1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to telecommunications, and more particularly to public safety and commercial call centers.
2. Background of Related Art
A prank call to an emergency call center (e.g. a 911 call center) is a serious and dangerous offense. Unfortunately, as technology advances, so do the occurrences of such crimes.
Prank calls to emergency call centers range in terms of severity and motive. For instance, kids attempting to humor themselves may make seemingly harmless prank calls to emergency call centers, meanwhile holding up the time and attention of emergency dispatch personnel. More calculating prank calls to emergency call centers include swatting and diversionary calls.
A swatting prank call to an emergency call center is a call that attempts to lure emergency respondents to a fabricated emergency situation. Swatting prank calls have at times resulted in the dispatch of SWAT teams, bomb squads, and/or police personnel to unsuspecting homes and businesses and have led to numerous injuries and expenses due to road closures and property damage.
A diversionary prank call to an emergency call center is a call that attempts to lure emergency dispatch personnel to a particular location to divert police enforcement away from ongoing criminal activity. Diversionary prank calls are notably used by drug dealers.
Avoidance of prank calls, particularly to emergency call centers, is desired.
A mechanism for rating and relaying risk and/or threat of communications requests (e.g. incoming calls) to call centers (e.g. commercial call centers, emergency call centers, etc.) comprises an index of suspicion aggregation server.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the inventive index of suspicion aggregation server quantifies, qualifies, and aggregates specific risks, suspicions, and/or threats relevant to a particular calling device, and formulates a scale of suspicion that the incoming call might be a prank call. The inventive index of suspicion aggregation server then rates all communications requests (e.g., emergency calls, emergency text messaging sessions, etc.) made to the commercial/emergency call center based on the formulated index of suspicion, and provides in real-time the index of suspicion to the call taker, providing them with additional information from which to make the judgment call as to whether an incoming call is a prank call.
The present invention enables call-takers (e.g., emergency dispatch personnel, public safety answering point (PSAP) telecommunicators, sales clerks, customer service personnel, etc.) to make smarter call-handling decisions based on risk analysis and historical data associated with a communications request.
A method and apparatus in accordance with disclosed embodiment provide a real-time index rating of suspicion that an incoming call may be a prank call, by obtaining a current location of a calling device to an incoming call, and comparing the obtained current location of the calling device to locations of known emergency events to determine a first level of confidence the incoming call relates to a known emergency event. A call history database is accessed to determine a second level of confidence from a call history relating to the calling device. A call forensic database is accessed to determine a third level of confidence relating to a pattern of known prank calls. The first level of confidence, the second level of confidence, and the third level of confidence, are aggregated into an index of suspicion rating, and provided in real-time to a called device during the incoming call.
Features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description with reference to the drawings, in which:
Typically a police report is filed to report a prank call to an emergency call center. With the police report, a subsequent call from the same party may be flagged as a potential hoax. However, such tactics are not comprehensive nor fully preventative. Moreover, liability attaches to the emergency personnel should a real emergency call be made from a phone previously used to make a prank call. This is particularly problematic in the current environment of reused phone numbers. Emergency call centers are not the only calls subject to prank calls. For instance, prank calls to commercial call centers have been a long-standing nuisance and expense.
The present invention provides a tool as a gauge of whether or not an incoming call is a prank call.
In particular, the present invention provides a system to rate and relay risks and/or threats associated with a communications network request (e.g., an incoming call) to a call center (e.g., a commercial call center, an emergency call center such as a public safety answering point (PSAP), etc.) to enable call-takers (e.g., emergency dispatch personnel, public safety answering point (PSAP) telecommunicators, sales clerks, customer service personnel, etc.) to better gauge uncertainty and/or facts surrounding an incident being reported and/or claims being made in the call.
The present invention provides an index of suspicion aggregation server that determines and presents an index of suspicion of an associated incoming call. The index of suspicion aggregation server quantifies, qualifies, and aggregates specific risks, suspicions, and/or threats, relevant to a particular caller or source of a communication request (e.g., an emergency 911 call).
The inventive index of suspicion aggregation server rates each communications request routed to an emergency/commercial call center, and presents the rating as an “index of suspicion” to the recipient of the call in real-time. This way the recipient of the incoming call can weigh for themselves whether or not the incoming call is a prank call, using both the content of the incoming call with their own judgment, and the index of suspicion relating to the caller. With the real-time presentation of the index of suspicion relating to the caller, appropriate action can be taken by the recipient of the call utilizing appropriate communication protocols.
The index of suspicion aggregation server may build an appropriate database from which to rate the suspicion of a given caller utilizing primarily post-call information. For instance, as legitimate calls are received at an emergency call center over the years from a given phone number, those confidence markers are stored in the database and associated with the caller.
Other techniques for rating risk and/or threat associated with a communications request (and thus for generating an index of suspicion) include those used to reduce credit card fraud based on suspicious transaction activity and/or location. For example, when a credit card is used overseas after a long period of time in country, a low level fraud alert is generated. The fraud alert is usually easily erased with a verbal verification of the legitimate use of the credit card from the registered owner. Similarly, historical emergency call data can be ‘legitimized’ by a later confirmation of the legitimacy of the call. For instance, after the emergency subsides, a network operator may call back the emergency caller to have them verbally confirm the legitimacy of the earlier emergency call. Such legitimacy data is used to establish a lower index of suspicion.
The index of suspicion may be presented in any suitable fashion that ranges from an indicator of low or no suspicion, to an indicator of high or certain suspicion, that the call is a prank call. For instance, an indicator of 5% may indicate no suspicion, while an indicator of 100% index of suspicion may indicate to the recipient of the call that the incoming call is certainly a prank call. The recipient may still take the call as desired or required, but with the real-time estimate of the ‘index of suspicion’.
