Independent control of auger and hopper assembly in electric blender system

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 11850563
  • Patent Number
    11,850,563
  • Date Filed
    Monday, March 18, 2019
    5 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, December 26, 2023
    11 months ago
Abstract
Embodiments relate to a hydraulic fracturing system that includes a blender unit. The system includes an auger and hopper assembly to receive proppant from a proppant source and feed the proppant to the blender unit for mixing with a fluid. A first power source is used to power the blender unit in order to mix the proppant with the fluid and prepare a fracturing slurry. A second power source independently powers the auger and hopper assembly in order to align the hopper of the auger and hopper assembly with a proppant feed from the proppant source. Thus, the auger and hopper assembly can be stowed or deployed without use of the first power source, which is the main power supply to the blender unit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention

The present disclosure relates to operations in a subterranean formation. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a hydraulic fracturing system.


2. Description of Related Art

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used to stimulate production from some hydrocarbon producing wells. The technique usually involves injecting fluid into a wellbore at a pressure sufficient to generate fissures in the formation surrounding the wellbore. Typically, the pressurized fluid is injected into a portion of the wellbore that is pressure isolated from the remaining length of the wellbore so that fracturing is limited to a designated portion of the formation. The fracturing fluid slurry, whose primary component is usually water, includes proppant (such as sand or ceramic) that migrate into the fractures with the fracturing fluid slurry and remain to prop open the fractures after pressure is no longer applied to the wellbore. Other than water, potential primary fluids for the slurry include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, foam (nitrogen and water), diesel, or other fluids. The fracturing slurry may also contain a small component of chemical additives, which can include scale build up inhibitors, friction reducing agents, viscosifiers, stabilizers, pH buffers, acids, biocides, and other fluid treatments. In embodiments, the chemical additives comprise less than 1% of the fracturing slurry.


The fluids are blended with a proppant in the blender unit. The proppant is supplied from a nearby proppant source via a conveyor into a hopper associated with the blender unit. The hopper associated with the blender unit can be difficult to align with the proppant feed. This difficulty arises, in part, because during transport on a trailer, the hopper of the blender unit is typically placed in a raised position. In order to properly position the hopper relative to the conveyor, so that the hopper can receive proppant, three steps are necessary, including 1) the trailer carrying the blender unit must be aligned with the conveyor, 2) power must be connected to the blender unit, and 3) the hopper must be lowered into position to receive proppant from the conveyor.


The problem lies in the necessary order of these three steps in known systems. For example, typically, power to the blender unit is not connected until all trailers and equipment are in place at the well site. Because the hopper cannot be lowered into position until power is connected to the blender unit, this means that the blender unit trailer must be positioned relative to the conveyor while the hopper unit is in the elevated position. The problem with this is that when in the hopper is in the elevated position, it is very difficult to tell when the trailer is properly aligned with the conveyor. Furthermore, by the time power is connected, allowing the hopper to be lowered, it is too late to reposition the blender unit trailer if the hopper does not properly align with the conveyor.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed herein are embodiment systems and methods of hydraulic fracturing with independent control of an auger and hopper assembly. In embodiments, a hydraulic fracturing system includes a blender unit capable of mixing proppant and fluid. A first power supply, such as an electric generator, can be used to power the blender unit. The system can further include an auger and hopper assembly, which includes one or more augers, a hopper, and a hydraulic cylinder. The hopper can receive proppant through an upper opening and transport the proppant out of the hopper using one or more augers. The hydraulic cylinder, when activated by one or more actuators for example, can move the auger and hopper assembly between a stowed position and a deployed position.


A second power supply, such as a battery, can power the auger and hopper assembly. The second power supply can operate independently of the first power supply. In other words, in embodiments, the battery can supply power to the auger and hopper assembly with no power input from the electric generator. The battery, however, can be recharged by the electric generator when the electric generator is on. Thus, the first power supply can recharge the second power supply, but the second power supply operates independently when powering the auger and hopper assembly. In embodiments, the second power supply is a 12-volt direct current battery. In embodiments, one or more batteries are connected in parallel to form a power supply.


The hydraulic fracturing system can further include a blender tub positioned beneath the auger outlets. When the auger and hopper assembly is in the deployed position, the auger outlets become aligned with upper opening of the blender tub. That is, the approximate center of the blender tub can be positioned below the auger outlets when the auger and hopper assembly is in the deployed position.


Methods according to various embodiments can include positioning a blender unit near a proppant source. The blender unit can be mobile. For example, it can be positioned on a truck or trailer that includes various other components of a blender system, such as a blender tub with an upper opening, and an auger and hopper assembly with the hopper having an upper opening and the auger outlets being positioned above the center of the blender tub. An example method can further include deploying the auger and hopper assembly from a stowed position to a deployed position. When the assembly is in the deployed position, the hopper will be aligned with a proppant feed from the proppant source. For example, the proppant can be fracturing sand, and the proppant feed can be a sand conveyor configured to deliver sand to the hopper. Deploying the assembly, according to various embodiments, includes powering one or more actuators with a battery. In addition, the blender unit can be connected to a power supply, which is independent from the battery that powers the actuators of the auger and hopper assembly.


When the auger and hopper assembly is moved to the deployed position, proppant from the proppant feed can be received into the hopper through the upper opening of the hopper. One or more augers with inlets positioned to receive proppant from the hopper can move proppant out of the hopper. The auger outlets are positioned above the blender tub when the auger and hopper assembly is in the deployed position. Proppant from the hopper can then be released via the auger outlets into the blender tub, where it is received by the blending unit. The blending unit can then mix the proppant with a fluid to prepare a fracturing slurry. This slurry can be pumped to a fracturing pump system, where it can be highly pressurized and pumped into a subterranean formation, as discussed in more detail below.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Some of the features and benefits of the present invention having been stated, others will become apparent as the description proceeds when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:



FIG. 1 is a schematic example of a hydraulic fracturing system according to certain embodiments;



FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a blender system with an auger and hopper assembly in a stowed position according to certain embodiments;



FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of a blender system with an auger and hopper assembly in a deployed position according to certain embodiments;



FIG. 4 is a view of a portion of a blender system with an auger and hopper assembly in a deployed position according to certain embodiments;



FIG. 5 is a view of a portion of a blender system with an auger and hopper assembly in a stowed position according to certain embodiments;



FIG. 6 is a view of a portion of a blender system according to certain embodiments; and



FIG. 7 is a view of a pump and motor assembly according to certain embodiments.





While the invention will be described in connection with certain embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

The method and system of the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which embodiments are shown. The method and system of the present disclosure may be in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the illustrated embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In an embodiment, usage of the term “about” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude. In an embodiment, usage of the term “substantially” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude.


It is to be further understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the exact details of construction, operation, exact materials, or embodiments shown and described, as modifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed illustrative embodiments and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation.



FIG. 1 is a schematic example of a hydraulic fracturing system 10 that is used for pressurizing a wellbore 12 to create fractures 14 in a subterranean formation 16 that surrounds the wellbore 12. Included with the system 10 is a hydration unit 18 that receives fluid from a fluid source 20 via line 22, and also selectively receives additives from an additive source 24 via line 26. Additive source 24 can be separate from the hydration unit 18 as a stand-alone unit, or can be included as part of the same unit as the hydration unit 18. The fluid, which in one example is water, is mixed inside of the hydration unit 18 with the additives. In an embodiment, the fluid and additives are mixed over a period of time to allow for uniform distribution of the additives within the fluid.


In the example of FIG. 1, the fluid and additive mixture is transferred to a blender unit 28 via line 30. A proppant source 32 contains proppant, which is delivered to the blender unit 28 as represented by line 34, where line 34 can be a conveyer. Inside the blender unit 28, the proppant and fluid/additive mixture are combined to form a fracturing slurry, which is then transferred to a fracturing pump system 36 via line 38; thus fluid in line 38 includes the discharge of blender unit 28 which is the suction (or boost) for the fracturing pump system 36. Blender unit 28 can have an onboard chemical additive system, such as with chemical pumps and augers. Optionally, additive source 24 can provide chemicals to blender unit 28; or a separate and standalone chemical additive system (not shown) can be provided for delivering chemicals to the blender unit 28. In an example, the pressure of the slurry in line 38 ranges from around 80 psi to around 100 psi. The pressure of the slurry can be increased up to around 15,000 psi by pump system 36.


A motor 39, which connects to pump system 36 via connection 40, drives pump system 36 so that it can pressurize the slurry. In one example, the motor 39 is controlled by a variable frequency drive (“VFD”). In one embodiment, a motor 39 may connect to a first pump system 36 via connection 40 and to a second pump system 36 via a second connection 40. After being discharged from pump system 36, slurry is pumped into a wellhead assembly 41; discharge piping 42 connects discharge of pump system 36 with wellhead assembly 41 and provides a conduit for the slurry between the pump system 36 and the wellhead assembly 41. In an alternative, hoses or other connections can be used to provide a conduit for the slurry between the pump system 36 and the wellhead assembly 41. Optionally, any type of fluid can be pressurized by the fracturing pump system 36 to form injection fracturing fluid that is then pumped into the wellbore 12 for fracturing the formation 14, and is not limited to fluids having chemicals or proppant.


An example of a turbine 44 is provided in the example of FIG. 1 and which receives a combustible fuel from a fuel source 46 via a feed line 48. In one example, the combustible fuel is natural gas, and the fuel source 46 can be a container of natural gas or a well (not shown) proximate the turbine 44. Combustion of the fuel in the turbine 44 in turn powers a generator 50 that produces electricity. Shaft 52 connects generator 50 to turbine 44. The combination of the turbine 44, generator 50, and shaft 52 define a turbine generator 53. In another example, gearing can also be used to connect the turbine 44 and generator 50.


An example of a micro-grid 54 is further illustrated in FIG. 1, and which distributes electricity generated by the turbine generator 53. Included with the micro-grid 54 is a transformer 56 for stepping down voltage of the electricity generated by the generator 50 to a voltage more compatible for use by electrical powered devices in the hydraulic fracturing system 10. In another example, the power generated by the turbine generator and the power utilized by the electrical powered devices in the hydraulic fracturing system 10 are of the same voltage, such as 4160 V so that main power transformers are not needed. In one embodiment, multiple 3500 kVA dry cast coil transformers are utilized. Electricity generated in generator 50 is conveyed to transformer 56 via line 58. In one example, transformer 56 steps the voltage down from 13.8 kV to around 600 V. Other step down voltages can include 4,160 V, 480 V, or other voltages. The output or low voltage side of the transformer 56 connects to a power bus 60. Lines 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, and 72 connect to power bus 60 and deliver electricity to electrically powered end users in the system 10. More specifically, line 62 connects fluid source 20 to bus 60, line 64 connects additive source 24 to bus 60, line 66 connects hydration unit 18 to bus 60, line 68 connects proppant source 32 to bus 60, line 70 connects blender unit 28 to bus 60. Another line can connect bus 60 to an optional variable frequency drive (“VFD”) (not shown). The VFD can connect to motor 39. In one example, the VFD selectively provides electrical power to motor 39 via a dedicated or shared line, and can be used to control operation of motor 39, and thus also operation of pump 36.


