INDUCTIVELY HEATED WINDSHIELD WIPER ASSEMBLY

Abstract

A wiper assembly comprises a wiper with an inductively heatable portion; and an induction heating device including an induction work coil which is configured to be placed near the wiper to inductively heat the inductively heatable portion. The inductively heatable portion may be in the wiper blade, the wiper arm which supports the blade, or both. The induction work coil may be placed on or near the windshield or other surface which is cleaned by the wiper and may heat the wiper regardless of its position or only when the wiper is at a specific location such as its retracted “rest” position. The wiper assembly may also include a temperature sensor for sensing a current temperature of the wiper and control circuitry associated with the induction heating device for controlling operation of the work coil. The control circuitry of the induction heating device may include a closed-loop temperature feedback control system which remotely reads the current temperature of the wiper from the temperature sensor and automatically activates the work coil whenever the temperature of the wiper falls below a specified temperature set point and de-activates the work coil when the temperature of the wiper rises above another temperature set point.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inductively heated wiper assembly constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention and shown installed on a vehicle windshield or other surface.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the wiper portion of the inductively heated wiper assembly with the shaded portion thereof indicating the presence of inductively heatable materials.

FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of the wiper portion of the inductively heated wiper assembly with the shaded portion thereof indicating the presence of inductively heatable materials.

FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of the wiper portion of the inductively heated wiper assembly with the shaded portion thereof indicating the presence of inductively heatable materials.

FIG. 5 is another schematic diagram of the wiper portion of the inductively heated wiper assembly with the shaded portion thereof indicating the presence of inductively heatable materials.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of portions of the inductively heated wiper assembly depicting a possible position for the induction work coil.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of portions of the inductively heated wiper assembly depicting another possible position for the induction work coil.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of portions of the inductively heated wiper assembly depicting another possible position for the induction work coil.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of portions of the inductively heated wiper assembly depicting another possible position for the induction work coil.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of portions of the inductively heated wiper assembly depicting a possible position for the temperature sensor.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of portions of the inductively heated wiper assembly depicting another possible position for the temperature sensor.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of portions of the inductively heated wiper assembly depicting several possible positions for temperature sensors.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the inductively heated wiper assembly with a closed-loop temperature feedback control system.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an inductively heated wiper assembly constructed in accordance with another embodiment of the invention and installed on a vehicle windshield or other surface.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the inductively heated wiper assembly shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment depicting a susceptor containing an energy storage device.

The drawing figures do not limit the present invention to the specific embodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description references the accompanying drawings that illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Turning now to the drawing figures, and particularly FIG. 1, an inductively heated wiper assembly 10 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated and shown with a windshield 12 or other surface to be cleaned or cleared by the wiper assembly. Although the wiper assembly 10 is particularly suitable for use with a vehicle's windshield, it may be used with any surface which is subject to the accumulation of snow or ice or which is operated in cold temperatures.

The embodiment of the wiper assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1 broadly comprises a wiper 14 with an inductively heatable portion; and a magnetic induction heating device 18 with an associated induction work coil 16. As described in more detail below, the magnetic induction heating device 18 and its associated induction work coil 16 inductively heats the inductively heatable portion of the wiper 14 so as to prevent the accumulation of snow or ice on or near the wiper and to keep the wiper from becoming stiff and unpliable. Control circuitry within the induction heating device 18 controls the output of current to the induction work coil 16, and thus power transferred to the wiper, so as to maintain the temperature of the wiper 14 in a desired temperature range.

All the embodiments employ some form of wireless temperature feedback. The primary forms of wireless feedback utilized are RFID temperature feedback, microwire temperature feedback, impedance detection feedback, and the method disclosed by Pacholok in his patent application “RFID Interrogator/Induction heating system” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/496,683. The RFID temperature feedback system is fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,320,169 and 6,953,919. The microwire temperature system and its use in feedback control systems is fully described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/619,066. The impedance detection feedback system is fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,232,585. These patents and patent applications are incorporated into the present application by reference.

In more detail, the wiper 14 itself is mostly conventional and includes a wiper blade 20 and a wiper arm 22 for supporting the blade in contact with the surface 12 and for moving the blade over the surface. The wiper blade 20 may be formed of rubber or similar flexible materials and basically acts as a squeegee. The wiper blade 20 may be supported on its wiper arm 22 by a metal or plastic bracket or frame as with conventional wiper assemblies or may be of a newer “bracketless” design in which the blade is attached to a metal band or spline which serves as a backbone for the blade. Examples of bracketless wiper blades are manufactured by Trico under the name Neoform™, by Bosch under the name Icon™, and by Anco under the name Contour™. The wiper 14 may also include associated support structure, gears, and motors for moving the wiper blade 20 and wiper arm 22 over the surface 12 in a conventional manner. When used with a vehicle, two or more wipers 14 may be provided, and the wipers may be heated by a single induction work coil or separate work coils.

