Embodiments relate to an inductor and an EMI filter including the same.
An inductor is one of electronic components that are used in printed circuit boards, and may be applied to resonance circuits, filter circuits, power circuits, etc. due to the electromagnetic characteristics thereof.
Recently, various electronic devices such as communication devices or display devices have been developed to become smaller and thinner, and according to this trend, an inductor used in these electronic devices is required to be smaller, thinner and highly efficient.
An electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter used in a power board serves to transmit a signal necessary for the operation of a circuit and to remove noise.
Noise transmitted from the power board of the EMI filter shown in
A conductive noise transmission mode may include a differential mode and a common mode. Among these modes, common-mode noise travels and returns along a large loop. Thus, the common-mode noise may affect electronic devices that are located far away even when the amount thereof is small. Such common-mode noise is generated by impedance imbalance of a wiring system and becomes remarkable at a high frequency.
In order to remove common-mode noise, an inductor that is applied to the EMI filter shown in
As the power of the power board, to which the EMI filter is applied, is higher, a magnetic core having a higher inductance is required. To this end, a magnetic core having a high magnetic permeability p, e.g. a magnetic core having relative permeability μ of 10,000 H/m to 15,000 H/m or higher, is required. However, Mn—Zn-based ferrite having such a high magnetic permeability is expensive. Further, because Mn—Zn-based ferrite has a low core loss ratio due to the material property thereof, the noise removal efficiency within a band of 6 MHz to 30 MHz is low.
The embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements wherein:
Embodiments provide an inductor, which is capable of receiving high power and which is compact and has excellent noise removal performance and a constant inductance, and an EMI filter including the same.
An inductor according to an embodiment includes a first magnetic body having a toroidal shape, the first magnetic body including ferrite, and a second magnetic body configured to be different from the first magnetic body, the second magnetic body including a metal ribbon, wherein the second magnetic body includes an outer magnetic body disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the first magnetic body and an inner magnetic body disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the first magnetic body, and each of the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body is wound in multiple layers in a circumferential direction of the first magnetic body.
For example, the metal ribbon included in the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body may be a Fe-based nanocrystalline metal ribbon.
For example, the thickness of the first magnetic body may be greater than the thickness of each of the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body in a diameter direction of the first magnetic body.
For example, a thickness ratio between the inner magnetic body and the first magnetic body in the diameter direction may range from 1:80 to 1:16, and a thickness ratio between the outer magnetic body and the first magnetic body in the diameter direction may range from 1:80 to 1:16.
For example, the magnetic permeability of each of the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body may be different from the magnetic permeability of the first magnetic body, the thickness of each of the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body may be less than the thickness of the first magnetic body in the diameter direction of the first magnetic body, and the saturation magnetic flux density of each of the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body may be greater than the saturation magnetic flux density of the first magnetic body.
For example, the thickness of the outer magnetic body and the thickness of the inner magnetic body may be the same as each other in the diameter direction.
An EMI filter according to another embodiment includes an inductor and a capacitor, wherein the inductor includes a first magnetic body having a toroidal shape, the first magnetic body including ferrite, a second magnetic body configured to be different from the first magnetic body, the second magnetic body including a metal ribbon, the second magnetic body including an outer magnetic body disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the first magnetic body and an inner magnetic body disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the first magnetic body, and coils wound around the first magnetic body, the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body, and each of the outer magnetic body and the inner magnetic body is wound in multiple layers in a circumferential direction of the first magnetic body.
For example, a thickness ratio between the inner magnetic body and the first magnetic body in a diameter direction of the first magnetic body may range from 1:80 to 1:16, and a thickness ratio between the outer magnetic body and the first magnetic body in the diameter direction may range from 1:80 to 1:16.
For example, the thickness of each of the inner magnetic body and the outer magnetic body in the diameter direction may range from 190 μm to 210 μm.
An inductor according to embodiments and an EMI filter including the same have excellent noise removal performance over a wide frequency band, a reduced size, a large power receiving capacity, and improved performance of removing conductive noise including common-mode noise and differential-mode noise, and is capable of adjusting the noise removal performance for each frequency band.
Exemplary embodiments can be variously changed and embodied in various forms, in which illustrative embodiments are shown. However, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein and any changes, equivalents or alternatives which are within the spirit and scope of the embodiments should be understood as falling within the scope of the embodiments.
It will be understood that although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element may be termed a second element and a second element may be termed a first element without departing from the teachings of the embodiments. The term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected to” or “coupled to” another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements present.