In particular, as portrayed in
The index of suspicion aggregation server 100 queries any one or more network components to acquire and/or generate historical information relevant to creation of the index of suspicion. Incoming calls come through a call queue 116.
Past call related information, and a success/prank measure may be included, in an appropriate caller forensic database 114.
Call history (such when, if any, past calls were received from a given caller) may be maintained in a call history database 112 and consulted by the index of suspicion aggregation server 100.
A manual call center 108 includes the recipient device receiving the incoming call for which an index of suspicion is presented.
A real-time location information server 106 provides real-time information regarding the location of the caller to the index of suspicion aggregation server 100. The location of the caller may be utilized in the calculation of the index of suspicion. For instance, if the caller is within a region associated with a registered address for the calling phone, a lower index of suspicion may be associated with the incoming emergency call.
An event database 102 stores information relevant to known or recently established events, e.g., the location of a car accident, etc. If an incoming call is coming in from a known location of an event, the index of suspicion will be appropriately lowered.
A location history database 104 may be maintained relevant to given callers to appropriately flag as suspicious calls made from an area associated with a higher frequency of suspicious calls.
A device configuration profile database 110 may also be maintained and accessible by the index of suspicion aggregation server 100.
The inventive index of suspicion aggregation server 100 maintains a database of relevant past pranks, illegitimacy, suspicions, as well as legitimate calls, associated with given callers, and derives therefrom an index of suspicion to be provided along with an incoming call to the recipient device. Appropriate weighting may be given to the age of a prank report, suspicious call report, legitimate call report, etc. on a given caller, and aggregated into a given index of suspicion. Aggregation may comprise, e.g., simple multiplication of each weighted event stored in the call history database.
The index of suspicion aggregation server 100 rates all communications requests (e.g., incoming VoIP calls, incoming wireless calls, incoming text messages, etc.) made to the serviced commercial call center or emergency call center by determining an index of suspicion regarding a caller associated with an incoming call in the call queue 116, and provides the index of suspicion to the called party device in real-time, as the incoming call is first presented to the called party, or soon thereafter but in any event while the incoming call (or text message session) is still active.
In particular, as shown at the bottom of
In step 2, the emergency call is routed to an emergency call handling and routing server 400.
In step 3, the emergency call handling and routing server 400 directs the incoming emergency call to the index of suspicion aggregation server 100. Alternatively, the incoming emergency call may be routed directly to the recipient with an identity of a caller being directed to the index of suspicion aggregation server 100 for generation of the index of suspicion.
The index of suspicion aggregation server 100 may optionally loop the incoming call (or associated messaging including the caller's identity) back to the emergency call handling and routing server 400, as depicted in step 4a, to cache the emergency call in an incoming call queue 116 while rating information relevant to the generation of the index of suspicion is gathered.
Alternatively, as portrayed in optional steps 5a and 5b, the index of suspicion aggregation server 100 may re-route the emergency call (or text messaging session) back to the emergency call handling and routing server 400, to redirect the incoming call to a manual call center 108 for answering by an intermediary call-taker or automated answering system.
As shown in
Acquired location information is compared with location information previously obtained for the communications request, with a result adding to the rating of the index of suspicion.
Moreover, as portrayed in step 7, location information acquired for the emergency communications request is compared to previous location data obtained for the initiated call, caller, calling device, or location, maintained in the location history database 104. Acquired data is rated and combined into the presented index of suspicion.
In step 8, the index of suspicion aggregation server 100 queries a device configuration profile database 110 to compare and rate device configuration information acquired for the emergency calling device 300 (e.g., firmware, OS versions, patch level, virus reporting, applications installed, etc.)
As shown in optional step 9, the index of suspicion aggregation server 100 additionally queries a call history database 112 to compare and rate the incoming emergency communications request to the determined legitimacy of previous calls from the same calling device (i.e., a prior call history). Information such as last call made, number of calls made over a specified period of time, call pattern statistics, etc. may be consulted and aggregated into the index of suspicion presented in real-time to the recipient of the incoming call.
In steps 10a and 10b, the communications request is routed to the index of suspicion emergency call presentation server 200, whereupon the incoming call is routed to an emergency call-taker terminal 500 together in real-time with an aggregated index of suspicion that the call is a prank call (or conversely that the call is likely legitimate.)
As shown in steps 11a and 11b, the emergency call-taker terminal 500 may query the index of suspicion aggregation server 100 to request caller forensic data from the caller forensic database 114. Caller forensic data may include: background information of the caller, recent activity of the calling device, past history of the calling device, etc. The index of suspicion aggregation server 100 then returns, in real-time, an index of suspicion to the emergency call-taker terminal 500 based on available forensic data.
Also, as portrayed in steps 12a and 12b, the emergency call-taker terminal 500 may direct the index of suspicion aggregation server 100 to request that an event database 102 be queried for statistics relevant to whether or not a known emergency event is currently taking place in the vicinity of the location of the caller.
The index of suspicion may be presented to the called party via an appropriate web-based browser on a terminal associated with the called party.
The index of suspicion provides, in real-time, an “un-believability” measure based on metrics (e.g., device configuration data, font set, language, real-time location information, configured location information, registration or lack thereof, call history, etc.) for a calling device.
The index of suspicion aggregation server 100 rates and relays a measure of the risk and/or threat that an incoming call is a prank call—in real-time—to provide a recipient of an incoming call additional information from which to make a judgment that the call is or is not a prank call.
