Patent Application
20050191158
The present invention relates to systems for the incremental conveying of solid material for transfer between adjacent locations and for the incremental compaction of loose polymorphous material for the purposes of minimizing costs of storage, transportation or disposal.
Compaction of loose material is desirable in many industries and for many different reasons. Generally the process includes some form of a confining volume into which the material is deposited with a subsequent mechanical means of decreasing that volume.
In a particular application, that of waste management, the confining volume may take the form of an elongate generally rectangular section container having a moveable urging structure at one end. Waste matter is introduced into the container following which hydraulic rams cause the urging structure to be moved along a part of the length of the container, driving the material into a compacted mass against a discharge gate. Once compacted, the mass may be ejected from the forward end of the container structure by a further movement of the rams, for example into a transport vehicle.
A feature of such compaction systems is the need for very long hydraulic rams. These then have to be of telescopic multi stage construction and of large diameter to ensure sufficient power towards the end of the compaction stroke, where the load tends to a maximum. These requirements in turn demand very large hydraulic power systems making compactors of this type very expensive and generally beyond the reach of small isolated communities.
Generally the discharge of the compacted material is into a transport vehicle for subsequent transfer to a waste disposal or recycling site at which point the material has to be removed from the transport vehicle.
One known method is that of hydraulically jacking the container portion of the vehicle to a sufficient angle to allow the material to be ejected under the force of gravity. Particularly at soft surface land-fill sites this entails a danger of the vehicle tipping over side-ways as its center of gravity is raised during the jacking process.
Another known method is by means of a so-called walking floor fitted to the vehicle in which a series of hydraulically articulated rails cover the floor of the vehicle. These are bulky, very complex, expensive and heavy devices with high wear rates and maintenance costs, adding significantly to the cost of waste management.
In general the conveying of solid material or objects into and out of a transport vehicle is generally a time consuming operation often involving piecemeal retrieval of one object at a time from its pre-loading position to a position in the transport vehicle. Particularly in the case of palletized materials, the usual method is by means of a fork-truck or similar equipment. This imposes limitations on the type of vehicle which can be used, generally requiring a vehicle with side-loading capability. This requires considerable adjacent space, which may be a scarce and expensive commodity at city loading docks for example.
It is an object of the present invention to address or ameliorate at least one of the above disadvantages.
Accordingly, in ore broad form of the invention there is provided an incremental material urging system comprising:
Preferably said container structure includes;
Preferably said material urging structure is incrementally retracted by said activating means from said discharge end to said rear end of said container structure,
Preferably said activating means are disposed along each side wall of said container structure and wherein said activating means operate substantially in unison.
Preferably the material urging structure is a close sliding fit within said container structure, said material urging structure adapted to slide on the surface of said floor sub-structure.
Preferably each of said side wall substructures is provided with a slot extending substantially along the length of said wall substructure, said slot providing a separation between an upper and a lower portion of internal wall sheeting.
Preferably said material urging structure is provided on each side of said structure with a projecting lug, each one of said lugs projecting through one of said slots.
Preferably each of said slots is co-linear with a rail system said rail system adapted to support and guide a reciprocating beam.
Preferably said reciprocating beam is provided with a plurality of thrust assemblies, said thrust assemblies disposed at substantially equal intervals along the length of said beam, between a forward end and a rear end of said beam.
Preferably each of said thrust assemblies includes;
Preferably said double ended pawl is rotatable about said pawl pivot shaft by said pawl actuator means from a first forward thrusting position to a second rearward thrusting position.
Preferably said pawl actuator means is a linear actuator.
Preferably each of said double ended pawls is rotated by a linear actuator; said actuator pivotally connected at a first end to one end of said double ended pawls and at a second end to said reciprocating beam.
Preferably each of said double ended pawls is provided with a pawl control bracket, said bracket supporting a control pivot shaft.
Preferably each of said control pivot shafts is pivotally connected to a common control arm, said control arm being pivotally connected at an outer end to a linear actuator and wherein said actuator is pivotally connected to said reciprocating beam.
Preferably each one of said double ended pawls is adapted to thrust against the rearward facing side of said projecting lug when said double ended pawl is in said forward thrusting position and to thrust against the forward facing side of said projecting lug when said double ended pawl is in a rearward thrusting position.