In the description of the embodiments, it will be understood that when an element, such as a layer (film), a region, a pattern or a structure, is referred to as being “on” or “under” another element, such as a substrate, a layer (film), a region, a pad or a pattern, the term “on” or “under” means that the element is “directly” on or under another element or is “indirectly” formed such that an intervening element may also be present. It will also be understood that criteria of on or under is on the basis of the drawing. The thickness or size of a layer (film), a region, a pattern, or a structure shown in the drawings may be exaggerated, omitted or schematically drawn for the convenience and clarity of explanation, and may not utterly reflect the actual size.
The terms used in the present specification are used for explaining a specific exemplary embodiment, not limiting the present inventive concept. Thus, the singular expressions in the present specification include the plural expressions unless clearly specified otherwise in context. In the specification, the terms “comprising” or “including” shall be understood to designate the presence of particular features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts, or combinations thereof but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts, or combinations thereof.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms including technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this inventive concept pertains. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and a repeated explanation thereof will not be given. Embodiments will be described using a Cartesian coordinate system. However, other different coordinate systems may be used. In the drawings, an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system are perpendicular to each other. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis may intersect each other.
Referring to
The magnetic core 110 may have a toroidal shape, and the coil 120 may include a first coil 122 wound around the magnetic core 110 and a second coil 124 wound so as to be opposite the first coil 122. Each of the first coil 122 and the second coil 124 may be wound around a top surface TS, a bottom surface BS and a side surface OS of the toroidal-shaped magnetic core 110.
A bobbin (not illustrated) for insulating the magnetic core 110 and the coil 120 may be further provided between the magnetic core 110 and the coil 120.
The coil 120 may be configured as a conductive wire coated on the surface thereof with an insulating material. The conductive wire coated on the surface thereof with an insulating material may include copper, silver, aluminum, gold, nickel, tin, or the like, and may have a circular-shaped or polygonal-shaped cross-section. However, the disclosure is not limited to any particular material of the conductive wire or to any particular shape of the cross-section of the conductive wire.
In the embodiment, the magnetic core 110 may include first and second magnetic bodies. The first and second magnetic bodies are mutually different, and the second magnetic body may be disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the first magnetic body. The magnetic core 110 may be embodied in various forms depending on the configuration in which the second magnetic body is disposed on the surface of the first magnetic body. That is, the second magnetic body may be disposed on at least a portion of the top surface, the bottom surface or the side surface of the first magnetic body.
Hereinafter, various embodiments 400A, 400B, 800A to 800E and 1400 of the magnetic core 110 shown in
Referring to
The first magnetic body 410 and the second magnetic body 420 may differ in magnetic permeability. The second magnetic body 420 may have a higher saturation magnetic flux density than the first magnetic body 410. Here, the magnetic permeability may be expressed by the following Equation 1.
Here, μ represents magnetic permeability, μ0 represents magnetic permeability in a vacuum (or air), which is 4π×10-7, μs represents relative permeability, and the unit of each of μ, μ0 and μs is [Henry/meter] (hereinafter referred to as H/m).
Referring to Equation 1, the difference in magnetic permeability between the first magnetic body 410 and the second magnetic body 420 may mean that the first magnetic body 410 and the second magnetic body 420 have different values of relative permeability.
For example, the first magnetic body 410 may include ferrite, and the second magnetic body 420 may include a metal ribbon. Here, the relative permeability μs of the ferrite may range from 2,000 H/m to 15,000 H/m, and the relative permeability μs of the metal ribbon may range from 100,000 H/m to 150,000 H/m. For example, the ferrite may be Mn—Zn-based ferrite, and the metal ribbon may be a Fe-based nanocrystalline metal ribbon. The Fe-based nanocrystalline metal ribbon may be a nanocrystalline metal ribbon including Fe and Si.
Here, the nanocrystalline material is a material with a crystallite size of 10 nm to 100 nm.
The first magnetic body 410 may be manufactured by coating ferrite powder with a ceramic or polymer binder, insulating the ferrite powder coated with the ceramic or polymer binder, and molding the insulated ferrite powder coated with the ceramic or polymer binder at a high pressure. Alternatively, the first magnetic body 410 may be manufactured by stacking a plurality of ferrite sheets on one another, each of the sheets being formed by coating ferrite powder with a ceramic or polymer binder and insulating the ferrite powder coated with the ceramic or polymer binder. However, the disclosure is not limited to any particular method of forming the first magnetic body 410.
