., Hadamard) or a complex-valued code (e.g., cyclic shifts).
In particular embodiments, a DMRS sequence length is an integer multiple of the length of the FD-OCC.
In particular embodiments, a DMRS is not mapped to subcarriers at either one or both edges of a scheduled transmission bandwidth.
In particular embodiments, the DMRS is one DMRS of a plurality of DMRS and each DMRS of the plurality of DMRS is associated with a different cyclic shift. Each DMRS of the plurality of DMRS may be associated with a FD-OCC and a length of each of the FD-OCC may vary among DMRS.
The wireless device may extend the FDD-OCC according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein. The wireless device may obtain the indication according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein.
At step 914, the wireless device transmits (e.g., uplink) or receiving (e.g., downlink) a number of DMRS based on the frequency domain coding. The wireless device may transmit or receive the DMRS according to any of the embodiments and examples described herein.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 900 of
The method begins at step 1012, where the network node (e.g., network node 160) transmits an indication to a wireless device that a DMRS is based on a FD-OCC of length greater than two. The FDC-OCC is described with respect to
At step 1014, the network node transmits (e.g., downlink) or receives (e.g., uplink) a number of DMRS based on the frequency domain coding.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 1000 of
Virtual apparatuses 1600 and 1700 may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments.
In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause receiving module 1602, determining module 1604, transmitting module 1606, and any other suitable units of apparatus 1600 to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Similarly, the processing circuitry described above may be used to cause receiving module 1702, determining module 1704, transmitting module 1706, and any other suitable units of apparatus 1700 to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments 300 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes 330. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node may be entirely virtualized.
The functions may be implemented by one or more applications 320 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications 320 are run in virtualization environment 300 which provides hardware 330 comprising processing circuitry 360 and memory 390. Memory 390 contains instructions 395 executable by processing circuitry 360 whereby application 320 is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.
Virtualization environment 300, comprises general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices 330 comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry 360, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device may comprise memory 390-1 which may be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 395 or software executed by processing circuitry 360. Each hardware device may comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 370, also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface 380. Each hardware device may also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media 390-2 having stored therein software 395 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry 360. Software 395 may include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers 350 (also referred to as hypervisors), software to execute virtual machines 340 as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
Virtual machines 340, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 350 or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance 320 may be implemented on one or more of virtual machines 340, and the implementations may be made in different ways.
During operation, processing circuitry 360 executes software 395 to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 350, which may sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Virtualization layer 350 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine 340.
As shown in
Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high-volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
In the context of NFV, virtual machine 340 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtual machines 340, and that part of hardware 330 that executes that virtual machine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/or hardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtual machines 340, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).
Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more virtual machines 340 on top of hardware networking infrastructure 330 and corresponds to application 320 in
In some embodiments, one or more radio units 3200 that each include one or more transmitters 3220 and one or more receivers 3210 may be coupled to one or more antennas 3225. Radio units 3200 may communicate directly with hardware nodes 330 via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.
In some embodiments, some signaling can be effected with the use of control system 3230 which may alternatively be used for communication between the hardware nodes 330 and radio units 3200.
With reference to
Telecommunication network 410 is itself connected to host computer 430, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm. Host computer 430 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 421 and 422 between telecommunication network 410 and host computer 430 may extend directly from core network 414 to host computer 430 or may go via an optional intermediate network 420. Intermediate network 420 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network 420, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network 420 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).
The communication system of
Communication system 500 further includes base station 520 provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware 525 enabling it to communicate with host computer 510 and with UE 530. Hardware 525 may include communication interface 526 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system 500, as well as radio interface 527 for setting up and maintaining at least wireless connection 570 with UE 530 located in a coverage area (not shown in
Communication system 500 further includes UE 530 already referred to. Its hardware 535 may include radio interface 537 configured to set up and maintain wireless connection 570 with a base station serving a coverage area in which UE 530 is currently located. Hardware 535 of UE 530 further includes processing circuitry 538, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. UE 530 further comprises software 531, which is stored in or accessible by UE 530 and executable by processing circuitry 538. Software 531 includes client application 532. Client application 532 may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 530, with the support of host computer 510. In host computer 510, an executing host application 512 may communicate with the executing client application 532 via OTT connection 550 terminating at UE 530 and host computer 510. In providing the service to the user, client application 532 may receive request data from host application 512 and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection 550 may transfer both the request data and the user data. Client application 532 may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.
It is noted that host computer 510, base station 520 and UE 530 illustrated in
In
Wireless connection 570 between UE 530 and base station 520 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE 530 using OTT connection 550, in which wireless connection 570 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the signaling overhead and reduce latency, and thereby provide benefits such as reduced user waiting time, better responsiveness and extended battery life.
A measurement procedure may be provided for monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 550 between host computer 510 and UE 530, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 550 may be implemented in software 511 and hardware 515 of host computer 510 or in software 531 and hardware 535 of UE 530, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which OTT connection 550 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software 511, 531 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection 550 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station 520, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to base station 520. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer 510's measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that software 511 and 531 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTT connection 550 while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.
In step 610, the host computer provides user data. In substep 611 (which may be optional) of step 610, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 620, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step 630 (which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 640 (which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.
In step 710 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional substep (not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 720, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 730 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.
In step 810 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally, or alternatively, in step 820, the UE provides user data. In substep 821 (which may be optional) of step 820, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In substep 811 (which may be optional) of step 810, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE initiates, in substep 830 (which may be optional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step 840 of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
In step 910 (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step 920 (which may be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step 930 (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.
The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems and apparatuses disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The components of the systems and apparatuses may be integrated or separated. Moreover, the operations of the systems and apparatuses may be performed by more, fewer, or other components. Additionally, operations of the systems and apparatuses may be performed using any suitable logic comprising software, hardware, and/or other logic. As used in this document, “each” refers to each member of a set or each member of a subset of a set.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the methods disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The methods may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in any suitable order.
The foregoing description sets forth numerous specific details. It is understood, however, that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of this description. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the included descriptions, will be able to implement appropriate functionality without undue experimentation.
References in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an example embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.
Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodiments, alterations and permutations of the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the above description of the embodiments does not constrain this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from the scope of this disclosure, as defined by the claims below.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2022/058126 | 8/30/2022 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63238273 | Aug 2021 | US |