In an example, additive source 24 contains ten or more chemical pumps for supplementing the existing chemical pumps on the hydration unit 18 and blender unit 28. Chemicals from the additive source 24 can be delivered via lines 26 to the hydration unit 18 and/or the blender unit 28. In certain embodiments, the elements of the system 10 are mobile and can be readily transported to a wellsite adjacent the wellbore 12, such as on trailers or other platforms equipped with wheels or tracks.


For example, the blender unit 28 can be positioned on a trailer, such as the exemplary trailer illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Thus, the blender unit 28 and various other components can comprise a blender system 100. The blender system 100 includes an auger and hopper assembly 102, which includes a hopper 106. The auger and hopper assembly 102 is capable of moving between a stowed position (FIG. 2) and a deployed position (FIG. 3). In embodiments, the stowed position is elevationally above the deployed position, and the auger and hopper assembly 102 can move between the two positions via an angled track 112, which is positioned between the augers 104 and the blender tub 108. Looking at FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 together, the auger and hopper assembly 102 can begin in the stowed position as shown in FIG. 2. The auger and hopper assembly 102 can be directed in the direction of the arrows 105 to reach its deployed position as shown in FIG. 3. A landing gear 111 can bear the weight of the hopper 106 when the auger and hopper assembly 102 is in the deployed position. In embodiments, the landing gear 111 comprises two support legs, one on each side of the hopper 106. A bumper 109 or safety guard can also be included to keep people or equipment from making contact with the exposed auger bearings.


The auger and hopper assembly 102 is typically placed in the stowed position during transport of the blender system 100. A hitch or other suitable coupling mechanism 120 can be provided on one end of the blender system 100 to facilitate transport. The blending system 100 can be towed to a desired location at an appropriate distance from a fracking site. In the illustrated embodiment, the blending system includes unpowered wheels 116 to facilitate towing and weight-bearing legs 118 to support the blending system 100 when the towing vehicle disengages. The legs 118 can be independently adjusted to allow an operator to level the blending system, or otherwise achieve a desired tilt, even while accounting for uneven ground. Although not required for operations, the blending system 100 can be isolated, i.e. no longer connected to a towing vehicle, due to space constraints in the field. Once in position, the blending system 100 is connected to micro-grid 54 or otherwise supplied with main electrical power. The main electrical unit powers the blender unit 28, enabling it to draw fluid onboard through a suction manifold and pump, and blend the proppant and fluid/additive mixture to form a fracturing slurry, which is then boosted to a fracturing pump system 36 through a discharge pump, as described more thoroughly with respect to FIG. 1.


In other words, main power is not provided to the blender system 100 until after the blender system 100 is initially staged. In some cases, it may take days from the time the equipment is staged before power is produced and directed to the blender system 100. Moreover, the blender system 100 is typically staged early in the process—before fracking pumps, iron, and sand equipment are positioned—so delays to staging the blender system 100 hold up other portions of the process. Further still, it is very difficult and dangerous to move equipment after power cables have been connected.


Main power is typically generated by diesel engines for diesel equipment or by an electric generator for electrically powered equipment. For electrically powered equipment, an electric generator may not arrive onsite until after the blender system 100 is in place, or the electric generator may be onsite, but not generating power until after the blender system 100 is in place. Thus, if positioning the auger and hopper assembly 102 of the blender system 100 rely exclusively on the main power, the auger and hopper assembly 102 cannot be raised or lowered into an ideal placement until the main electrical power is active and connected. In the event of a misalignment, the entire blender system 100 would need to be repositioned, which would be costly, time consuming, difficult, and sometimes dangerous.


Put another way, without an independent power supply for the auger and hopper assembly 102, the blender system 100 can be maneuvered into an incorrect position, but it will not be known that the hopper 106 is improperly aligned with the proppant feed until the entire blender system 100 is connected to a power supply, such as, for example, the micro-grid 54 discussed above. Once the misalignment is detected, the entire blender system 100 would have to be disconnected from the power supply in order to reposition the blender system 100. This process may even have to be iterated multiple times given the difficulty of estimating whether the hopper 106 will be properly aligned with the conveyor belt (or appropriate proppant feed) when in the deployed position. These iterations may involve disconnecting the main power and moving other equipment to allow for maneuvering the blender system 100. This can cause hours or days of downtime. Thus prior to being transported to a wellsite, the auger and hopper assembly 102 are put into a stowed position, and remain in that position, until the main power is online. The main power stays online until the fracturing job is completed. Usually the deployed position of the auger and hopper assembly 102 is difficult to predict accurately because the equipment is initially positioned with the auger and hopper assembly 102 in the stowed position.


After the fracturing job is completed, a rig down process occurs in which equipment is removed from the site. The main power is disconnected before the blender system 100 is moved. If the auger and hopper assembly 102 is in the deployed position, the blender system 100 cannot be moved. That is, if operators disconnected the main power from the blender system 100 without stowing the auger and hopper assembly 102, and there was no independent power supply to the auger and hopper assembly 102, then the blender system 100 would be unmovable until main power was reconnected to the blender system for the sole purpose of stowing the auger and hopper assembly 102. This problem, among others, is addressed by the claimed embodiments, which allow for the auger and hopper assembly 102 to move between the stowed position and deployed position without the blender system 100 needing to be connected to the main power source.


Still referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the blender system 100 is mounted on a trailer. In this example, the blender is a fracturing blender having a capability of supplying 130 bbl/min, and it is designed to mix slurries for fracturing treatments. The slurries, which can be used in hydraulic fracturing, can also include water or other fluids. In various embodiments, the blender system 100 can be skid, truck, or trailer mounted, and can be used on or off-shore. The auger and hopper assembly 102 includes one or more obliquely angled augers 104 that lift proppant from an attached hopper 106, and deliver the proppant to a blender tub 108 as shown. The system is capable of handling a wide array of tasks associated with complex fracturing operations in harsh oilfield conditions; and is operable in temperature ranges of −4° F. (−20° C.) to 115° F. (46° C.). Embodiments of the unit include 10 inch diameter pipe and a total power rating of 1,400 BHP (minimum). In one example, the system pumps inhibited acid.


The blender system 100 includes an independently powered auger and hopper positioning system to raise and lower the auger and hopper assembly 102 prior to setting up the main electrical power. The positioning system controls 114 are used to adjust the position of the auger and hopper assembly 102. In embodiments, the power supply comprises a dedicated electric 12 VDC power supply. In one example, the positioning system includes one or more actuators for positioning the auger and hopper assembly 102. In embodiments, the actuators are powered by a 12 VDC power supply. The power supply provides power for a hydraulic pump. In embodiments, the hopper power supply is not in communication with the main electrical power. In embodiments, the battery powering the auger and hopper control system is charged by the main power supply when the main power is on. In an embodiment, the actuators include one or more electrical motors and associated linkages, where the motors provide hydraulic power to drive the hydraulic cylinders 5 (FIG. 4 and FIG. 5) and linkages with sufficient force for positioning the auger/hopper into a designated position and/or orientation. In FIG. 5, the cylinder 5 is in a retracted configuration, whereas in FIG. 4 the cylinder 5 is in an extended configuration. Alternatively, the actuators are hydraulically powered with hydraulic fluid pressurized by pumps that are powered by the 12 VDC power source.


As indicated above, when setting up a hydraulic fracturing site it is important to position the sand delivery system and the blender so that the sand enters the blender hopper 106 in roughly the center of the hopper. However, it can be difficult to visualize exactly where the auger and hopper assembly 102 will be in the deployed position. Compounding this problem is that, in various embodiments, there are two blenders. One serves as a primary blender, and the other serves as a back-up blender. The proppant feed—the chute on a sand conveyor belt, for example—needs to be able to reach both blenders, while leaving some room between the blenders for personnel and equipment, such as fluid hoses, chemical hoses, and other tools.


Embodiments of the method and system described herein position the blender system 100, lower the auger/hopper assembly 102, and align the hopper 106 with the sand conveyer and other sand equipment. The steps of aligning and positioning described herein are performed without power from the main power supply. In embodiments, the hydraulic lines for powering the auger/blender actuator are isolated from other hydraulic lines that deliver hydraulic fluid to different services or circuits, such as cooling fans, blower motors, chemical pumps, the blender's suction pump, valve actuators, and the auger motors for rotating the auger blade. Optionally, the hydraulic lines that power the auger/hopper actuator can share a same hydraulic tank as other hydraulic systems.


Referring now to FIG. 4, shown in a side perspective view is a portion of the auger and hopper assembly 102. A start button 10 can selectively energize a motor that drives a hydraulic pump, where the pump pressurizes hydraulic fluid for powering the actuators. Then the auger and hopper assembly 102 can be raised or lowered using a three-position valve 12. The three-position valve 12 can include positions for stowed, deployed, and closed. In certain embodiments, the stowed position can be labeled “up,” and the deployed position can be labeled “down” on the valve 12. In the example of FIG. 4, the valve 12 is disposed in a hydraulic circuit and between the hydraulic pump and the actuators. Shown in perspective view in FIG. 6 is an example of a hydraulic pump 14 for pressurizing the hydraulic fluid used to actuate cylinder 5 (FIG. 5) into an extended position for selectively positioning the auger and hopper assembly 102. Further illustrated in FIG. 6 is a battery 16 that selectively provides electrical power to a motor 18 shown schematically coupled with the pump 14. The motor 18 and pump 14 are provided in a single unit in certain embodiments. FIG. 7 provides another view of this unit. Electrical connections 15 are provided to connect the motor 18 to the battery 16. Hydraulic connections 19 to the pump 14 are provided as well.


The present invention described herein, therefore, is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as others inherent therein. While a presently preferred embodiment of the invention has been given for purposes of disclosure, numerous changes exist in the details of procedures for accomplishing the desired results. These and other similar modifications will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be encompassed within the spirit of the present invention disclosed herein and the scope of the appended claims.

