In the manufacture of clothing articles, non-linear, irregular, or curved seams may be difficult to affix or join together. In one example, these types of seams may be difficult to sew or stitch together. In another example, typical heat presses may be used to bond or affix seams. These heat presses generally have planar surfaces, and these planar surfaces work best on planar seams. Traditional heat presses are ill-adapted for use on curved or non-planar seams. As such, these seams may not be properly bonded and may suffer from structural deficiencies or weaknesses.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The present invention is defined by the claims.
In brief, and at a high level, the present invention is directed to methods for bonding clothing article seams using induction heating. In some aspects, an electromagnetic field is used to inductively heat a structure having three-dimensional deformability, where the structure is located at a desired seam location of a clothing article in order to transfer heat to an adhesive and bond the seam. By using a structure having three-dimensional deformability, the structure can be used on irregular or curved seams. More specifically, the three-dimensional deformability of the structure enables it to closely conform to the irregular or curved seam such that bonding is enhanced or facilitated.
In further aspects, the electromagnetic field may be used to directly inductively heat an adhesive having ferromagnetic particles. In yet other aspects, the electromagnetic field is used to inductively heat ferromagnetic materials integrated into targeted portions of fabric, such that the targeted portions correspond to seams in a constructed garment.
Aspects are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
The subject matter of the present invention is described with specificity herein to meet statutory requirements. However, the description itself is not intended to limit the scope of this patent. Rather, the inventors have contemplated that the claimed subject matter might also be embodied in other ways, to include different steps or combinations of steps similar to the ones described in this document, in conjunction with other present or future technologies. Moreover, although the terms “step” and/or “block” may be used herein to connote different elements of methods employed, the terms should not be interpreted as implying any particular order among or between various steps herein disclosed unless and except when the order of individual steps is explicitly described.
Aspects of the present invention are directed to induction heating methods for bonding seams in the manufacture of clothing articles. In one aspect, a structure having three-dimensional conformability or deformability is placed on materials used to construct a clothing article at a desired location of a seam. Generally, the structure encloses a ferromagnetic material, such as iron, nickel, and/or cobalt for example, that is heated using an electromagnetic field. When heated, the enclosed ferromagnetic material in the structure transfers heat to a heat-activated and/or heat-set adhesive placed between fabric panels in order to form a seam. In further aspects, the adhesive includes ferromagnetic materials that may be inductively heated to activate heat-responsive adhesives. In additional or alternative aspects, the fabric layers or panels used to construct the clothing article integrate ferromagnetic materials that may be inductively heated to set or cure an adhesive. Accordingly, ferromagnetic materials may be found in the structure, an adhesive, fabric materials, or a combination thereof in aspects of the methods described herein. The mechanics of induction heating through the generation of an oscillating magnetic field is not explained in detail here, as the technicalities will be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art.
At
At a high level, the application of energy includes generating an electromagnetic field using an alternating current (i.e., “AC”) and an electromagnet. The alternating current may be high frequency, in some aspects. Ferromagnetic materials within the electromagnetic field are inductively heated, as will be understood by those having skill in the art. Exemplary ferromagnetic materials include iron, nickel, and cobalt, for example. Non-ferrous materials are contemplated to be within the scope of this disclosure, as induction heating technology advances to enable heating of non-ferrous materials such as copper and aluminum, for example. In aspects, the alternating current may not be high frequency, as the frequency and/or frequency range employed generally depends on material-specific resistance, thickness, and size, in some aspects. For the purposes of simplicity, the Description refers generally to ferromagnetic materials.
In order for the structure to be inductively heated via the application of energy, the structure includes a conductive filling. In aspects, the conductive material is enclosed completely within the structure. For example, the conductive material is sealed within a bag-like structure. The term conductive is used herein to describe materials that conduct energy, such as heat and/or electricity. In some aspects, at least a portion of the conductive filling is a ferromagnetic material. In further aspects, the conductive filling consists entirely of ferromagnetic materials. Generally, ferromagnetic materials also have the ability to conduct heat. By generating an electromagnetic field at or near the structure, the conductive filling having ferromagnetic material is inductively heated. Unlike conventional heating methods, the structure does not require actual physical contact with a heat-conducting source in order to heat the ferromagnetic materials. And unlike conventional heating methods, induction heating enables especially rapid heating of ferromagnetic materials. Further, induction heating produces consistent, uniform heating of ferromagnetic materials, which prevents “hot spots.” Induction heating also reduces energy consumption, making its use energy efficient. And because induction heating heats a ferromagnetic material itself, there is no hot surface on which a person may be burned or to which flammable materials may be exposed, for example. This may reduce the risk of injury and unsafe conditions.
