Patent Grant
10159117
The present invention relates to an induction heating system and an induction heating method for supplying electric power with different frequencies to a plurality of induction heating apparatuses, an output monitoring apparatus and an output monitoring method for monitoring an output situation when electric power is supplied from a power supply apparatus to a heating coil to perform induction heating, and an induction heating apparatus having a low-frequency current transformer and a high-frequency current transformer.
In a system according to a first related art, in order to perform induction heating on a workpiece according to the shape of the workpiece or a portion of the workpiece to be heated, or according to disposition of a coil with respect to the workpiece, a workpiece supporting manner, or the like, different types of multiple induction heating apparatuses are disposed. For example, when induction heating is performed, the penetration depth of a magnetic flux, which is generated from a heating coil, from the outer surface of a workpiece into the workpiece depends on a frequency, according to the thickness of a heat treatment layer, a frequency is selected. In order to thicken the heat treatment layer, a low frequency is used, and in order to make the heat treatment layer shallow, a high frequency is used. To this end, there is a system configured by disposing power sources having different output frequencies and connecting the power sources to induction heating apparatuses through switches, respectively, to perform induction heating on workpieces by the different frequencies (see, e.g., JP60-249288A).
Further, recently, induction heating has been performed using a plurality of frequencies, not one frequency. For example, induction heating has been performed by superimposing a low frequency and a high frequency at the same time.
However, if a power supply system for outputting electric power of a plurality of frequencies is disposed with respect to one induction heating apparatus, equipment becomes large in scale, and an induction heating system becomes expensive. Also, in the system disclosed in JP60-249288A, it is impossible to attach heating coils different in shape or size in the induction heating apparatuses, and freely set a time chart of power supply to each heating coil. Further, if it is assumed to make the thickness of the heat treatment layer different for each workpiece or to perform various heat treatments such as quenching and tempering in the individual induction heating apparatuses, since load impedances including workpieces are different with respect to the power supply system, it is necessary to provide a large-scale power supply system or matching circuit, and thus the entire induction heating system becomes large-scale.
In a system according to a second related art, one power supply apparatus is used to supply electric power to a plurality of induction heating apparatuses. This system includes, for example, a high-frequency power source, a current transformer having the primary side connected to the high-frequency power source, and a plurality of induction heating coils connected in parallel to the secondary side of the current transformer (see, e.g., JP2009-158394A). In this system, a voltage detecting sensor is provided on the secondary side of the current transformer, and a current detecting sensor is provided at a position adjacent to the induction heating coils. On the basis of the value of a voltage which the voltage detecting sensor detects, and the value of a current which the current detecting sensor detects, the magnitude of electric power being supplied to the induction heating coils is monitored.
However, when the power supply apparatus outputs electric power by a time-division multiplexing method or a superimposing method, it is impossible to monitor the output situation. Also, in a case where a plurality of power supply apparatuses supplies electric power according to a supply condition requested by each induction heating apparatus, there is no method of confirming whether electric power is being supplied according to the supply condition.
An object of the present invention is to provide an induction heating system and method capable of supplying electric power from a single power source system to a plurality of induction heating apparatuses and freely setting a time chart of power supply to each induction heating apparatus.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an output monitoring apparatus and an output monitoring method capable of grasping an output situation from a power supply apparatus. Another object of the present invention is to provide an induction heating system having that output monitoring apparatus. Another object of the present invention is to provide an output monitoring apparatus and method and an induction heating system capable of monitoring whether electric power is being supplied according to a supply condition by an instruction of an induction heating apparatus.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an induction heating apparatus which requires a smaller space to arrange and can perform induction heating with flexibility as one of a plurality of induction heating apparatuses forming an induction heating system.
According to an aspect of the present invention, an induction heating system includes a plurality of induction heating apparatuses, each of the induction heating apparatuses including a high-frequency current transformer, a low-frequency current transformer, and a heating coil to which a secondary side of the high-frequency current transformer and a secondary side of the low-frequency current transformer are connected in parallel, a high-frequency input switch connected to a primary side of the high-frequency current transformer, a low-frequency input switch connected to a primary side of the low-frequency current transformer, a first power source configured to adjust a ratio of a high frequency output time and a low frequency output time with respect to an output period and to output a high-frequency electric power and a low frequency electric power, a second power source configured to output an electric power of a frequency that is different from a frequency of the electric power output from the first power source, a first power source output switch arranged to be connectable to a low-frequency output terminal of the first power source, a second power source output switch arranged to be connectable to an output terminal of the second power source, and a switch controller configured to control the high-frequency input switch and the low-frequency input switch for each of the induction heating apparatuses and to control the first power source output switch and the second power source output switch so as to connect at least one of the induction heating apparatuses to at least one of the first power source and the second power source. Each of the induction heating apparatuses further includes a heater controller configured to send a switching request signal to the switching controller to turn on one of the first power source output switch and the second power source output switch, to turn off the other of the first power source output switch and the second power source output switch, and to switch on or off each of the high-frequency input switch and the low-frequency input switch.
Upon receipt of the switching request signal, the switching controller controls the first power source output switch and the second power source output switch and also the high-frequency input switch and the low-frequency input switch that are connected to the induction heating apparatus from which the switching request signal is sent. The switching controller sends a switching completion signal to the induction heating apparatus when the switching controller has completed the control in accordance with the switching request signal. Upon receipt of the switching completion signal, the induction heating apparatus controls an output of the first power source and an output of the second power source.
According to another aspects of the present invention, an induction heating method includes providing a plurality of induction heating apparatuses each having a heating coil, a first power source configured to adjust a ratio of a high frequency output time and a low frequency output time with respect to an output period and to output a high-frequency electric power and a low frequency electric power, a second power source configured to output an electric power of a frequency that is different from a frequency of the electric power output from the first power source, and a switching section, operating the switching section from one of the induction heating apparatuses to select one of a first mode, a second mode, a third mode, and a fourth mode, and induction heating a workpiece arranged on the one of the induction heating apparatuses. In the first mode, the one of the induction heating apparatuses receives one of the high-frequency electric power and the low frequency electric power from the first power source. In the second mode, the one of the induction heating apparatuses receives the electric power from the second power source. In the third mode, the one of the induction heating apparatuses receives electric power of different frequencies from the first power source by a time-division method. In the fourth mode, the one of the induction heating apparatuses receives one of the high-frequency electric power and the low frequency electric power from the first power source and the electric power from the second power source in a superimposed manner.
According to the above aspects of the present invention, the power source system is configured to output a plurality of frequencies. The power source system can output, to the induction heating apparatuses, the high frequency and the low frequency simultaneously or alternately. Therefore, the ratio of the high frequency component and the low frequency component of the electric power supplied form the power source system to the induction heating apparatuses can be set optionally. Accordingly, when the output frequencies from the power source system are f1, f2 and f3, the effect (hereinafter, the “frequency effect”) equivalent to a case in which an induction heating is performed with a frequency other than f1, f2 and f3 can be provided. Further, because the plurality of induction heating apparatuses are supplied with power from a single power source system, it is possible to downsize the system.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an output monitoring apparatus is adapted to be attached to one or more power supply apparatuses, each power supply apparatus including a converter configured to convert an alternate current into a direct current and an inverter configured to switch on and off, at an given frequency, the direct current input from the converter, the power supply apparatus being adapted to be connected to a single heating coil to supply power to the single heating coil. The output monitoring apparatus includes a measuring section configured to measure, at each sampling time, a current and a voltage of the direct current output from the converter to the inverter, and a processing unit configured to obtain an amount of electric power for each frequency from values of the current and the voltage measured at each sampling time by the measuring section, and to obtain an average electric power for each frequency based on the amount of electric power for each frequency.
The measuring section may include a current and voltage measuring unit configured to measure, at each sampling time, the current and the voltage of the direct current output from the converter to the inverter, and a frequency measuring unit configured to count the number of times of switching made by the inverter per unit time. The processing unit obtains the amount of electric power for each frequency from the values of the current and the voltage measured at each sampling time by the current and voltage measuring unit, and obtains the average electric power for each frequency based on the amount of electric power for each frequency
The inverter may supply an output electric power of a high frequency and an output electric power of a low frequency from one of the power supply apparatuses to the single heating coil by time-division multiplexing by adjusting a ratio of a high frequency output time and a low frequency output time with respect to an output period. The processing unit obtains the average electric power for each of the high frequency and the low frequency output from the one of the power supply apparatuses based on values measure by the measuring section.