Preferably that portion of a first pawl of said double ended pawls adapted to thrust against said projecting lug presents a vertical outer surface when set in said thrusting position; the second pawl then rotated to a position precluding potential contact with said projecting lug.
Preferably the opposite face of each of said pawls of said double ended pawls is a sloping face, said sloping faces intersecting an the bisector of the double ended pawls so as to form a shallow “V” shaped space and where the sloping opposite face of that pawl set to a thrusting position is adapted to impart a turning moment to said pawls when impacting on said projecting lug while said pawl actuator is deactivated.
Preferably said double ended pawls may be rotated when impacted by a said sloping face to a position about said pivot shaft such that said projecting lug is able to pass said thrust assembly.
Preferably said reciprocating beam is urged into reciprocating motion by an hydraulic ram pivotally connected at a first end of said ram to said reciprocating beam and at a second end of said ram to said container structure.
Preferably said reciprocating beam is fitted at its forward outer and with an initial retraction thrust block and at its rear outer end with an initial advance thrust block.
Preferably when said material urging structure is in a fully retracted first position at said rear end of said container structure and said hydraulic ram is retracted, said projecting lug is located between said initial advance thrust block and the first thrust assembly located nearest said rear end of said reciprocating beam.
Preferably the sequence of said material urging structure activating means for a first forward movement of said material urging structure comprises the steps of:
Preferably subsequent forward increments of said material urging structure comprise the steps of:
Preferably, when said material urging structure is in a fully advanced position at said forward end of said container structure and said hydraulic ram is extended, said projecting lug is located between said initial retract thrust block and the thrust assembly located nearest said forward end of said reciprocating beam.
Preferably the sequence for a first rearward movement of said material urging structure comprises the steps of:
Preferably subsequent rearward increments of said material urging structure comprise the steps of:
Preferably said urging system is adapted to the compaction of refuse.
Preferably said roof is provided with an openable aperture for the introduction of refuse into said container structure.
Preferably said closure means is in the form of a discharge gate, said gate adapted to provide a reaction surface for the compaction of said refuse between said discharge gate and said material urging structure.
Preferably said container structure is provided with an intermediate openable gate positioned between said discharge gate and said openable aperture in said root, said intermediate gate adapted to provide a reaction surface for the compaction of refuse between said intermediate gate and said material urging structure.
Preferably said container structure is provided with a plurality of articulated compaction devices; said devices supported by hinges along said sides of said container structure; said devices acting through apertures in said sides to intrude into a volume of refuse contained in said container structure.
Preferably said articulated compaction devices are hinged from said roof of said container structure; said compaction devices acting through apertures in said roof.
Preferably said container structure is provided with at least one articulated section of said floor; said floor section adapted to rise vertically within said container structure to provide compaction force on a volume of refuse.
Preferably said container structure is provided with at least one articulated section of said roof; said roof section adapted to descend vertically within said container structure to provide compaction force on a volume of refuse.
Preferably said urging system is adapted to the transfer of a compacted volume of refuse from said container structure into a transport vehicle.
Preferably said system is adapted to the retrofitting of said system to existing refuse transfer stations.
Preferably said system is adapted to the reduction in volume of any compactable material.
Preferably said system is adapted to the discharge of material from a transport vehicle, the load container of said vehicle forming a container structure.
In a further broad form of the invention there is provided an incremental material urging system comprising:
Preferably said material urging structure includes a substantially vertical surface adapted to act against moveable load objects.
Preferably said urging structure incrementing means include:
Preferably said linear actuator is attached at a first end to a rear portion of said urging structure and at a second end to a said rail clamping mechanism; said linear actuator lying substantially in the vertical plane through said guide element.
Preferably said clamping mechanism comprises a clamping caliper provided with gripping pads adapted to apply frictional force to each side of said guide element.
Preferably said linear actuator is an hydraulic ram.
Preferably said clamping caliper is activated by an hydraulic ram.
Preferably an increment of said urging structure for the purpose of advancing said load objects along said floor structure is effected by the steps of:
Preferably an increment of said urging structure for the purpose of retracting said urging structure is effected by the steps of:
Preferably said guide element is a rail.
Preferably said guide element is a channel let into said floor structure.