The inductively heatable portion of the wiper 14 may be in or on the wiper blade 20, the wiper arm 22, the metal band or spline of the wiper blade, or elsewhere on the wiper. For example, as depicted by the shaded portions of FIG. 2, the entire wiper blade 20 or a portion thereof may be formed of inductively heatable materials. This results in heating of the portion of the wiper which directly touches the windshield or other surface 12. Alternatively, the entire wiper arm 22 or a portion thereof may be formed of inductively heatable materials as illustrated by the shaded portions of FIG. 3. This ensures that a wiper fluid line 26 passing through the arm 22 does not become frozen. In another embodiment, both the wiper blade 20 and the wiper arm 22, or portions thereof, may be formed of inductively heatable materials as illustrated in FIG. 4. This heats both the portion of the wiper which directly touches the windshield and the portion which carries the wiper fluid line. In yet another embodiment, inductively heatable inserts 26 may be molded into or otherwise attached to the wiper blade as illustrated in FIG. 5. This permits heating of the wiper blade 20 while allowing the major portion of the wiper blade to be made of conventional elastomer materials.

In all of these and other embodiments, the inductively heated portions may be made of materials such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,657,170, hereby incorporated by reference. The materials may include graphite, metal, and other heat-retentive materials. Other materials may also be added such as elastomers and other materials commonly found in windshield wiper blades.

The inductively heated portions may also consist of a “susceptor coil”, typically copper or graphite traces printed on a substrate material (preferably Kapton, Mylar, or other high temperature polymer) or directly upon the surface to be heated (i.e. on or inside the squeegee, etc.), where the “susceptor coil” is a continuous coil formed of electrically conductive material with a pair of terminal coil ends, and a conductive assembly operably connected between said terminal ends to complete a circuit, said conductive assembly comprising a switch component. This susceptor coil converts its induced current (energy transferred from the nearby work coil) to thermal energy so as to heat the susceptor coil and the object(s) in thermal contact with the susceptor coil. This susceptor coil may also include a capacitor within its continuous coil circuit so as to tune its impedance to enable the most efficient energy transfer from the induction work coil. Furthermore, there may be thermal fuses or other thermal safety switches within the susceptor coil circuit that can open the continuous coil and thus prevent any induced current to flow through the susceptor coil. This “susceptor coil” is described within U.S. Pat. No. 6,504,135 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/603860 “Resonant Controllable Susceptor for Induction Heating System, Induction Heating System Incorporating Same, and method”, both hereby incorporated by reference.

If the susceptor coil is to be made on a flexible substrate that will then be adhered to the wiper surface to be heated, the susceptor coil can be manufactured by standard methods by which flexible circuit boards are manufactured—etching, etc. If the susceptor coil is to be directly printed onto the surface of the squeegee, spline, wiper arm, similar prior art manufacturing methods such as etching, electroplating, flame spraying, etc. may be used.

The induction work coil 16 is placed near the wiper 14 to inductively heat the inductively heatable portion of the wiper. More specifically, the induction work coil 16 may be placed below the windshield or other surface 12 as shown in FIG. 6, within the surface as shown in FIG. 7, attached to a lower face of the surface as shown in FIG. 8, or attached to an upper face of the surface as shown in FIG. 9. The induction work coil may be sized and positioned so as to heat the wiper 14 regardless of its position on the surface 12 or may be sized and positioned so as to heat the wiper 14 only when it is at a specific location such as its retracted “rest” position. The induction heating device 18 and its associated work coil 16 may be powered by the vehicle's battery, its own dedicated battery, or any other power source. The induction heating device 18 and its associated work coil 16 may be similar to the ones disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,320,169, hereby incorporated by reference, or U.S. Patent No. 6,657,170 mentioned above.

The work coil may be constructed of copper Litz wire or other highly conductive wire or it may be constructed as a flexible printed circuit board. The flexible printed circuit board embodiment is preferably a multi-layer one, such that the printed traces for its closed circuit allow for a less resistive passage of alternating current sufficient to produce an alternating magnetic field above the surface of the work coil and adjacent windshield. The number of coil turns, width of the traces, thickness of the traces, and other parameters of the work coil are all known in the art to affect the impedance of the induction coil, and thus its efficiency in transferring energy to the wiper. One advantage of the embodiments where the work coil is directly adhered to the windshield is that the inevitable heating of the work coil will provide the windshield with heat so as to prevent ice accumulation on that area of the windshield.