Each of the first magnetic body 410 and the second magnetic body 420 may have a toroidal shape. The second magnetic body 420 may include at least one of an upper magnetic body 422 or a lower magnetic body 424. The second magnetic body 420 is illustrated as including both the upper magnetic body 422 and the lower magnetic body 424 in
The upper magnetic body 422 may be disposed on the top surface S1 of the first magnetic body 410, and the lower magnetic body 424 may be disposed on the bottom surface S3 of the first magnetic body 410.
The thickness of the second magnetic body 420 in the x-axis direction may be less than the thickness of the first magnetic body 410 in the x-axis direction. That is, the thickness of each of the upper magnetic body 422 and the lower magnetic body 424 in the x-axis direction may be less than the thickness of the first magnetic body 410 in the x-axis direction. The magnetic permeability of the magnetic core 400A may be adjusted by adjusting at least one of a ratio of the thickness of the upper magnetic body 422 to the thickness of the first magnetic body 410 or a ratio of the thickness of the lower magnetic body 424 to the thickness of the first magnetic body 410. To this end, each of the upper magnetic body 422 and the lower magnetic body 424 may include a metal ribbon stacked in multiple layers.
The magnetic core 400A may further include a bobbin 430. The bobbin 430 may further include an upper bobbin 432 and a lower bobbin 434.
A method of forming the magnetic core 400A shown in
First, referring to
Subsequently, referring to
Subsequently, referring to
Subsequently, referring to
As illustrated in
Referring to
With the above-described configuration, in which the magnetic core 400A and 400B includes the mutually different first and second magnetic bodies 410 and 420, it is possible to remove noise over a wide frequency band.
In the case in which each of the first magnetic body and the second magnetic body, included in the magnetic core 110 shown in
Referring to
The first magnetic body 810 and the second magnetic body 820 may differ in magnetic permeability (or relative permeability), and the second magnetic body 820 may have a higher saturation magnetic flux density than the first magnetic body 810.
The first magnetic body 810 may include ferrite, and the second magnetic body 820 may include a metal ribbon. Here, the metal ribbon may be a thin metal strip formed of a metal material, i.e. a long and thin strip-shaped metal sheet. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto.
Here, the relative permeability μs of the ferrite may range from 2,000 H/m to 15,000 H/m, and exemplarily may be 10,000 H/m, and the relative permeability μs of the metal ribbon may range from 2,500 H/m to 150,000 H/m, exemplarily from 100,000 H/m to 150,000 H/m. For example, the ferrite may be Mn—Zn-based ferrite, and the metal ribbon may be a Fe-based nanocrystalline metal ribbon. The Fe-based nanocrystalline metal ribbon may be a nanocrystalline metal ribbon including Fe and Si.
As illustrated in
The thickness TO of the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction thereof (e.g. the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) may be greater than the thickness of the second magnetic body 820. That is, the thickness TO of the first magnetic body 810 in the y-axis direction (or the z-axis direction) may be greater than the thickness T1O and T1I of each of the outer magnetic body 822 and the inner magnetic body 824 in the y-axis direction (or the z-axis direction). The magnetic permeability of the magnetic core 800A may be adjusted by adjusting at least one of a ratio of the thickness T1O of the outer magnetic body 822 to the thickness TO of the first magnetic body 810 or a ratio of the thickness T1I of the inner magnetic body 824 to the thickness TO of the first magnetic body 810.
A method of forming the magnetic core 800A shown in
First, referring to
Subsequently, referring to
The outer circumferential surface S2 of the first magnetic body 810 and the outer magnetic body 822 may be adhered to each other using an adhesive, and the inner circumferential surface S4 of the first magnetic body 810 and the inner magnetic body 824 may be adhered to each other using an adhesive. Here, the adhesive may be an adhesive including at least one of epoxy-based resin, acrylic resin, silicon-based resin, or varnish. The bonding of the mutually different magnetic bodies to each other using an adhesive may prevent deterioration in performance due to physical vibration.
At this time, at least one of the number of windings, the thickness T1O of the outer magnetic body 822 or the thickness T1 I of the inner magnetic body 824 may be adjusted in order to obtain a desired magnetic permeability.