The one or more power supply apparatuses may include a first power supply apparatus and a second power supply apparatus, wherein the inverter of the first power supply apparatus switches on and off, at a first frequency, the direct current input from the converter of the first power supply apparatus, the inverter of the second power supply apparatus switches on and off, at a second frequency, the direct current input from the converter of the second power supply apparatus, wherein the electric power from the first and second power supply apparatuses to the single heating coil by superimposing the first frequency and the second frequency. The measuring section includes a first measuring unit configured to measure, at each sampling time, a current and a voltage of the direct current output from the converter to the inverter in the first power supply apparatus, and a second measuring unit configured to measure, at each sampling time, a current and a voltage of the direct current output from the converter to the inverter in the second power supply apparatus. The processing unit obtains the amount of electric power for the first frequency from the current and the voltage measured at each sampling time by the first measuring unit, the amount of electric power for the second frequency from the current and the voltage measured at each sampling time by the second measuring unit, and the average electric power for each frequency based on the amount of electric power for each frequency.
The power supply apparatus may be attached to a plurality of induction heating apparatus, each having a single heating coil, via a switching section such that the power supply apparatus is connectable to any one of the induction heating apparatuses by controlling the switching section from the plurality of induction heating apparatuses. The processing unit is provided for each of the induction heating apparatuses, and obtains the values measured by the measuring section to determine the consistency between the average electric power of each frequency and a supply command sent to the power supply apparatus.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an induction heating system includes a power supply apparatus having a converter configured to convert an alternate current into a direct current and an inverter configured to switch on and off, at an given frequency, the direct current input from the converter, a plurality of induction heating apparatuses, a switching section connected between the power supply apparatus and the plurality of induction heating apparatuses to output an electric power supplied from the power supply apparatus selectively to one of the induction heating apparatuses, and an output monitoring apparatus having a measuring section configured to measure, at each sampling time, a current and a voltage of the direct current output from the converter to the inverter, and a processing unit configured to obtain an amount of electric power for each frequency from values of the current and the voltage measured at each sampling time by the measuring section, and to obtain an average electric power for each frequency based on the amount of electric power for each frequency.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an induction heating system includes a first power supply apparatus having a converter configured to convert an alternate current into a direct current and an inverter configured to switch on and off, at a first frequency, the direct current input from the converter, a second power supply apparatus having a converter configured to convert an alternate current into a direct current and an inverter configured to switch on and off, at a second frequency, the direct current input from the converter, a plurality of induction heating apparatuses, a switching section configured to selectively connect at least one of the first power supply apparatus and the second power supply apparatus to one of the induction heating apparatuses, and an output monitoring apparatus having a measuring section configured to measure, at each sampling time, a current and a voltage of the direct current output from the converter to the inverter of each of the first power supply apparatus and the second power supply apparatus, and a processing unit configured to obtain an amount of electric power for each of the first frequency and the second frequency from values of the current and the voltage measured at each sampling time by the measuring section, and to obtain an average electric power for each of the first frequency and the second frequency based on the amount of electric power for each of the first frequency and the second frequency.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an output monitoring method includes measuring, at each sampling time, a current and a voltage of one or more direct current that is being switched on and off at a plurality of frequencies to perform an induction heating, and obtaining an average electric power for each of the frequencies by adding up, at each sampling time, a product of the current and the voltage that are measured while switching on and off at each of the frequencies and by dividing the added products by an induction heating time, thereby monitoring an output electric power from the obtained average electric power for each of the frequencies.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an output monitoring method includes measuring, at each sampling time, a current and a voltage of a direct current that is being switched on and off at a first frequency and a second frequency in a time-divided manner to output electric power of different frequencies to perform an induction heating by time-division multiplexing, obtaining an average electric power for the first frequency by adding up, at each sampling time, a product of the current and the voltage that are measured while switching on and off at the first frequency and by dividing the added products by an induction heating time, obtaining an average electric power for the second frequency by adding up, at each sampling time, a product of the current and the voltage that are measured while switching on and off at the second frequency and by dividing the added products by an induction heating time, and monitoring an output electric power from the obtained average electric power for each of the first frequency and the second frequency.
The output monitoring method may further include monitoring an anomaly of a signal designating switching between the first frequency and the second frequency, based on whether a value of the average electric power of the first frequency and a value of the average electric power of the second frequency change in time series.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an output monitoring method includes measuring, at each sampling time, a currents and a voltage of a first direct current and a second direct current while the first direct current is being switched on and off at a first frequency and the second direct current is being switched on and off at a second frequency in an alternating manner to perform an induction heating, obtaining an average electric power for the first frequency by adding up, at each sampling time, a product of the current and the voltage that are measured while switching on and off at the first frequency and by dividing the added products by an induction heating time, obtaining an average electric power for the second frequency by adding up, at each sampling time, a product of the current and the voltage that are measured while switching on and off at the second frequency and by dividing the added products by an induction heating time, and monitoring an output electric power from the obtained average electric power for each of the first frequency and the second frequency.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an output monitoring method includes measuring, at each sampling time, a currents and a voltage of a first direct current and a second direct current while the first direct current is being switched on and off at a first frequency and the second direct current is being switched on and off at a second frequency and the first frequency and the second frequency are being superimposed to perform an induction heating, obtaining an average electric power for the first frequency by adding up, at each sampling time, a product of the current and the voltage that are measured while switching on and off at the first frequency and by dividing the added products by an induction heating time, obtaining an average electric power for the second frequency by adding up, at each sampling time, a product of the current and the voltage that are measured while switching on and off at the second frequency and by dividing the added products by an induction heating time, and monitoring an output electric power from the obtained average electric power for each of the first frequency and the second frequency.
According to the aspects of the present invention described above, the current and the voltage of the direct current before being switched on and off at the first frequency, the second frequency or other optional frequencies are measured at each sampling time, and the electric power is obtained for each frequency from the values of the measured current and voltage of the direct current in each sampling time. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the actually output electric power, which has not been realized in the past. Accordingly, even when an output is made by time-division multiplex method or superimposing method using one or more power supply apparatuses, the output condition can be monitored. Also, even when the frequency at which the direct current is switched on and off is designated optionally, the actually output electric power can be monitored. For example, even when one of the induction heating apparatuses and the power supply apparatus are connected to supply electric power by controlling the power supply apparatus from the induction heating apparatuses, and thereafter switching the induction heating apparatus to be connected to the power supply apparatus, it is possible to monitor whether the power supply apparatus is outputting the electric power in line with the supply conditions instructed by the induction heating apparatus.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an induction heating apparatus includes a heating coil, and a low-frequency current transformer and a high-frequency current transformer that are connected in the heating coil in parallel manner. The low-frequency current transformer includes a primary winding, a secondary winding, and a core coupling the primary winding and the secondary winding. The high-frequency current transformer includes a primary winding and a secondary winding. The low-frequency current transformer is arranged below the high-frequency current transformer. The induction heating apparatus may be configured such that the heating coil selected from a plurality of heating coils having different impedances is attachable, and such that the low-frequency current transformer selected from a plurality of low-frequency current transformers having different number of turns of primary and secondary windings that satisfies an impedance matching condition corresponding to the heating coil is attachable.
The induction heating apparatus may further include a mounting frame supporting the low-frequency current transformer and the high-frequency current transformer, and a replacing mechanism provided on the mounting frame to replace the low-frequency current transformer. The replacing mechanism includes a front-rear direction support extending in a front-rear direction of the mounting frame, and a carriage on which the low-frequency current transformer is mounted and moves on the front-rear direction support. When the carriage is moved forward, the low-frequency current transformer is arranged at a position at which the low-frequency current transformer is connected to the heating coil. When the carriage is moved backward, the low-frequency current transformer is arranged at a position at which the low-frequency current transformer does not overlap the high-frequency current transformer in a vertical direction.
The replacing mechanism may further include a base plate having a traveling surface for the carriage and supported on the front-rear direction support such that the base plate is displaceable in the front-rear direction, front displacement means connecting the base plate and the mounting frame to displace the base plate forward with respect to the mounting frame, an inclined member arranged at a front end side of the front-rear direction support such that a front end side of the base plate is placed thereon and having a front-high inclination, and a vertical displacement means arranged at a rear end side of the base plate to displace the rear end side of the base plate in a vertical direction with respect to the mounting frame. The vertical displacement means may displace the base plate forward to place the front end side of the base plate on the inclined member. The front displacement means and the vertical displacement means may be arranged on the rear end side of the base plate.
According to the aspects of the present invention described above, because the low-frequency current transformer and the high-frequency current transformer are arranged on top of one another, the arrangement space is reduced and downsizing is possible. Further, because the low-frequency current transformer has the core and therefore is heavier than the high-frequency current transformer, by arranging the low-frequency current transformer below the high-frequency current transformer, the gravity center of the apparatus is lowered, whereby the entire apparatus can be installed in a stable manner
Hereinafter, an induction heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Overall Configuration of Induction Heating System
Induction Heating Apparatus
In
Each of the high-frequency current transformers 11 and the low-frequency current transformers 12 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding. The turn ratio of each induction heating apparatus 10 depends on whether the induction heating apparatus is for a high frequency or a low frequency. Each of high-frequency current transformers 11 and the low-frequency current transformers 12 may have a core such as an iron core. Every high-frequency current transformer 11 may have an air core, not a core. Whether the high-frequency current transformers 11 have cores depends on the induction heating apparatuses 10. In other words, in at least one of the induction heating apparatuses 10 of the induction heating system 1, the high-frequency current transformer 11 has an air core, not a core, and the low-frequency current transformer 12 has a core.
