The present disclosure relates to operations in a subterranean formation. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a hydraulic fracturing system.
Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used to stimulate production from some hydrocarbon producing wells. The technique usually involves injecting fluid into a wellbore at a pressure sufficient to generate fissures in the formation surrounding the wellbore. Typically, the pressurized fluid is injected into a portion of the wellbore that is pressure isolated from the remaining length of the wellbore so that fracturing is limited to a designated portion of the formation. The fracturing fluid slurry, whose primary component is usually water, includes proppant (such as sand or ceramic) that migrate into the fractures with the fracturing fluid slurry and remain to prop open the fractures after pressure is no longer applied to the wellbore. Other than water, potential primary fluids for the slurry include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, foam (nitrogen and water), diesel, or other fluids. The fracturing slurry may also contain a small component of chemical additives, which can include scale build up inhibitors, friction reducing agents, viscosifiers, stabilizers, pH buffers, acids, biocides, and other fluid treatments. In embodiments, the chemical additives comprise less than 1% of the fracturing slurry.
The fluids are blended with a proppant in the blender unit. The proppant is supplied from a nearby proppant source via a conveyor into a hopper associated with the blender unit. The hopper associated with the blender unit can be difficult to align with the proppant feed. This difficulty arises, in part, because during transport on a trailer, the hopper of the blender unit is typically placed in a raised position. In order to properly position the hopper relative to the conveyor, so that the hopper can receive proppant, three steps are necessary, including 1) the trailer carrying the blender unit must be aligned with the conveyor, 2) power must be connected to the blender unit, and 3) the hopper must be lowered into position to receive proppant from the conveyor.
The problem lies in the necessary order of these three steps in known systems. For example, typically, power to the blender unit is not connected until all trailers and equipment are in place at the well site. Because the hopper cannot be lowered into position until power is connected to the blender unit, this means that the blender unit trailer must be positioned relative to the conveyor while the hopper unit is in the elevated position. The problem with this is that when in the hopper is in the elevated position, it is very difficult to tell when the trailer is properly aligned with the conveyor. Furthermore, by the time power is connected, allowing the hopper to be lowered, it is too late to reposition the blender unit trailer if the hopper does not properly align with the conveyor.
Disclosed herein are embodiment systems and methods of hydraulic fracturing with independent control of an auger and hopper assembly. In embodiments, a hydraulic fracturing system includes a blender unit capable of mixing proppant and fluid. A first power supply, such as an electric generator, can be used to power the blender unit. The system can further include an auger and hopper assembly, which includes one or more augers, a hopper, and a hydraulic cylinder. The hopper can receive proppant through an upper opening and transport the proppant out of the hopper using one or more augers. The hydraulic cylinder, when activated by one or more actuators for example, can move the auger and hopper assembly between a stowed position and a deployed position.
A second power supply, such as a battery, can power the auger and hopper assembly. The second power supply can operate independently of the first power supply. In other words, in embodiments, the battery can supply power to the auger and hopper assembly with no power input from the electric generator. The battery, however, can be recharged by the electric generator when the electric generator is on. Thus, the first power supply can recharge the second power supply, but the second power supply operates independently when powering the auger and hopper assembly. In embodiments, the second power supply is a 12-volt direct current battery. In embodiments, one or more batteries are connected in parallel to form a power supply.
The hydraulic fracturing system can further include a blender tub positioned beneath the auger outlets. When the auger and hopper assembly is in the deployed position, the auger outlets become aligned with upper opening of the blender tub. That is, the approximate center of the blender tub can be positioned below the auger outlets when the auger and hopper assembly is in the deployed position.
Methods according to various embodiments can include positioning a blender unit near a proppant source. The blender unit can be mobile. For example, it can be positioned on a truck or trailer that includes various other components of a blender system, such as a blender tub with an upper opening, and an auger and hopper assembly with the hopper having an upper opening and the auger outlets being positioned above the center of the blender tub. An example method can further include deploying the auger and hopper assembly from a stowed position to a deployed position. When the assembly is in the deployed position, the hopper will be aligned with a proppant feed from the proppant source. For example, the proppant can be fracturing sand, and the proppant feed can be a sand conveyor configured to deliver sand to the hopper. Deploying the assembly, according to various embodiments, includes powering one or more actuators with a battery. In addition, the blender unit can be connected to a power supply, which is independent from the battery that powers the actuators of the auger and hopper assembly.
