Patent Application
20200368830
The present invention relates to an indexable rotary cutting tool and a tool body. More specifically, the present invention relates to an indexable roughing end mill on which a plurality of cutting inserts is mounted and a tool body applied to such end mill.
Conventionally, there has been an indexable roughing end mill as one type of indexable rotary cutting tools for the purpose of providing highly-efficient work. The indexable roughing end mill has a cylindrical tool body that is provided with a plurality of grooves extending from its base end side toward its leading end side in a peripheral surface of the tool body and a plurality of cutting inserts is removably mounted along the grooves. Since the plurality of inserts arranged in a direction of a rotational axis of the tool body is involved in cutting in such roughing end mill, the depth of cut provided by the tool is significantly large. Accordingly, by feeding the tool in a horizontal direction relative to a workpiece while maintaining such a large depth of cut, a highly-efficient cutting process can be performed. However, in the indexable roughing end mill, the number of contacts between the cutting tool and the workpiece that occurs during a cutting process is larger than in normal tools, and therefore vibration (chattering) is likely to occur due to the resonance of vibration (cutting vibration) generated during the cutting process, which causes a work surface of the workpiece to be roughened and causes cutting edges of the cutting inserts to be likely to suffer from chipping.
In order to solve the above-mentioned vibration problem, various proposals have been made. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an indexable roughing end mill in which a plurality of cutting inserts is arranged in two types of arrangements—cutting edge array pattern A and cutting edge array pattern B—in four spiral grooves provided in a tool body and when angles formed by adjacent cutting inserts in a common spiral groove and an axis of the tool in a side development elevation of the tool body are defined as arrangement angles, the arrangement angles between the cutting inserts have been devised so as to be adjusted appropriately in each of the cutting edge array pattern A and cutting edge array pattern B. With such configuration, time intervals of contacts between the workpiece and the plurality of cutting inserts involved in the cutting can be shifted from each other. Accordingly, the indexable roughing end mill of Patent Document 1 can provide an effect of suppressing resonance and thereby suppressing chattering.
Although a certain level of chattering suppression effect can be obtained by the indexable roughing end mill described in Patent Document 1, the effect still cannot be considered sufficient. This is because, further smoothness in a work surface of a workpiece has been demanded in recent times and the generation of chattering has been required to be suppressed in a more reliable manner.
An object of the present invention is to provide an indexable rotary cutting tool and a tool body capable of further suppressing the generation of chattering as compared to the conventional indexable roughing end mills.
The present invention provides an indexable rotary cutting tool (10), comprising: a substantially cylindrical tool body (20) having a rotational axis (O); and cutting inserts (40) mounted on the tool body (20), the tool body (20) having a peripheral surface (23) provided with a plurality of spiral grooves (28) in which a plurality of insert seats (30) is formed, the cutting inserts (40) being removably arranged on the insert seats (30), wherein, when positions of the cutting inserts (40) arranged in each of the spiral grooves (28) are defined as a first segment to an nth segment (where n is an integer of 2 or higher) from a leading end surface (22) side to a base end surface (21) side of the tool body (20): as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body (20), all of angles (β1, . . . βm (where m is an integer of 2 or higher)) between lines connecting the rotational axis (O) and the cutting inserts (40) in the first segments of the respective spiral grooves (28) are different from each other; and as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body (20), an angle (αt) between the cutting insert (40) in the first segment and the cutting insert (40) in the nth segment, being a last segment, arranged in the spiral groove (28) is different from any of the angles (β1, . . . βm (where m is an integer of 2 or higher) between the lines.
The present invention also provides a tool body (20) applied to the above-mentioned indexable rotary cutting tool (10), the tool body (20) comprising the plurality of spiral grooves (28) in which a plurality of insert seats (30) for removably arranging the respective cutting inserts (40) is formed on a peripheral surface (23).
According to the present invention, it is possible to set the timings at which the cutting inserts bite into a workpiece irregularly and to suppress chattering with the configuration of not allowing the plurality of cutting inserts to simultaneously bite into the workpiece.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the attached drawings.