The present invention enables call centers (e.g. emergency call centers and commercial call centers) to better manage callers, contacts, and/or touch points with real-time presentation of the associated risk and/or associated suspicious correlative data relevant to a given incoming call. The present invention additionally allows call centers to provide updated (feedback) information to the index of suspicion aggregation server 100 based on recent activity, and enables metrics and algorithms used to calculate risk to be adjusted in light of varying circumstances.
The inventive method is applicable to service industries, particularly emergency service industries. Knowledge in real-time of an index of suspicion enables a call-taker to make better call handling decisions based on risk analysis and/or historical data associated with a call, caller, calling device, etc.
While the invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications to the described embodiments of the invention without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
The present invention claims priority from U.S. Provisional No. 61/803,662 to Ehrlich et al., entitled “A Method for Establishing and Using an Index of Suspicion” filed Mar. 20, 2013, the entirety of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1103073 | O'Connell | Jul 1914 | A |
4445118 | Taylor et al. | Apr 1984 | A |
4494119 | Wimbush | Jan 1985 | A |
4651156 | Martinez | Mar 1987 | A |
4706275 | Kamil | Nov 1987 | A |
4737916 | Ogawa | Apr 1988 | A |
4891638 | Davis | Jan 1990 | A |
4891650 | Scheffer | Jan 1990 | A |
4939662 | Numura | Jul 1990 | A |
4952928 | Carroll | Aug 1990 | A |
4972484 | Theile | Nov 1990 | A |
5014206 | Scribner | May 1991 | A |
5043736 | Darnell | Aug 1991 | A |
5055851 | Scheffer | Oct 1991 | A |
5068656 | Sutherland | Nov 1991 | A |
5068891 | Marshall | Nov 1991 | A |
5070329 | Jasimaki | Dec 1991 | A |
5081667 | Drori | Jan 1992 | A |
5119104 | Heller | Jun 1992 | A |
5126722 | Kamis | Jun 1992 | A |
5144283 | Arens | Sep 1992 | A |
5161180 | Chavous | Nov 1992 | A |
5166972 | Smith | Nov 1992 | A |
5177478 | Wagai | Jan 1993 | A |
5193215 | Olmer | Mar 1993 | A |
5208756 | Song | May 1993 | A |
5214789 | George | May 1993 | A |
5218367 | Scheffer | Jun 1993 | A |
5223844 | Mansell | Jun 1993 | A |
5239570 | Koster | Aug 1993 | A |
5265630 | Hartmann | Nov 1993 | A |
5266944 | Caroll | Nov 1993 | A |
5283570 | DeLuca | Feb 1994 | A |
5289527 | Tiedemann | Feb 1994 | A |
5293642 | Lo | Mar 1994 | A |
5299132 | Wortham | Mar 1994 | A |
5301354 | Schwendeman | Apr 1994 | A |
5311516 | Kuznicke | May 1994 | A |
5325302 | Izidon | Jun 1994 | A |
5327529 | Fults | Jul 1994 | A |
5334974 | Simms | Aug 1994 | A |
5335246 | Yokev | Aug 1994 | A |
5343493 | Karimulah | Aug 1994 | A |
5347568 | Moody | Sep 1994 | A |
5351235 | Lahtinen | Sep 1994 | A |
5361212 | Class | Nov 1994 | A |
5363425 | Mufti | Nov 1994 | A |
5365451 | Wang | Nov 1994 | A |
5374936 | Feng | Dec 1994 | A |
5379451 | Nakagoshi | Jan 1995 | A |
5381338 | Wysocki | Jan 1995 | A |
5387993 | Heller | Feb 1995 | A |
5388147 | Grimes | Feb 1995 | A |
5389934 | Kass | Feb 1995 | A |
5390339 | Bruckery | Feb 1995 | A |
5394158 | Chia | Feb 1995 | A |
5396227 | Carroll | Mar 1995 | A |
5398190 | Wortham | Mar 1995 | A |
5406614 | Hara | Apr 1995 | A |
5418537 | Bird | May 1995 | A |
5422813 | Schuchman | Jun 1995 | A |
5423076 | Westergren | Jun 1995 | A |
5434789 | Fraker | Jul 1995 | A |
5454024 | Lebowitz | Sep 1995 | A |
5461390 | Hosher | Oct 1995 | A |
5470233 | Fruchterman | Nov 1995 | A |
5479408 | Will | Dec 1995 | A |
5479482 | Grimes | Dec 1995 | A |
5485161 | Vaugh | Jan 1996 | A |
5485163 | Singer | Jan 1996 | A |
5488563 | Chazelle | Jan 1996 | A |
5494091 | Freeman | Feb 1996 | A |
5497149 | Fast | Mar 1996 | A |
5504491 | Chapman | Apr 1996 | A |
5506886 | Maine | Apr 1996 | A |
5508931 | Snider | Apr 1996 | A |
5513243 | Kage | Apr 1996 | A |
5515287 | Hakoyama | May 1996 | A |
5517199 | DiMattei | May 1996 | A |
5519403 | Bickley | May 1996 | A |
5530655 | Lokhoff | Jun 1996 | A |
5530914 | McPheters | Jun 1996 | A |
5532690 | Hertel | Jul 1996 | A |
5535434 | Siddoway | Jul 1996 | A |
5539395 | Buss | Jul 1996 | A |
5539398 | Hall | Jul 1996 | A |
5539829 | Lokhoff | Jul 1996 | A |
5543776 | L'Esperance | Aug 1996 | A |
5546445 | Dennison | Aug 1996 | A |
5552772 | Janky | Sep 1996 | A |
5555286 | Tendler | Sep 1996 | A |
5557254 | Johnson | Sep 1996 | A |
5568119 | Schipper | Oct 1996 | A |
5568153 | Beliveau | Oct 1996 | A |
5574648 | Pilley | Nov 1996 | A |
5579372 | Angstrom | Nov 1996 | A |
5588009 | Will | Dec 1996 | A |
5592535 | Klotz | Jan 1997 | A |
5594780 | Wiedeman | Jan 1997 | A |
5604486 | Lauro | Feb 1997 | A |
5606313 | Allen | Feb 1997 | A |
5606618 | Lokhoff | Feb 1997 | A |
5606850 | Nakamura | Mar 1997 | A |
5610815 | Gudat | Mar 1997 | A |
5614890 | Fox | Mar 1997 | A |
5615116 | Gudat | Mar 1997 | A |
5621793 | Bednarek | Apr 1997 | A |
5628051 | Salin | May 1997 | A |
5629693 | Janky | May 1997 | A |
5633912 | Tsoi | May 1997 | A |
5636122 | Shah | Jun 1997 | A |
5636276 | Brugger | Jun 1997 | A |
5661652 | Sprague | Aug 1997 | A |
5661755 | Van de Kerkhof | Aug 1997 | A |
5682600 | Salin | Oct 1997 | A |
5684951 | Goldman | Nov 1997 | A |
5689245 | Noreen | Nov 1997 | A |
5689269 | Norris | Nov 1997 | A |
5689809 | Grube | Nov 1997 | A |
5699053 | Jonsson | Dec 1997 | A |
5727057 | Emery | Mar 1998 | A |
5731785 | Lemelson | Mar 1998 | A |
5740534 | Ayerst | Apr 1998 | A |
5761618 | Lynch | Jun 1998 | A |
5765152 | Erickson | Jun 1998 | A |
5767795 | Schaphorst | Jun 1998 | A |
5768509 | Gunluk | Jun 1998 | A |
5771353 | Eggleston | Jun 1998 | A |
5774533 | Patel | Jun 1998 | A |
5774670 | Montulli | Jun 1998 | A |
5774824 | Streit | Jun 1998 | A |
5787357 | Salin | Jul 1998 | A |
5794142 | Vantilla | Aug 1998 | A |
5797094 | Houde | Aug 1998 | A |
5797096 | Lupien | Aug 1998 | A |
5801700 | Ferguson | Sep 1998 | A |
5802492 | DeLorrme | Sep 1998 | A |
5806000 | Vo | Sep 1998 | A |
5809415 | Rossman | Sep 1998 | A |
5812086 | Bertiger | Sep 1998 | A |
5812087 | Krasner | Sep 1998 | A |
5822700 | Hult | Oct 1998 | A |
5828740 | Khue | Oct 1998 | A |
5841396 | Krasner | Nov 1998 | A |
5857201 | Wright, Jr. | Jan 1999 | A |
5864667 | Barkan | Jan 1999 | A |
5874914 | Krasner | Feb 1999 | A |
5896369 | Warsta | Apr 1999 | A |
5920821 | Seaholtz | Jul 1999 | A |
5922074 | Richard | Jul 1999 | A |
5926118 | Hayashida | Jul 1999 | A |
5930250 | Klok | Jul 1999 | A |
5944768 | Ito | Aug 1999 | A |
5953398 | Hill | Sep 1999 | A |
5960362 | Grob | Sep 1999 | A |
5974054 | Couts | Oct 1999 | A |
5978685 | Laiho | Nov 1999 | A |
5982301 | Ohta | Nov 1999 | A |
5983099 | Yao | Nov 1999 | A |
5983109 | Montoya | Nov 1999 | A |
5987323 | Houtari | Nov 1999 | A |
5998111 | Abe | Dec 1999 | A |
5999124 | Sheynblat | Dec 1999 | A |
6002936 | Roel-Ng | Dec 1999 | A |
6014602 | Kithol | Jan 2000 | A |
6032051 | Hall | Feb 2000 | A |
6035025 | Hanson | Mar 2000 | A |
6035253 | Hayashi | Mar 2000 | A |
6049710 | Nilsson | Apr 2000 | A |
6052081 | Krasner | Apr 2000 | A |
6058300 | Hanson | May 2000 | A |
6058338 | Agashe et al. | May 2000 | A |
6061018 | Sheynblat | May 2000 | A |
6061346 | Nordman | May 2000 | A |
6064336 | Krasner | May 2000 | A |
6064875 | Morgan | May 2000 | A |
6067045 | Castelloe | May 2000 | A |
6070067 | Nguyen | May 2000 | A |
6075982 | Donovan | Jun 2000 | A |
6081229 | Soliman | Jun 2000 | A |
6081508 | West | Jun 2000 | A |
6085320 | Kaliski, Jr. | Jul 2000 | A |
6091957 | Larkins | Jul 2000 | A |
6101378 | Barabash | Aug 2000 | A |
6108533 | Brohoff | Aug 2000 | A |
6115611 | Kimoto | Sep 2000 | A |
6122503 | Daly | Sep 2000 | A |
6122520 | Want | Sep 2000 | A |
6124810 | Segal | Sep 2000 | A |
6131067 | Girerd | Oct 2000 | A |
6133874 | Krasner | Oct 2000 | A |
6134316 | Kallioniemi | Oct 2000 | A |
6134483 | Vayanos | Oct 2000 | A |
6138003 | Kingdon | Oct 2000 | A |
6148197 | Bridges | Nov 2000 | A |
6148198 | Anderson | Nov 2000 | A |
6149353 | Nilsson | Nov 2000 | A |
6150980 | Krasner | Nov 2000 | A |
6154172 | Piccionelli | Nov 2000 | A |