In yet a further broad form of the invention there is provided an incremental material urging system comprising;
Preferably said material urging structure is supported on said rail elements by friction reducing means.
Preferably said material urging structure is supported by said floor structure by friction reducing means.
Preferably said floor structure is provided with material urging structure arresting means.
Preferably said arresting means are comprised of a plurality of vertical articulated pins disposed in pairs transverse to said rail elements and at intervals along the length of said rail elements equivalent to the stroke length of said actuator, said pins adapted to move between a first retracted position flush with said floor and a. second extended position projecting from said floor.
Preferably said material urging structure is provided. with friction pads, said pads adapted to be driven downwardly relative to said urging structure so as to provide friction sufficient to arrest said structure at an incremented position.
In yet a further broad form of the invention there is provided a method for the compaction and transfer to a refuse transport means of a volume of refuse, said method including the steps of:
In yet a further broad form of the invention there is provided a method for the removal of material from the container structure of a transport vehicle, said method including the steps of:
In yet a further broad for of the invention there is provided an incremental compaction system comprising:
Preferably said compactor blade structure is incrementally retracted from said second end to said first end of said container structure.
Preferably said container structure includes;
Preferably the compactor blade structure is a close sliding fit within said container structure, said compactor blade structure adapted to slide on the surface of said floor sub-structure.
Preferably said wall sub-structures include vertical and horizontal frame members.
Preferably said wall sub-structures include wall sheeting supported internally on said frame members.
Preferably said wall sheeting is arranged in a substantially equal upper portion and substantially equal lower portion, said upper and lower portions being separated so as to form a horizontal slot between the bottom edge of said upper portion and the top edge of said lower portion.
Preferably the outside edges adjoining said slot between said upper portion and said lower portion of said wall sheeting, are supported by horizontal frame members.
Preferably said vertical frame members and horizontal frame members of said wall sub-structure are combined to form an upper frame structure and a lower frame structure adapted to support said upper portion and said lower portion of said wall sheeting.
Preferably the vertical frame members of said upper frame structure and said lower frame structure are rigidly joined together by outwardly arching frame joining webs.
Preferably two longitudinal rail members are disposed side by side between said upper frame structure and the inside of said frame joining webs, the first of said longitudinal rail member being fixed to said frame structure and the second of said longitudinal rail member being fixed to said frame joining webs so as to form a vertical slot between adjoining sides of said rail members.
Preferably said longitudinal rail members are square or rectangular section steel tubing.
Preferably the upper, lower and opposing surfaces of said longitudinal rail members are provided with bearing strip material.
Preferably said longitudinal rail members and said bearing strip material slidably support and guide the inside surfaces of an I-beam, oriented such that the central web of said I-beam hangs between said longitudinal rail members.
Preferably said I-beam is provided with a plurality of thrust assemblies attached at substantially equal intervals along the underside of the lower cross piece of said I-beam.
Preferably each of said thrust assemblies includes;
Preferably said housing is a substantially rectangular box-shaped structure open at its underside with said pawl pivot shaft supported in apertures in two opposite sides of said housing.
Preferably said double ended pawl is retained on said pivot shaft within said assembly housing such that in a first position of said pawl, a first end of the pawl projects from the underside of said housing and in a second position the second end of the pawl projects from the underside of said housing.
Preferably said first position of said pawl is urged by a first operating mode of said pawl actuator means and said second position of said pawl is urged by a second operating mode of said pawl actuator means.
Preferably said pawl actuator means is a pneumatic cylinder.
Preferably said pawl actuator means is an hydraulic cylinder.
Preferably said first end of said pawl presents a vertical outer face towards the discharge end of said container structure, when projecting from below said housing and an opposing upwardly sloping face towards the axis of said pivot shaft when said pawl is in said first position.
Preferably said second end of said pawl presents a vertical outer face towards said first end of said container structure when projecting from below said housing and an opposing upwardly sloping face towards the axis of said pivot shaft when said pawl is in said second position.
Preferably said wall sub-structures and all elements attached thereto are symmetrical for both sides of the compaction system.
Preferably said compactor blade structure activating. means are two horizontally disposed hydraulic rams mounted at their passive ends to each of said side wall sub-structures and at their rod ends to thrust blocks attached to each of said I-beams.