An indexable rotary cutting tool 10 according to the present embodiment is basically constituted by: a substantially cylindrical tool body 20 having a plurality of insert seats 30; and a plurality of cutting inserts 40 mounted on the insert seats 30, as shown in
As shown in
A plurality of spiral grooves 28 is formed in the peripheral surface 23 between the first end surface 21 and the second end surface 22 of the tool body 20. The spiral grooves 28 have certain width and depth and are formed so as to be swirled counterclockwise from the base end side toward the leading end side, as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body 20. The spiral grooves 28 start from a portion of the peripheral surface 23 near the first end surface 21 of the tool body 20 and reach the second end surface 22. Although four spiral grooves 28 are provided in the present embodiment shown in the drawing, the number of spiral grooves 28 is not limited thereto, as long as two or more spiral grooves are provided. The plurality of insert seats 30 is formed along the spiral groove 28 in areas facing forward in a tool rotating direction K in the spiral groove 28. In the present embodiment shown in the drawing, although five insert seats 30 are provided in one spiral groove 28, the number of insert seats 30 is not limited thereto, as long as two or more insert seats 30 are provided. However, every spiral groove is formed such that one insert seat is located on a portion at the second end surface 22. On the other hand, a plurality of coolant ejection ports 27 for ejecting the coolant is provided in areas facing opposite to the tool rotating direction K in the spiral groove 28. The coolant ejection ports 27 communicate with the above-mentioned coolant supply holes 25. The number, arrangement, etc. of the coolant ejection ports 27 may be changed as appropriate, in accordance with a desired cooling performance, etc.
The insert seat 30 is basically constituted by a flat bottom surface 31 that is brought into contact with a seating surface (lower surface) 42 of the cutting insert 40 and two flat side surfaces 32, 33 that are brought into contact with part of a peripheral surface 43 of the cutting insert 40. The bottom surface 31 of the insert seat 30 has a shape and dimension that are similar to those of the seating surface 42 of the cutting insert 40 to be mounted. The shape is substantially triangular in the present embodiment. A fixture hole 34 for fixing the cutting insert 40 onto the insert seat 30 by screwing is provided at substantially the center of the bottom surface 31. The side surfaces 32 and 33 of the insert seats 30 are constituted by a first side surface 32 facing the base end side and the peripheral surface side of the tool and a second side surface 33 facing the leading end side and the peripheral surface side of the tool. The first side surface 32 and the second side surface 33 intersect with each other at about 60 degrees. The bottom surface 31 intersects with the first side surface 32 and the second side surface 33 at an obtuse angle. The shape, number and positional relationship of the bottom surface 31 and the side surfaces 32, 33 of the insert seat 30 may be appropriately changed as needed, in consideration of the shape of the cutting insert 40 to be mounted, etc.
The cutting insert 40 used in the present embodiment has a flattened, substantially regular triangular prism shape in a planar view, as shown in
Part of the intersecting edge between the upper surface 41 and the peripheral surface 43 can function as cutting edges. Specifically, major cutting edges 45 are formed on the long side portions, minor cutting edges 46 are formed on the short side portions, and corner cutting edges 47 are formed on each corner at which the long side portion and the short side portion intersect with each other at a substantially right angle. An angle formed by the upper surface 41 and the peripheral surface 43 is an acute angle and an angle formed by the lower surface 42 and the peripheral surface 43 is an obtuse angle. In other words, this cutting insert 40 is a so-called positive type. A mounting hole 44 that receives a fastening screw 50 for removably mounting the cutting insert 40 to the insert seat 30 is formed so as to penetrate substantially the center of the upper surface 41 and the lower surface 42. Accordingly, since the cutting insert 40 of the present embodiment has three sets of a major cutting edge 45, a minor cutting edge 46 and a corner cutting edge 47, the sets of cutting edges can be used sequentially while changing the attachment positions—in other words, a single cutting insert 40 has three positions that can be involved in a cutting process. However, the shape and configuration of the cutting insert 40 used in the indexable rotary cutting tool 10 of the present invention are not limited thereto and they may be appropriately changed as needed. For example, the contour of the cutting insert 40 may be other polygonal shapes, such as quadrangles and pentagons, and the cutting insert may be of a negative type in which the peripheral surface intersects with the upper surface and the lower surface at 90 degrees.
Such cutting insert 40 is mounted on the insert seat 30 of the tool body 20 by the fastening screw 50. At this time, the lower surface 42 of the cutting insert 40 is brought into contact with the bottom surface 31 of the insert seat 30. In addition, the peripheral surface 43 of the cutting insert 40 is brought into contact with the first side surface 32 and the second side surface 33 of the insert seat 30. At this time, the cutting insert 40 is mounted so as to be arranged in positional relationships in which the major cutting edge 45 is projected from and parallel to the peripheral surface 23 of the tool body 20 and the minor cutting edge 46 faces the leading end surface 22 side of the tool body 20 (with the exception that the minor cutting edge 46 of the cutting insert 40 that is mounted closest to the leading end is projected from the leading end surface 22) and is parallel to the leading end surface 22 (i.e., orthogonal to a central axis O). By fixing the cutting insert 40 to the tool body 20 using the fastening screw 50, it is possible to eliminate projections projected in the groove 28, in comparison with a configuration using a wedge, a presser piece, etc. to fix the cutting insert 40, and it is therefore possible to enhance the discharging efficiency of chips.