Each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824, as illustrated in
The number of layers of the metal ribbon may be adjusted by the number of windings, the starting point of winding and the ending point of winding. As illustrated in
Alternatively, when the outer magnetic body 822 is wound two turns from the starting point of winding, the outer magnetic body 822 may include a two-layered metal ribbon. When the starting point of winding and the ending point of winding do not coincide with each other, for example, when the outer magnetic body 822 is wound one and a half turns from the starting point of winding, the outer magnetic body 822 includes a region in which a metal ribbon is stacked in a single layer and a region in which a metal ribbon is stacked in two layers.
Alternatively, when the outer magnetic body 822 is wound two and a half turns from the starting point of winding, the outer magnetic body 822 includes a region in which a metal ribbon is stacked in two layers and a region in which a metal ribbon is stacked in three layers. In this case, if the coil 120 is disposed on a region in which the number of layers in which a metal ribbon is stacked is larger, the noise removal performance of an EMI filter to which the magnetic core 800A according to the embodiment is applied may be further improved.
For example, in the case in which the magnetic core 800A has a toroidal shape and in which the first coil 122 and the second coil 124 are wound opposite each other around the magnetic core 800A, the first coil 122 may be disposed on a region in which the number of stacked layers of the outer magnetic body 822, which is disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 of the first magnetic body 810, is relatively large, and the second coil 124 may be disposed on a region in which the number of stacked layers of the inner magnetic body 824, which is disposed on the inner circumferential surface S4 of the first magnetic body 810, is relatively large. Accordingly, each of the first coil 122 and the second coil 124 may be disposed on a region in which the number of stacked layers of a respective one of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is relatively large, but may not be disposed on a region in which the number of stacked layers of a respective one of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is relatively small, thereby achieving improved noise removal performance.
The outer magnetic body 822 and the inner magnetic body 824 may be formed of the same material as each other or may be formed of different materials from each other. The thicknesses T1O and T1 I of the outer magnetic body 822 and the inner magnetic body 824 may be the same as each other or may be different from each other. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The outer magnetic body 822 and the inner magnetic body 824 may have different materials, different values of magnetic permeability, and/or different thicknesses T1O and T1I. Therefore, the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core 800A may have a wide range of values.
For example, in
Further, the thickness ratio (T1O:TO) between the outer magnetic body 822 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction (e.g. the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, preferably from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the outer magnetic body 822 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns.
Still further, the thickness ratio (T1I:TO) between the inner magnetic body 824 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction (e.g. the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the inner magnetic body 824 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns.
Referring to
Referring to
As illustrated in
For example, in
Further, the thickness ratio (T1O:TO) between the outer magnetic body 822 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction (e.g. the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the outer magnetic body 822 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns.
Still further, the thickness ratio (T1I:TO) between the inner magnetic body 824 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction (e.g. the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the inner magnetic body 824 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns.
In the case of the magnetic core 800A and 800B shown in
For example, in
Further, the thickness ratio (T1O:TO) between the outer magnetic body 822 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction (e.g. the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the outer magnetic body 822 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns.
In the case of the magnetic core 800A and 800B shown in
For example, in
Further, the thickness ratio (T1I:TO) between the inner magnetic body 824 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction (e.g. the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the inner magnetic body 824 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns.
In the case of the magnetic core 800A and 800B shown in
For example, in
Further, the thickness ratio (T1O:TO) between the second magnetic body 820 disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction (e.g., the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the second magnetic body 820 disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns.
Still further, the thickness ratio (T1I:TO) between the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the inner circumferential surface S4 and the first magnetic body 1410 in the diameter direction (e.g., the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 1410 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the inner circumferential surface S4 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns. Alternatively, the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the inner circumferential surface S4 may be stacked in a number within the range from 5 layers to 25 layers, preferably from 10 layers to 20 layers.
Still further, the second magnetic body may be disposed on each of the top surface S1 and the bottom surface S3 of the first magnetic body in the manner of being stacked in a number within the range from 5 layers to 25 layers, preferably from 10 layers to 20 layers, so as to have the same thickness as the second magnetic body disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 or the inner circumferential surface S4 of the first magnetic body.
With the above-described configuration, in which the magnetic core 800A to 800E includes the mutually different first and second magnetic bodies 810 and 820 having different values of magnetic permeability, it is possible to remove noise over a wide frequency band.
In particular, compared to a toroidal-shaped magnetic core that is formed only of Mn—Zn-based ferrite, the magnetic core 400A, 400B, and 800A to 800E according to the embodiment is capable of effectively removing high-frequency noise by preventing concentration of the magnetic flux on the surface thereof and is capable of being applied to high-power products due to the low degree of internal saturation.