The control circuitry within the magnetic induction heating device 18 may be a simple manual switch or button which electrically connects the induction heating device 18 to the vehicle's battery or other source of power. Such a switch may be placed near the windshield wiper on/off switch or anywhere else within easy reach of an operator. The operator may trigger the switch to activate the induction heating device 18 whenever he or she observes snow or ice on the vehicle's windshield or whenever the wiper blade becomes frozen or rigid because of low temperatures. A temperature sensor and wireless communication device, both of which are disclosed in more detail below, may be provided along with the manual switch to automatically turn off the induction heating device 18 whenever the temperature of the wiper exceeds a maximum recommended operating temperature.

In a preferred embodiment, however, the control circuitry within the induction heating device 18 is part of a closed-loop temperature feedback control system which determines the current temperature of the wiper 14 and automatically provides power to the induction work coil 16 whenever the temperature falls below a specified temperature set point such as 35° F. and controls the induction heating device's power output to regulate the temperature of the inductively heatable portion of the wiper 14 about some set point such as 50° F. The closed-loop temperature feedback control system may utilize RFID tag technology, microwire technology, impedance detection feedback technology, or any other wireless technology for controlling operation of the induction work coil 16 in response to the temperature of the wiper, the outside air temperature, or a combination of both.

One exemplary embodiment of a wiper assembly employing an induction heating device 18 whose control circuitry is part of a closed-loop temperature feedback control system is shown in FIG. 13 and includes at least one temperature sensor 28 and control circuitry broadly referred to by the numeral 30 for controlling operation of the induction work coil 16 in response to temperature readings from the temperature sensor.

In more detail, the temperature sensor 28 continuously or periodically senses a current temperature of the wiper 14 or the area around the wiper. The temperature sensor 28 may be placed on, or embedded within, the wiper blade 20 as illustrated in FIG. 10, on the wiper arm 22 as illustrated in FIG. 11, or anywhere else which is in thermal contact with a portion of the wiper 14. Multiple temperature sensors 28 may be provided and positioned on various locations on the wiper blade and/or the wiper arm as illustrated in FIG. 12. Alternatively, the auto's existing outside air temperature sensor or an added prior art one may be used to provide the low set point temperature (say 35C) that is used as a trigger to automatically start the wiper heating operation. The particular location of the temperature sensor or sensors is not important so long as they can detect a temperature which is representative of some portion of the wiper assembly.

The control circuitry 30 of the induction heating device 18 may include a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device 32 operable to control power output from the solid state inverter 44 to the induction work coil 16 and a wireless communication system 34 for reading the current temperatures sensed by the temperature sensor 28. The wireless communication system may be a RFID tag reader 38 and antenna 40 that are coupled with the microprocessor 32 as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,953,919. The reader 38 and antenna 40 read temperature information from the RFID tag 36 coupled with the temperature sensor 28. In another embodiment, the RFID tag 36 and reader 38 may be replaced with a glass-coated amorphous magnetic microwire sensor coupled with the temperature sensor and a corresponding microwire reader coupled with the microprocessor as described in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/619,066 referenced above. In other embodiments, an impedance detection feedback control system such as the one discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,504,135 may be used. Other wireless communication methods, such as the one described in co-pending application “RFID Interrogator/Induction Heating System” Ser. No. 11/496,683, for transmitting temperature readings from the temperature sensor 28 to the microprocessor 32 may also be used.

In operation of the closed-loop temperature feedback embodiment, the temperature sensor 28 or sensors continuously or periodically measure the current temperature of some portion of the wiper 14. These temperature readings are then provided to the microprocessor 32 by the RFID tag 36 or microwire sensor and the wireless reader 38. Microprocessor 32 then controls power output from the inverter 44, whether through duty cycling, frequency change, or other prior art inverter control schemes, to the induction work coil 16 which in turn inductively heats the inductively heatable portions of the wiper 14 so as to maintain the temperature of the wiper assembly within a desired temperature range. For example, the microprocessor 32 may turn on the induction work coil 16 whenever the temperature of the wiper 14 (or the outside air temperature as read by a prior art outside air temperature sensor) drops below 350 F and turn off the induction work coil 16 whenever the temperature of the wiper 14 exceeds 50° F. In another example, the microprocessor 32 may allow power to the induction work coil only when the temperature of the wiper drops below 35° F. and then cycles power to the work coil as necessary (based upon temperature feedback from the temperature sensor 28) to maintain the temperature of the wiper within a small range of temperatures about 50° F. The microprocessor 32 may instead allow continuous output power from the induction work coil 16 at a reduced power level so as to maintain the wiper assembly at or near a narrower temperature range such as between 40-45° F. A relay (not shown) may be interposed between the induction work coil 16 and the power source 42 so power does not flow to the induction work coil 16.