In each of the high-frequency current transformers 11 and the low-frequency current transformers 12, the secondary winding is connected in parallel to the heating coil 13. Here, the shapes and dimensions of the heating coils 13 are selected according to workpieces to be subjected to induction heating in the individual induction heating apparatuses 10. Therefore, the impedances of the heating coils 13 depend on the heating coils 13.
Power Source System
The power source system 20 includes the first power source 21 and the second power source 26.
The first power source 21 changes the ratios of a high frequency output time and a low frequency output time with respect to an output period, and outputs electric power of different frequencies. The first power source 21 alternately outputs a high frequency such as 200 kHz and a low frequency such as 10 kHz in a short time. The first power source 21 adjusts the output ratio of the high frequency and the low frequency in a time (referred to as an output period) T, between 0% and 100%.
The second power source 26 outputs electric power of a frequency different from the output frequencies of the first power source 21. For example, the second power source 26 outputs electric power of a low frequency such as 3 kHz or 8.5 kHz. Therefore, only the second power source 26 may supply electric power to each induction heating apparatus 10, or the first power source 21 may output the high frequency and the second power source may output only the low frequency such that electric power is supplied to the heating coil of each induction heating apparatus 10 by the synthetic wave of the high frequency and the low frequency.
In the embodiment of the present invention, since the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 supply electric power at different frequencies to each induction heating apparatus 10, it is possible to heat workpieces to different depths from the outer surfaces of the workpieces and to different temperatures. A more detailed description will be made below.
Switching Section
The switching section 30 include a plurality of switches to switch connection of the power source system 20 of the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 with the individual induction heating apparatuses 10. The switching section 30 includes the first power source output switch 31 connected to the low frequency output terminal of the first power source 21, the second power source output switch 32 connected to the output terminal of the second power source 26, the high-frequency input switches 33 and the low-frequency input switches 34 of the individual induction heating apparatuses 10, and a switching controller 35 generally controls switching of the individual switches 31 to 34.
In each induction heating apparatus 10, the high-frequency input switch 33 is connected to the primary winding of the high-frequency current transformer 11, and the low-frequency input switch 34 is connected to the primary winding of the low-frequency current transformer 12. The switching controller 35 controls the output switch 31 for the first power source, the output switch 32 for the second power source, and the high-frequency input switches 33 and the low-frequency input switches 34 of the individual induction heating apparatuses 10.
Power Supply Method from Power Source System to Each Induction Heating Apparatus by Switching Section
As has been known, due to skin effect, at a low frequency, an eddy current flows up to an area deep from the outer surface of a workpiece, and at a high frequency, an eddy current flows only near the outer surface of a workpiece, that is, in a shallow area. On the basis of this effect, in various induction heating treatments such as quenching and tempering, it is possible to control the depths of hardened layers by frequency differences. In this specification, this effect will be referred to as frequency effect. When an induction heating treatment is actually performed, in order to obtain a hardened layer of an appropriate thickness, a power source for outputting an appropriate frequency is selected.
The induction heating system shown in
In the switching section 30, a high-frequency input switch 33 and a low-frequency input switch 34 connected to an optional one of the induction heating apparatuses 10 can be turned on so as to supply electric power from the power source system 20 to the induction heating apparatus 10. Therefore, it is possible to use the single power source system 20 to supply electric power according to a heating condition to each induction heating apparatus 10.
Since the embodiment of the present invention is fully equipped with the power source system 20 for outputting a plurality of frequencies as described above, it is possible to simultaneously or alternately output the high frequency and a low frequency from the power source system 20 to each induction heating apparatus 10. Therefore, it is possible to arbitrarily select the ratio of the low frequency component and the high frequency component of electric power to be supplied from the power source system 20 to each induction heating apparatus 10, and to obtain the frequency effect by induction heating.
Further, as shown in
Here, each induction heating apparatus 10 has a heater controller 14, and the heater controller 14 is connected to the switching controller 35. The switching controller 35 is connected to a power source controller 21x of the first power source 21, a power source controller 26x of the second power source 26, the output switch 31 for the first power source, the output switch 32 for the second power source, and the high-frequency input switches 33 and the low-frequency input switches 34 connected to the individual induction heating apparatuses 10. Therefore, all signals from the first power source 21, the second power source 26, and the heater controllers 14 of the individual induction heating apparatuses 10 are input to the switching controller 35. All command signals to the first power source 21, the second power source 26, the heater controllers 14 of the individual induction heating apparatuses 10, and the high-frequency input switches 33 and the low-frequency input switches 34 connected to the individual induction heating apparatuses 10 are output by the switching controller 35. For these reasons, the switching controller 35 may be called a system control unit.
Electric Circuit Configuration in Induction Heating System
Now, the circuit configuration between the power source system 20 and a heating coils 13 will be described in more detail, taking as an example a case where in the induction heating system 1 shown in
The first power source 21 includes a converter 21a configured to convert commercial power supplied from a commercial power source 2 into a direct current, and an inverter 21b configured to convert the direct current output from the converter 21a into a given frequency. Both of the converter 21a and the inverter 21b are controlled by an inverter control unit 21c serving as the power source controller 21x, and particularly, the inverter 21b converts the direct current into a designated frequency according to a control signal from the inverter control unit 21c. With respect to the inverter 21b, a highpass filter 21d and a lowpass filter 21e are connected in parallel. The high frequency output terminal is provided on the output side of the highpass filter 21d, and the low frequency output terminal is provided on the output side of the lowpass filter 21e.
In the high-frequency current transformer 11, a transformer is configured by a primary winding 11a and a secondary winding 11b. In the case shown in
In the low-frequency current transformer 12, a transformer is configured by a primary winding 12a and a secondary winding 12b. In the case shown in
As described above, each of the high-frequency current transformer 11 and the low-frequency current transformer 12 includes not only the transformer composed of the primary winding and the secondary winding but also a matching circuit for taking impedance matching between the heating coil 13 and the power source system 20. Also, since the high-frequency current transformer 11 and the low-frequency current transformer 12 are connected in parallel to the heating coil 13, they includes filter circuits, respectively, such that even if the low frequency flows into the secondary side of the high-frequency current transformer 11, the low frequency cannot be input to the secondary winding 11b, and even if the high frequency flows into the secondary side of the low-frequency current transformer 12, the high frequency cannot be input to the secondary winding 12b. Therefore, each current transformer may also be called a regulator circuit including a transformer, a matching circuit, and a filter circuit.
The circuit shown in
Arrangement of High-Frequency Current Transformer and Low-Frequency Current Transformer
In the system configuration shown in
In general, a core is composed of an iron core or the like. Therefore, the low-frequency current transformer 12 is heavier than the high-frequency current transformer 11. For this reason, in a case of arranging the high-frequency current transformer 11 and the low-frequency current transformer 12 one above the other, the low-frequency current transformer 12 with the core is disposed on the lower side, and on the low-frequency current transformer 12, the high-frequency current transformer 11 is disposed (see
Replacement of Low-Frequency Current Transformer—1
In the induction heating system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the heating coils 13 according to the shapes and dimensions of heat treatment areas of workpieces are designed and are disposed in the induction heating apparatuses 10, and according to the heating conditions of workpieces, whether to combine the frequencies, the magnitude of each frequency, and so on are selected. Further, in order to perform induction heating on workpieces of different kinds, the heating coils 13 designed according to the heating conditions for each workpiece are attached in the individual induction heating apparatuses 10, and according to the heating conditions set for the individual induction heating apparatuses 10 by the single power source system 20, electric power is supplied from the power source system 20 to the induction heating apparatuses 10. Therefore, the heating coils 13 are different for each induction heating apparatus 10.
In a case where the high-frequency current transformer 11 has the primary winding 11a and the secondary winding 11b but does not have a core such as an iron core as described above, it is difficult for a change in the impedance of the heating coil 13 connected to the output terminal side of the high-frequency current transformer 11 to be transmitted to the power source system 20. Therefore, in a case where the heating coil 13 has high impedance, a change in the impedance of the load side seen from the power source system 20 does not increase.
However, the low-frequency current transformer 12 includes the primary winding 12a and the secondary winding 12b, and includes the core 12d such as an iron core to improve coupling between the primary winding 12a and the secondary winding 12b. For this reason, if the heating coil 13 connected to the output terminal side of the low-frequency current transformer 12 is replaced, it is easy for a change in the impedance of the heating coil 13 to be transmitted to the power source system 20. Therefore, in a case where the heating coil 13 has high impedance, the impedance of the load side seen from the power source system 20 becomes high, and it becomes difficult to take impedance matching.