Further, the performance of the magnetic core 400A, 400B, and 800A to 800E may be adjusted by adjusting at least one of the magnetic permeability or the volume ratio of at least one of the first magnetic body 410 and 810 or the second magnetic body 420 and 820.
Referring to
The first magnetic body 1410 and the second magnetic body 1420 may differ in magnetic permeability. The second magnetic body 1420 may have a higher saturation magnetic flux density than the first magnetic body 1410.
For example, the first magnetic body 1410 may include ferrite, and the second magnetic body 1420 may include a metal ribbon. Here, the relative permeability μs of the ferrite may range from 2,000 H/m to 15,000 H/m, and the relative permeability μs of the metal ribbon may range from 100,000 H/m to 150,000 H/m. For example, the ferrite may be Mn—Zn-based ferrite, and the metal ribbon may be a Fe-based nanocrystalline metal ribbon. The Fe-based nanocrystalline metal ribbon may be a nanocrystalline metal ribbon including Fe and Si.
The first magnetic body 1410 may have a toroidal shape, and the second magnetic body 1420 may be disposed on a region in the surface of the first magnetic body 1410, around which the coil 120 is wound. For example, in the case in which the coil 120 includes a first coil 122 wound around the magnetic core 1400 and a second coil 124 wound so as to be opposite the first coil 122, the second magnetic body 1420 may be disposed so as to cover the top surface S1, the outer circumferential surface S2, the bottom surface S3 and the inner circumferential surface S4 of the first magnetic body 1410 in each of the regions around which the first coil 122 and the second coil 124 are wound.
The thickness of the second magnetic body 1420 may be less than the thickness of the first magnetic body 1410 in at least one of the z-axis direction or the x-axis direction. The magnetic permeability of the magnetic core 1400 may be adjusted by adjusting a ratio of the thickness of the second magnetic body 1420 to the thickness of the first magnetic body 1410. To this end, the second magnetic body 1420 may include a metal ribbon stacked in multiple layers.
For example, in
Further, the thickness ratio (T1O:TO) between the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 and the first magnetic body 1410 in the diameter direction (e.g., the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 1410 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns. Alternatively, the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 may be stacked in a number within the range from 5 layers to 25 layers, preferably from 10 layers to 20 layers.
Still further, the thickness ratio (T1I:TO) between the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the inner circumferential surface S4 and the first magnetic body 1410 in the diameter direction (e.g., the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction) of the first magnetic body 1410 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, for example, from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In this case, the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the inner circumferential surface S4 may be wound in the range from 5 turns to 25 turns, preferably from 10 turns to 20 turns. Alternatively, the second magnetic body 1420 disposed on the outer circumferential surface S2 may be stacked in a number within the range from 5 layers to 25 layers, preferably from 10 layers to 20 layers.
With the above-described configuration, in which the second magnetic body 420, 820 and 1420, which is different from the first magnetic body 410, 810 and 1410, is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the first magnetic body 410, 810 and 1410, it is possible to improve the noise removal performance of the magnetic core 400A, 400B, 800A to 800E and 1400.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Hereinafter, the magnetic cores according to a comparative example and embodiments will be compared and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In
Referring to
The noise removal performance of the comparative example and Embodiments 1 to 5 was simulated under the conditions of 21 windings of a coil around the magnetic core and the application of current of 1 A (ampere) and power of 220 W. Referring to
Comparing Embodiments 1 to 3, Embodiment 1 is configured such that the second magnetic body 822 is disposed only outside the first magnetic body 810, Embodiment 2 is configured such that the second magnetic body 824 is disposed only inside the first magnetic body 810, and Embodiment 3 is configured such that the second magnetic body 820 (822 and 824) is disposed inside and outside the first magnetic body 810. It is confirmed that the degree of attenuation of Embodiment 3 is improved by about 30% compared to that of Embodiments 1 and 2. Further, Embodiments 1 and 3 are capable of achieving improved noise removal performance with the same thickness in the diameter direction (e.g., the y-axis direction or the z-axis direction). That is, it is possible to achieve improved noise removal performance with the same size.
Still further, referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Hereinafter, the characteristics of inductors including the comparative example and Embodiment 3 of the magnetic core, which are shown in
Embodiment 3 of the magnetic core shown in
First, the characteristics of the inductor according to the comparative example in a differential mode will be described below.