Claims
  • 1. An auger and hopper assembly for use in a hydraulic fracturing operation comprising: a hopper with an upper opening to receive proppant;an auger positioned outside the hopper and connected to the hopper, the auger including: an auger inlet to receive proppant from the hopper,an auger outlet to release proppant from the auger, andan auger blade configured to transport proppant from the auger inlet to the auger outlet; anda connection to an independent auger and hopper power supply, the independent auger and hopper power supply powering one or more actuators that communicate with the auger and hopper assembly to move the auger and hopper assembly from a stowed position to a deployed position.
  • 2. The auger and hopper assembly of claim 1, wherein the independent auger and hopper power supply comprises a battery.
  • 3. The auger and hopper assembly of claim 2, wherein the battery comprises a 12 volt direct current battery.
  • 4. The auger and hopper assembly of claim 2, wherein the battery is connected to a main power supply, the main power supply providing power to a blender unit configured to blend proppant with a fluid to produce a fracturing slurry.
  • 5. The auger and hopper assembly of claim 4, wherein the main power supply recharges the battery when the main power supply provides power to the blender unit.
  • 6. The auger and hopper assembly of claim 5, wherein the main power supply comprises an electric generator powered by combustion of a fuel in a turbine.
  • 7. The auger and hopper assembly of claim 2, wherein an electric generator recharges the battery without independently powering the one or more actuators.
  • 8. The auger and hopper assembly of claim 1, wherein the deployed position of the auger and hopper assembly aligns the upper opening of the hopper with a chute associated with a sand conveyor.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/294,349, filed Oct. 14, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,232,332, issued Mar. 19, 2019, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/242,657, filed Oct. 16, 2015 and is a continuation-in-part of, and claims priority to and the benefit of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/202,085, filed Jul. 5, 2016, which claimed priority to and the benefit of Ser. No. 13/679,689, filed Nov. 16, 2012, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,410,410 on Aug. 9, 2016; the full disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