Additionally, the structure has three-dimensional conformability. As used throughout this disclosure, the term “three-dimensional conformability” means that that the structure is able to conform to any surface upon which the structure is placed. The three-dimensional conformability facilitates increased contact of the structure with the surface. For example, when the structure is placed on a flat surface, the structure flattens out to maximize contact of the structure with the flat surface. In another example, when the structure is placed on a rounded, convex surface, the structure forms a concave-shaped contact surface that contours to the rounded, convex surface. In aspects, the structure may be laid or draped upon a surface in order to facilitate a contoured contact between the structure and the surface. In some aspects, the amount (e.g., surface area) of contact between the structure and a surface may be increased and/or maximized depending on the materials used to construct the structure, the dimensions of the structure, the materials of the conductive filling, and the dimensions or volume of the conductive filling materials within the structure. In aspects, the structure may be constructed of a flexible fabric or material.
The conductive filling may include a plurality of similarly shaped objects, such as pellets or beads. Alternatively, the conductive filling may include a plurality of irregularly shaped objects, such as shavings or filings. Generally, the plurality of objects may be similar in size to one another, independent of shape. The plurality of objects may be smaller in size when compared to the overall size of the structure. Exemplary conductive fillings include filings, shavings, beads, pellets, or a combination thereof, at least a portion of which include a ferromagnetic material that may be inductively heated. In one example, the conductive filling includes iron filings, wherein the iron may be inductively heated and further, may conduct heat, such as ceramic pellets. In another example, the conductive filling includes a mixture of iron filings and copper pellets, such that only the iron filings are inductively heated but both the iron filings and copper pellets conduct heat. In such an example, the copper pellets are actually heated by the iron filings via conduction, and in turn, may conduct heat to set or cure an adhesive. Copper may be used in the conductive filling, for example, because of its superior heat conduction properties that may surpass those of other materials, including ferromagnetic materials. The compositional make-up of the conductive filling may be determined so as to maximize heat conduction of the conductive filling and structure, for example. Additionally or alternatively, the compositional make-up of the conductive filling may be determined so as to minimize the amount of time necessary for inductively heating the conductive filling and structure (e.g., materials having high electric resistance may heat up quickly and retain energy longer). Any number of combinations of ferromagnetic materials with non-ferrous, conductive materials is contemplated to be within the scope of the Description. As inductive heat technology progresses, an entirely non-ferrous, conductive filling is contemplated to be within the scope this Description.
Regarding the conductive filling, the dimensions and volume of the plurality of objects are relative to the volume of the structure having three-dimensional conformability. The dimensions and/or volume of the objects are such that the objects easily and freely move within the structure and around one another. For example, each individual object may have a volume approximately 1/50th of the total volume of the structure. In another example, each individual object may have a volume in the range of 1/500th and 1/1000th of the total volume of the structure. In yet another example, the plurality of individual objects, together, may have a volume in the range of 40% to 60% of the total volume of the structure. These ratios and percentages are merely for illustrative purposes. Generally, the dimensions and/or volume of each individual object are comparatively smaller than the overall structure, thereby allowing a plurality of the objects to be held or stored within the structure.
Additionally, the conductive filling may partially fill the interior volume of the structure in which it is enclosed. By partially filling the structure with the plurality of objects, such as iron filings, for example, the iron filings may easily shift and move around, spilling over one another as the structure is manipulated, moved, and/or placed on a surface. As such, the conductive filling has some freedom of movement as enclosed within the structure. This freedom of movement within the partially filled structure imbues the structure with flexibility and malleability, similar to a bean-bag, for example. In one example, a structure that is filled to 40% of its volume with conductive filling has greater flexibility than a structure that is filled to 75% of its volume with the same conductive filling, as the conductive filling has more volume and space to move around within the structure. Increased three-dimensional conformability may facilitate increased contact of the structure with a surface on which the structure is placed. Further, the weight of the conductive filling may further provide the structure with support from within, such that the structure may stay in one place when manipulated. For example, a structure that is filled to 60% of its internal volume with conductive filling has more structural integrity than a structure that is filled to 30% of its internal volume with the same conductive filling. In such an example, the 60% filled structure may be configured to stand upright, or on one side, or leaning without requiring other means of support, such that the conductive filling serves as a weighted base for the structure. In this way, the weight of the conductive filling may act to anchor the structure such that the structure stays in a place or position once placed. Therefore, when the structure having three-dimensional conformability is placed upon two or more portions of fabric at a location where the two or more portions of fabric contact one another to form an irregular garment seam, the structure stays in place at the location. As such, energy may be applied to heat the conductive filling enclosed within the structure having three-dimensional conformability and facilitate bonding of the two or more portions of fabric.