The inductor shown in
Referring to
In
Referring to
Referring to
Next, the characteristics of the inductor according to the comparative example in a common mode will be described below.
The inductor shown in
Referring to
The inductor shown in
In
Referring to
Referring to
In the state in which the applied current to be used in the inductor according to the comparative example is applied in a differential manner (i.e. in the state in which the function of the magnetic body is lowered), when reverse current noise of a power factor correction circuit and reverse current noise due to switching for driving a transformer are introduced in the manner of a high-frequency (e.g. 1 kHz to 1 MHz) common mode and when high-frequency noise (e.g. 1 MHz to 30 MHz) due to other communication circuits is introduced, the noise reduction function may be lowered. The function of the inductor according to the comparative example may be greatly lowered when reverse current is introduced due to impedance mismatch between an EMI filter to be described later and the power factor correction circuit.
Next, the characteristics of Embodiment 3 of the inductor in a differential mode will be described below.
Embodiment 3 of the inductor, as shown in
Like the inductor according to the comparative example, Embodiment 3 of the inductor, as shown in
In
Referring to
On the other hand, when the frequency of the current applied to the first and second coils 1122 and 1124 is equal to or greater than the critical frequency, unlike the phenomenon shown in
Here, the critical frequency is a frequency at which the magnetic permeability is reversed due to a reduction in the second and third relative permeability of the second magnetic body 820 (i.e. a reduction in the induction amount due to loss of eddy current), which is embodied as a nanoribbon, at a high frequency.
The above-described critical frequency may increase as the thickness T1O and T1 I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 decreases. This is because a reduction in the induction amount due to loss of eddy current decreases as the thickness T1O and T1I of the second magnetic body 820, which is embodied as a nanoribbon, decreases.
For example, the thickness T1O and T1I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is in the range from 200 μm±10 μm (20 μm±1 μm and 10 turns) to 400 μm±10 μm (40 μm±1 μm and 10 turns), the critical frequency may range from 150 kHz to 250 kHz. For example, when the thickness T1O and T1I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is 400 μm±10 μm and when the number n of turns of each of the first and second coils 1122 and 1124 is 10, the critical frequency is 150 kHz. When the thickness T1O and T1I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is 200 μm±10 μm and when the number n of turns of each of the first and second coils 1122 and 1124 is 10, the critical frequency may increase to 200 kHz to 250 kHz, for example, 200 kHz.
The inductance LDM of Embodiment 3 of the inductor in a differential mode may be expressed by the following Equation 3.
Here, LCM represents inductance of Embodiment 3 of the inductor in a common mode and is expressed by the following Equation 4, and M represents a mutual inductance.
Referring to
That is, in a differential mode, a reduction in the magnetic permeability in Embodiment 3 due to an increase in the applied current (i.e. an increase in the magnitude of the magnetic field) is lower than that in the comparative example. This is because Example 3 of the inductor includes the first magnetic body 810, which may be embodied as ferrite, and the second magnetic body 820 (822 and 824), which may be embodied as a nanoribbon having a higher magnetic permeability and a higher saturation magnetic flux density than the first magnetic body 810, and because the thickness TO of the first magnetic body 810 is greater than each of the thickness T1 I of the inner magnetic body 824 and the thickness T1O of the outer magnetic body 822, based on a fact that magnetic energy is mainly concentrated on a material having a higher magnetic permeability. For example, when the number of turns of winding around each of the outer magnetic body 822 and the inner magnetic body 824 is in the range from 5 to 25, each of the thickness ratio (T1O:TO) between the outer magnetic body 822 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction of the first magnetic body 810 and the thickness ratio (T1I:TO) between the inner magnetic body 824 and the first magnetic body 810 in the diameter direction of the first magnetic body 810 may range from 1:80 to 1:16, preferably from 1:40 to 1:20. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto.
Therefore, compared to the comparative example, a reduction in the magnetic permeability in Embodiment 3 due to an increase in the current or an increase in the number of windings may be further prevented.
Next, the characteristics of Embodiment 3 of the inductor in a common mode will be described below.
In
Like the differential mode, referring to
In Embodiment 3 of the inductor, the magnetic permeability 702, 712 and 722 in a high-power mode gradually increases from the point r1 where the inner magnetic body 824 is located to the point r2 where the outer magnetic body 822 is located.