For this reason, in a case of replacing the heating coil 13, it may be necessary to replace the low-frequency current transformer 12 with one different in the turn ratio of the primary winding 12a and the secondary winding 12b. Regarding this point, it can be considered to provide a number of taps to the primary winding 12a in the low-frequency current transformer 12 as shown in
Replacement of Low-Frequency Current Transformer—2
In a case of alternately supplying the high frequency and the low frequency from the power source system 20 to the heating coil 13 by the time-division method, taking impedance matching is more difficult at the low frequency than at the high frequency.
In a case of switching on the output of the first power source 21 to alternately output the low frequency and the high frequency, if a low frequency output status transitions to a high frequency output status, the DC current Idc starts to increase. In contrast, if the high frequency output status transitions to the low frequency output status, the DC current Idc starts to decrease. With respect to the impedance of the load seen from the power source system 20, for example, in a case where the impedance of the high frequency is lower than the impedance of the low frequency as shown in
Arrangement and Configuration of Each Part of Induction Heating Apparatus
Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a mechanism for replacing the low-frequency current transformer (hereinafter, referred to as a replacing mechanism), for example, by retrofitting. As a premise to explain the replacing mechanism, the arrangement, configuration, and the like of the high-frequency current transformer 11, the low-frequency current transformer 12, the heating coil 13, and a power supply path (hereinafter, referred to as a “power transmission bus bar”, or simply as a “bus bar”) for electrically connecting them in the induction heating apparatus 10 will be described.
Overall Configuration of Induction Heating Apparatus
Heating Coil
The heating coil 13 is connected to the plate-like secondary-side bus bar 82 connected to the high-frequency current transformer 11 and the low-frequency current transformer 12 such that the heating coil 13 is supported by the secondary-side bus bar. In the induction heating apparatus 10, as the heating coil 13, one having a shape and dimensions corresponding to the heat treatment area of a workpiece is selected and mounted. In the induction heating apparatus 10, a quenching-liquid injection nozzle 84 for injecting quenching liquid after induction heating is provided.
Current Transformer
The high-frequency current transformer 11 includes the primary winding and the secondary winding as described above. In the primary winding and secondary winding of the high-frequency current transformer 11, liquid paths are provided, respectively, to allow cooling liquid from a cooling liquid system (not shown) to pass.
The low-frequency current transformer 12 includes the primary winding, the secondary winding, and the core as described above. The core links the primary winding and the secondary winding. In the present embodiment, a plurality of low-frequency current transformers 12 different in the number of turns of the primary winding and the secondary winding is prepared, and from them, one corresponding to the heating coil 13 and satisfying an impedance matching condition is selected and is disposed on the mounting frame 80. Even in the primary winding and secondary winding of the low-frequency current transformer 12, liquid paths are provided, respectively, to allow the cooling liquid from the cooling liquid system (not shown) to pass.
On the rear end surface of the low-frequency current transformer 12, a connector 86 is provided, and the primary-side bus bar 83 is connected to the connector 86 such that the primary-side bus bar is removable. On the front end portion of the low-frequency current transformer 12, a connector 87 is provided, and the secondary-side bus bar 82 is connected to the connector 87 such that the second bus bar is removable. The liquid paths of the primary winding and secondary winding of the low-frequency current transformer 12 are connected to the cooling liquid system through couplers, respectively, and are separable by the couplers. If the connection is released such that the liquid paths are separated from the couplers, the internal valves of the couplers close flow paths.
Mounting Frame
The mounting frame 80 is formed of a steel angle material in a hollow and solid shape. The mounting frame 80 includes an upper supporting section 88 for supporting the high-frequency current transformer 11 at the upper portion, and a lower supporting section 89 provided below the upper supporting section 88 for supporting the low-frequency current transformer 12. In front of the upper supporting section 88 and the lower supporting section 89, the heating coil 13 is disposed. The front surfaces of the upper supporting section 88 and the lower supporting section 89 are covered by cover members 91 for partitioning the upper supporting section and the lower supporting section off from a heating position. As long as the mounting frame 80 has this configuration, the shape of the mounting frame is not limited to the shape shown in
Replacing Mechanism
As described above, in a case where there is a simple replacing mechanism attached on the mounting frame 80, this replacing mechanism can be used. In a case where there is no replacing mechanism on the mounting frame 80, the following replacing mechanism is prepared.
As shown in
The front-rear direction support 92 may be a portion of the mounting frame 80, or may be a member like a plate fixed to the mounting frame 80. The front-rear direction support 92 is configured to stably support the base plate 93 with sufficient strength to support the low-frequency current transformer 12. The base plate 93 has strength capable of supporting the low-frequency current transformer 12, and has a traveling surface 93a for the carriage 94 on the top as shown in
As shown in
On the left and right sides of the rear end side of the base plate 93, front displacement means 95 are provided to connect the base plate 93 and the mounting frame 80 and make the base plate 93 displaceable back and forth with respect to the mounting frame 80. The front displacement means 95 include fixed blocks 95a that are fixed to the mounting frame at the left and right of the rear end side of the base plate 93, base protrusion portions 93b that are disposed to protrude left and right from the rear end of the base plate 93 and face the rear sides of the fixed blocks 95a, and pushing screw portions 95b that are fixed to the fixed blocks 95a through the base protrusion portions 93b. In the front displacement means 95, it is possible to rotate screwing members 95c of the pushing screw portions 95b to press the base protrusion portions 93b, thereby advancing the base plate 93.
At a position of the mounting frame 80 corresponding to the front end side of the base plate 93, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The carriage plate 94b is formed in a flat plate shape, and on the front end sides and rear end sides of the left and right of the carriage plate 94b, cam followers 94d are disposed to abut on the inner surface of the left and right base ribs 93c and roll thereon. While the plurality of rollers 98 rolls on the traveling surface 93a of the base plate 93, the cam followers 94d abut on the inner surfaces of the base ribs 93c and roll thereon. Therefore, the carriage 94 is movable back and forth along the base ribs 93c on the base plate 93.
It is preferable that it is possible to attach a jig 99 for locking the front end edge of the low-frequency current transformer 12 and a jig 99 for locking the rear end edge of the low-frequency current transformer 12 to the top surface of the carriage plate 94b, as shown in
At each of a plurality of positions of the carriage plate 94b, a plurality of fixing positions for the jigs 99 is provided. Therefore, it is possible to select fixing positions and fix the jigs 99, thereby capable of using the jigs for a plurality of low-frequency current transformers 12 different in length in the front-rear direction. The jigs 99 are fixed to the top surface of the carriage 94 by jig fixing screws 99b, respectively. The jig fixing screw 99b of each jig 99 can be eccentrically disposed on one side with respect to the center of the width direction of the corresponding jig 99, be reversed in the front-rear direction, and be fixed, whereby it is possible to change the guide surface 99a of each jig 99 between two positions. Therefore, it is possible to use the same jigs 99 to locate low-frequency current transformers 12 different in length in the front-rear direction, on the carriage 94.
The carriage 94 with the low-frequency current transformer 12 located thereon can advance, thereby disposing the low-frequency current transformer 12 at the connection position P1 with the heating coil 13, and can retreat, thereby disposing the low-frequency current transformer 12 at a replacement position P2.
As shown in
The cover member 91 provided on the front side of the lower supporting section 89 has a size to cover the front side of the lower supporting section 89, and is disposed such that the front end surface of the low-frequency current transformer 12 disposed at the connection position P1 can abut on and be attached firmly to the cover member. At the center of the cover member 91, a connection opening 91a is formed to allow the connector 87 of the low-frequency current transformer 12 to be disposed therein. Around the connection opening 91a, an endless packing 91b is disposed to surround the connection opening 91a. If the low-frequency current transformer 12 is disposed at the connection position P1, the periphery of the connector 87 of the low-frequency current transformer 12 is attached firmly to the packing 91b. Due to the packing 91b, when the quenching liquid is injected at the heating position, it is possible to surely prevent the quenching liquid from penetrating into the cover member. The crushing margin of the packing 91b can be adjusted by adjusting the contact position of the carriage stopper 80b.
Now, a case of replacing a low-frequency current transformer 12A, mounted on a mounting frame 80 having no replacing mechanism as shown in
In the mounting frame 80 having no replacing mechanism, as shown in
In this way, the low-frequency current transformer 12A is ready to be replaced. First, as shown in
Next, the base plate 93 is inserted between the low-frequency current transformer 12A and the front-rear direction support 92, and the carriage 94 is driven on the base plate 93 such that the carriage 94 is inserted between the low-frequency current transformer 12A and the base plate 93 until the carriage stopper 80b abuts on the mounting frame 80. In this state, between the low-frequency current transformer 12A and the carriage 94, a gap still exists.