With reference to
In some aspects, the structure may be used to bond a seam that is irregular in shape. An irregular seam is a seam that is not uniform, is not straight, or is not linear, for example. In other aspects, an irregular seam is a seam that is difficult to sew, stitch, or heat press in a time efficient manner and/or without manufacturing defects. Further, in some aspects, at least one portion of the two or more portions of fabric has heat-bonding characteristics such that heat of the conductive filling causes the portion to bond to another of the two or more portions of the fabric.
As described herein, the structure is three-dimensionally conformable. The structure may be malleable such that the structure may be bent, reshaped, and/or twisted, for example. The three-dimensionally conformable structure is adapted or configured to conform to an irregular surface on which the structure is placed, in aspects. An irregular surface is a surface that is not uniformly flat (e.g., limited to two dimensional features and/or planar). For example, a surface that includes one or more of a convex curvature, a concave curvature, a slope, a grade, a point, a peak, a bump, a divot, an edge, or a combination thereof, may be described as an irregular surface. Because the structure may contour to an irregular surface, the structure may be placed on fabrics draped over or secured to shaped forms, for example. The structure contours to the forms and the fabric thereon, providing increased or maximized contact with the fabric.
In
It should be understood from the Description of the exemplary methods herein that the structure may be heated before or after the structure is placed as desired, such that the methods described herein should not be construed as limiting in order or sequence.
Turning to
In a further aspect, a heat-setting or heat-curing adhesive 402 (e.g., adhesive film or adhesive strip) that contains ferromagnetic material may be place at, near, within, or along the area of overlap for forming the desired seam 408. In such an aspect, energy is supplied to both the structure 400 and the adhesive 402 containing ferromagnetic materials, thus inductively heating the structure 400 and the ferromagnetic materials contained in the adhesive 402. As such, the structure 400 and the adhesive 402 are inductively heated in tandem so as to set and/or cure the adhesive 402 so as to bond the first and second portions 404 and 406 of fabric. Using the structure 400 together with the adhesive 402 containing ferromagnetic materials facilitates faster heating times and less heat stress on the fabric portions. Additionally, placing the structure 400 on top of the desired seam having the ferromagnetic-containing adhesive 402 may increase and/or ensure sufficient or total contact of the adhesive 402 with the fabric portions 404 and 406 to be bonded. In this way, the final, formed seam may be secured or sealed such that weak bonding points are avoided and there are no gaps in the final seam.
In yet another aspect, a heat-setting or heat-curing adhesive 402 (e.g., adhesive film or adhesive strip) may be placed along the desired seam 408 wherein the fabric itself or a portion thereof includes and/or integrates ferromagnetic materials (e.g., fabric woven or knit with conductive fibers). In some aspects, the portion of the fabric that integrates ferromagnetic materials corresponds to the area of overlap. The application of energy to the desired seam 408 having integrated ferromagnetic materials causes the adhesive to bond the fabric and/or other materials together. Additionally, the structure 400 may be used in tandem with fabrics having integrated ferromagnetic materials to ensure a sufficient setting or curing temperature is met or exceeded.
Whereas
In some aspects, the third and fourth portions 410 and 412 may be layered with a strip of heat-responsive adhesive tape 418. The heat-responsive adhesive tape 418 may be placed between the third and fourth portions 410 and 412 along the first edge 414 and second edge 416. The heat-responsive adhesive tape 418 may further correspond to an area of overlap 420 shared by the third and fourth portions 410 and 412, in some aspects. Once the third and fourth portions 410 and 412 are layered, a structure such as exemplary structure 400, may be placed upon the layered portions in order to heat the heat-responsive adhesive tape 418 placed there-between. As such, the portions may be bonded to one another along the first edge 414 and second edge 416.
Turning to
When bonded, the first, second, and third portions 452, 454, and 456 illustrated in
The present invention has been described in relation to particular aspects, which are intended in all respects to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Further, the present invention is not limited to these aspects, but variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
This application is a National Phase U.S. application of PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/054798, filed on Sep. 30, 2016, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 371 to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/237,710, filed Oct. 6, 2015, both applications hereby being incorporated by reference.
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