Like the differential mode, as the thickness T1O and T1I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 decreases, the above-described critical frequency may increase. For example, when the thickness T1O and T1 I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is in the range from 200 μm±10 μm (20 μm±1 μm and 10 turns) to 400 μm±10 μm (40 μm±1 μm and 10 turns), the critical frequency may range from 150 kHz to 250 kHz. For example, when the thickness T1O and T1 I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is 200 μm±10 μm, the critical frequency may be 200 kHz.
The inductance LCM of Embodiment 3 of the inductor in a common mode may be expressed by the following Equation 4.
Here, a represents a coefficient, μ1 represents the first relative permeability of the first magnetic body 810, μ21 represents the second relative permeability of the outer magnetic body 822, μ22 represents the third relative permeability of the inner magnetic body 824, S1 represents the cross-sectional area of the first magnetic body 810, S21 represents the cross-sectional area of the outer magnetic body 822, and S22 represents the cross-sectional area of the inner magnetic body 824. Referring to
Further, each of the first, second and third relative permeability μ1, μ21 and μ22 may vary depending on the applied frequency of the current applied to the inductor. When the number n of windings of each of the first and second coils 1122 and 1124 is 5 and when the thickness T1O and T1 I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 is 200 μm±10 μm (20 μm±1 μm and 10 turns), the first relative permeability μ1 may be 10,000 H/m, and each of the second and third relative permeability μ21 and μ22 may range from 2500 H/m to 200,000 H/m. For example, when the above-described critical frequency is 200 kHz, the first, second and third relative permeability μ1, μ21 and μ22 for each applied frequency may be as follows.
When the applied frequency is 10 kHz, the first relative permeability μ1 may be 10,000 H/m, and each of the second and third relative permeability μ21 and μ22 may range from 100,000 H/m to 200,000 H/m.
Alternatively, when the applied frequency is 100 kHz, the first relative permeability μ1 may be 10,000 H/m, and each of the second and third relative permeability μ21 and μ22 may range from 12,000 H/m to 15,000 H/m.
Alternatively, when the applied frequency is 200 kHz, the first relative permeability μ1 may be 10,000 H/m, and each of the second and third relative permeability μ21 and μ22 may range from 5,000 H/m to 15,000 H/m.
Alternatively, when the applied frequency is 300 kHz, the first relative permeability μ1 may be 10,000 H/m, and each of the second and third relative permeability μ21 and μ22 may range from 2,500 H/m to 7,500 H/m.
Referring to
Referring to
In the differential mode and the common mode, as the number n of turns increases, the partial saturation current IC3 and IC4 may decrease in inverse proportion to the square n2 of the number n of turns. For example, when the number n of turns is 10, the partial saturation current IC3 in the differential mode may be about 10 A, and the partial saturation current IC4 in the common mode may be about 1 A. However, if the number n of turns is increased to 50, i.e. 5 times, the partial saturation current IC3 and IC4 may be reduced to 1/25. That is, the partial saturation current IC3 may be reduced to 0.4 A, and the partial saturation current IC4 may be reduced to 0.04 A.
Since Embodiment 3 of the inductor includes the second magnetic body 820, which is different from the first magnetic body 810, Embodiment 3 is capable of receiving high power in a differential mode. Further, since the second magnetic body 820 included in the magnetic core of Embodiment 3 of the inductor has a high saturation magnetic flux density and since the saturation magnetic flux density is maintained at a high frequency, some energy may be stored in the second magnetic body 820 even when reverse current is introduced. Therefore, even when a common mode is performed such that reverse current of 10 mA or lower is generated, it is possible to remove noise, thereby securing the stability of the circuit with respect to reverse current.
In Embodiment 3 of the inductor, the characteristics thereof in a common mode are similar to those in a differential mode. However, when reverse current (reflection) due to circuit impedance mismatch is introduced in a common mode, Embodiment 3 may convert the introduced reverse current into magnetic energy and may store the magnetic energy in the outer magnetic body 822 and the inner magnetic body 824. Therefore, when Embodiment 3 of the inductor is applied to an EMI filter to be described later, it is possible to remove noise and to prevent reverse current from being introduced into a power source.
A circuit, in which the inductor according to the embodiment is mainly utilized, may be configured to receive differential-type home AC current having a level of 90 V to 240 V and a frequency of 40 Hz to 70 Hz as main energy and may include a rectifier diode connected to a rear end thereof in the form of a Wheatstone bridge. In this case, the main energy has a low frequency and the noise source has a low power level, whereby it is possible to obtain the above-descried effects of the embodiment.