Next, the front displacement means 95 are disposed on the left and right sides of the rear end side of the base plate 93, and are connected to the base plate 93 and the mounting frame 80. The screwing members 95c of the front displacement means 95 are rotated to displace the base plate 93 fourth, such that the forward small force causes an upward large force by wedge effect according to the inclination of the inclined member 96. In this way, the base plate 93 is displaced forward to run on the inclined member 96 attached to the front side of the mounting frame 80 in front, such that the base plate 93 slightly rises.
Next, the vertical displacement means 97 raises the rear end of the carriage plate 94b so as to level the carriage plate 94b, thereby supporting the low-frequency current transformer 12 by the carriage plate 94b with a gap from the mounting frame 80 (
Next, another low-frequency current transformer 12B is mounted on the carriage plate 94b, for example, by the crane (not shown), and the carriage 94 is advanced on the base plate 93. The front end of the carriage plate 94b is made to about on the carriage stopper 80b, such that the carriage 94 stops. In this way, it is possible to perform positioning in the front-rear direction such that the low-frequency current transformer 12 is disposed at the connection position P1.
Next, in order to fix the carriage 94, the carriage 94 is fixed to the base plate 93 by a fixing member 94e as shown in
Here, the connector 86 of the rear side of the low-frequency current transformer 12B and the connector 87 of the front side of the low-frequency current transformer 12B are disposed at positions slightly higher than those of the primary-side bus bar 83 and the secondary-side bus bar 82 before the replacement of the low-frequency current transformer 12A. Therefore, mounting holes for the primary-side bus bar 83 and the secondary-side bus bar 82 may be expanded for position adjustment, and the primary-side bus bar and the secondary-side bus bar are connected to the mounting holes.
As described above, with the base plate 93, the inclined member 96, and the front displacement means 95 assembled together, it is possible to retrofit the replacing mechanism 90 to the mounting frame 80 by the base plate 93, the inclined member 96, the front displacement means 95, and the carriage 94.
After the retrofitting, in a case of replacing the low-frequency current transformer 12, the fixing member 94e is removed from the base plate 93, the carriage 94 on the base plate 93 is retreated, and the low-frequency current transformer is taken out.
Therefore, in a case of using a induction heating apparatus 10 to perform a quenching process on a workpiece, a heating coil 13 corresponding to the workpiece and an area to be quenched is selected, and a low-frequency current transformer 12 satisfying an impedance matching condition corresponding to the selected heating coil 13 is selected. Even if a high-frequency current transformer 11 is disposed on the upper supporting section 88 of the mounting frame 80 in advance, it is possible to dispose the selected low-frequency current transformer 12 at the lower supporting section 89.
Since the low-frequency current transformer 12 and the high-frequency current transformer 11 are disposed to vertically overlap each other as shown in
In the induction heating apparatus 10, the low-frequency current transformer 12 and the high-frequency current transformer 11 are connected in parallel to the heating coil 13, and the low-frequency current transformer 12 and the high-frequency current transformer 11 are connected to the power source system 20 through switches, respectively. Therefore, if the switches are appropriately switched, it is possible to implement various heating effects, and implement appropriate heating according to the heat treatment area of a workpiece.
Particularly, it is possible to select any one from the plurality of heating coils 13 having different impedances, and mount it on the secondary-side bus bar 82, and it is possible to select one low-frequency current transformer satisfying an impedance matching condition corresponding to a heating coil 13 from the plurality of low-frequency current transformers 12 different in the turn ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding. Replacement of the low-frequency current transformer 12 makes it possible to satisfy an impedance matching condition corresponding to a heating coil 13 and efficiently implement various heating effects according to workpieces.
Here, the replacing mechanism 90 is not limited to each induction heating apparatus 10 of the induction heating system 1 shown in
In the induction heating system 1 shown in
High-Frequency Power Supply Path and Low-Frequency Power Supply Path
A high-frequency power supply path and a low-frequency power supply path are disposed in a duct of a case accommodating matching boxes, switches, current transformers, and the like.
As described above, since electric power is supplied to the plurality of induction heating apparatuses 10 by the single power source system 20, the distances from the power source system 20 to the individual induction heating apparatuses 10 lengthen. Therefore, the impedances of the pairs of bus bars increase. Then, in a circuit configured by connecting the power source system 20, the current transformers 11 and 12, and the heating coils 13, it becomes possible to ignore the influence of the impedances of the bus bars, and a resonant frequency drops. Particularly, if electric power of a high frequency of about 200 kHz is supplied, reactance increases, and voltage drops in the power supply paths increase.
For this reason, in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to make the impedances of the power transmission bus bars as small as possible, the widths of the bus bars are set to be large, and the gap between the bus bars 52a and 52b and the gap between the bus bars 53a and 53b are set to be as small as possible.
As shown in
If the gap LH between the power transmission bus bars 52a and 52b and the gap LL between the power transmission bus bars 53a and 53b are set to be large, the gap between the bus bar 52b for high-frequency power transmission and the bus bar 53a for low-frequency power transmission narrows. Further, since a high voltage of several thousands volts is applied to all of the power transmission bus bars 52a, 52b, 53a, and 53b, there is a possibility that insulation breakdown will occur. For this reason, the pair of the bus bars 52a and 52b for high-frequency power transmission and the pair of the bus bars 53a and 53b for low-frequency power transmission are provided such that the hooks 52d and 53c of the bus bars 52b and 53a facing each other deviate from each other.
Further, all of the power transmission bus bars 52a, 52b, 53a, and 53b are fixed to the horizontal frames 51b with insulators 54 interposed therebetween. The horizontal frames 51b have elongated holes 55 formed along the horizontal frames 51b, respectively, and the elongated holes 55 make it possible to adjust the horizontal frames 51b, the insulators 54, and the gaps among the power transmission bus bars 52a, 52b, 53a, and 53b.
Switch
In the induction heating system shown in
In a switch 60, an upstream bus bar mounting portion 61a and a downstream bus bar mounting portion 61b of one phase of two phases, for example, an U phase and a V phase are provided to face each other and stand on a base plate 63, and an upstream bus bar mounting portion 62a and a downstream bus bar mounting portion 62b of the other phase are provided to face each other and stand on a base plate 63. The upstream bus bar mounting portions 61a and 62a and the downstream bus bar mounting portions 61b and 62b have cooling flow paths (not shown) formed therein and connected to a cooling water inlet 64a and a cooling water outlet 64b provided at the lower surface of the base plate 63.
In order to prevent insulation breakdown between the upstream and down bus bar mounting portions 61a and 61b and between the upstream and downstream bus bar mounting portions 62a and 62b, in the base plate 63, between the upstream and down bus bar mounting portions 61a and 61b and between the upstream and downstream bus bar mounting portions 62a and 62b, elongated holes 63a and 63b are formed, respectively, such that creepage distances are set to be long. Further, in order to prevent insulation breakdown between the downstream bus bar mounting portion 61b of the one phase and the upstream bus bar mounting portion 62a of the other phase, in the base plate 63, between the upstream bus bar mounting portion 62a and the downstream bus bar mounting portion 61b, a elongated hole 63c is formed to set a creepage distance to be long.
As described above, at each phase, the upstream bus bar mounting portion 61a or 62a and the downstream bus bar mounting portion 61b or 62b are provided to stand on the base plate 63 with the gap. Each of connection blocks 65 abuts on the end surfaces of two of the bus bar mounting portions 61a, 61b, 62a, and 62b such that both bus bar mounting portions are electrically connected, whereby switching is performed. To this end, one connection block 65 is provided for each phase. As shown in
Also, on the base plate 63, cooling pipes 69 for introducing the cooling water to the connection blocks 65 and discharging the cooling water from the connection blocks 65, a solenoid valve 70 for controlling injection and discharge of air with respect to the air cylinder 67, and a limit switch 71 for confirming the advance end and retreat end of the air cylinder 67 are provided.
On the lower surface of the base plate 63, a plurality of insulators 72 is attached such that the switch 60 is electrically insulated. The connection blocks 65, the upstream bus bar mounting portions 61a and 62a, and the downstream bus bar mounting portions 61b and 62b are water-cooled by the cooling water. To this end, various detecting sensors are attached to detect whether the flow of the cooling water has exceed a defined value, or to detect an anomaly in the air cylinder or the pipe necessary for the air cylinder. If an anomaly of air pressure or an anomaly of the flow of the cooling water is detected by a detecting sensor, the switch 60 sends an air pressure anomaly signal or a cooling water flow anomaly signal to the switching controller 35. Then, the switching controller 35 commands each induction heating apparatus and the power source system not to perform a system operation.
Method of Sequentially Heating Multiple Workpieces by Induction Heating System
While describing a method of sequentially heating workpieces by each induction heating apparatus 10 in the induction heating system 1 shown in
In ST1-1, the first induction heating apparatus 10A sends an OFF-to-ON switching request signal to the switching controller 35.