The cutting insert 40 can be made of hard materials, such as a cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, a material obtained by applying a coating to these materials, an ultrahigh-pressure sintered body containing diamond or cubic boron nitride, and a material obtained by applying a coating to the ultrahigh-pressure sintered body containing cubic boron nitride.
In a side view of the tool body 20, distances from the leading end surface 22 of the tool body 20 to the respective cutting inserts 40 in the direction of the rotational axis O (specifically, the distances from the leading end surface 22 to the corner cutting edges 47 of the respective cutting inserts 40) are equal among all the spiral grooves 28. More specifically, as shown in
Furthermore, in the five cutting inserts 40 located in one spiral groove 28, all of the angles between the lines connecting the rotational axis O and the respective corner cutting edges 47 of the five cutting inserts 40 are equal, as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body 20. Specifically, as shown in
In another embodiment, the angles between the cutting inserts 40 may be set such that the angle α1 between the cutting insert 401 in the first segment and the cutting insert 402 in the second segment is larger than the angles α2, α3, α4 between the cutting inserts 402, 403, 404, 405 in the second and subsequent segments. In this case, all the angles between the cutting inserts in the second and subsequent segments (in the present embodiment, the angles α2, α3, α4) are equal.
As described above, the relationship of α1 to α4 is only required to satisfy α1≥α2=α3=α4.
In the present embodiment, the fourth spiral grooves 28 are not provided at a constant pitch in a circumferential direction of the tool body 20. Specifically, as shown in
As a major feature of the present invention, as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body 20, an angle between the cutting insert 401 in the first segment and the cutting insert 405 in the last segment (the fifth segment in the present embodiment) in one spiral groove 28 does not coincide with any angle between adjacent spiral grooves 28. Specifically, a total value at of the angles α1, α2, α3, α4 (see
When the positions of the cutting inserts 40 arranged in each spiral groove 28 are defined as a first segment to an nth segment (where n is an integer of 2 or higher) from the leading end surface 22 side of the tool body 20 toward the base end surface 21 side, as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body 20, the angles β1, . . . βm (where m is an integer of 2 or higher) between lines connecting the rotational axis O and the cutting inserts 40 in the first segments of the respective spiral grooves 28 are different from one another and the angle αt between the cutting insert 40 in the first segment and the cutting insert 40 in the nth segment in one spiral groove 28 is different from any of the angles β1, . . . βm (where m is an integer of 2 or higher) between the lines. In the present embodiment where all of α1 to α4 are equally set to 23.5 degrees, the angle αt is 94.0 degrees while the angle β1 is 90.2 degrees, the angle β2 is 88.0 degrees, the angle β3 is 89.8 degrees and the angle β4 is 92 degrees, and therefore the above-mentioned relationship is satisfied.
In the side view of the tool body 20, all the cutting inserts 40 are arranged so as to be tilted at a specific angle in a positive direction with respect to the rotational axis O in a state in which the cutting inserts 40 are mounted on the insert seats 30. In other words, a positive axial rake angle is set for the cutting inserts 40. In the present embodiment, this axial rake angle is 6.5 degrees in the present embodiment, although the axial rake angle is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the axial rake angles of the cutting inserts 40 in the second and subsequent segments may be set larger than the axial rake angle of the cutting insert 40 in the first segment. In this example, all of the axial rake angles for the cutting inserts 40 in the second to fifth segments are the same. However, the axial rake angle is not limited to these examples and the axial rake angle may be set to a negative angle in consideration of the shape of the cutting inserts 40 to be mounted, or the axial rake angles may be set so as to be different from each other between the segments.
As described earlier, in the present embodiment, all of the five cutting inserts 40 mounted in each spiral groove 28 of the tool body 20 are of a common type (i.e., having the same dimension and shape) as shown in
In a side view of the tool body 20, as shown in
The advantageous effects of the indexable rotary cutting tool 10 according to the present embodiment will now be described.