US Referenced Citations (561)
Number Name Date Kind
1541601 Tribe Jun 1925 A
1656861 Leonard Jan 1928 A
1671436 Melott May 1928 A
1743771 Hall Jan 1930 A
1967466 Damsel Jul 1934 A
2004077 McCartney Jun 1935 A
2183364 Bailey Dec 1939 A
2220622 Aitken Nov 1940 A
2244106 Granberg Jun 1941 A
2248051 Armstrong Jul 1941 A
2407796 Page Sep 1946 A
2416848 Rothery Mar 1947 A
2610741 Schmid Sep 1952 A
2753940 Bonner Jul 1956 A
2976025 Pro Mar 1961 A
3055682 Bacher Sep 1962 A
3061039 Peters Oct 1962 A
3066503 Fleming Dec 1962 A
3302069 Webster Jan 1967 A
3334495 Jensen Aug 1967 A
3347570 Roessler Oct 1967 A
3722595 Kiel Mar 1973 A
3764233 Strickland Oct 1973 A
3773140 Mahajan Nov 1973 A
3837179 Barth Sep 1974 A
3849662 Blaskowski Nov 1974 A
3878884 Raleigh Apr 1975 A
3881551 Terry May 1975 A
3967841 Kendrick Jul 1976 A
4037431 Sugimoto Jul 1977 A
4100822 Rosman Jul 1978 A
4151575 Hogue Apr 1979 A
4226299 Hansen Oct 1980 A
4265266 Kierbow et al. May 1981 A
4432064 Barker Feb 1984 A
4442665 Fick Apr 1984 A
4456092 Kubozuka Jun 1984 A
4506982 Smithers Mar 1985 A
4512387 Rodriguez Apr 1985 A
4529887 Johnson Jul 1985 A
4538916 Zimmerman Sep 1985 A
4601629 Zimmerman Jul 1986 A
4676063 Goebel et al. Jun 1987 A
4759674 Schroder Jul 1988 A
4768884 Elkin Sep 1988 A
4783038 Gilbert Nov 1988 A
4793386 Sloan Dec 1988 A
4845981 Pearson Jul 1989 A
4922463 Del Zotto May 1990 A
5004400 Handke Apr 1991 A
5006044 Walker, Sr. Apr 1991 A
5025861 Huber Jun 1991 A
5050673 Baldridge Sep 1991 A
5114239 Allen May 1992 A
5130628 Owen Jul 1992 A
5131472 Dees et al. Jul 1992 A
5172009 Mohan Dec 1992 A
5189388 Mosley Feb 1993 A
5230366 Marandi Jul 1993 A
5293947 Stratton Mar 1994 A
5334899 Skybyk Aug 1994 A
5366324 Arlt Nov 1994 A
5422550 McClanahan Jun 1995 A
5433243 Griswold Jul 1995 A
5439066 Gipson Aug 1995 A
5486047 Zimmerman Jan 1996 A
5517822 Haws et al. May 1996 A
5548093 Sato Aug 1996 A
5549285 Collins Aug 1996 A
5590976 Kilheffer Jan 1997 A
5606853 Birch Mar 1997 A
5655361 Kishi Aug 1997 A
5736838 Dove et al. Apr 1998 A
5755096 Holleyman May 1998 A
5790972 Kohlenberger Aug 1998 A
5791636 Loziuk Aug 1998 A
5798596 Lordo Aug 1998 A
5865247 Paterson Feb 1999 A
5879137 Yie Mar 1999 A
5894888 Wiemers Apr 1999 A
5907970 Havlovick et al. Jun 1999 A
5950726 Roberts Sep 1999 A
6035265 Dister et al. Mar 2000 A
6097310 Harrell et al. Aug 2000 A
6116040 Stark Sep 2000 A
6121705 Hoong Sep 2000 A
6138764 Scarsdale et al. Oct 2000 A
6142878 Barin Nov 2000 A
6164910 Mayleben Dec 2000 A
6202702 Ohira Mar 2001 B1
6208098 Kume Mar 2001 B1
6254462 Kelton Jul 2001 B1
6271637 Kushion Aug 2001 B1
6273193 Hermann Aug 2001 B1
6315523 Mills Nov 2001 B1
6406011 Kosar Jun 2002 B1
6477852 Dodo Nov 2002 B2
6484490 Olsen Nov 2002 B1
6491098 Dallas Dec 2002 B1
6510695 Fisher Jan 2003 B1
6529135 Bowers et al. Mar 2003 B1
6626646 Rajewski Sep 2003 B2
6719900 Hawkins Apr 2004 B2
6765304 Baten et al. Jul 2004 B2
6776227 Beida Aug 2004 B2
6788022 Sopko Sep 2004 B2
6802690 Han Oct 2004 B2
6808303 Fisher Oct 2004 B2
6837910 Yoshikawa Jan 2005 B1
6931310 Shimizu et al. Aug 2005 B2
6936947 Leijon Aug 2005 B1
6985750 Vicknair et al. Jan 2006 B1
7082993 Ayoub Aug 2006 B2
7104233 Ryczek et al. Sep 2006 B2
7170262 Pettigrew Jan 2007 B2
7173399 Sihler Feb 2007 B2
7279655 Blutke Oct 2007 B2
7308933 Mayfield Dec 2007 B1
7309835 Morrison Dec 2007 B2
7312593 Streicher et al. Dec 2007 B1
7336514 Amarillas Feb 2008 B2
7341287 Gibb Mar 2008 B2
7445041 O'Brien Nov 2008 B2
7494263 Dykstra Feb 2009 B2
7500642 Cunningham Mar 2009 B2
7525264 Dodge Apr 2009 B2
7563076 Brunet Jul 2009 B2
7581379 Yoshida Sep 2009 B2
7675189 Grenier Mar 2010 B2
7683499 Saucier Mar 2010 B2
7717193 Egilsson May 2010 B2
7755310 West et al. Jul 2010 B2
7770396 Roby Aug 2010 B2
7795830 Johnson Sep 2010 B2
7807048 Collette Oct 2010 B2
7835140 Mori Nov 2010 B2
7845413 Shampine Dec 2010 B2
7900893 Teurlay Mar 2011 B2
7926562 Poitzsch Apr 2011 B2
7940039 de Buda May 2011 B2
7894757 Keast Jul 2011 B2
7977824 Halen et al. Jul 2011 B2
8037936 Neuroth Oct 2011 B2
8054084 Schulz et al. Nov 2011 B2
8083504 Williams Dec 2011 B2
8091928 Carrier Jan 2012 B2
8096354 Poitzsch Jan 2012 B2
8096891 Lochtefeld Jan 2012 B2
8139383 Efraimsson Mar 2012 B2
8146665 Neal Apr 2012 B2
8154419 Daussin et al. Apr 2012 B2
8221513 Ariyapadi Jul 2012 B2
8232892 Overholt et al. Jul 2012 B2
8261528 Chillar Sep 2012 B2
8272439 Strickland Sep 2012 B2
8310272 Quarto Nov 2012 B2
8354817 Yeh et al. Jan 2013 B2
8474521 Kajaria Jul 2013 B2
RE44444 Dole Aug 2013 E
8506267 Gambier et al. Aug 2013 B2
8534235 Chandler Sep 2013 B2
8556302 Dole Oct 2013 B2
8573303 Kerfoot Nov 2013 B2
8596056 Woodmansee Dec 2013 B2
8616005 Cousino Dec 2013 B1
8616274 Belcher Dec 2013 B2
8646521 Bowen Feb 2014 B2
8692408 Zhang et al. Apr 2014 B2
8727068 Bruin May 2014 B2
8760657 Pope Jun 2014 B2
8763387 Schmidt Jul 2014 B2
8774972 Rusnak Jul 2014 B2
8789601 Broussard Jul 2014 B2
8795525 McGinnis et al. Aug 2014 B2
8800652 Bartko Aug 2014 B2
8807960 Stephenson Aug 2014 B2
8838341 Kumano Sep 2014 B2
8851860 Mail Oct 2014 B1
8857506 Stone, Jr. Oct 2014 B2
8899940 Laugemors Dec 2014 B2
8905056 Kendrick Dec 2014 B2
8905138 Undstedt et al. Dec 2014 B2
8997904 Cryer Apr 2015 B2
9018881 Mao et al. Apr 2015 B2
9051822 Ayan Jun 2015 B2
9051923 Kuo Jun 2015 B2
9061223 Winborn Jun 2015 B2
9062545 Roberts et al. Jun 2015 B2
9067182 Nichols Jun 2015 B2
9103193 Coli Aug 2015 B2
9119326 McDonnell Aug 2015 B2
9121257 Coli et al. Sep 2015 B2
9140110 Coli et al. Sep 2015 B2
9160168 Chapel Oct 2015 B2
9175554 Watson Nov 2015 B1
9206684 Parra Dec 2015 B2
9260253 Naizer Feb 2016 B2
9322239 Angeles Boza et al. Apr 2016 B2
9324049 Thomeer Apr 2016 B2
9340353 Oren May 2016 B2
9366114 Coli et al. Jun 2016 B2
9410410 Broussard Aug 2016 B2
9450385 Kristensen Sep 2016 B2
9458687 Hallundbaek Oct 2016 B2
9475020 Coli et al. Oct 2016 B2
9475021 Coli et al. Oct 2016 B2
9482086 Richardson et al. Nov 2016 B2
9499335 McIver Nov 2016 B2
9506333 Castillo et al. Nov 2016 B2
9513055 Seal Dec 2016 B1
9534473 Morris Jan 2017 B2
9562420 Morris et al. Feb 2017 B2
9587649 Oehring Mar 2017 B2
9611728 Oehring Apr 2017 B2
9650871 Oehring et al. May 2017 B2
9650879 Broussard et al. May 2017 B2
9706185 Ellis Jul 2017 B2
9728354 Skolozdra Aug 2017 B2
9738461 DeGaray Aug 2017 B2
9739546 Bertilsson et al. Aug 2017 B2
9745840 Oehring Aug 2017 B2
9840901 Oehring Dec 2017 B2
9863228 Shampine et al. Jan 2018 B2
9893500 Oehring Feb 2018 B2
9903190 Conrad Feb 2018 B2
9909398 Pham Mar 2018 B2
9915128 Hunter Mar 2018 B2
9932799 Symchuk Apr 2018 B2
9963961 Hardin May 2018 B2
9970278 Broussard May 2018 B2
9976351 Randall May 2018 B2
9995218 Oehring Jun 2018 B2
10008880 Vicknair Jun 2018 B2
10020711 Oehring Jul 2018 B2
10036238 Oehring Jul 2018 B2
10107086 Oehring Oct 2018 B2
10119381 Oehring Nov 2018 B2
10184465 Enis et al. Jan 2019 B2
10196878 Hunter Feb 2019 B2
10221639 Romer et al. Mar 2019 B2
10227854 Glass Mar 2019 B2
10232332 Oehring Mar 2019 B2
10246984 Payne Apr 2019 B2
10254732 Oehring Apr 2019 B2
10260327 Kajaria Apr 2019 B2
10280724 Hinderliter May 2019 B2
10287873 Filas May 2019 B2
10302079 Kendrick May 2019 B2
10309205 Randall Jun 2019 B2
10337308 Broussard Jul 2019 B2
10371012 Davis Aug 2019 B2
10378326 Morris Aug 2019 B2
10393108 Chong Aug 2019 B2
10407990 Oehring Sep 2019 B2
10408030 Oehring Sep 2019 B2
10408031 Oehring Sep 2019 B2
10415332 Morris et al. Sep 2019 B2
10436026 Ounadjela Oct 2019 B2
10526882 Oehring Jan 2020 B2
10627003 Dale et al. Apr 2020 B2
10648311 Oehring May 2020 B2
10669471 Schmidt et al. Jun 2020 B2
10669804 Kotrla Jun 2020 B2
10690131 Rashid Jun 2020 B2
10695950 Igo Jun 2020 B2
10711576 Bishop Jul 2020 B2
10740730 Altamirano et al. Aug 2020 B2
10794165 Fischer et al. Oct 2020 B2
10934824 Oehring Mar 2021 B2
11091992 Broussard Aug 2021 B2
20010000996 Grimland et al. May 2001 A1
20020169523 Ross et al. Nov 2002 A1
20030056514 Lohn Mar 2003 A1
20030057704 Baten Mar 2003 A1
20030079875 Weng May 2003 A1
20030138327 Jones et al. Jul 2003 A1
20040040746 Niedermayr et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040102109 Cratty et al. May 2004 A1
20040167738 Miller Aug 2004 A1
20050061548 Hooper Mar 2005 A1
20050116541 Seiver Jun 2005 A1
20050201197 Duell et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050274508 Folk Dec 2005 A1
20060052903 Bassett Mar 2006 A1
20060065319 Csitari Mar 2006 A1
20060109141 Huang May 2006 A1
20060260331 Andreychuk Nov 2006 A1
20070125544 Robinson Jun 2007 A1
20070131410 Hill Jun 2007 A1
20070187163 Cone Aug 2007 A1
20070201305 Heilman Aug 2007 A1
20070226089 DeGaray Sep 2007 A1
20070277982 Shampine Dec 2007 A1
20070278140 Mallet et al. Dec 2007 A1
20080017369 Sarada Jan 2008 A1
20080041596 Blount Feb 2008 A1
20080095644 Mantei et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080112802 Orlando May 2008 A1
20080137266 Jensen Jun 2008 A1
20080164023 Dykstra et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080208478 Ella et al. Aug 2008 A1
20080217024 Moore Sep 2008 A1
20080236818 Dykstra Oct 2008 A1
20080257449 Weinstein et al. Oct 2008 A1
20080264625 Ochoa Oct 2008 A1
20080264640 Eslinger Oct 2008 A1
20080264649 Crawford Oct 2008 A1
20080277120 Hickie Nov 2008 A1
20080288115 Rusnak Nov 2008 A1
20090045782 Datta Feb 2009 A1
20090065299 Vito Mar 2009 A1
20090068031 Gambier Mar 2009 A1
20090068301 Gambier Mar 2009 A1
20090072645 Quere Mar 2009 A1
20090078410 Krenek Mar 2009 A1
20090090504 Weightman Apr 2009 A1
20090093317 Kajiwara et al. Apr 2009 A1
20090095482 Surjaatmadja Apr 2009 A1
20090114392 Tolman May 2009 A1
20090145611 Pallini, Jr. Jun 2009 A1
20090153354 Daussin Jun 2009 A1
20090188181 Forbis Jul 2009 A1
20090200035 Bjerkreim et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090260826 Sherwood Oct 2009 A1
20090308602 Bruins Dec 2009 A1
20090315297 Nadeau Dec 2009 A1
20100000508 Chandler Jan 2010 A1
20100019574 Baldassarre et al. Jan 2010 A1
20100038907 Hunt Feb 2010 A1
20100045109 Arnold Feb 2010 A1
20100051272 Loree et al. Mar 2010 A1
20100101785 Khvoshchev Apr 2010 A1
20100132949 DeFosse et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100146981 Motakef Jun 2010 A1
20100172202 Borgstadt Jul 2010 A1
20100193057 Garner Aug 2010 A1
20100200224 Nguete Aug 2010 A1
20100250139 Hobbs Sep 2010 A1
20100281876 Khan Nov 2010 A1
20100293973 Erickson Nov 2010 A1
20100303655 Scekic Dec 2010 A1
20100322802 Kugelev Dec 2010 A1
20110005757 Hebert Jan 2011 A1
20110017468 Birch et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110052423 Gambier Mar 2011 A1
20110061855 Case Mar 2011 A1
20110081268 Ochoa et al. Apr 2011 A1
20110085924 Shampine Apr 2011 A1
20110110793 Leugemores et al. May 2011 A1
20110166046 Weaver Jul 2011 A1
20110175397 Amrine Jul 2011 A1
20110197988 Van Vliet Aug 2011 A1
20110241590 Horikoshi Oct 2011 A1
20110247878 Rasheed Oct 2011 A1
20110272158 Neal Nov 2011 A1
20120018016 Gibson Jan 2012 A1
20120049625 Hopwood Mar 2012 A1
20120063936 Baxter et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120085541 Love et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120112757 Vrankovic May 2012 A1
20120127635 Grindeland May 2012 A1
20120150455 Franklin et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120152716 Kikukawa et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120205301 McGuire et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120205400 DeGaray Aug 2012 A1
20120222865 Arson Sep 2012 A1
20120232728 Karimi et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120247783 Bemer, Jr. Oct 2012 A1
20120255734 Coli Oct 2012 A1
20130009469 Gillett Jan 2013 A1
20130025706 DeGaray Jan 2013 A1
20130078114 Van Rijswick Mar 2013 A1
20130138254 Seals May 2013 A1
20130175038 Conrad Jul 2013 A1
20130175039 Guidry Jul 2013 A1
20130180722 Olarte Caro Jul 2013 A1
20130189629 Chandler Jul 2013 A1
20130199617 DeGaray Aug 2013 A1
20130233542 Shampine Sep 2013 A1
20130255271 Yu et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130284278 Winborn Oct 2013 A1
20130284455 Kajaria et al. Oct 2013 A1
20130299167 Fordyce Nov 2013 A1
20130306322 Sanborn Nov 2013 A1
20130317750 Hunter Nov 2013 A1