6169516 | Watanabe | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6169891 | Gorham | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6169901 | Boucher | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6169902 | Kawamoto | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6173181 | Losh | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6178505 | Schnieder | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6178506 | Quick, Jr. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6181935 | Gossman | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6181939 | Ahvenainen | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6182006 | Meek | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6182227 | Blair | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6185426 | Alperovich | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6188354 | Soliman | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6188752 | Lesley | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6188909 | Alananra | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6188957 | Bechtolsheim | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6189098 | Kaliski, Jr. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6195557 | Havinis | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6198431 | Gibson | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6199045 | Giniger | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6199113 | Alegre | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6204844 | Fumarolo | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6205330 | Windbladh | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6208290 | Krasner | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6208854 | Roberts | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6215441 | Moeglein | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6219557 | Havinis | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6223046 | Hamill-Keays | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6226529 | Bruno | May 2001 | B1 |
6239742 | Krasner | May 2001 | B1 |
6247135 | Feaugue | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6249680 | Wax | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6249742 | Frriederich | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6249744 | Morita | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6249873 | Richard | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6253074 | Carlsson | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6253203 | O'Flaherty | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6260147 | Quick, Jr. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6266614 | Alumbaugh | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6275692 | Skog | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6275849 | Ludwig | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6278701 | Ayyagari | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6278936 | Jones | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6289373 | Dezonno | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6297768 | Allen, Jr. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6307504 | Sheynblat | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6308269 | Proidl | Oct 2001 | B2 |
6313786 | Sheynblat | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6317594 | Gossman | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6317684 | Roeseler | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6321091 | Holland | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6321092 | Fitch | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6321158 | DeLorme | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6321257 | Kotala | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6324524 | Lent | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6327473 | Soliman | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6327479 | Mikkola | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6331825 | Ladner | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6333919 | Gaffney | Dec 2001 | B2 |
6360093 | Ross | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6360102 | Havinis | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6363254 | Jones | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6366782 | Fumarolo | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6366856 | Johnson | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6367019 | Ansell | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6370389 | Isomursu | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6377209 | Krasner | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6397143 | Paschke | May 2002 | B1 |
6400314 | Krasner | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6400943 | Montoya | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6400958 | Isomursu | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6411254 | Moeglein | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6415224 | Wako | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6421002 | Krasner | Jul 2002 | B2 |
6427001 | Contractor | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6429808 | King | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6433734 | Krasner | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6434381 | Moore | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6441752 | Fomukong | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6442384 | Shah | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6442391 | Johansson | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6449473 | Raivisto | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6449476 | Hutchinson, IV | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6456852 | Bar | Sep 2002 | B2 |
6463272 | Wallace | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6466788 | Carlsson | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6477150 | Maggenti | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6504491 | Christians | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6505049 | Dorenbosch | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6510387 | Fuchs | Jan 2003 | B2 |
6512922 | Burg | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6512930 | Sandegren | Jan 2003 | B2 |
6515623 | Johnson | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6519466 | Pande | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6522682 | Kohli | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6526026 | Menon | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6529500 | Pandharipande | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6529722 | Heinrich | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6529829 | Turetzky | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6531982 | White | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6538757 | Sansone | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6539200 | Schiff | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6539232 | Hendrey et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6539304 | Chansarkar | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6542464 | Takeda | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6542734 | Abrol | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6542743 | Soliman | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6549522 | Flynn | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6549776 | Joong | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6549844 | Egberts | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6556832 | Soliman | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6560461 | Fomukong | May 2003 | B1 |
6560534 | Abraham | May 2003 | B2 |
6563824 | Bhatia | May 2003 | B1 |
6564261 | Gudjonsson | May 2003 | B1 |
6570530 | Gaal | May 2003 | B2 |
6571095 | Koodli | May 2003 | B1 |
6571174 | Rigazio | May 2003 | B2 |
6574558 | Kohli | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6580390 | Hay | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6584552 | Kuno | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6587691 | Granstam | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6594500 | Bender | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6597311 | Sheynblat | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6600927 | Hamilton | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6603973 | Foladare | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6606495 | Korpi | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6606554 | Edge | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6609004 | Morse | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6611757 | Brodie | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6618670 | Chansarkar | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6621423 | Cooper | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6621452 | Knockeart | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6621810 | Leung | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6628233 | Knockeart | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6633255 | Krasner | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6640184 | Rabe | Oct 2003 | B1 |