Preferably said I-beams are urged into reciprocal horizontal motion relative to said longitudinal rail system by said hydraulic rams.
Preferably said compactor blade structure is provide with a projecting lug on each of its sides, said projecting lug adapted to pass through the slot between upper and lower portions of wall sheeting.
Preferably said lugs are adapted to contact said vertical faces of any one of said double ended pawls of. said thrust assemblies on each side of the container structure.
Preferably said edges of said lugs facing said first end of said container structure are brought into contact with said vertical face of a pawl of one of corresponding said thrust assemblies on each side of said container structure when said pawl Is in said first position, by the extending action of said hydraulic rams.
Preferably said edges of said lugs facing said second end of said container structure are brought into contact with said vertical face of a pawl of one of corresponding said thrust assemblies on each side of said container structure when said pawl is in said second position, by the retracting action of said hydraulic rams.
Preferably said upwardly sloping face of said pawl when forced into contact with an edge of said lug of said compactor blade structure, causes said pawl to rotate about said pawl pivot axis thereby allowing the thrust assembly of that pawl to pass said lug.
Preferably said pawl actuation means of a said thrust assembly is set to a non-operating mode when any said thrust assembly is required to pass said lug.
Preferably a first extending action of said hydraulic rams, when said pawls are in said first position and said compactor blade structure is in a fully retracted position, will cause pawls of the corresponding pair, one on each side of said container structure, of said thrust assemblies closest to said first end of said container structure, to force said compactor blade structure towards said discharge end in a first incremental movement.
Preferably a first retraction movement of said hydraulic rams following a first extension movement of said rams, causes the next closest corresponding pair of thrust assemblies, one on each side of said container structure, to pass over said lug of said compactor blade structure, the pawls of said thrust assemblies rotating into said thrust assembly housings from forced contact between said lug and upwardly sloping faces of said pawls.
Preferably pawls of the next closest corresponding pair of said thrust assemblies to said first end of said container structure, are urged into a said first position by said pawl actuator means.
Preferably a second extension of said hydraulic rains causes a second incremental movement of said compactor blade structure towards said second end of said container structure.
Preferably subsequent extensions and retractions of said hydraulic rams cause corresponding incremental movements of said compactor blade towards said second end of said container structure, said movements ending after engagement of the pawls of that pair of corresponding connector housings closest to said second end of said container structure, and the extending of said hydraulic rams.
Preferably extending strokes of said hydraulic rams for incremental movement of said compactor blade structure are smaller than the maximum stroke of said rams.
Preferably the last incremental movement of said compactor blade structure causes said blade structure to partially project from said second end of said container structure.
Preferably a first incremental retracting movement of said compactor blade structure f rom its said limit of travel at said second end of said container structure, is preceded by an extension of said hydraulic rams to the maximum stroke of said rams.
Preferably any incremental retracting movement of said compactor blade structure is preceded by an urging of said second ends of double ended pawls into said second position by said pawl actuator means.
Preferably said edges of said lugs facing said second end of said container structure are brought into contact with said vertical faces of a pawls of corresponding pairs of said thrust assemblies, one on each side of said container structure when said pawl is in said second position, by the retracting action of said hydraulic rams.
Preferably a first retraction movement of said hydraulic rams, when said pawls are in said second position and said compactor blade structure is in a final incremented position at said second end of said container structure, will cause pawls of the corresponding pair, one on each side of said container structure, of said thrust assemblies closest to said second end of said container structure, to force said compactor blade structure towards said first end of said container structure, in a first incremental movement.
Preferably a first extension movement of said hydraulic rams following a first retraction movement of said rams, causes the next closest corresponding pair of thrust assemblies, one on each side of said container structure, to pass over said lug of said compactor blade structure, the pawls of said thrust assemblies rotating into said thrust assembly housings from forced contact between said lug and upwardly sloping faces of said pawls.
Preferably subsequent retractions and extensions of said hydraulic rams cause corresponding incremental movements of said compactor blade towards said first end of said container structure, said movements ending after engagement of the pawls of that pair of corresponding connector housings closest to said first end of said container structure, and the retraction of said hydraulic rams.
Preferably retracting strokes of said hydraulic rams for incremental movement of said compactor blade structure to the limit of its travel at said first end of said container structure are. smaller than the maximum stroke of said rams.