The control circuitry microprocessor's 32 memory may be used to store operating parameters for the wiper assembly. For example, the memory may store information related to the type of windshield wiper blade attached to the wiper arm, the maximum operating temperature of the wiper blade, the maximum power level of the induction work coil, and the desired temperature range for the wiper assembly. Alternatively, this data may be stored in the RFID tag 36 or microwire sensor and read by the reader 38 upon activation of the induction work coil 16. By storing the data in the RFID tag or microwire sensor mounted on the wiper, the wiper may be swapped with another wiper which may have different operating or mounting characteristics and still be automatically heated to its correct operating temperature by the induction heating device.

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate another embodiment of the wiper assembly in which the inductively heatable portions consist of a susceptor coil. More specifically, the wiper assembly broadly comprises a wiper 46 having a wiper blade 48 and a wiper arm 50; a susceptor coil 52 for placement in contact with a portion of the wiper; an induction work coil 54 configured to be placed near the wiper to induce current in the susceptor coil; and an induction heating device 56 for controlling the power output from its work coil 54.

FIG. 16 illustrates another embodiment of the wiper assembly in which the inductively heatable portions consist of a susceptor coil 52, an energy storage device 59 and heating elements 58. More specifically, the wiper assembly broadly comprises a wiper 46 having a wiper blade 48 and a wiper arm 50; a susceptor coil 52 for placement in contact with a portion of the wiper; an induction work coil 54 configured to be placed near the wiper to induce current in the susceptor coil; and an induction heating device 56 for controlling the power output from its work coil 54. The current created in the susceptor coil 52 is converted to stored energy in the energy storage device 59. This energy is then used to activate the heating elements 58, even when the wiper is not in proximity to the work coil. This energy may be regulated by inclusion of a thermal switch to deactivate the heating elements. Alternatively, the input of energy to the energy storage device 59 may be regulated using any form of the wireless temperature feedback to the induction heating device 56 and controlling its output to the work coil 54.

The susceptor coil 52 may be positioned in the wiper blade 48 as shown in FIG. 14, in the wiper arm 50 as shown in FIG. 15, or both. Alternatively, if the wiper 46 has a bracketless type wiper blade as discussed above, the susceptor coil 52 may be attached to or embedded in the metal band or spline of the wiper blade. The susceptor coil is preferably made by fabricating a multi-layer, flexible printed circuit board of Kapton® (polyimide), Mylar® (polyester), TPU (thermoplastic urethane) or any other commonly used flexible circuit substrate. This circuit board may be glued or otherwise adhered to the metal band or the spline of the wiper blade. If the metal band of the wiper blade is composed of ferromagnetic material, then it is preferable to maintain a solid layer of copper on the side of the flexible printed circuit board that is glued to the ferromagnetic metal band. This allows for higher power transfer from the induction work coil to the wiper blade. It is also possible to either metal plate the ferromagnetic metal band, or to make the metal band out of non-ferromagnetic metal such as non-ferromagnetic steel, etc. Heating elements 58, such as resistive heaters, may be coupled with the susceptor coil 52 to receive electrical current therefrom and to convert it to heat.

As with the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-13, the induction heating device 56 may contain control circuitry a simple as a manually activated on/off switch or may contain control circuitry that implements a closed-loop temperature feedback control scheme. In addition to the RFID and microwire wireless communication systems described above, this embodiment may use an impedance detection feedback control scheme with a thermal switch such as the control scheme disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,504,135, hereby incorporated by reference. The thermal switch (usually an inexpensive bimetallic one) is connected in the circuit of the susceptor coil 52 and is in thermal contact with the metal spline of the wiper blade. This temperature control scheme has no real-time multiple temperature sensing capability from the wiper itself to know when to automatically turn on the work coil 54, so if automatic operation is desired, the induction heating device 56 must obtain a temperature reading from the vehicle's outside air temperature sensor.

The embodiments of FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 may also use a temperature feedback control scheme such as the one described in pending patent application Ser. No. 11/496,683 entitled “RFID Interrogator/Induction Heating System”, and filed on Jul. 31, 2006. This application is also incorporated herein by reference.