20130341029 Roberts et al. Dec 2013 A1
20130343858 Flusche Dec 2013 A1
20140000899 Nevison Jan 2014 A1
20140010671 Cryer et al. Jan 2014 A1
20140054965 Jain Feb 2014 A1
20140060658 Hains Mar 2014 A1
20140077607 Clarke Mar 2014 A1
20140095114 Thomeer Apr 2014 A1
20140096974 Coli Apr 2014 A1
20140124162 Eavitt May 2014 A1
20140138079 Broussard May 2014 A1
20140174717 Broussard Jun 2014 A1
20140219824 Burnette Aug 2014 A1
20140238683 Korach Aug 2014 A1
20140246211 Guidry et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140251623 Lestz et al. Sep 2014 A1
20140255214 Burnette Sep 2014 A1
20140277772 Lopez Sep 2014 A1
20140290768 Randle Oct 2014 A1
20140294603 Best Oct 2014 A1
20140379300 Devine et al. Dec 2014 A1
20150027712 Vicknair Jan 2015 A1
20150053426 Smith Feb 2015 A1
20150068724 Coli et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150068754 Coli et al. Mar 2015 A1
20150075778 Walters Mar 2015 A1
20150083426 Esko Mar 2015 A1
20150097504 Lamascus Apr 2015 A1
20150114652 Estz Apr 2015 A1
20150136043 Shaaban May 2015 A1
20150144336 Hardin May 2015 A1
20150147194 Foote May 2015 A1
20150159911 Holt Jun 2015 A1
20150175013 Cryer et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150176386 Castillo et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150211512 Wiegman Jul 2015 A1
20150211524 Broussard Jul 2015 A1
20150217672 Shampine Aug 2015 A1
20150225113 Lungu Aug 2015 A1
20150233530 Sandidge Aug 2015 A1
20150252661 Glass Sep 2015 A1
20150300145 Coli et al. Oct 2015 A1
20150300336 Hernandez et al. Oct 2015 A1
20150314225 Coli et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150330172 Allmaras Nov 2015 A1
20150354322 Vicknair Dec 2015 A1
20160006311 Li Jan 2016 A1
20160032703 Broussard Feb 2016 A1
20160102537 Lopez Apr 2016 A1
20160105022 Oehring Apr 2016 A1
20160160889 Hoffman et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160177675 Morris et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160177678 Morris Jun 2016 A1
20160186531 Harkless et al. Jun 2016 A1
20160208592 Oehring Jul 2016 A1
20160208593 Coli et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160208594 Coli et al. Jul 2016 A1
20160208595 Tang Jul 2016 A1
20160221220 Paige Aug 2016 A1
20160230524 Dumoit Aug 2016 A1
20160230525 Lestz et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160258267 Payne Sep 2016 A1
20160265457 Stephenson Sep 2016 A1
20160273328 Oehring Sep 2016 A1
20160273456 Zhang et al. Sep 2016 A1
20160281484 Lestz Sep 2016 A1
20160290114 Oehring Oct 2016 A1
20160290563 Diggins Oct 2016 A1
20160312108 Lestz et al. Oct 2016 A1
20160319650 Oehring Nov 2016 A1
20160326853 Fred et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160326854 Broussard Nov 2016 A1
20160326855 Coli et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160341281 Brunvold et al. Nov 2016 A1
20160348479 Oehring Dec 2016 A1
20160349728 Oehring Dec 2016 A1
20160369609 Morris et al. Dec 2016 A1
20170016433 Chong Jan 2017 A1
20170021318 McIver et al. Jan 2017 A1
20170022788 Oehring Jan 2017 A1
20170022807 Dursun Jan 2017 A1
20170028368 Oehring Feb 2017 A1
20170030177 Oehring Feb 2017 A1
20170030178 Oehring Feb 2017 A1
20170036178 Coli et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170036872 Wallace Feb 2017 A1
20170037717 Oehring Feb 2017 A1
20170037718 Coli et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170043280 Vankouwenberg Feb 2017 A1
20170051732 Hemandez et al. Feb 2017 A1
20170074076 Joseph et al. Mar 2017 A1
20170082033 Wu et al. Mar 2017 A1
20170096885 Oehring Apr 2017 A1
20170096889 Blanckaert et al. Apr 2017 A1
20170104389 Morris et al. Apr 2017 A1
20170114625 Norris Apr 2017 A1
20170130743 Anderson May 2017 A1
20170138171 Richards et al. May 2017 A1
20170145918 Oehring May 2017 A1
20170146189 Herman May 2017 A1
20170159570 Bickert Jun 2017 A1
20170159654 Kendrick Jun 2017 A1
20170175516 Eslinger Jun 2017 A1
20170204852 Barnett Jul 2017 A1
20170212535 Shelman et al. Jul 2017 A1
20170218727 Oehring Aug 2017 A1
20170218843 Oehring Aug 2017 A1
20170222409 Oehring Aug 2017 A1
20170226838 Ciezobka Aug 2017 A1
20170226839 Broussard Aug 2017 A1
20170226842 Omont Aug 2017 A1
20170234250 Janik Aug 2017 A1
20170241221 Seshadri Aug 2017 A1
20170259227 Morris et al. Sep 2017 A1
20170292513 Haddad Oct 2017 A1
20170313499 Hughes et al. Nov 2017 A1
20170314380 Oehring Nov 2017 A1
20170314979 Ye et al. Nov 2017 A1
20170328179 Dykstra Nov 2017 A1
20170369258 DeGaray Dec 2017 A1
20170370639 Barden et al. Dec 2017 A1
20180028992 Stegemoeller Feb 2018 A1
20180038216 Zhang Feb 2018 A1
20180045331 Lopez Feb 2018 A1
20180090914 Johnson et al. Mar 2018 A1
20180156210 Oehring Jun 2018 A1
20180181830 Luharuka et al. Jun 2018 A1
20180183219 Oehring Jun 2018 A1
20180216455 Andreychuk Aug 2018 A1
20180238147 Shahri Aug 2018 A1
20180245428 Richards Aug 2018 A1
20180258746 Broussard Sep 2018 A1
20180259080 Dale et al. Sep 2018 A1
20180266217 Funkhauser et al. Sep 2018 A1
20180266412 Stokkevag Sep 2018 A1
20180274446 Oehring Sep 2018 A1
20180284817 Cook et al. Oct 2018 A1
20180291713 Jeanson Oct 2018 A1
20180298731 Bishop Oct 2018 A1
20180312738 Rutsch et al. Nov 2018 A1
20180313677 Warren et al. Nov 2018 A1
20180320483 Zhang Nov 2018 A1
20180343125 Clish Nov 2018 A1
20180363437 Coli Dec 2018 A1
20180363640 Kajita et al. Dec 2018 A1
20190003329 Morris Jan 2019 A1
20190010793 Hinderliter Jan 2019 A1
20190040727 Oehring et al. Feb 2019 A1
20190063309 Davis Feb 2019 A1
20190100989 Stewart Apr 2019 A1
20190112910 Oehring Apr 2019 A1
20190119096 Haile Apr 2019 A1
20190120024 Oehring Apr 2019 A1
20190128080 Ross May 2019 A1
20190128104 Graham et al. May 2019 A1
20190145251 Johnson May 2019 A1
20190154020 Glass May 2019 A1
20190162061 Stephenson May 2019 A1
20190169971 Oehring Jun 2019 A1
20190178057 Hunter Jun 2019 A1
20190178235 Coskrey Jun 2019 A1
20190203567 Ross Jul 2019 A1
20190203572 Morris Jul 2019 A1
20190211661 Reckels Jul 2019 A1
20190226317 Payne Jul 2019 A1
20190245348 Hinderliter Aug 2019 A1
20190249527 Kraynek Aug 2019 A1
20190257462 Rogers Aug 2019 A1
20190292866 Ross Sep 2019 A1
20190292891 Kajaria Sep 2019 A1
20190316447 Oehring Oct 2019 A1
20200047141 Oehring Feb 2020 A1
20200088152 Allion et al. Mar 2020 A1
20200232454 Chretien Jul 2020 A1
20210198994 Christinzio Jul 2021 A1
20220385074 Hinderliter Dec 2022 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (39)
Number Date Country
2007340913 Jul 2008 AU
2406801 Nov 2001 CA
2707269 Dec 2010 CA
2482943 May 2011 CA
3050131 Nov 2011 CA
2955706 Oct 2012 CA
2966672 Oct 2012 CA
3000322 Apr 2013 CA
2787814 Feb 2014 CA
2833711 May 2014 CA
2978706 Sep 2016 CA
2944980 Feb 2017 CA
3006422 Jun 2017 CA
3018485 Aug 2017 CA
2964593 Oct 2017 CA
2849825 Jul 2018 CA
3067854 Jan 2019 CA
2919649 Feb 2019 CA
2919666 Jul 2019 CA
2797081 Sep 2019 CA
2945579 Oct 2019 CA
201687513 Dec 2010 CN
101977016 Feb 2011 CN
202023547 Nov 2011 CN
102602322 Jul 2012 CN
104117308 Oct 2014 CN
104196613 Dec 2014 CN
205986303 Feb 2017 CN
108049999 May 2018 CN
112196508 Jan 2021 CN
2004264589 Sep 2004 JP
0047893 Aug 2000 WO
2012051705 Apr 2012 WO
2014116761 Jul 2014 WO
2014177346 Nov 2014 WO
2016144939 Sep 2016 WO
2016160458 Oct 2016 WO
2018044307 Mar 2018 WO
2018213925 Nov 2018 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (297)
Entry
Non-Final Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 14/881,535 dated May 20, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 15/145,443 dated May 8, 2020.
Non-Final Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 16/458,696 dated May 22, 2020.
International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US2020/023809 dated Jun. 2, 2020.
Karin, “Duel Fuel Diesel Engines,” (2015), Taylor & Francis, pp. 62-63, Retrieved from https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpDFDE0001/dual-fueal-diesel-engines/duel-fuel-diesel-engines (Year 2015).
Goodwin, “High-voltage auxilliary switchgear for power stations,” Power Engineering Journal, 1989, 10 pg. (Year 1989).
Final Office Action dated Mar. 31, 2020 corresponding to U.S. Appl. No. 15/356,436.
Non-Final Office Action dated Mar. 3, 2020 corresponding to U.S. Appl. No. 16/152,695.
JK Power Networks—Transformers to Supply Heat to Tate Modern—from Press Releases May 16, 2013.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/293,681 dated Feb. 16, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/294,349 dated Mar. 14, 2017.
Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/145,491 dated Jan. 20, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/145,443 dated Feb. 7, 2017.
Notice of Allowance issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/217,040 dated Mar. 28, 2017.
Notice of Allowance issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/622,532 dated Mar. 27, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/291,842 dated Jan. 6, 2017.
Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/622,532 dated Dec. 7, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/622,532 dated May 17, 2016.
Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/622,532 dated Dec. 21, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/622,532 dated Aug. 5, 2015.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/145,491 on Sep. 12, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/217,040 dated Nov. 29, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/235,788 dated Dec. 14, 2016.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/145,491 dated May 15, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/486,970 dated Jun. 22, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/487,656 dated Jun. 23, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/487,694 dated Jun. 26, 2017.
Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/294,349 dated Jul. 6, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/884,363 dated Sep. 5, 2017.
Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/145,491 dated Sep. 6, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 14/881,535 dated Oct. 6, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/145,414 dated Nov. 29, 2017.
Non-Final Office Action issued in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/644,487 dated Nov. 13, 2017.
Canadian Office Action dated Mar. 2, 2018 in related Canadian Patent Application No. 2,833,711.
Office Action dated Apr. 10, 2018 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/294,349.
Office Action dated Apr. 2, 2018 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/183,387.
Office Action dated May 29, 2018 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/235,716.
Candian Office Action dated Apr. 18, 2018 in related Canadian Patent Application No. 2,928,711.
Canadian Office Action dated Jun. 22, 2018 in related Canadian Patent Application No. 2,886,697.
Office Action dated Jul. 25, 2018 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/644,487.
Office Action dated Oct. 4, 2018 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/217,081.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Sep. 19, 2018 in related PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/040683.
Canadian Office Action dated Sep. 28, 2018 in related Canadian Patent Application No. 2,945,281.
Office Action dated Dec. 12, 2018 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/160,708.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 2, 2019 in related PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/54542.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 2, 2019 in related PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/54548.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Dec. 31, 2018 in related PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/55913.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 4, 2019 in related PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/57539.
Non-Final Office Action dated Feb. 12, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/170,695.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 15, 2019 in related PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/63977.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Mar. 5, 2019 in related PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US18/63970.