Preferably said discharge gate is adapted to provide one end of a compaction space defined by said gate, walls, roof and floor of said container structure and with an opposite end provided by the front face of said compactor blade structure.
Preferably said discharge gate is hydraulically operable.
Preferably said top opening is an opening in the roof of said container structure, said opening adapted to receive compactable material.
Preferably said top opening cover is hydraulically operable.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
a and 2b show a first and second embodiment of the invention in use,
a to 5c show a first operating sequence of a component of part of the first preferred embodiment of the invention,
a to 6c how a second operating sequence of the component of
a to 8c show a first operating sequence of a component part of the embodiment of
a to 9c show a second operating sequence of a component part of the embodiment of
a and 10c show a third operating sequence of a component part of the embodiment of
A first preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which a material urging system is adapted to the compaction of loose material.
With reference to the perspective view of
a shows material urging system 10 in loading mode, with side wall substructure and part of internal wall sheeting removed for clarity, and where material urging structure 12 is fully retracted at rear end 13 of container structure 11 and compactable material 24 Is introduced through top opening 18.
The process of compaction of compactable material according to this first embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail.
Wall substructure 16 includes upper frame structure 34 and lower frame structure 35 made up of a plurality of vertical frame members 27 and horizontal frame members 28 (as further illustrated in
The upper and lower portions of wall sheeting 30 and 31 and frame structures 34 and 35, are separated so as to form a horizontal slot 32 extending substantially for the length of the container structure 11. Joining webs 36 are rigidly connected to. each corresponding upper and lower vertical frame member 27 to effectively combine upper and lower frame structures 34 and 35 into a unified rigid structure.
Still with reference to
Interposed between adjoining longitudinal rails 37 is an I-beam 39 oriented so that its central web hangs vertically in slot 40 with the underside surfaces of its upper flange supported on the bearing strip material 38 covering the upper surfaces of longitudinal rail members 37. The sizes of rail members 37, I-beam 39 and bearing strip material 38 are so chosen as to allow a sliding fit reciprocating movement of I-beam 39 on rails and bearing strips.
Attached to the upper flange of I-beam 39 is thrust block 41. A main hydraulic ram 42, attached to wall substructure 16 at the ram's passive end 43, and to thrust block 41 at its rod end 44, is adapted to impart the reciprocating movement to I-beam 39.
Attached to the lower flange of I-beam 39 is a plurality of thrust assemblies 46a to 46n. Each thrust assembly 46 includes a double ended pawl 48 of which a first end 51 is visible in
Material urging structure 12 is adapted to slide on floor 15 and is a close sliding fit between internal wall sheeting 29 and roof 17. Each side of material urging structure 12 is provided with projecting lug 45, adapted to extend through slot 32 so as to engage with one end of double ended pawl 48.
Material urging structure 12 shown as hatched, has been moved towards the discharge gate 21 of container structure 11 to the position shown, by a first extension stroke of hydraulic ram 42 acting on I-beam 39. First movement of I-beam 39 was transferred to projecting lug 45 through pawl first end 51a of thrust assembly 46a. As shown in
The interaction of material urging structure 12 projecting lug 45 and a thrust assembly 46 will now be described in detail with reference to
At the start of a compaction sequence, material urging structure 12 is fully in its retracted position at rear end 13 of container structure 11 (
Hydraulic ram 42 now retracts, to pull I-beam 39 back to its initial position. This requires second thrust assembly 46b to pass the projecting lug 45 as shown in
This sequence is repeated until material urging structure 12 reaches a point of maximum or desired compaction. Discharge gate 21 is then opened and the compacted material incrementally advanced until material urging structure 12 reaches its forward limit at forward end 14 of container structure 11, projecting through opened discharge gate 21.
Depending on the material being compacted, the material urging structure 12 may be subject to a degree of “spring-back”, especially as maximum compaction is approached towards the end of the compaction process. This can force the urging structure back into a position where the next thrust assembly cannot be retracted back past the projecting lug and hence no further incremental movement of the urging structure is possible. To prevent this situation, material urging structure 12 may be fitted with braking or locking means which are activated during the retraction of I-beam 39 and until the double ended pawls are returned to the forward thrust position.