6640185 | Tokota | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6643516 | Stewart | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6650288 | Pitt | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6661353 | Gopen | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6661372 | Girerd | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6665539 | Sih | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6665541 | Krasner | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6665613 | Duvall | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6665715 | Houri | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6671620 | Garin | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6677894 | Sheynblat | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6680694 | Knockeart | Jan 2004 | B1 |
6687504 | Raith | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6691019 | Seeley | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6694258 | Johnson | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6697629 | Grilli | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6698195 | Hellinger | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6701144 | Kirbas | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6703971 | Pande | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6703972 | Van Diggelen | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6704651 | Van Diggelen | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6707421 | Drury | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6714793 | Carey | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6718174 | Vayanos | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6720915 | Sheynblat | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6721578 | Minear | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6721652 | Sanqunetti | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6721716 | Gross | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6721871 | Piispanen | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6724342 | Bloebaum | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6725159 | Krasner | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6728701 | Stoica | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6731940 | Nagendran | May 2004 | B1 |
6734821 | Van Diggelen | May 2004 | B2 |
6738013 | Orler | May 2004 | B2 |
6738800 | Aquilon | May 2004 | B1 |
6741842 | Goldberg | May 2004 | B2 |
6744856 | Karnik | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6744858 | Ryan | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6745038 | Callaway, Jr. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6747596 | Orler | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6748195 | Phillips | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6751464 | Burg | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6756938 | Zhao | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6757266 | Hundscheidt | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6757544 | Rangarajan | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6757545 | Nowak | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6766174 | Kenyon | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6771639 | Holden | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6771742 | McCalmont | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6772340 | Peinado | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6775267 | Kung | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6775534 | Lindgren | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6775655 | Peinado | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6775802 | Gaal | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6778136 | Gronemeyer | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6778885 | Agashe | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6781963 | Crockett | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6788249 | Farmer | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6795444 | Vo | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6795699 | McGraw | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6799049 | Zellner | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6799050 | Krasner | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6801159 | Swope | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6801850 | Wolfson | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6804524 | Vandermaijden | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6807534 | Erickson | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6810323 | Bullock | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6810405 | LaRue | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6813264 | Vassilovski | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6813501 | Kinnunen | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6813560 | Van Diggelen | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6816111 | Krasner | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6816710 | Krasner | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6816719 | Heinonen | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6816734 | Wong | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6816782 | Walters | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6819919 | Tanaka | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6820269 | Baucke et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6829475 | Lee | Dec 2004 | B1 |
6829532 | Obradovich | Dec 2004 | B2 |
6832373 | O'Neill | Dec 2004 | B2 |
6839020 | Geier | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6839021 | Sheynblat | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6839417 | Weisman | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6839630 | Sakamoto | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6842696 | Silvester | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6842715 | Gaal | Jan 2005 | B1 |
6845321 | Kerns | Jan 2005 | B1 |
6847822 | Dennison | Jan 2005 | B1 |
6853916 | Fuchs | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6856282 | Mauro | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6861980 | Rowitch | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6865171 | Nilsson | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6865395 | Riley | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6867733 | Sandhu | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6867734 | Voor | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6873854 | Crockett | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6882850 | McConnell et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6885874 | Grube | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6885940 | Brodie | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6888497 | King | May 2005 | B2 |
6888932 | Snip | May 2005 | B2 |
6895238 | Newell | May 2005 | B2 |
6895249 | Gaal | May 2005 | B2 |
6895329 | Wolfson | May 2005 | B1 |
6898516 | Pechatnikov | May 2005 | B2 |
6900758 | Mann | May 2005 | B1 |
6903684 | Simic | Jun 2005 | B1 |
6904029 | Fors | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6907224 | Younis | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6907238 | Leung | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6910818 | McLoone | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6912230 | Salkini | Jun 2005 | B1 |
6912395 | Benes | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6912545 | Lundy | Jun 2005 | B1 |
6915208 | Garin | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6917331 | Gronemeyer | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6925603 | Naito | Aug 2005 | B1 |
6930634 | Peng | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6934705 | Tu | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6937187 | Van Diggelen | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6937872 | Krasner | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6940950 | Dickinson et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6941144 | Stein | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6944535 | Iwata | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6944540 | King | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6947772 | Minear | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6950058 | Davis | Sep 2005 | B1 |