When the auger and hopper assembly is moved to the deployed position, proppant from the proppant feed can be received into the hopper through the upper opening of the hopper. One or more augers with inlets positioned to receive proppant from the hopper can move proppant out of the hopper. The auger outlets are positioned above the blender tub when the auger and hopper assembly is in the deployed position. Proppant from the hopper can then be released via the auger outlets into the blender tub, where it is received by the blending unit. The blending unit can then mix the proppant with a fluid to prepare a fracturing slurry. This slurry can be pumped to a fracturing pump system, where it can be highly pressurized and pumped into a subterranean formation, as discussed in more detail below.
Some of the features and benefits of the present invention having been stated, others will become apparent as the description proceeds when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention will be described in connection with certain embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The method and system of the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which embodiments are shown. The method and system of the present disclosure may be in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the illustrated embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In an embodiment, usage of the term “about” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude. In an embodiment, usage of the term “substantially” includes +/−5% of the cited magnitude.
It is to be further understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the exact details of construction, operation, exact materials, or embodiments shown and described, as modifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed illustrative embodiments and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation.
In the example of
A motor 39, which connects to pump system 36 via connection 40, drives pump system 36 so that it can pressurize the slurry. In one example, the motor 39 is controlled by a variable frequency drive (“VFD”). In one embodiment, a motor 39 may connect to a first pump system 36 via connection 40 and to a second pump system 36 via a second connection 40. After being discharged from pump system 36, slurry is pumped into a wellhead assembly 41; discharge piping 42 connects discharge of pump system 36 with wellhead assembly 41 and provides a conduit for the slurry between the pump system 36 and the wellhead assembly 41. In an alternative, hoses or other connections can be used to provide a conduit for the slurry between the pump system 36 and the wellhead assembly 41. Optionally, any type of fluid can be pressurized by the fracturing pump system 36 to form injection fracturing fluid that is then pumped into the wellbore 12 for fracturing the formation 14, and is not limited to fluids having chemicals or proppant.
An example of a turbine 44 is provided in the example of
An example of a micro-grid 54 is further illustrated in
In an example, additive source 24 contains ten or more chemical pumps for supplementing the existing chemical pumps on the hydration unit 18 and blender unit 28. Chemicals from the additive source 24 can be delivered via lines 26 to the hydration unit 18 and/or the blender unit 28. In certain embodiments, the elements of the system 10 are mobile and can be readily transported to a wellsite adjacent the wellbore 12, such as on trailers or other platforms equipped with wheels or tracks.
For example, the blender unit 28 can be positioned on a trailer, such as the exemplary trailer illustrated in
The auger and hopper assembly 102 is typically placed in the stowed position during transport of the blender system 100. A hitch or other suitable coupling mechanism 120 can be provided on one end of the blender system 100 to facilitate transport. The blending system 100 can be towed to a desired location at an appropriate distance from a fracking site. In the illustrated embodiment, the blending system includes unpowered wheels 116 to facilitate towing and weight-bearing legs 118 to support the blending system 100 when the towing vehicle disengages. The legs 118 can be independently adjusted to allow an operator to level the blending system, or otherwise achieve a desired tilt, even while accounting for uneven ground. Although not required for operations, the blending system 100 can be isolated, i.e. no longer connected to a towing vehicle, due to space constraints in the field. Once in position, the blending system 100 is connected to micro-grid 54 or otherwise supplied with main electrical power. The main electrical unit powers the blender unit 28, enabling it to draw fluid onboard through a suction manifold and pump, and blend the proppant and fluid/additive mixture to form a fracturing slurry, which is then boosted to a fracturing pump system 36 through a discharge pump, as described more thoroughly with respect to
In other words, main power is not provided to the blender system 100 until after the blender system 100 is initially staged. In some cases, it may take days from the time the equipment is staged before power is produced and directed to the blender system 100. Moreover, the blender system 100 is typically staged early in the process—before fracking pumps, iron, and sand equipment are positioned—so delays to staging the blender system 100 hold up other portions of the process. Further still, it is very difficult and dangerous to move equipment after power cables have been connected.
Main power is typically generated by diesel engines for diesel equipment or by an electric generator for electrically powered equipment. For electrically powered equipment, an electric generator may not arrive onsite until after the blender system 100 is in place, or the electric generator may be onsite, but not generating power until after the blender system 100 is in place. Thus, if positioning the auger and hopper assembly 102 of the blender system 100 rely exclusively on the main power, the auger and hopper assembly 102 cannot be raised or lowered into an ideal placement until the main electrical power is active and connected. In the event of a misalignment, the entire blender system 100 would need to be repositioned, which would be costly, time consuming, difficult, and sometimes dangerous.