For the incremental movements towards forward end 14, main ram 42 does not out-stroke to its full extent, the stroke being controlled by suitable limit switches. This is to allow the furthest forward thrust assembly 46n to be driven just past lug 45, (when second end 52n has been rotated to its reverse thrust position and its actuator is de-activated), by a full extension of the main ram 42. After extending pawl actuator 49n to reset second end 52n to the reverse thrust position, the first return increment of material urging structure 12 towards rear end 13 of container structure 11 may be made.
This process is shown in
With pawl actuator 49n de-activated, thrust assembly 46n is pushed past lug 45 by the full extension of main ram 42 as shown in
This sequence is repeated until the material urging structure 12 is returned to its fully retracted position at rear end 13 of container housing 11. The retraction strokes of main ram 42 for the incremental retraction of material urging structure 12 are shorter than the full retraction stroke of main ram 42, the stroke being limited by suitable limit switches. This is to allow the first thrust assembly 46a to be retracted past lug 45 by a full retraction of the ram to re-commence the incremental compaction sequence described above.
In use, the incremental advance of the material urging structure towards the forward end of container structure 11, occurs once a quantity of compactable material has been introduced into container structure 11 and both the top opening cover 19 and discharge gate 21 are closed. When a desired degree of compaction has been achieved at some point during the advance of material urging structure 12, discharge gate 21 is opened and the compacted material ejected by the completion of the incremental advance of the urging structure.
As an aid to the compaction process, an optional intermediate compaction gate may be located at some point between the top opening and the discharge gate. This allows smaller quantities of refuse material to be compacted and, once compacted, to be pushed past the intermediate gate. This has the advantage of achieving a higher compaction density of the final compacted load available for transfer to the refuse transport vehicle.
In a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the construction of the container structure is as that previously described for the First Embodiment above and, as before, both sides of the container structure are symmetrical and carry symmetrical mechanical systems. Like features are numbered as for the first embodiment but with the addition of 100 so that for example feature 39 is number 139 in this embodiment and so forth.
With reference to
Control arm 164 similarly connects to each of the control pivot shafts 162 of each of the thrust assemblies 146 whereby reciprocating movements of control arm 164 have the effect of rotating the attitude of double ended pawls 148 between a forwardly incrementing thrust position as in
Control arm 164 is connected to a pawl control actuator 166 (shown in
Intermediate Incrementing of Material Urging Structure
With reference to
This brings first end 151(i) of pawls 148(i) of that thrust assembly 146(i) which is closest to projecting lug 145 of the material urging structure 112 (represented in
When this stroke of I-beam 139 has reached its limit, pressure is released from the pawl control actuator and I-beam 139 is retracted by hydraulic ram 142. Towards the end of this retraction stroke, the next forward thrust assembly 146(i+1) to assembly 146i just used to drive the material urging structure forward, has to pass the projecting lug 145. This situation is shown in
This rotation continues until first end 151(i+1) of double ended pawl 148(i+1) slides over the top of projecting lug 145 as shown in
This sequence is repeated until material urging structure 112 reaches a point of maximum or desired compaction. Discharge gate 21 is then opened and the compacted material incrementally advanced until the material urging structure reaches its forward limit at forward end 114 of container structure 111, projecting through opened discharge gate 121.
To prevent “spring-back” of the material urging structure 112 induced by the compacted material driven before it, urging structure 112 may preferably be fitted with braking or locking means to retain its incremented position while thrust assemblies are being retracted for a next forward increment.
First Return Increment
The final forward incremental stroke of the main rams drives the material urging structure through the discharge gate sufficiently far to completely push the compacted material into the adjoining transport vehicle as shown in
When I-beam 139 is retracted, thrust return block 165 acts on projecting lug 145 and material urging structure 112 is moved a first partial return increment towards the rear end 113 of container structure 111. The pawl control actuator now extends to rotate double ended pawls 148n into their return thrust position as shown in
The remaining returning increments are a reverse procedure of the intermediate incrementing sequence described above.