6957068 | Hutchison | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6957073 | Bye | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6961562 | Ross | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6963557 | Knox | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6963748 | Chithambaram | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6965754 | King | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6965767 | Maggenti | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6968044 | Beason | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6970871 | Rayburn | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6970917 | Kushwaha | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6973320 | Brown | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6975266 | Abraham | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6978453 | Rao | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6980816 | Rohler | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6985747 | Chithambaram | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6990081 | Schaefer | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6993355 | Pershan | Jan 2006 | B1 |
6996720 | DeMello | Feb 2006 | B1 |
6999782 | Shaughnessy | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7024321 | Deninger | Apr 2006 | B1 |
7024393 | Peinado | Apr 2006 | B1 |
7047411 | DeMello | May 2006 | B1 |
7058506 | Kawase | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7065351 | Carter | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7065507 | Mohammed | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7072667 | Olrik | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7079857 | Maggenti | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7089110 | Pechatnikov | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7092385 | Gallant | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7103018 | Hansen | Sep 2006 | B1 |
7103574 | Peinado | Sep 2006 | B1 |
7106717 | Rousseau | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7110773 | Wallace | Sep 2006 | B1 |
7136466 | Gao | Nov 2006 | B1 |
7136838 | Peinado | Nov 2006 | B1 |
7142196 | Connor | Nov 2006 | B1 |
7142205 | Chithambaram | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7145900 | Nix | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7151946 | Maggenti | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7167187 | Scott | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7171220 | Belcea | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7171304 | Wako | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7177397 | Mccalmont | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7177398 | Meer | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7177399 | Dawson | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7184418 | Baba | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7200380 | Havlark | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7202801 | Chou | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7209758 | Moll | Apr 2007 | B1 |
7209969 | Lahti | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7218940 | Niemenna | May 2007 | B2 |
7221959 | Lindquist | May 2007 | B2 |
7245900 | Lamb | Jul 2007 | B1 |
7245910 | Osmo | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7260186 | Zhu | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7260384 | Bales | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7266376 | Nakagawa | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7286929 | Staton | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7330899 | Wong | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7333480 | Clarke | Feb 2008 | B1 |
7340241 | Rhodes | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7369508 | Parantainen | May 2008 | B2 |
7369530 | Keagy | May 2008 | B2 |
7424293 | Zhu | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7426380 | Hines | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7428571 | Ichimura | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7436785 | McMullen | Oct 2008 | B1 |
7440442 | Grabelsky | Oct 2008 | B2 |
7450951 | Vimpari | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7453990 | Welenson | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7477903 | Wilcock | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7495608 | Chen | Feb 2009 | B1 |
7522581 | Acharya | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7565157 | Ortega | Jul 2009 | B1 |
7602886 | Beech | Oct 2009 | B1 |
7623447 | Faccin | Nov 2009 | B1 |
7627331 | Winterbottom | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7653544 | Bradley | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7660321 | Cortes | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7702081 | Klesper | Apr 2010 | B1 |
7711094 | Olshansky | May 2010 | B1 |
7739033 | Murata | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7747258 | Farmer | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7751614 | Funakura | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7774003 | Ortega | Aug 2010 | B1 |
7783297 | Ishii | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7822823 | Jhanji | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7881233 | Bieselin | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7881730 | Sheha | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7895263 | Kirchmeier | Feb 2011 | B1 |
7937067 | Maier | May 2011 | B2 |
20010011247 | O'Flaherty | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20010015756 | Wilcock | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20010016849 | Squibbs | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20020032036 | Nakajima | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020037735 | Maggenti | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020052214 | Maggenti | May 2002 | A1 |
20020061760 | Maggenti | May 2002 | A1 |
20020069239 | Katada | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020069529 | Wieres | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020077083 | Zellner | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020077084 | Zellner | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020077118 | Zellner | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020077897 | Zellner | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020085538 | Leung | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020086683 | Kohar | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020102996 | Jenkins | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020102999 | Maggenti | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020111172 | DeWolf | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020112047 | Kushwaha | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020118650 | Jagadeesan | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020123327 | Vataja | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020123354 | Nowak | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020126656 | Park | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020130906 | Miyaki | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020158777 | Flick | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020164998 | Younis | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020169539 | Menard | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020173317 | Nykanen | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020191595 | Mar | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030009277 | Fan | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030009602 | Jacobs | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030012148 | Peters | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030013449 | Hose | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030014487 | Iwakawa | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030016804 | Sheha | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030026245 | Ejzak | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030032448 | Bulthius | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030036848 | Sheha | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030036949 | Kaddeche | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030037163 | Kitada | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030040272 | Lelievre | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030045327 | Kobayashi | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030054835 | Gutowski | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030060938 | Duvall | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030065788 | Salomaki | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030072318 | Lam | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030078054 | Okuda | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030078064 | Chan | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030081557 | Mettala | May 2003 | A1 |
20030096623 | Kim | May 2003 | A1 |
20030101329 | Lahti | May 2003 | A1 |
20030101341 | Kettler | May 2003 | A1 |