Put another way, without an independent power supply for the auger and hopper assembly 102, the blender system 100 can be maneuvered into an incorrect position, but it will not be known that the hopper 106 is improperly aligned with the proppant feed until the entire blender system 100 is connected to a power supply, such as, for example, the micro-grid 54 discussed above. Once the misalignment is detected, the entire blender system 100 would have to be disconnected from the power supply in order to reposition the blender system 100. This process may even have to be iterated multiple times given the difficulty of estimating whether the hopper 106 will be properly aligned with the conveyor belt (or appropriate proppant feed) when in the deployed position. These iterations may involve disconnecting the main power and moving other equipment to allow for maneuvering the blender system 100. This can cause hours or days of downtime. Thus prior to being transported to a wellsite, the auger and hopper assembly 102 are put into a stowed position, and remain in that position, until the main power is online. The main power stays online until the fracturing job is completed. Usually the deployed position of the auger and hopper assembly 102 is difficult to predict accurately because the equipment is initially positioned with the auger and hopper assembly 102 in the stowed position.
After the fracturing job is completed, a rig down process occurs in which equipment is removed from the site. The main power is disconnected before the blender system 100 is moved. If the auger and hopper assembly 102 is in the deployed position, the blender system 100 cannot be moved. That is, if operators disconnected the main power from the blender system 100 without stowing the auger and hopper assembly 102, and there was no independent power supply to the auger and hopper assembly 102, then the blender system 100 would be unmovable until main power was reconnected to the blender system for the sole purpose of stowing the auger and hopper assembly 102. This problem, among others, is addressed by the claimed embodiments, which allow for the auger and hopper assembly 102 to move between the stowed position and deployed position without the blender system 100 needing to be connected to the main power source.
Still referring to
The blender system 100 includes an independently powered auger and hopper positioning system to raise and lower the auger and hopper assembly 102 prior to setting up the main electrical power. The positioning system controls 114 are used to adjust the position of the auger and hopper assembly 102. In embodiments, the power supply comprises a dedicated electric 12 VDC power supply. In one example, the positioning system includes one or more actuators for positioning the auger and hopper assembly 102. In embodiments, the actuators are powered by a 12 VDC power supply. The power supply provides power for a hydraulic pump. In embodiments, the hopper power supply is not in communication with the main electrical power. In embodiments, the battery powering the auger and hopper control system is charged by the main power supply when the main power is on. In an embodiment, the actuators include one or more electrical motors and associated linkages, where the motors provide hydraulic power to drive the hydraulic cylinders 5 (
As indicated above, when setting up a hydraulic fracturing site it is important to position the sand delivery system and the blender so that the sand enters the blender hopper 106 in roughly the center of the hopper. However, it can be difficult to visualize exactly where the auger and hopper assembly 102 will be in the deployed position. Compounding this problem is that, in various embodiments, there are two blenders. One serves as a primary blender, and the other serves as a back-up blender. The proppant feed—the chute on a sand conveyor belt, for example—needs to be able to reach both blenders, while leaving some room between the blenders for personnel and equipment, such as fluid hoses, chemical hoses, and other tools.
Embodiments of the method and system described herein position the blender system 100, lower the auger/hopper assembly 102, and align the hopper 106 with the sand conveyer and other sand equipment. The steps of aligning and positioning described herein are performed without power from the main power supply. In embodiments, the hydraulic lines for powering the auger/blender actuator are isolated from other hydraulic lines that deliver hydraulic fluid to different services or circuits, such as cooling fans, blower motors, chemical pumps, the blender's suction pump, valve actuators, and the auger motors for rotating the auger blade. Optionally, the hydraulic lines that power the auger/hopper actuator can share a same hydraulic tank as other hydraulic systems.
Referring now to
The present invention described herein, therefore, is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as others inherent therein. While a presently preferred embodiment of the invention has been given for purposes of disclosure, numerous changes exist in the details of procedures for accomplishing the desired results. These and other similar modifications will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be encompassed within the spirit of the present invention disclosed herein and the scope of the appended claims.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/356,263, filed Mar. 18, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/294,349, filed Oct. 14, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,232,332, issued Mar. 19, 2019, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/242,657, filed Oct. 16, 2015, and is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/202,085, filed Jul. 5, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,337,308, issued Jul. 2, 2019, which claims priority to and the benefit of Ser. No. 13/679,689, filed Nov. 16, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,410,410, issued Aug. 9, 2016; the full disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
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Parent | 13679689 | Nov 2012 | US |
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