First Forward Increment
The final rearward incremental retraction of the main rams 142 causes projecting lug 145 to reach the position at rear end 113 of container structure 111 as shown in
At the first extension of main ram 142 from this position of the material urging structure 112 at rear end 113, it is the forward thrust block 167 which pushes the projecting lug 145 and hence material urging structure 112 forward to the first partially incremented position shown in
Pressure is then released from the pawl control actuator and the I-beam retracted to pull thrust assembly 146a past projecting lug 145. Pawl control actuator 166 then retracts to return double ended pawls 148a into their forward thrust position. The main ram 142 then extends to complete the first incremental advance of the material urging structure, followed by the intermediate increment sequence described above.
As with the first embodiment, in this embodiment of the invention also, the container structure may optionally be fitted with an intermediate compaction gate to allow the sequential assembling of a full compacted load from smaller compacted quantities of waste material.
Although both the first and the second embodiments described above are directed at compaction and the incremental urging mechanisms act in conjunction with a container structure, the principle of the mechanisms may be applied for example to drive solid materials along a supporting surface. Thus the system may be adapted to drive an array of palletized materials or containers along the length of a loading dock for transfer into a transport vehicle. In such a system the urging mechanisms may be disposed at floor level or recessed into channels along both sides of the dock with the equivalent of the material urging structure adapted to slide on the surface of the loading dock or on suitable friction reducing means such as rails or wheels or a combination of these.
While uni-directional compaction of a volume of refuse as described in the above embodiments greatly reduces the cost of waste handling and transportation, greater compaction and further economies can be achieved by applying compressive forces in more localized areas and in different directions within the refuse volume.
There are therefore provided in this embodiment additional devices which may optionally be fitted to the container structure of the first and second embodiments as previously described.
With reference to
In a preferred first form of this embodiment, at least one additional compaction device 220 is provided along each of the two side walls 216 of the container structure 211 in the area between the top opening and the discharge end of the container. Where a container structure is provided with an intermediate compaction gate the additional compaction devices may best be placed in the area between the top opening and the intermediate gate, but could also be located between the intermediate gate and the discharge gate or even in both these areas.
Again with reference to
Apertures in the side walls are adapted to accept the shape of the compactor plate 230 and attachment structure 234 so that when the hydraulic ram of a compaction device is activated, the compactor plate is rotationally driven through the aperture to impact on any refuse material in that area of the container structure.
Initially, during the loading of refuse into the container structure and subsequently during the passage of the material urging structure towards the forward end, the compactor plates of the compaction devices are maintained flush with the internal walls of the container structure. The. devices are best brought into action when a sufficient amount of partly compacted material has been accumulated in the area in which the devices are located.
Attachment structures 234 are preferably shaped so as to shut off the aperture through which the compaction device acts so as to prevent refuse material being pulled. back through the aperture 237 as the compactor plate 230 is retracted to its position flush with the internal surface the of side wall.
In a second preferred form of this embodiment the additional compaction devices are mounted from the roof of the container structure and operate through apertures in the roof.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the container structure of the first and second embodiments as described above is provided with other additional compaction urging sub-systems. In this form at least a portion of the floor of the container structure is articulated so as to be driven vertically upward by actuators so as to intrude into the container volume from below, The floor portion may be so articulated as a single section or in a number of sections so au to apply maximum compaction force to relatively small volumes of compactable material.
Similarly, a portion of the roof of the container structure, singly or in sections, may be articulated to provide compaction force from above. These compacting forces acting from below and from above may then be applied together or in an alternating sequence to the compactable material to provide the maximum disturbance so as to minimise voids. A sequence may include periods where both the upper and lower compacting surfaces advance followed by rapid reversals of direction so as to agitate the material.
In a further aid to agitation the floor of the container structure may be provided with oscillating or reciprocating plate sections set into shallow scalloped recesses so as not to impede the advance of the incrementing material urging structure as described in the previous embodiments.
In a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention, the incremental advancing mechanism of the first or second embodiments described above is adapted to the unloading of a transport vehicle. In this instance the object of the mechanism is not to compact but to remove a substantially unobstructed load, such as for example a compacted refuse load from a transport vehicle.
With reference to
Disposed along each side of the transport vehicle are urging mechanisms 319. Urging mechanisms 319 include rail. structures extending along the length of the vehicle, which carry reciprocating beams activated by hydraulic rams 316. Each reciprocating beam is provided with thrust assemblies at intervals along its length; these assemblies being in the form described in the first or second embodiments 10 above. Since no compaction is required the hydraulic rams driving the material urging structure are of significantly smaller diameter, and the components of the incrementing mechanism proportionately lighter in construction than those of the previously described embodiments.