In ST1-2, upon receipt of the OFF-to-ON switching request signal, the switching controller 35 sends an OFF-to-ON switching request signal to the output switch 31 for the first power source.
In ST1-3, upon receipt of the OFF-to-ON switching request signal, the output switch 31 for the first power source performs an OFF-to-ON switching control.
In ST1-4, when the OFF-to-ON switching control is completed, the output switch 31 for the first power source sends a switching completion signal to the switching controller 35.
In ST1-5, upon receipt of the OFF-to-ON switching request signal, the switching controller 35 sends an OFF-to-ON switching request signal to the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A.
In ST1-6, upon receipt of the OFF-to-ON switching request signal, the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A perform OFF-to-ON switching controls.
In ST1-7, the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A send switching completion signals to the switching controller 35.
In ST1-8, upon receipt of the OFF-to-ON switching completion signals from the output switch 31 for the first power source, and the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A, the switching controller 35 sends a switching completion signal to the first induction heating apparatus 10A.
In ST1-9, upon receipt of the switching completion signal in ST1-8, the first induction heating apparatus 10A sends an output start signal to the first power source 21.
Upon receipt of the output start signal in ST1-9, the first power source 21 supplies electric power to the first induction heating apparatus on the basis of output control information received together with the output start signal. Here, the output control information is output control information notified to the first power source 21, and examples of the items of the output control information include identification information on whether to all of the high frequency and the low frequency are output or only the high frequency is output, the output ratio of the high frequency and the low frequency, each output intensity, a frequency value in a case where frequency setting is possible, a total output time, etc.
In ST1-10, when the first power source 21 terminates the power supply based on the output control information, the first power source 21 sends a power supply termination signal to the first induction heating apparatus 10A.
In ST1-11, upon receipt of the power supply termination signal, the first induction heating apparatus 10A sends an ON-to-OFF switching request signal to the switching controller 35.
In ST1-12, Upon receipt of the ON-to-OFF switching request signal, the switching controller 35 sends an ON-to-OFF switching request signal to the output switch 31 for the first power source. Also, when the switching controller 35 receives the ON-to-OFF switching request signal, if there is a switching request signal having been input from another induction heating apparatus, for example, a second induction heating apparatus 10B, according to the request of the second induction heating apparatus 10B, the switching controller 35 switches one or more switches of the output switch 31 for the first power source, the output switch 32 for the second power source, and the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 of the second induction heating apparatus 10B. If there is no switching request signal having been received from another induction heating apparatus, the switching controller 35 maintains the switches at the current states.
In ST1-13, upon receipt of the first power source receives the ON-to-OFF switching request signal, the output switch 31 performs an ON-to-OFF switching control.
In ST1-14, when the ON-to-OFF switching control is completed, the output switch 31 for the first power source sends a switch completion signal to the switching controller 35.
In ST1-15, upon receipt of the ON-to-OFF switching request signal, the switching controller 35 sends an ON-to-OFF switching request signal to the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A.
In ST1-16, upon receipt of the ON-to-OFF switching request signal, the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A perform ON-to-OFF switching controls.
In ST1-17, when the switching is completed, the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A send a switching completion signals to the switching controller 35.
Here, ST1-2 and ST1-5 may be performed at the same time, or one after the other. ST1-12 and ST1-15 may be performed at the same time, or one after the other.
In the sequence shown in
This sequence can be used for the single power source system 20 to handle switching requests from the plurality of induction heating apparatuses 10, without batting.
In the sequence described with reference to
The sequence shown in
If the switching controller 35 receives the switching completion signals of the switching from the OFF state to the ON state, from the output switch 31 for the first power source, and the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the first induction heating apparatus 10A, the switching controller 35 sends the output start signal directly to the first power source 21, instead of STEPS ST1-8 and ST1-9 of
If the first power source 21 terminates the power supply based on the output control information, instead of STEPS ST1-10 and ST1-11 of
In
If the first induction heating apparatus 10A receives the switching completion signal in ST1-8, in ST2-9 replacing ST1-9, the first induction heating apparatus 10A sends output start signals to the first power source 21 and the second power source 26, respectively.
Upon receipt of the output start signals by ST2-9, the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 supply electric power to the first induction heating apparatus 10A on the basis of the output control information received together with the output start signals. Here, the output control information may include identification information representing that only the high frequency is output, an output intensity, a total output time, etc., as items which are notified to the first power source 21. Also, the output control information may include an output intensity, a frequency value in a case where frequency selecting is possible, a total output time, etc., as items which are notified to the second power source 26.
If the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 terminate the power supply on the basis of the output control information, in ST2-10 replacing ST1-10, the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 send power supply termination signals to the first induction heating apparatus 10A.
If the first induction heating apparatus 10A receives the power supply termination signals from the first power source 21 and the second power source 26, in ST1-11, the first induction heating apparatus 10A sends the ON-to-OFF switching request signal to the switching controller 35.
The sequence shown in
If the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 terminate the power supply based on the output control information, instead of STEPS ST2-10 and ST1-11 of
In
This sequence shown in
Like the sequence controls shown in
That is, the heater controller 14 requests the switching controller 35 a command to switch on one of the output switch 31 for the first power source and the output switch 32 for the second power source and to switch off the other, and a command to switch on or off each of the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34.
If the switching controller 35 receives a command request from an induction heating apparatus 10, according to the command request, the switching controller 35 controls switching of the output switch 31 for the first power source, the output switch 32 for the second power source, and the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the induction heating apparatus 10 having output the command request. If the switching control is completed, the switching controller 35 outputs a switching completion signal to the corresponding induction heating apparatus 10. Then, upon receipt of the switching completion signal from the switching controller 35, the corresponding induction heating apparatus 10 controls the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 by the heater controller 14.
This merely shows one sequence control process, and may be changed as follows. In other words, if the switching controller 35 receives a command request from an induction heating apparatus 10, according to the command request, the switching controller 35 controls switching of the output switch 31 for the first power source, the output switch 32 for the second power source, and the high-frequency input switch 33 and the low-frequency input switch 34 connected to the induction heating apparatus 10 having output the command request. Then, if the switching control is completed, the switching controller 35 controls the output of at least one of the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 in accordance with the output control information received together with the command request from the corresponding induction heating apparatus 10.
In this way, according to the induction heating system 1 shown in
In a first mode, the induction heating apparatus receives supply of electric power of one frequency, that is, the high frequency from the first power source 21.
In a second mode, the induction heating apparatus receives supply of electric power from the second power source 26.
In a third mode, the induction heating apparatus receives supply of electric power of different frequencies from the first power source 21 by the time-division method.
In a fourth switching mode, the induction heating apparatus receives supply of electric power having one frequency from the first power source 21 and electric power from the second power source 26 in a superimposed manner.
Therefore, according to the induction heating system 1 shown in
Although the method of sequentially heating a plurality of workpieces by the induction heating system 1 has been described, the induction heating system 1 shown in
Also, the induction heating system 1 is very versatile, and can be used according to heat treatments on workpieces. For example, the induction heating system 1 can be used to perform quenching by an induction heating apparatus 10 and perform tempering by another induction heating apparatus 10.
Supply from One Power Source System to Multiple Induction Heating Apparatuses
In
In
In
In
Each induction heating apparatus 10 repeats a switching process, a heating process, a cooling process, and an attaching/detaching process in this order. A switching time, a heating time, a cooling time, and an attaching/detaching time are denoted by Ta, Tb, Tc, and Td, respectively. In a case of using n-number of induction heating apparatuses 10, the heating time and the cooling time are denoted by Tbn and Tcn, respectively. Also, the switching time Ta and the attaching/detaching time Td are set to values independent from the number of induction heating apparatuses. The cycle time τ and the individual times Ta, Tb, Tc, and Td have the following relation:
τ=Ta+Tb+Tc+Td
In the induction heating system 1, in a case of using two induction heating apparatuses 10, as shown in (a) of
Here, in a case of operating three induction heating apparatus 10 in the same cycle time τ in the induction heating system 1, since it is difficult to reduce the switching time Ta and the attaching/detaching time Td, as shown in (b) of
Further, in a case of operating n-number of induction heating apparatuses in the same cycle time τ in the induction heating system 1 (here, n is an integer of 2 or greater), as shown in (c) of
As described above, in a case of using one power source system to operate a plurality of induction heating apparatuses 10 in the cycle time τ, a period during the power source system 20 can be connected to each induction heating apparatus 10 to supply electric power to the corresponding induction heating apparatus 10, that is, a heating time is obtained, and duty ratio, frequency selection, and electric power of each frequency, and the like are set so as to fulfill certain conditions in accordance with the heating time obtained for each induction heating apparatus 10.