The indexable rotary cutting tool 10 of the present embodiment has a characteristic configuration in which, when the positions of the cutting inserts 40 arranged in each spiral groove 28 are defined as a first segment to an nth segment (where n is an integer of 2 or higher) from the leading end surface 22 side of the tool body 20 toward the base end surface 21 side as described above, as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body 20, all the angles β1, . . . βm (where m is an integer of 2 or higher) between the lines connecting the rotational axis O and the cutting inserts 40 in the first segments of the respective spiral grooves 28 are different from each other and the angle αt between the cutting insert 40 in the first segment and the cutting insert 40 in the nth segment in one spiral groove 28 is different from any of the angles β1, . . . βm (where m is an integer of 2 or higher) between the lines. With such configuration, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.
First, by configuring the angles β1, . . . βm between the adjacent spiral grooves 28 so as to be unequal to each other (in other words, in an irregular pitch), when the indexable rotary cutting tool 10 performs a cutting process while rotating, the major cutting edges 45 of the cutting inserts 40 come into contact with the workpiece at more complex timings, rather than regular timings. With such configuration, the waveform of vibrations generated in the indexable rotary cutting tool 10 is disturbed and resonance becomes less likely to occur.
In addition, by configuring the angle αt between the cutting insert 40 in the first segment and the cutting insert 40 in the last segment in one spiral groove 28 so as not to coincide with any of the angles β1, . . . βm between the adjacent spiral grooves 28, a cutting insert mounted on one spiral groove 28 and a cutting insert mounted on another spiral groove 28 will not be aligned in the direction of the rotational axis O along the side surface of the tool body 20, and the timings at which the plurality of cutting inserts starts to contact with the workpiece can be shifted from each other.
More specifically, unlike a configuration in which, as viewed from the leading end surface side, four spiral grooves are provided so as to be 90 degrees apart from each other and five cutting inserts are provided within a 90 degree angular range in each spiral groove, the four spiral grooves 28 are provided at an irregular pitch and the five cutting inserts 40 are provided within a 94 degree angular range in the present embodiment. As a result, since a positional deviation ΔD in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis O is generated between the cutting insert 405 in the last (fifth) segment in one spiral groove 28 and the cutting insert 401 in the first segment of a spiral groove 28 that is adjacent to such one spiral groove 28 in a direction opposite to the tool rotating direction K, as shown in
This relationship becomes true for the cutting inserts arranged in all the adjacent spiral grooves 28 by configuring the angle αt so as not to coincide with any of the angles β1, . . . βm. As a result, it becomes possible to suppress a large impact that has been generated at every moment when a spiral groove involved in cutting is switched to the next spiral groove and it is therefore possible to reduce the generation of vibration itself. As described above, the present invention can exert a significant effect of suppressing chattering by way of the synergetic effect of the following two effects: (1) suppressing the generation of resonance and (2) reducing the generation of vibration itself.
It is also possible to further suppress the generation of resonance by configuring an absolute value of a difference between the angle αt between the cutting insert 40 in the first segment and the cutting insert 40 in the last segment and the angles β1, . . . βm between the adjacent spiral grooves 28 so as to be smaller than the angles α1, . . . αn−1 (where n is an integer of 2 or higher) between the cutting inserts 40. That is to say, since an angle between the cutting insert 405 in the last segment (fifth segment) in one spiral groove 28 and the cutting insert 401 in the first segment in a spiral groove 28 that is located on an opposite side of such one spiral groove 28 with respect to the tool rotating direction K (i.e., the above-mentioned absolute value of the difference) is smaller than the angles α1, . . . αn−1 between the cutting inserts 40, the timings at which the respective cutting inserts 40 bite into the workpiece do not continue at a constant interval (i.e., at the same angle α1, . . . αn−1) between the adjacent spiral grooves 28. As a result, the resonance can be further suppressed and the above effect of preventing chattering can be further enhanced.
In the present embodiment, regarding the spiral grooves having a constant torsional angle, all the distances L1, . . . Ln from the leading end surface 22 of the tool body 20 to the respective cutting inserts 40 in the direction of the rotational axis O are set so as to be equal for all the spiral grooves 28, in a side view of the tool body 20. In addition, as viewed from the leading end surface side of the tool body 20, all the angles α1, . . . αn−1 between the lines connecting the rotational axis O and the respective cutting inserts 40 are set so as to be equal. Since chips generated as a result of cutting are discharged through the spiral grooves 28, such constant torsional angle of the spiral grooves 28 allows the flow of the chips to be smoothly discharged without being blocked by wall surfaces of the spiral grooves 28. Accordingly, the spiral grooves 28 become less likely to be clogged by the chips. As a result, it is possible to suppress a phenomenon in which chip clogging in the spiral grooves 28 impedes the rotation of the indexable rotary cutting tool 10 and causes vibration and it is also possible to prevent the surface of the workpiece from being roughened due to abrasion caused by the chips.