Non-Final Office Action dated Feb. 25, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/210,749.
Non-Final Office Action dated Mar. 6, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/183,387.
Office Action dated Jan. 30, 2019 in related Canadian Patent Application No. 2,936,997.
Office Action dated Mar. 1, 2019 in related Canadian Patent Application No. 2,943,275.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Apr. 10, 2019 in corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/016635.
Notice of Allowance dated Apr. 23, 2019 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 15/635,028.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jan. 2, 2020 in related PCT Application No. PCT/US19/55325.
Notice of Allowance dated Jan. 9, 2020 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/570,331.
Non-Final Office Action dated Dec. 23, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/597,008.
Non-Final Office Action dated Jan. 10, 2020 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/597,014.
Non-Final Office Action dated Dec. 6, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/564,186.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Nov. 26, 2019 in related PCT Application No. PCT/US19/51018.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 11, 2020 in related PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/055323.
Schlumberger, “Jet Manual 23, Fracturing Pump Units, SPF/SPS-343, Version 1.0,” Jan. 31, 2007, 68 pages.
Stewart & Stevenson, “Stimulation Systems,” 2007, 20 pages.
Luis Gamboa, “Variable Frequency Drives in Oil and Gas Pumping Systems,” Dec. 17, 2011, 5 pages.
“Griswold Model 811 Pumps: Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, ANSI Process Pump,” 2010, 60 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jul. 9, 2019 in corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/027584.
Office Action dated Jun. 11, 2019 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 16/210,749.
Office Action dated May 10, 2019 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 16/268,030.
Canadian Office Action dated May 30, 2019 in corresponding CA Application No. 2,833,711.
Canadian Office Action dated Jun. 20, 2019 in corresponding CA Application No. 2,964,597.
Office Action dated Jun. 7, 2019 in corresponding U.S. Appl. No. 16/268,030.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Sep. 11, 2019 in related PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/037493.
Office Action dated Aug. 19, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/356,436.
Office Action dated Oct. 2, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/152,732.
Office Action dated Sep. 11, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/268,030.
Office Action dated Oct. 11, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/385,070.
Office Action dated Sep. 3, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 15/994,772.
Office Action dated Sep. 20, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/443,273.
Canadian Office Action dated Oct. 1, 2019 in related Canadian Patent Application No. 2,936,997.
Non-Final Office dated Oct. 26, 2020 in U.S. Appl. No. 15/356,436.
Non-Final Office dated Oct. 5, 2020 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/443,273.
Non-Final Office Action dated Sep. 29, 2020 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/943,727.
Non-Final Office Action dated Sep. 2, 2020 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/356,263.
Non-Final Office Action dated Aug. 31, 2020 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/167,083.
Albone, “Mobile Compressor Stations for Natural Gas Transmission Service,” ASME 67-GT-33, Turbo Expo, Power for Land, Sea and Air, vol. 79887, p. 1-10, 1967.
Canadian Office Action dated Sep. 22, 2020 in Canadian Application No. 2,982,974.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Sep. 3, 2020 in PCT/US2020/36932.
“Process Burner” (https://www.cebasrt.com/productsloii-gaslprocess-bumer) Sep. 6, 2018 (Sep. 6, 2018), entire document, especially para (Burners for refinery Heaters].
Water and Glycol Heating Systems˜ (https://www.heat-inc.com/wg-series-water-glycol-systems/) Jun. 18, 2018 (Jun. 18, 2018), entire document, especially WG Series Water Glycol Systems.
“Heat Exchanger” (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heat_exchanger&oldid=89300146) Dec. 18, 2019 Apr. 2019 (Apr. 18, 2019), entire document, especially para (0001].
Canadian Office Action dated Sep. 8, 2020 in Canadian Patent Application No. 2,928,707.
Canadian Office Action dated Aug. 31, 2020 in Canadian Patent Application No. 2,944,980.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 28, 2020 in PCT/US20/23821.
International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed in PCT/US20/67526 dated May 6, 2021.
International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed in PCT/US20/67608 dated Mar. 30, 2021.
International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed in PCT/US20/67528 dated Mar. 19, 2021.
International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed in PCT/US20/67146 dated Mar. 29, 2021.
International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed in PCT/US20/67523 dated Mar. 22, 2021.
International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed in PCT/US2020/066543 dated May 11, 2021.
Non-Final Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 16/871,928 dated Aug. 25, 2021.
Non-Final Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 16/943,727 dated Aug. 3, 2021.
Non-Final Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 14/881,525 dated Jul. 21, 2021.
Non-Final Office Action issued in U.S. Appl. No. 16/404,283 dated Jul. 21, 2021.
Notice of Allowance and Notice of Allowability issued in U.S. Appl. No. 15/829,419 dated Jul. 26, 2021.
Woodbury et al., “Electrical Design Considerations for Drilling Rigs,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 1A-12, No. 4, Jul./Aug. 1976, pp. 421-431.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jun. 2, 2020 in corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US20/23809.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jun. 23, 2020 in corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US20/23912.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jul. 22, 2020 in corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US20/00017.
Office Action dated Aug. 4, 2020 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/385,070.
Office Action dated Jun. 29, 2020 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/404,283.
Office Action dated Jun. 29, 2020 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/728,359.
Office Action dated Jun. 22, 2020 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/377,861.
Canadian Office Action dated Aug. 18, 2020 in related CA Patent Application No. 2,933,444.
Canadian Office Action dated Aug. 17, 2020 in related CA Patent Application No. 2,944,968.
Morris et al., U.S. Appl. No. 62/526,869, Hydration-Blender Transport and Electric Power Distribution for Fracturing Operation; Jun. 28, 2018; USPTO; see entire document.
Final Office Action dated Feb. 4, 2021 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/597,014.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 4, 2021 in PCT/US20/59834.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 2, 2021 in PCT/US20/58906.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 3, 2021 in PCT/US20/58899.
Non-Final Office Action dated Jan. 29, 2021 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/564,185.
Final Office Action dated Jan. 21, 2021 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/458,696.
Final Office Action dated Jan. 11, 2021 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/404,283.
Non-Final Office Action dated Jan. 4, 2021 in U.S. Appl. No. 16/522,043.
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Dec. 14, 2020 in PCT/US2020/53980.
U.S. Well Services, LLC v Tops Well Services, LLC and Honghua America, LLC, Case No. 3:19-cv-00237, Document 72-9, Declaration of Dr. Robert Schaaf, Apr. 24, 2020, 52 pages.
U.S. Well Services, LLC v Tops Well Services, LLC and Honghua America, LLC, Case No. 3:19-cv-00237 Document 72-9, Declaration of Dr. Robert Schaaf—part 2, Apr. 24, 2020, 128 pages.
U.S. Well Services, LLC v Tops Well Services, LLC and Honghua America, LLC, Case No. 3:19-cv-00237, Document 72-9, Declaration of Dr. Robert Schaaf—part 3, Apr. 24, 2020, 47 pages.
U.S. Well Services, LLC v Tops Well Services, LLC and Honghua America, LLC, Case No. 3:19-cv-00237, Document 72, Plaintiff's Opening Claim Construction Brief, Apr. 24, 2020, 37 pages.
U.S. Well Services, LLC v Tops Well Services, LLC and Honghua America, LLC, Case No. 3:19-cv-00237, Document 116, Hearing on Markman and Summary Judgment via Video Conference before the Honorable Andrew M. Edison Day 1 of 1 Day—Transcript, Jun. 15, 2020, 308 pages.
Kirsch Research and Development, LLC v Tarco Specialty Products, Inc., Case No. 6:20-cv-00318-ADA, Document 62, Memorandum Opinion and Order Granting Defendant's Opposed Motion to Stay Pending Inter Partes Review of the '482 Patent [ECF No. 57], Oct. 4, 2021, 6 pages.
Ledcomm LLC v Signfiy North America Corp., Signify Holding B.V., and Signify N.V., Case No. 6:20-cv-01056-ADA, Document 24, Scheduling Order, Aug. 13, 2021, 4 pages.
Transcend Shipping Systems, LLC and Hapag-Lloyd AG and Hapag-Lloyd (America) LLC, CMA CGM (America) LLC and CMA CGM S.A., Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A., Case Nos. 6:20-cv-1195-ADA, 6:21-cv-0018-ADA, and 6:21-cv-0040-ADA, Document 19, Proposed Amended Scheduling Order, Aug. 13, 2021, 6 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co., Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Document 51, Agreed Scheduling Order, Sep. 16, 2021, 5 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co., Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Plaintiff's Disclosure of Asserted Claims and Preliminary Infringement Contentions, Jul. 12, 2021, 9 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co., Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Plaintiff U.S. Well Services, LLC's Disclosure of Extrinsic Evidence, Oct. 19, 2021, 10 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co., Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Defendants' Preliminary Invalidity Contentions, Sep. 10, 2021, 193 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co., Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Document 1-8, Exhibit H, Halliburton—All Electric Fracturing Reducing Emissions and Cost, Apr. 15, 2021, 6 pages.
Bill Lockley and Barry Wood, “What do the API Motor/Generator Features Cost and What Do They Buy You?” 2010 IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2010-22, 10 pages.
American Petroleum Institute, “Form-wound Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors—500 Horsepower and Larger,” Jun. 2004, Fourth Edition, ANSI/API Standard 541-2003, 88 pages.
Assignment record of U.S. Pat. No. 9,366, 114, accessed Aug. 19, 2021, 2 pages.
ASTM International, “Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements” Oct. 13, 2006, 16 pages.
“U.S. Well Services Issues $125.5 Million Convertible Senior Secured PIK Notes, Executes License Agreement with ProFrac Manufacturing, LLC and Finalizes Amendment to Senior Secured Term Loan,” Jun. 28, 2021, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/u-well-services-issues-125-203000637.html?guccounter=1, 6 pages.
Declaration of Joel N. Broussard, Case Nos. IPR2021-01032 & IPR2021-01033, Oct. 13, 2021, 9 pages.
Declaration of Dr. Robert Durham, Case Nos. IPR2021-01033, IPR2021-01032 and IPR2021-01034, Jun. 18, 2021, 179 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, Case Nos. IPR2021-01032 and IPR2021-01033, Oct. 12, 2021, 45 pages.