Although the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached drawing figures, it is noted that equivalents may be employed and substitutions made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as recited in the claims. For example, the positioning of the various components of the wiper assembly may be altered and the materials used to construct the components may be substituted with other materials.

Claims

1. An inductively heated wiper assembly comprising: a wiper configured for removing water or other substances from a surface, the wiper including an inductively heatable portion; andan induction work coil configured to be placed near the wiper to inductively heat the inductively heatable portion of the wiper.

2. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, further comprising: a temperature sensor configured to be placed in thermal contact with the inductively heatable portion of the wiper and operable to sense a current temperature of the wiper; andcontrol circuitry associated with the induction work coil for reading the current temperature from the temperature sensor and for controlling operation of the work coil to maintain the current temperature of the wiper in a desired temperature range.

3. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 2, further including an RFID tag coupled with the temperature sensor and an RFID reader operable to read the current temperature from the RFID tag.

4. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 2, further including a microwire temperature sensor and a microwire reader operable to read the current temperature from the microwire temperature sensor.

5. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the wiper includes a wiper blade for removing water or other substances from the surface and a wiper arm for supporting the blade in contact with the surface, wherein the inductively heatable portion is in the wiper blade.

6. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the wiper includes a wiper blade for removing water or other substances from the surface and a wiper arm for supporting the blade in contact with the surface, wherein the inductively heatable portion is in the wiper arm.

7. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the wiper includes a wiper blade for removing water or other substances from the surface and a wiper arm for supporting the blade in contact with the surface, wherein the inductively heatable portion is in the wiper blade and the wiper arm.

8. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the induction work coil is configured to be placed inside the surface.

9. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the induction work coil is configured to be placed on a lower face of the surface.

10. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the induction work coil is configured to be placed on an upper face of the surface.

11. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the induction work coil is configured to be placed below a lower face of the surface.

12. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the induction work coil is configured to be placed above an upper face of the surface.

13. (canceled)

14. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 1, further including control circuitry coupled to the induction work coil and configured to activate the induction work coil based on an environmental condition.

15. (canceled)

16. An inductively heated windshield wiper assembly comprising: a wiper configured for removing water or other substances from a windshield, the wiper including an inductively heatable portion;an induction work coil configured to be placed near the windshield to inductively heat the inductively heatable portion of the wiper;a temperature sensor configured to be placed in thermal contact with the inductively heatable portion of the wiper and operable to sense a current temperature of the wiper; anda magnetic induction device including control circuitry which is configured for reading the current temperature from the temperature sensor and for controlling operation of the work coil to maintain the current temperature above a desired set point.

17. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 16, further including an RFID tag coupled with the temperature sensor and an RFID reader operable to read the current temperature from the RFID tag.

18. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 16, further including a microwire temperature sensor and a microwire reader operable to read the current temperature from the microwire temperature sensor.

19. An inductively heated wiper assembly comprising: a wiper configured for removing water or other substances from a surface;a susceptor coil for placement in contact with a portion of the wiper; andan induction work coil configured to be placed near the wiper to induce current in the susceptor coil to heat the susceptor coil or a heating element in electrical contact with the susceptor coil.

20. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 19, further comprising: a temperature sensor configured to be placed in thermal contact with the wiper and operable to sense a current temperature of the wiper; andcontrol circuitry coupled to the induction work coil and configured for reading the current temperature from the temperature sensor and for controlling operation of the work coil to maintain the current temperature above a desired set point.

21. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 20, further including an RFID tag coupled with the temperature sensor and an RFID reader operable to read the current temperature from the RFID tag.

22. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 20, further including a microwire temperature sensor and a microwire reader operable to read the current temperature from the microwire temperature sensor.

23. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 19, further including a thermal switch electrically connected to the susceptor coil and control circuitry coupled to the induction work coil and configured for controlling operation of the work coil in response to the thermal switch.

24. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 19, wherein the wiper includes a wiper blade for removing water or other substances from the surface and a wiper arm for supporting the blade in contact with the surface, wherein the susceptor coil is in the wiper blade.

25. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 19, further including control circuitry coupled to the induction work coil and configured to activate the induction work coil based on an environmental condition.

26. (canceled)

27. The wiper assembly as set forth in claim 20, wherein the wiper includes a wiper blade having a spline, wherein the susceptor coil is attached to the spline.

28. (canceled)

29. An inductively heated wiper assembly comprising: a wiper configured for removing water or other substances from a surface;a resonant susceptor coil for placement in contact with a portion of the wiper; andan induction work coil configured to be placed near the wiper to induce current in the resonant susceptor coil to heat the resonant susceptor coil or a heating element in electrical contact with the resonant susceptor coil.