Regarding the angles α1, . . . αn−1 between the cutting inserts 40, in an embodiment in which the angle α1 between the cutting insert 40 in the first segment and the cutting insert 40 in the second segment is set so as to be larger than the angles α2, . . . αn−1 (n−1≥3) between the cutting inserts 40 in the second and subsequent segments, only the thickness of a back metal portion of the tool body 20 (i.e., the thickness of the tool body 20 on the side of the bottom surface 31 of the insert seat 30) corresponding to the cutting insert 40 in the first segment can be further increased. With such configuration, it is possible to securely support the cutting insert 40 in the first segment to which the largest impact is to be applied when it bites into the workpiece and it is therefore possible to prevent vibration or fracture from being generated due to wobbling of the cutting insert 40 in the first segment. In this embodiment, the angles α2, . . . αn−1 (n−1≥3) between the cutting inserts 40 in the second and subsequent segments may be determined as appropriate, as long as the condition in which the angles α2, . . . αn−1 (n−1≥3) is smaller than the angle α1 is satisfied, and, for example, all the angles α2, . . . αn−1 may be set so as to be equal. In such case, regarding the distances between the adjacent cutting inserts 40 in the direction of the rotational axis O, a distance between the cutting inserts 40 in the first and second segments is larger than a distance between the adjacent cutting inserts 40 in the second and subsequent segments.
The configuration of increasing the thickness of the back metal portion can be achieved in combination with the above-mentioned configuration of setting the angle α1 in the spiral groove 28 so as to be equal to the angles α2, . . . αn−1. It is also possible to configure the angle α1 between the cutting insert 40 in the first segment and the cutting insert 40 in the second segment so as to be larger than the angles α2, . . . αn−1 between the cutting inserts 40 in the second and subsequent segments, while setting all the distances between the adjacent cutting inserts 40 in the direction of the rotational axis O so as to be equal. In such cases, since the torsional angle between the first segment and the second segment in the spiral groove 28 becomes different from the torsional angles in the second and subsequent segments (the torsional angles in the second and subsequent segments become larger than the torsional angle between the first segment and the second segment), the discharging efficiency of the chips decreases to a certain extent. However, by configuring the torsional angles so as to vary appropriately, it is possible to obtain an effect in which the cutting insert 40 in the first segment can be supported rigidly while maintaining a sufficient discharging efficiency of the chips.
In an embodiment in which the axial rake angles of the cutting inserts 40 in the second and subsequent segments are set so as to be larger with respect to a positive side than the axial rake angle of the cutting insert 40 in the first segment, the following effect can be obtained. By setting the axial rake angles of the cutting inserts 40 so as to be large as a whole with respect to a positive side, the cutting resistance generated when the major cutting edges 45 cut the workpiece is reduced and the generation of vibration is significantly suppressed. In addition, since the direction in which the chips are discharged is a direction along the spiral groove 28, the discharging efficiency of the chips can be increased. However, the cutting insert 40 in the first segment is an only cutting insert whose minor cutting edge 46 is involved in the cutting of a bottom work surface of the workpiece and if the axial rake angle of the cutting insert 40 in the first segment is too large with respect to the positive side, the peripheral surface (flank) 43 of the cutting insert 40 may come into contact with the workpiece and the work surface may be roughened. Thus, it is preferable for the axial rake angle of the cutting insert 40 in the first segment to not be set so as to be large with respect to the positive side, unlike the other cutting inserts 40. On the other hand, regarding the cutting inserts 40 in the second and subsequent segments, the minor cutting edges 46 are not involved in cutting and the axial rake angles can therefore be set so as to be large with respect to the positive side.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the configurations described as examples in the above-mentioned embodiments and other embodiments and modifications described herein. For example, the present invention is also applicable to a head-replaceable type indexable roughing end mill or to an indexable roughing end mill integrated with an arbor.
As described above, various changes can be made to the present invention and substitutions and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention defined in the scope of the claims in the present application.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-266252 | Dec 2013 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15106745 | Jun 2016 | US |
| Child | 16990964 | US |