Declaration of Sylvia D. Hall-Ellis, Ph.D., Case Nos. IPR2021-01032, IPR2021-01033, and IPR2021-01034, Jun. 18, 2021, 173 pages.
Stephen Cary et al, “Electric Rotating Machine Standards Part II: Magnetic Wedge Design & Monitoring Methods,” 2011 IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2011-41, 8 pages.
Janice Hoppe-Spiers, “Deploying Change,” Energy & Mining International, Spring 2017, http://www.emi-magazine.com, 5 pages.
Jim Harris, “U.S. Well Services LLC—Energy and Mining Magazine,” Energy & Mining International, Oct. 12, 2021, https://www.emi-magazine.com/sections/profiles/1221-us-well-services-llc, 3 pages.
“Clean Fleet Reduces Emissions by 99% at Hydraulic Fracturing Sites,” Fluid Power Journal, https://fluidpowerjournal.com/clean-fleet-reduces-emissions/, accessed Sep. 22, 2021, 5 pages.
Gardner Denver, Well Servicing Pump Model GD-2500Q Quintuplex—Operating and Service Manual, Aug. 2005, 46 pages.
“Halliburton Delivers Successful Grid-Powered Frac Operation,” https://www.halliburton.com/en/about-us/press-release/halliburton-delivers-first-successful-grid-powered-fracturing-operation, accessed Sep. 27, 2021, 4 pages.
Hart Energy, Hydraulic Fracturing Techbook, 2015, 99 pages.
R. Mistry et al., “Induction Motor Vibrations in view of the API 541—4th Edition,” IEEE, accessed Jun. 10, 2021, 10 pages.
“Game-changing hydraulic fracturing technology, reduces emissions by 99%,” Intrado Globe News Wire, Oct. 1, 2014, https://www.globenewswire.com/fr/news-release-2014/10/01/670,029/10100696/en/Game-changing-hydraulic-fracturing-technology-reduces-emissions-by-99.html, 4 pages.
M. Hodowanec et al., “Introduction to API Standard 541, 4th Edition—Form-Wound Squirrel Cage Induction Motors—Larger than 500 Horsepower,” 2003, IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2003-33, 9 pages.
D. Bogh et al., “A User's Guide to Factory Testing of Large Motors: What Should Your Witness Expect,” IEEE, accessed Jun. 10, 2021, 8 pages.
Dani Kass, “Fintiv Fails: PTAB Uses 'Remarkably Inaccurate' Trial Dates,” Nov. 2, 2021, Law 360, 1 page.
Eugene A. Avallone et al., “Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Edition,” 2007, pp. 3-65, 14-2, 14-3, 14-13, 14-14, 20-91, 22-12, 22-13, 22-14, 22-15, 22-16, 10-3, 20-21, 20-22, 20-85, 20-86, 20-89, and 20-90.
T. W. Pascall et al., “Navigating the Test Requirements of API 541 4th Edition,” 2007, IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2007-11, 12 pages.
“Kerr Pumps & FlowVale Awards for Excellence in Well Completion, Northeast 2017—Awarded to: U.S. Well Services,” https://www.oilandgasawards.com/winner/northeast-2017-kerr-pumps-flowvale-awards . . . ″, accessed Oct. 5, 2021, 4 pages.
“New Technology Development Award—General/Products, Northeast 2015—Awarded to: U.S. Well Services, LLC,” https://www.oilandgasawards.com/winner/northeast-2015-new-technology-development-award-generalproducts/#, accessed Aug. 23, 2021, 4 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. v. Halliburton Company, Civil Docket for Case # 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, https://ecf.txwd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/DktRpt.pl?190912742001885-L_1_0-1, Accessed Nov. 29, 2021, 13 pages.
A. T. Dufresne, “How reliable are trial dates relied on by the PTAB in the Fintiv analysis?” Perkins Coie, 2021, 3 pages.
J. Malinowski et al., “Petrochemical Standards A Comparison Between IEEE 841-2001, API 541, and API 547,” 2004, IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2004-22, 8 pages.
“Petroleum Alumnus and Team Develop Mobile Fracturing Unit that Alleviates Environmental Impact,” 2015, LSU, https://www.lsu.edu/eng/news/2015/07/20150713-mobile-fracturing-unit.php, accessed Sep. 22, 2021, 2 pages.
Liz Hampton, “Low-cost fracking offers boon to oil producers, headaches for suppliers,” Reuters, Sep. 12, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-oil-electric-fracturing-focus/low-cost-fracking-offers-boon-to-oil-producers-headaches-for-supplies, 11 pages.
Liz Hampton, “U.S. Well Services files e-frac patent lawsuit against Halliburton, Cimarex Energy,” Reuters, Apr. 15, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/us-well-services-files-e-frac-patent-lawsuit-against-halliburton-cimarex-energy, 10 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. files suit against Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co. for patent infringement, Apr. 15, 2021, PR Newswire, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-well-services-inc-files-suit-against-halliburton-company-and-cimarex-energy-co-for-patent-infringement-301270118.html, 2 pages.
Services—U.S. Well Services, http://uswellservices.com/services/, accessed Nov. 13, 2021, 10 pages.
OSHA Publications, U.S. Department of Labor—Occupational Safety and Health Administration, https://web.archive.org/web/20150406054914/https://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.AthruZ?pType=Industry, Jun. 13, 2021, 3 pages.
Steven C. Carlson, Weaponizing IPRs, Landslide, Sep. 22, 2019, 10 pages.
Declaration of Dr. Mark Ehsani, IPR2021-01066, Jul. 2, 2021, 213 pages.
Declaration of Dr. Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01066, Nov. 17, 2021, 43 pages.
Amazon.com purchase page for Electrical Engineering Reference Manual for the Electrical and Computer PE Exam, Sixth Edition, https://web.archive.org/web/20070103124447/https:/www.amazon.com/Electrical-Engineering-Reference-Manual-Computer/dp/1888577568/, accessed Jul. 23, 2021, 7 pages.
Public Catalog of the U.S. Copyright Office for search result: electrical engineering reference manual, https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=6&ti=1, 6&Search_Arg=electrical engineering reference manual&Search_Code=TALL&CNT=25&Pl . . . , accessed Jul. 21, 2021, 2 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01238, Nov. 17, 2021, 38 pages.
John A. Camera, PE, Electrical Engineering Reference Manual for the Electrical and Computer PE Exam, Sixth Edition, 2002, 102 pages.
IEEE 100 The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms Seventh Edition, 2000, 7 pages.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association, NEMA ICS 61800-4 Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive Systems, Part 4: General Requirements—Rating Specifications for A.C. Power Drive Systems above 1000 V a.c. and Not Exceeding 35 kV, 2004 22 pages.
Professional Publications, Inc., FE Exam, PE Exam, ARE Exam, and NCIDQ Exam Review / Professional Engineering Licensing, About PPI, https://web.archive.org/web/20031219231426/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi_pg_aboutppi.html, accessed Jul. 22, 2021, 1 page.
Professional Publications, Inc., FE Exam, PE Exam, ARE Exam, and NCIDQ Exam Review / Professional Engineering Licensing, What PPI Customers Say, https://web.archive.org/web/20031226130924/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi_pg_comments-EEcomments.html, accessed Jul. 22, 2021, 2 pages.
Professional Publications, Inc., FE Exam, PE Exam, ARE Exam, and NCIDQ Exam Review / Professional Engineering Licensing, Homepage, https://web.archive.org/web/20040209054901/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi, accessed Jul. 19, 2021, 1 page.
Professional Publications, Inc., FE Exam, PE Exam, ARE Exam, and NCIDQ Exam Review / Professional Engineering Licensing, The PPI Online Catalog, https://web.archive.org/web/20040215142016/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi_ct_MAIN, accessed Jul. 19, 2021, 2 pages.
Professional Publications, Inc., FE Exam, PE Exam, ARE Exam, and NCIDQ Exam Review / Professional Engineering Licensing, Electrical PE Exam Review Products, https://web.archive.org/web/20040214233851/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi_ct_ELECTRICAL, accessed Jul. 19, 2021, 7 pages.
Professional Publications, Inc., FE Exam, PE Exam, ARE Exam, and NCIDQ Exam Review / Professional Engineering Licensing, Instructor's Corner, https://web.archive.org/web/20031219232547/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi_pg_corner-corner.html, accessed Jul. 19, 2021, 2 pages.
Professional Publications, Inc., FE Exam, PE Exam, ARE Exam, and NCIDQ Exam Review / Professional Engineering Licensing, Teaching an Electrical and Computer Engineering PE Exam Review Course, https://web.archive.org/web/20031223100101/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi_pg_corner-teachee.html, accessed Jul. 19, 2021, 2 pages.
Professional Publications, Inc., Books for the FE, PE, FLS and PLS Exams, Spring 2004, http://www.ppi2pass.com/corner/catalog.pdf, 16 pages.
Lionel B. Roe, Practices and Procedures of Industrial Electrical Design, 1972, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Chapter 2: The Basic Electric System, 11 pages.
Declaration of Duncan Hall, Jul. 23, 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20031219231426/http://ppi2pass.com:80/catalog/servlet/MyPpi_pg_aboutppi.html, 12 pages.
Declaration of Robert Durham, IPR2021-01315, Aug. 12, 2021, 209 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01315, Nov. 19, 2021, 39 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co., Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Document 63, Defendants' Claim Construction Brief in Reply to U.S. Well Services, LLC's Responsive Brief, Dec. 2, 2021, 30 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. v Halliburton Company, Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Civil Docket, accessed Dec. 17, 2021, 14 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. v Halliburton Company, Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Document 64, Order Resetting Markman Hearing, Dec. 8, 2021, 1 page.
Approved American National Standard, ANSI/NEMA MG Jan. 2011, American National Standard Motors and Generators, Dec. 9, 2021, 636 pages.
Comprehensive Power: Power it Up, Feb. 27, 2013, 28 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01316, Nov. 19, 2021, 33 pages.
Declaration of Robert Durham, IPR2021-01316, Aug. 13, 2021, 75 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01538, Dec. 28, 2021, 40 pages.
Declaration of Dr. L. Brun Hilbert, Jr., P.E., IPR2021-01538, Sep. 22, 2021, 99 pages.
Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering: Third Edition, 1997, 2 pages.
49 C.F.R. Part 393 (Oct. 1, 2006), 36 pages.
“VZ Environmental Award of Excellence in Environmental Stewardship, Rocky Mountain 2016—Awarded to: U.S. Well Services, LLC,” Oil & Gas Awards, 2016, https://www.oilandgasawards.com/winner/rocky-mountain-2016-vz-environmental-award-for-excellence-in-environmental-stewardship, accessed Aug. 23, 2021, 4 pages.
Austin H. Bonnett, “Root Cause Failure Analysis for AC Induction Motors in the Petroleum and Chemical Industry,” 2010, IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2010-43, 13 pages.
Carolyn Davis, “Natural Gas Finding Niche in E-Fracking, But Diesel Still Rules,” Sep. 6, 2019, Natural Gas Intel, https://www.naturalgasintel.com/natural-gas-finding-niche-in-e-fracking-but-diesel-still-rules, 9 pages.
Tim Rahill and Michael C. Fousha, “Sorting Out the Overlap,” Jan./Feb. 2009, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 12 pages.
Jodi Shafto, “Growth in electric-fracking fleets stunted by tight producer budgets,” Aug. 6, 2019, S&P Global Market Intelligence, https://wwww.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/growth-in-electric-fracking-fleets-stunted-by-tight-producer-budgets, accessed Sep. 16, 2021, 4 pages.
A. H. Bonnett et al., “Squirrel Cage Rotor Options for A.C. Induction Motors,” IEEE, accessed May 18, 2021, 4 pages.
U.S. Well Services Investor and Analyst Update: Second Quarter 2021 in Review, 2021, 7 pages.
Standing Order Governing Proceedings—Patent Cases, in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, Waco Division, filed Nov. 17, 2021, 11 pages.
U.S. Well Services—Services, http://uswellservices.com/services/, accessed Nov. 13, 2021, 10 pages.