20030103484 | Oommen | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030108176 | Kung | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030109245 | McCalmont | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030114157 | Spitz | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030119521 | Tipnis | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030119528 | Pew | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030125064 | Koskinen | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030126250 | Jhanji | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030137961 | Tsirtsis | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030149526 | Zhou | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030151501 | Teckchandani | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030153340 | Crockett | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030153341 | Crockett | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030153342 | Crockett | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030153343 | Crockett | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030161298 | Bergman | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030165254 | Chen | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030182053 | Swope | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030186709 | Rhodes | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030196105 | Fineburg | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030201931 | Durst | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030204640 | Sahineja | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030223381 | Schroderus | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030231190 | Jawerth | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030236618 | Kamikawa | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040002326 | Maher | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040002814 | Gogic | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040008225 | Cambell | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040021567 | Dunn | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040032485 | Stephens | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040041729 | Rowitch | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040043775 | Kennedy | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040044623 | Wake | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040047342 | Gavish | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040047461 | Weisman et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040054428 | Sheha | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040068724 | Gardner | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040076277 | Kuusinen | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040098497 | Banet | May 2004 | A1 |
20040124977 | Biffar | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040132465 | Mattila | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040146040 | Phan-Anh | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040181689 | Kiyoto | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040184584 | McCalmont | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040186880 | Yamamoto | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040190497 | Knox | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040198332 | Lundsgaard | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040198375 | Schwengler | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040198386 | Dupray | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040204829 | Endo | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040204847 | Yanai | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040205151 | Sprigg | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040205517 | Lampert | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040220957 | McDonough | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040229632 | Flynn | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040242238 | Wang | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040267445 | De Luca | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050027445 | McDonough | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050028034 | Gantman | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050031095 | Pietrowics | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050039178 | Marolia | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050041578 | Huotari | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050043037 | Loppe | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050043038 | Maanoja | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050053209 | D'Evelyn | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050062636 | Conway | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050063519 | James | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050071671 | Karaoguz | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050078612 | Lang | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050083911 | Grabelsky | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050085999 | Onishi | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050086467 | Asokan | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050090236 | Schwinke | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050101335 | Kelly | May 2005 | A1 |
20050107673 | Ball | May 2005 | A1 |
20050112030 | Gaus | May 2005 | A1 |
20050119012 | Merheb | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050125148 | Van Buer | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050134504 | Harwood | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050135569 | Dickinson | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050136885 | Kaltsukis | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050149430 | Williams | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050159883 | Humphries | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050174991 | Keagy | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050190746 | Xiong | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050190892 | Dawson | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050192822 | Hartenstein | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050201528 | Meer | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050201529 | Nelson | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050209995 | Aksu | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050213716 | Zhu | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050219067 | Chung | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050232252 | Hoover | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050239458 | Hurtta | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050242168 | Tesavis | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050255857 | Kim | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050259675 | Tuohino | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050261002 | Cheng | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050265318 | Khartabil | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050271029 | Iffland | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050282518 | D'Evelyn | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050287979 | Rollender | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050289097 | Trossen | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060008065 | Longman et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060019724 | Bahl | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060023747 | Koren et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060026288 | Acharya | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060041375 | Witmer | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060053225 | Poikselka | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060058102 | Nguyen et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060068753 | Karpen | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060069503 | Suomela | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060072729 | Lee et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060074547 | Kaufman | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060077911 | Shaffer | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060088152 | Green | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060104306 | Adamczkk | May 2006 | A1 |