Setting of Control from Induction Heating Apparatus
A method of setting heating conditions from each induction heating apparatus 10 to the system control unit including the switching controller 35 in the induction heating system 1 shown in
In the table shown in
As shown in
In a case of using the time-division method, information on a set table destination to be referred to in a case of performing table heating is set, and when step heating is performed, an output intensity VR, and the duty ratio DT of the low frequency are set as shown in
In a case of using the superimposing method, information on a set table destination to be referred to in a case of performing table heating is set, and when step heating is performed, an output intensity VR and a frequency are set. Here, setting a frequency means setting a frequency to be output on the premise on a case where it is possible to set a frequency to be output by the second power source 26.
Here, the step heating means a method in which a heat signal and heating conditions having the output intensity VR and the duty ratio DT of the low frequency as items are sent from each induction heating apparatus to the power source system 20 through the switching controller 35 for each step, and if each of the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 receives the heat signal and the heating conditions, the corresponding power source performs output control to heat a workpiece.
On the other hand, the table heating means a method in which tables as shown in
If the step heating is used, in each step, a signal is sent from each induction heating apparatus to each power source to control start and termination of heating. Therefore, due to transmission and reception of the signal, an error occurs in the heating time. In contrast, if the table heating is used, a heating start signal and a heating termination signal are not sent or received with respect to each induction heating apparatus for each heating operation. Therefore, it is possible to accurately control the heating time. In the table heating, even in a case of changing the heating condition in time series within one table, it is possible to accurately control the heating time under each heating condition. In other words, if the table heating is used, since the heating condition is sent to each power source in advance, it is possible to increase the accuracy of the heating time, and even if the heating condition changes, it is possible to accurately perform output in the heating time of each heating condition.
In each step of
In
In this way, a heating condition is set from each induction heating apparatus 10 to the system control unit including the switching controller 35.
Setting for Output Monitoring
How to monitor output in a case of setting conditions like those in each table shown in
In
However, the power source controllers 21x and 26x of the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 perform control such that the DC voltage becomes constant, or such that the DC current becomes constant. To this end, the output situation of each power source is monitored as a control object. In other words, each of the power source controllers 21x and 26x monitors the DC voltage Vdc for control to make the DC voltage constant, and monitors the DC current Idc for control to make the DC current constant.
Therefore, in the time-division method, the frequencies and any one of the DC voltage Vdc and the DC current Idc which are control objects are continuously monitored, and the value of electric power during heating termination is monitored. Meanwhile, in the superimposing method, the frequencies and any one of the DC voltage Vdc and the DC current Idc which are control objects are continuously monitored, and the value of electric power during heating termination is monitored. Also, in a case where the item ‘MONITORING AT THE END ONLY’ is ‘YES’ in
Now, a monitoring method will be described.
In a case of using the table heating, there is a monitoring method as follows.
As a first process, on a monitoring screen as shown in
As a second process, a step of condition setting of which table heating will be monitored, and a row for monitoring of 15 rows of a table to be monitored are set.
As a third process, an inverter table operation measurement data device is always read, whereby a corresponding table row is monitored. Here, the inverter table operation measurement data device is a measuring unit to be described below. With respect to electric power, as will be described below, average electric power is monitored by reading a value during heating termination.
Also, even in a case of using the step heating, that is, even if the output intensity VR, the duty ratio DT of the low frequency, and the frequency of a step are input, each value is set on the monitoring screen, a step of condition setting of which step heating will be monitored is set, and the inverter table operation measurement data device is constantly read, thereby monitoring the DC voltage Vdc, the DC current Idc, electric power during heating termination, the frequency of the step set as a monitored object.
Equipment for Monitoring Electric Power
How to monitor electric power will be described in detail with reference to the circuits shown in
There are various methods of monitoring electric power during operation of the induction heating system 1. Hereinafter, a case of supplying electric power according to a DT signal by the time-division method will be described.
The low-frequency electric power P1 (kW) is as follows:
P1=vdc (V)×idc (A)×DT(%)×10−2×10−3
The high-frequency electric power P2 (kW) is as follows:
P2=vdc (V)λidc (A)×(100−DT (%))×10−2×10−3
In the first output monitoring method, the instantaneous value vdc is relatively stable, and thus the DC current Idc changes at the duty ratio DT of the low frequency as time goes on. The reason is that in the time-division method, output is performed according to the control method of each power source, for example, such that the DC voltage becomes constant, and thus the current changes according to a change in load impedance. For this reason, accurate monitoring is impossible.
In the present invention, in a second monitoring method, for each predetermined interval Δt (for example, 0.5 ms), the instantaneous values vdc and idc are detected by the current sensor 101 and the voltage sensor 102. Next, the product of the instantaneous values vdc and idc, that is, the products of the instantaneous values of the DC voltages and the DC currents at each sampling time are obtained, and are integrated for each of the low frequency and the high frequency for each step heating period, whereby electric power during step termination is obtained.
As shown in (a) of
q (J)=vdc (V)×idc (A)×[SAMPLING TIME (s)]A
Next, the sum QL (J) of the products of low-frequency electric power and time, and the sum QH (J) of the products of high-frequency electric power and time are obtained by the following equations, respectively.
QL (J)=Σq (J) (Here, the integration is performed for a period when the DT signal is at a high level (a low frequency output period))
QH (J)=Σq (J) (Here, the integration is performed for a period when the DT signal is at a low level (a high frequency output period))
Then, average low-frequency electric power P1 (kJ/s) and average high-frequency electric power P2 are obtained by the following equations. Here, HT (s) represents a total heating time.
P1 (kJ/s=kW)=QL (J)/HT (s)×10−3
P2 (kJ/s=kW)=QH (J)/HT (s)×10−3
In the induction heating system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, an output monitoring apparatus 110 is connected to the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 of a power supply apparatus 120 serving the power source system shown in
The measuring section 103 measures the DC current Idc and the DC voltage Vdc which are output from the converter 21a to the inverter 21b or from the converter 26a to the inverter 26b shown in
The processing unit 104 obtains an amount of electric power for each frequency from the values of the currents and the voltages measured at the individual sampling times by the measuring section 103, and obtains average electric power of each frequency on the basis of the amount of electric power of the corresponding frequency.
The power supply apparatus 120 is configured to be attached to the plurality of induction heating apparatuses 10 through the switching section 30, and be connectable to one of the induction heating apparatuses 10 by control of the plurality of induction heating apparatuses 10 on the switching section 30. In a case where the power supply apparatus 120 is configured like that, the processing unit 104 is provided to each of the plurality of induction heating apparatuses 10. Therefore, it is possible to acquire measurement data of the measuring section 103 with respect to the power supply apparatus 120, and each processing unit 104 determines the consistency of the average electric power of each frequency and a supply command having been issued to the power supply apparatus 120.
As shown in
Therefore, the processing unit 104 obtains an amount of electric power of each frequency obtained by the frequency measuring unit 103b, from the values of the current and the voltage measured at each sampling time by the current and voltage measuring unit 103a, and obtains the average electric power of the corresponding frequency on the basis of the amount of electric power of the corresponding frequency.
Output Monitoring Method
A method of monitoring output using the output monitoring apparatus 110 shown in
As shown in
Next, when the inverter 21b switches on and off the direct current at the first frequency, the processing unit 104 receives the currents and the voltages measured at the individual sampling times by the current and voltage measuring unit 103a. The processing unit 104 adds the products of the input values, that is, the currents and the voltages of the individual sampling times, and divides the sum by the induction heating time which is the output time, thereby obtaining average output power of the first frequency. Also, when the inverter 21b switches on and off the direct current at the second frequency, the processing unit 104 receives the currents and the voltages measured at each of sampling times by the current and voltage measuring unit 103a. The processing unit 104 multiplies the input values, that is, the current and the voltage of each sampling time, adds the values of the individual sampling times obtained by the multiplication, and divides the sum by the induction heating time which is the output time, thereby obtaining average output power of the second frequency.
Next, the processing unit 104 may display the supplied electric power on a display unit (not shown) on the basis of the value of the average output power of the first frequency and the value of the average output power of the second frequency, thereby making a superintendent monitor the supplied electric power. It is monitored whether the average output power of each of the first frequency and the second frequency is between the upper limit and the lower limit set by the processing unit 104, and in a case where the average output power of each of the first frequency and the second frequency is out of the range between the upper limit and the lower limit, a stop signal is output to stop the output. Like this, in a case where a threshold value or an allowable range is set for each frequency, if the average output power of the corresponding frequency exceeds the threshold value or is out of the allowable range, it is possible to stop the output and remove any workpiece having not been subjected to appropriate induction heating.
As described above, the output monitoring apparatus 110 obtains average electric power of each frequency by sampling the DC voltage Vdc and the DC current Idc at predetermined intervals over the entire heating time. Therefore, it is possible to monitor changes such as rising of the output. In other words, it is possible to reduce the heating time, and to monitor even the transition state of rising of the output.
In the output monitoring method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the integral low-frequency power consumption is divided by the total heating time, whereby the average electric power of the low frequency is obtained, and the integral high-frequency power consumption is divided by the total heating time, whereby the average electric power of the high frequency is obtained.