Elsevier, “Variable Speed Pumping—A Guide to Successful Applications,” 2019, 186 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc., and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company, Cimarex Energy Co., Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., and Halliburton US Techologies, Inc., Case No. WA:21-CV-00367-ADA, Document 61, Order Setting Markman Hearing, Nov. 29, 2021, 1 page.
U.S. Well Services, Inc., and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company, Cimarex Energy Co., Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., and Halliburton US Techologies, Inc., Case No. WA:21-CV-00367-ADA, Document 61, Order Resetting Markman Hearing, Dec. 8, 2021, 1 page.
Affidavit of Duncan Hall, Internet Archives on Jun. 7, 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20120917102614/http:/www.quincieoilfield.com/pdf/3.0%20Gardner%20Denver/2500/GD2500Q%200p%20&%20Service%20Manual.pdf, 76 pages.
Collins English Dictionary, Twelfth Edition, 2014, p. 1005.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01539, Jan. 25, 2022, 37 pages.
Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 49 CFR Parts 390, 392 and 393—Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operation; General Amendments; Final Rule, Federal Register, Aug. 15, 2005, vol. 70, No. 156, 49 pages.
D. Nedelcut et al., “On-line and Off-line Monitoring-Diagnosis System (MDS) for Power Transformers,” IEEE, 2008 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China, Apr. 21-24, 2008, 7 pages.
Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Second Edition, 2001, p. 990.
A. B. Lobo Ribeiro et al, “Multipoint Fiber-Optic Hot-Spot Sensing Network Integrated Into High Power Transformer for Continuous Monitoring,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Jul. 2008, vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 1264-1267.
Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE J1292: Automobile, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach Wiring, 49 CFR 393.28, Oct. 1981, 6 pages.
“StarTech NETRS2321E 1 Port RS-232/422/485 Serial over IP Ethernet Device Server,” StarTech, http://www.amazon.com/StarTech-NETRS2321E-RS-232-Serial-Ethernet/dp/B000YN0N0S, May 31, 2014, 4 pages.
“StarTech.com 1 Port RS232 Serial to IP Ethernet Converter (NETRS2321P),” StarTech, http://www.amazon.com/StarTech-com-Serial-Ethernet-Converter-NETRS232IP/dp/B00FJEHNSO, Oct. 9, 2014, 4 pages.
“TCP/IP Ethernet to Serial RS232 RS485 RS422 Converter,” Atc, http://www.amazon.com/Ethernet-Serial-RS232-RS485-Converter/dp/B00ATV2DX2, Feb. 1, 2014, 2 pages.
“SainSmart TCP/IP Ethernet to Serial RS232 RS485 Intelligent Communication Converter,” SainSmart, http://www.amazon.com/SainSmart-Ethernet-Intelligent-Communication-Converter/dp/B008BGLUHW, Aug. 17, 2014, 4 pages.
“Global Cache iTach, IP to Serial with PoE (IP2SL-P),” Global Cache, https://www.amazon.com/Global-Cache-iTach-Serial-IP2SL-P/dp/B003BFVNS4/, Oct. 30, 2014, 3 pages.
Declaration of Robert Durham, IPR2022-00074, Nov. 8, 2021, 177 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2022-00074, Feb. 17, 2022, 36 pages.
Eugene A. Avallone, Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers: 11th Edition, 2007, p. 16-4 and 16-22.
Moxa 802.11 Ethernet to Serial, Moxastore, http://www.moxastore.com/Moxa_802_11_Wi_Fi_Ethernet_to_Serial_s/587.html, May 24, 2016, 1 page.
Project Registration, Moxastore, http://www.moxastore.com, Feb. 15, 2015, 2 pages.
About Us, Moxastore, http://www.moxastore.com/aboutus.asp, Mar. 8, 2015, 1 page.
Declaration of Duncan Hall, Internet Archive, Oct. 26, 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20140531134153/http://www.amazon.com/StarTech-NETRS2321E-RS-232-Serial-Ethernet/dp/B000YBONOS, 43 pages.
Michael Quentin Morton, Unlocking the Earth: A Short History of Hydraulic Fracturing (2013), GeoExpro, vol. 10, No. 6, 5 pages.
Accommodating Seismic Movement, Victaulic Company, 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150412042941/http://www.victaulic.com:80/en/businesses-solutions/solutions/accommoda . . . , 2 pages.
Style W77 AGS Flexible Coupling, Victaulic Company 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150423052817/http://www.victaulic.com:80/en/products-services/products/style-w77-ags-f . . . , 1 page.
AGS Large Diameter Solutions, Victaulic Company, 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150419063052/http://www.victaulic.com:80/en/businesses-solutions/solutions/advanced-gr . . . , 2 pages.
Chiksan Original Swivel Joints, FMC, 1997, 16 pages.
Coors Tek Flowguard Products, 2012, 8 pages.
Declaration of Sylvia D. Hall-Ellis, IPR2022-00610, Feb. 28, 2022, 98 pages.
Gardner Denver, Well Servicing Pump Model GD-2500Q, GD-2500Q-HD, Quintuplex Pumps, Sep. 2011, 45 pages.
Eugene A. Avallone, Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers: 11th Edition, 2007, Section 14, 18 pages.
Mohinder L. Nayyar, Piping Handbook Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill Handbook, 2000, 77 pages.
Pulsation Dampers, Coorstek, 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20140919005733/http://coorstek.com/markets/energy_equip . . . , 2 pages.
M. E. Rahman et al., “Wire rope isolators for vibration isolation of equipment and structures—A review,” IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, Apr. 2015, 12 pages.
Victaulic Couplings Vibration Attenuation Characteristics, Victaulic, Publication 26.04, Oct. 2014, 5 pages.
Thorndike Saville, The Victaulic Pipe Joint, Journal of American Water Works Association, Nov. 1922, vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 921-927.
J. C. Wachel et al., “Analysis of Vibration and Failure Problems in Reciprocating Triplex Pumps for Oil Pipelines,” The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Presented at the Energy-Sources and Technology Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, Feb. 17-21, 1985, 8 pages.
Declaration of Nathaniel E. Frank-White, Internet Archive, Feb. 17, 2022, http://web.archive.org/web/20140329090440/http://www.enidline.com/pdffiles/WR_Catalog_2012.pdf, 82 pages.
Wire Rope Isolator Technologies, Enidine, Dec. 2011, 78 pages.
World's Best Swivel Joints, Flowvalve, 2013, https://web.archive.org/web/20150117041757/http://www.flowvalve.com:80/swivels, 10 pages.
Gardner Denver, 3″ 1502 Male Hammer Union Discharge Flange, 2005, 13 pages.
Donald G. Fink, “Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers—Thirteenth Edition,” 1993, McGraw-Hill Inc., pp. 10-13, 20-21, 20-22, 20-85, 20-20, 20-89, 20-90, 20-91, 22-12, 22-13, 22-14, 22-15 and 22-16.
Email from Michael See on Jun. 10, 2021 regarding API-541 Fourth Edition: Public Availability, 2 pages.
Halliburton, Halliburtion All-Electric Fracturing Reducing Emissions and Cost Brochure, 2021, 6 pages.
IEEE Power Engineering Society, 112 IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators, 2004, 87 pages.
U.S. Well Services, LLC v Tops Well Services, LLC, Case No. 3:19-cv-237, Document 135, Order, Sep. 22, 2021, 2 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. and U.S. Well Services, LLC v Halliburton Company and Cimarex Energy Co., Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Document 56, Defendants' Opening Claim Construction Brief, Oct. 27, 2021, 46 pages.
John Daniel, “8.30 DEP Industry Observations: New Flac Fleet; New Fleet Designs Forthcoming,” Daniel Energy Partners, Aug. 30, 2020, 13 pages.
Declaration of Joel N. Broussard, IPR2021-01034, IPR2021-01035, IPR2021-01036, and IPR2021-01037, Oct. 20, 2021, 11 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01034, Oct. 20, 2021, 47 pages.
Declaration of Dr. Mark Ehsani, IPR2021-01035, Jun. 18, 2021, 188 pages.
Stan Gibilisco, The Illustrated Dictionary of Electronics: Audio/Video Consumer Electronics Wireless Technology—Eighth Edition, 2001, p. 667.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01035, Oct. 20, 2021, 51 pages.
Declaration of Dr. L. Brun Hilbert, P.E., IPR2021-01037 and IPR2021-01038, Jun. 21, 2021, 124 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01037, Oct. 20, 2021, 52 pages.
Zeus Electric Pumping Unit, Halliburton, http://www.halliburton.com/en/products/zeus-electric-pumping-unit, 2021, 4 pages.
Declaration of Joel N. Broussard, IPR2021-01038, Oct. 20, 2021, 11 pages.
LedComm LLC v Signify North America Corporation, Case No. 6:20-cv-01056-ADA, Civil Docket, accessed Dec. 8, 2021, 11 pages.
U.S. Well Services, Inc. v Halliburton Company, Case No. 6:21-cv-00367-ADA, Civil Docket, accessed Dec. 13, 2021, 14 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01038, Nov. 10, 2021, 40 pages.
Transcend Shipping Systems LLC v Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A., Case No. 6:21-cv-00040, Document 27, Order of Dismissal with Prejudice, Dec. 7, 2021, 1 page.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH Numbered Publications, https://web.archive.org/web/20120721180008/http://www.cdc.org/niosh/pubs/all_date_desc_nopubnumbers.html, 2012, 57 pages.
America Invents Act, H.R. Rep. No. 112-98, Jun. 1, 2011, 165 pages.
Declaration of Joel N. Broussard, IPR2021-01065, Oct. 20, 2021, 11 pages.
Declaration of Dr. Robert Durham, IPR2021-01065, Jun. 18, 2021, 138 pages.
Declaration of Robert Schaaf, IPR2021-01065, Nov. 10, 2021, 33 pages.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,410,410, Excerpt—Response to Non-Final Office Action filed Feb. 3, 2016, 57 pages.
Industrial Safety & Hygiene News, OSHA issues hazard alert for fracking and drilling, Jan. 6, 2015, 1 page.
Portfolio Media Inc., A Shift to Sand: Spotlight on Silica Use in Fracking, Law360, https://www.law360.com/articles/366057/print?section=energy, accessed Jun. 10, 2021, 5 pages.
Henry Chajet, “OSHA Issues Alert on Non-Silica Fracking Hazards,” Jan. 30, 2015, National Law Review Newsroom, 2 pages.
U.S. Well Services, LLC, v Voltagrid LLC, Nathan Ough, Certarus (USA) Ltd., and Jared Oehring, Case No. 4:21-cv-3441-LHR, Document 13, Plaintiff U.S. Well Services, LLC's Motion for Preliminary Injunction and Request for dearing, Nov. 4, 2021, 311 pages.
U.S. Department of Labor—Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Hazard Alert—Worker Exposure to Silica during Hydraulic Fracturing, 2012, 7 pages.
U.S. Department of Labor—Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA and NIOSH issued hazard alert on ensuring workers in hydraulic fracturing operations have appropriate protections from silica exposure, Jun. 21, 2012, 4 pages.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration—Home, United States Department of Labor, https://web.archive.org/web/20120722160756/http://www.osha.gov/, accessed Jun. 13, 2021, 2 pages.
Industry/Hazard Alerts, United States Department of Labor, https://web.archive.org/web/20120801064838/http://www.osha.gov:80/hazardindex.html, accessed Jun. 13, 2021, 1 page.
Hazard Alert—Worker Exposure to Silica during Hydraulic Fracturing, United States Department of Labor, https://web.archive.org/web/20120808200919/http://www.osha.gov/dts/hazardalerts/hydraulic_frac_hazard_alert.html, accessed Jun. 13, 2021, 5 pages.
A. Abbott, Crippling the Innovation Economy: Regulatory Overreach at the Patent Office, Regulatory Transparency Project, Aug. 14, 2017, 35 pages.
D. Heidel, Safety and Health Management Aspects for Handling Silica-based Products and Engineered Nanoparticles in Sequences of Shale Reservoir Stimulations Operations, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004, 4 pages.
Testimony of Judge Paul R. Michel (Ret.) United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit Before the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Jun. 4, 2019, 8 pages.
Bernard D. Goldstein, The Role of Toxicological Science in Meeting the Challenges and Opportunities of Hydraulic racturing, 2014, Toxicological Sciences, vol. 139, No. 2, pp. 271-283.
Mike Soraghan, OSHA issues hazard alert for fracking and drilling, E&E, Dec. 10, 2014, 1 page.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20200047141 A1 Feb 2020 US
Continuations (1)
Number Date Country
Parent 15294349 Oct 2016 US
Child 16356263 US