20060120517 | Moon | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060128395 | Muhonen | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060135177 | Winterbottom | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060188083 | Breen | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060193447 | Schwartz | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060200359 | Khan | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060212558 | Sahinoja | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060212562 | Kushwaha | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060224752 | Parekh | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060233338 | Venkata | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060234639 | Kushwaha | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060234698 | Fok | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060239205 | Warren | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060250987 | White | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060258380 | Liebowitz | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060259365 | Agarwal et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060268120 | Funakura | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060270421 | Phillips | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060281437 | Cook | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060293024 | Benco | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060293066 | Edge | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070003024 | Olivier | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070004461 | Bathina | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070014282 | Mitchell | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070019614 | Hoffman | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070021908 | Jaugilas | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070022011 | Altberg et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070026854 | Nath | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070026871 | Wager | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070027997 | Polk | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070030539 | Nath | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070032244 | Counts | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070036139 | Patel | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070049288 | Lamprecht | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070054676 | Duan | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070060097 | Edge | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070072553 | Barbera | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070081635 | Croak | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070083911 | Madden | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070115941 | Patel | May 2007 | A1 |
20070121601 | Kikinis | May 2007 | A1 |
20070139411 | Jawerth | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070149166 | Turcotte | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070149213 | Lamba | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070162228 | Mitchell | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070182631 | Berlinsky | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070201623 | Hines | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070206568 | Silver | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070206613 | Silver | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070208687 | O'Connor | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070242660 | Xu | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070253429 | James | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070254625 | Edge | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070263610 | Mitchell | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070270164 | Maier | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070291733 | Doran | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080032703 | Krumm | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080037715 | Prozeniuk | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080045250 | Hwang | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080063153 | Krivorot | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080065775 | Polk | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080077324 | Hatano | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080084975 | Schwartz | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080117859 | Shahidi | May 2008 | A1 |
20080129475 | Breed | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080162637 | Adamczyk | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080176582 | Ghai | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080186164 | Emigh | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080195314 | Green | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080200182 | Shim | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080214202 | Toomey | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080220747 | Ashkenazi | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080288166 | Onishi | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20090003535 | Grabelsky | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090067417 | Kalavade | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090097450 | Wallis | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090113346 | Wickramasuriya | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090128404 | Martino | May 2009 | A1 |
20090177557 | Klein | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090224931 | Dietz | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090298488 | Snapp | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090328163 | Preece | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100003976 | Zhu | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100004993 | Troy | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100042592 | Stolz | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100067444 | Faccin | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100167760 | Kim | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100188992 | Raleigh | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100268848 | Maurya | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20110113060 | Martini | May 2011 | A1 |
20110165861 | Wilson et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20120015639 | Trivi et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20130083902 | Goswami et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20140105373 | Sharpe | Apr 2014 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
WO9921380 | Oct 1998 | WO |
WO0145342 | Jun 2001 | WO |
WO0211407 | Feb 2002 | WO |
WO2004025941 | Mar 2004 | WO |
WO2007027166 | Jun 2005 | WO |
WO2005051033 | Jun 2005 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Le-Pond Chin, Jyh-Hong Wen, Ting-Way Liu, The Study of the Interconnection of GSM Mobile Communications Systems Over IP Based Network, May 6, 2001, IEEE, Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 3, pp. 2219-2223. |
Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, LBS Control Plane Roaming—80-VD377-1NP A, 2006, pp. 1-10. |
Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, MS Resident User Plane LBS Roaming—80-VC718-1 E, 2006, pp. 1-37. |
3rd Generation Partnership Project 2, Position Determination Service Standard for Dual Mode Spread Spectrum Systems, Feb. 16, 2001, pp. i-X, 1-1-1-5, 2-1-2-2, 3-1-3-51, 4-1-4-66, A-1-A-2, B-1-B-2, C-1-C-2, D-1-D-2. |
Intrado Inc., Qwest Detailed SR/ALI to MPC/GMLC Interface Specification for TCP/IP Implementation of TIA/EIA/J-STD-036 E2 with Phase I Location Description Addition, Intrado Informed Response; Apr. 2004; Issue 1.11; pp. 1-57. |
Extended European Search Report from EPO in European Appl. No. 06827172.5 dated Dec. 29, 2009. |
Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, LBS Control Plane/User Plane Overview—80-VD378-1 NP B, 2006, pp. 1-36. |
Bhalla et al, TELUS, Technology Strategy—LBS Roaming Summit, Sep. 19, 2006. |
Alfredo Aguirre, Ilusacell, First and Only Carrier in Mexico with a 3G CDMA Network, 2007. |
Mike McMullen, Sprint, LBS Roaming Summit, Sep. 19, 2006. |
Nars Haran, U.S. Cellular, Packet Data—Roaming and LBS Overview, Nov. 2, 2007, pp. 1-15. |
Location Based Services V2 Roaming Support (non proprietary), 80-V8470-2NP A, dated Jan. 27, 2005, pp. 1-56. |
Yilin Ahao, Efficient and reliable date transmission for cellular and GPS based mayday systems, Nov. 1997, IEEE, IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation System, 1997. ITSC 97, 555-559. |
Examiner's Office Letterin Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-542691 dated Sep. 7, 2009. |
JP Laid-Open Gazette No. 2004-158947 (English abstract only). |
JP Laid-Open Gazette No. 2007-507123 (counterpart English text US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0054676). |
T. Hattori, “Wireless Broadband Textbook,” IDG Japan, Jun. 10, 2002, p. 142-p. 143. (no English text). |
Schulzrinne et al., Emergency Services for Internet Telephony Systems draft-schulzrinne-sipping-emergency-arch, IETF Standard Working Draft, Feb. 4, 2004, 1-22. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20140286484 A1 | Sep 2014 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61803662 | Mar 2013 | US |