Therefore, the processing unit 104 can monitor an anomaly of the DT signal designating switching between the first frequency and the second frequency, on the basis of changes in the magnitudes of the average electric power of the first frequency and the average electric power of the second frequency.
If an anomaly occurs in the DT signal to cause changes in the output times of the first frequency and the output times of the second frequency, integral electric power consumption of the output period of the first frequency and integral electric power consumption of the output period of the second frequency also change. As a result, the average electric power of each frequency obtained by dividing the integral electric power consumption of the corresponding frequency by the total output time also changes. Therefore, if it is monitored whether the values of the average electric power of the first frequency and the value of the average electric power of the second frequency change in time series, it is possible to monitor an anomaly of the so-called DT signal designating switching between the first frequency and the second frequency. Like this, if the average electric power of each frequency is monitored, it is possible to monitor even the DT signal.
Now, output monitoring in the case of using the superimposing method will be described. In the system shown in
Modification of Output Monitoring Method
The above-mentioned output monitoring method is for the case where electric power is supplied by the time-division method. However, this method can also be applied to a case where a low frequency and a high frequency are alternately output in a short time by the superimposing method. This will be described below in detail.
The circuit configuration using the superimposing method shown in
First, each measuring section 103 shown in
Next, when the inverter 21b switches on or off the direct current at the first frequency, the processing unit 104 receives the currents and the voltages sampled by the current and voltage measuring unit 103a. The processing unit 104 integrates the products of the input values, that is, the current and voltage values of the individual sampling times, and divides the integrated value by the output time, thereby obtaining the average output power of the first frequency. Also, when the inverter 26b switches on and off the direct current at the second frequency, the processing unit 104 receives the currents and the voltages sampled by the current and voltage measuring unit 103a. The processing unit 104 integrates the products of the input values, that is, the current and voltage values of the individual sampling times, and divides the integrated value by the output time, thereby obtaining the average output power of the second frequency.
Next, the processing unit 104 may display the supplied electric power on a display unit (not shown) on the basis of the magnitudes of the average output power of the first frequency and the average output power of the second frequency, thereby making a superintendent monitor the supplied electric power.
As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the measuring sections 103 measure the DC voltages and the DC currents which are output from the converters 21a and 26a to the inverters 21b and 26b in the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 forming the power source system 20, at each sampling time. Therefore, it is possible to monitor electric power which is output from the first power source 21 and the second power source 26, and the like.
Monitoring of Power Supply to One Induction Heating Apparatus
Until now, the case where one of the induction heating apparatuses 10 is connected to the power source system 20 through the switching section 30 and electric power is supplied from the power source system 20 to the corresponding induction heating apparatus 10 has been mainly described. However, even in a case where there is only one induction heating apparatus 10 and electric power is supplied to the induction heating apparatus 10, output monitoring can be similarly performed.
That is, assuming that the induction heating system 1 of
This induction heating system 1 is equipped with output monitoring apparatuses 110 each of which includes the measuring section 103 and the processing unit 104 shown in FIG. 20. The measuring sections 103 measure the DC voltages and the DC currents which are output from the converters 21a and 26a to the inverters 21b and 26b, at each sampling time. Each measuring section 103 includes the current and voltage measuring unit 103a and the frequency measuring unit 103b as described with reference to
When this induction heating system 1 is used to switching on or off at least on direct current at at least one frequency, thereby performing induction heating, the currents and the voltages where are output from the converters 21a and 26a to the inverters 21b and 26b in the first power source 21 and the second power source 26 are measured at each sampling time, and the products of the currents and the voltages measured at the sampling times are integrated with respect to each frequency, whereby the average electric power of each frequency is obtained. As a result, it is possible to monitor the output situation of the power supply apparatus 120 on the basis of the average electric power of each frequency.
In a case where the power supply apparatus 120 supplies electric power by the time-division method, output monitoring is performed as follows. As the power supply apparatus 120, the first power source 21 is provided as shown in
That is, when one direct current is switched on or off differently at the high frequency (the first frequency) and at the low frequency (the second frequency) by the DT signal, and the high frequency and the low frequency are output by time-division multiplexing for performing induction heating, the current and voltage of the one direct current is measured at each sampling time. The products of the currents and the voltages of the individual sampling times measured during the switching at the first frequency are integrated, whereby the average electric power of the first frequency is obtained. Similarly, the products of the currents and the voltages of the individual sampling times measured during the switching at the second frequency are integrated, whereby the average electric power of the second frequency is obtained. On the basis of the average electric power of the first frequency and the average electric power of the second frequency, it is possible to monitoring output power.
In a case where the power supply apparatus 120 supplies electric power by the superimposing method, output monitoring is performed as follows. As shown in
In this case, as shown in
Accordingly, the processing unit 104 obtains the amount of electric power of the first frequency from the values of the currents and the voltages of the individual sampling times measured by the first measuring unit 103c, obtains the amount of electric power of the second frequency from the values of the current and the voltage of the individual sampling times measured by the second measuring unit 103d, and obtains the average electric power of the first frequency and the average electric power of the second frequency on the basis of the amount of electric power of the first frequency and the amount of electric power of the second frequency.
In other words, in a case where the first power source 21 converts a first direct current by switching on and off the first direct current at the first frequency and outputs the converted signal while the second power source 26 converts a second direct current by switching on and off the second direct current at the second frequency, and the first frequency and the second frequency are superimposed to perform induction heating, the first measuring unit 103c measures the current and voltage of the first direct current at each sampling time, and the second measuring unit 103d measures the current and voltage of the second direct current at each sampling time. Then, the processing unit 104 integrates the products of the currents and voltages of the individual sampling times relative to the first direct current and measured during the switching at the first frequency, and divides the integrated value by the induction heating time, thereby obtaining the average electric power of the first frequency. Similarly, the processing unit 104 integrates the products of the currents and voltages of the individual sampling times relative to the second direct current and measured during the switching at the second frequency, and divides the integrated value by the induction heating time, thereby obtaining the average electric power of the second frequency. On the basis of the average electric power of the first frequency and the average electric power of the second frequency, the processing unit 104 monitors the output power.
The case where the induction heating system 1 includes a plurality of induction heating apparatuses as shown in
As described above, in the induction heating system 1, the supplied electric power is monitored by the output monitoring apparatus 110. Therefore, it is possible to monitor an anomaly of a load, an anomaly of a bus bar, and the like.
Other Monitoring
Since the induction heating system 1 shown in
For example, in the output monitoring apparatus 110, the current and voltage measuring unit 103a can measure the DC voltage Vdc input to the inverter 21b or 26b at each sampling time, thereby always monitoring the DC voltage Vdc. In this case, it is possible to obtain the average value of a plurality of data items every sampling time, for example, 4 ms to 6 ms in disregard of several milliseconds immediately after switching to a frequency, and integrate the average values of the individual sampling times until termination of the corresponding frequency, and dividing the integrated value by the number of sampling times, thereby monitoring the average DC voltage.
For example, in the output monitoring apparatus 110, the frequency measuring unit 103b can monitor the number of times of switching per unit time by the inverter 21b or 26b, thereby measuring the frequency. Therefore, while electric power of each frequency is being output, it is possible to monitor the output frequency.
For example, even in heating for a very short time, it is possible to measure the DC voltage Vdc and the frequency, thereby monitoring them.
Like this, even when electric power is being supplied, it is possible to always monitor the DC voltage and the frequency as control objects, and it is possible to provide a guidance representing whether induction heating is being appropriately performed.
While the present invention has been described in connection with certain embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
One or more embodiments of the invention provide an induction heating system and an induction heating method for supplying electric power with different frequencies to a plurality of induction heating apparatuses, an output monitoring apparatus and an output monitoring method for monitoring an output situation when electric power is supplied from a power supply apparatus to a heating coil to perform induction heating, and an induction heating apparatus having a low-frequency current transformer and a high-frequency current transformer.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2012-115121, 2012-115122 and 2012-115123, filed on May 18, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-115121 | May 2012 | JP | national |
| 2012-115122 | May 2012 | JP | national |
| 2012-115123 | May 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/064424 | 5/17/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013/172481 | 11/21/2013 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3989916 | Amagami | Nov 1976 | A |
| 20030155349 | Matsuo | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20120097663 | Ito | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 912619 | Dec 1962 | GB |
| 60-249288 | Dec 1985 | JP |
| 11-188744 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 2005-102484 | Apr 2005 | JP |
| 2006-344385 | Dec 2006 | JP |
| 2009-158394 | Jul 2009 | JP |
| 2011-134614 | Jul 2011 | JP |
| 2012-57184 | Mar 2012 | JP |
| 2011-0131534 | Dec 2011 | KR |
| 2011-0134022 | Dec 2011 | KR |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/JP2013/064424, dated Jan. 14, 2014. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150237680 A1 | Aug 2015 | US |