Meanwhile, the inductor according to the embodiment described above may be included in a line filter. For example, the line filter may be a line filter for noise reduction that is applied to an AC-to-DC converter.
Referring to
The X-capacitors Cx are respectively disposed between a first terminal P1 of a live line LIVE and a third terminal P3 of a neutral line NEUTRAL and between a second terminal P2 of the live line LIVE and a fourth terminal P4 of the neutral line NEUTRAL.
The plurality of Y-capacitors Cy may be disposed in series between the second terminal P2 of the live line LIVE and the fourth terminal P4 of the neutral line NEUTRAL.
The inductors L may be disposed between the first terminal P1 and the second terminal P2 of the live line LIVE and between the third terminal P3 and the fourth terminal P4 of the neutral line NEUTRAL. Here, each of the inductors L may be the inductor 100 according to the embodiment described above.
When common-mode noise is introduced, the EMI filter 2000 removes the common-mode noise due to combined impedance characteristics of primary inductance and the Y-capacitors Cy. Here, the primary inductance of the live line LIVE may be obtained by measuring the inductance between the first terminal P1 and the second terminal P2 in the state of opening the third and fourth terminals P3 and P4, and the primary inductance of the neutral line NEUTRAL may be obtained by measuring the inductance between the third terminal P3 and the fourth terminal P4 in the state of opening the first and second terminals P1 and P2.
When differential-mode noise is introduced, the EMI filter 2000 removes the differential-mode noise due to combined impedance characteristics of leakage inductance and the X-capacitors Cx. Here, the leakage inductance of the live line LIVE may be obtained by measuring the inductance between the first terminal P1 and the second terminal P2 in the short-circuit state of the third and fourth terminals P3 and P4, and the leakage inductance of the neutral line NEUTRAL may be obtained by measuring the inductance between the third terminal P3 and the fourth terminal P4 in the short-circuit state of the first and second terminals P1 and P2.
The inductor of the EMI filter 2000 according to the embodiment may be the inductor according to Embodiment 3 described above. When the thickness T1O and T1I of each of the outer and inner magnetic bodies 822 and 824 of the second magnetic body 820 is 200 μm (20 μm±1 μm and 10 turns), the EMI performance may be further improved as the number n of turns of each of the first and second coils 1122 and 1124 increases. For example, because saturation occurs when the number n of turns is greater than 15, the most excellent EMI characteristics may be obtained when the number n of turns is 15.
Further, in order to remove common-mode noise, the inductance LCM in a common mode, which is expressed by the above Equation 4, needs to be large, and in order to remove differential-mode noise, the inductance LDM in a differential mode, which is expressed by the above Equation 3, needs to be large. Therefore, the inductor according to the embodiment may include the first and second magnetic bodies 810 and 820, which have S1, S21, S22, LE1, LE21 and LE22 determined based on the above principle. That is, since the relative permeability is not varied even when the number n of turns is varied, it is possible to maintain the inductance at a constant level by adjusting a ratio (S1/LE1, S21/LE21 and S22/LE22) of the cross-sectional area to the circumferential length.
The contents of the above-described embodiments may be applied to other embodiments as long as they are not incompatible with one another.
While the present disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, these embodiments are only proposed for illustrative purposes and do not restrict the present disclosure, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the essential characteristics of the embodiments set forth herein. For example, respective configurations set forth in the embodiments may be modified and applied. Further, differences in such modifications and applications should be construed as falling within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Various embodiments have been described in the best mode for carrying out the disclosure.
An inductor according to embodiments may be used in various electronic circuits such as, for example, resonance circuits, filter circuits and power circuits, and an EMI filter may be applied to various digital or analog circuits that need noise removal.
Any reference in this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other ones of the embodiments.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10-2017-0000745 | Jan 2017 | KR | national |
10-2017-0113223 | Sep 2017 | KR | national |
This application is a Continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/673,245 filed Feb. 16, 2022, which is Continuation application of U.S. National Stage patent application Ser. No. 16/473,863 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,289,252), which is a U.S. National Stage Application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT Application No. PCT/KR2018/000041, filed Jan. 2, 2018, which claims priority to Korean Patent Application No's. 10-2017-0000745, filed Jan. 3, 2017 and 10-2017-0113223, filed Sep. 5, 2017, whose entire disclosures are hereby incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 17673245 | Feb 2022 | US |
Child | 18601098 | US | |
Parent | 16473863 | Jun 2019 | US |
Child | 17673245 | US |