The thrust assemblies are caused to act sequentially on material urging structure 310 which is provided, after the manner of the previously described embodiments, with lugs which project from each of its sides through slots 318 along internal walls 314 of the vehicle.
In use, a transport vehicle fitted with this mechanism is loaded while material urging structure 310 is fully retracted to the front end 311 of the vehicle 300. At a discharge site it remains simply to open the doors at rear end 312 and activate the incremental advancing mechanisms to completely empty the transport vehicle.
In a sixth embodiment of an incremental material urging system there is provided a rail system, a material urging structure and an incrementing drive mechanism.
With reference to
For the material urging structure 412 to incrementally advance along rails 411, linear actuators 414 are initially retracted as shown in
Urging structure 412 may be incrementally reversed along the rails by a reverse sequence of the linear actuator extensions and retractions and the clamping mechanisms.
In an alternative preferred form of this embodiment, the rails may be substituted by channels let into a floor structure and in which the clamping mechanisms comprise outwardly acting calipers. to act on the internal sides of the channels. In this form of the embodiment the urging structure may be adapted to slide on the floor surface or be provided with friction reducing means such as for example wheels.
In use, the mechanism may be used to advance objects along a platform such as for example a loading dock. Thus, again by way of example, an array of two rows of pallets making up the entire load intended for a flat bed transport vehicle may be transferred from the loading dock in a series of incremental linear movements. For this application a preferred arrangement of the rails is that of two pairs of rails, each pair suitably spaced to provide support and guidance to the rows of pallets.
In further examples of applications of this embodiment, the device may be installed in a transport vehicle for the purpose of ejecting a load from the vehicle, or when fitted to the container structure of a refuse transfer station it may be used to incrementally drive a material urging structure. in yet a further example of the use of the device, the rails may include curved sections.
The urging structure may be fitted with braking means to maintain it at any incremented position while the linear actuators re-position the clamping mechanisms. When provided with such braking means the urging structure may be adapted to operate along inclined surfaces.
In a seventh preferred embodiment of the invention an incremental material urging system comprises a set of reciprocating rail structures, a material urging structure and clamping mechanisms.
With reference to
Floor structure 510 is further provided with a plurality or arresting pine 517 retracted flush with the floor when not in use but adapted to project a certain distance above floor level when required. Arresting pins 517 are arranged, preferably in pairs transverse to the rails, at intervals along floor 510 corresponding to the stroke length of linear actuator 514.
A material urging structure 512 is adapted to ride on rails 511 and is provided with clamping mechanisms 516 adapted to grip onto the rails. An incremental movement of material urging structure 512 may then be effected by applying clamps 516 and activating linear actuator 514 to urge an incremental movement of rails 511 thereby forcing a corresponding movement of urging structure 512.
Thus for a movement in the direction away from the linear actuator as mounted in
Clearly the sequence when reversed allows for the movement of the urging structure in the opposite direction also. In a further form of this embodiment the arresting pins acting through the floor my be replaced by a locking system incorporated in the material urging structure itself. One form of such a locking system comprises friction pads driven downwardly from the urging structure against the floor, providing sufficient friction to prevent the urging structure from being moved from its current position through the repositioning of the rails for the next increment. In a further preferred form, the urging structure is lifted clear of contact with the rails while these are retracted for a next increment.
In yet a further alternative form of this embodiment the material urging structure is supported on wheels or other friction reducing means on the floor and not on the articulated rails which instead pass through clearance channels in the structure or below the structure so that when the clamps are released the rails may be relocated with no disturbance to the urging structure.
The device as described may be used as both a means of transferring a load from a loading dock onto a transport vehicle or, when fitted to the floor of a transport vehicle, for the unloading of that vehicle.
Again, when fitted to the container structure of a refuse transfer station the device may be used to drive a material urging structure for the compaction of a refuse load.
The above describes only some embodiments of the present invention and modifications obvious to those skilled in the art, can be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS 1251 | Mar 2002 | AU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU03/00349 | 3/21/2003 | WO | 3/4/2005 |
