Infinitely variable friction gear

Abstract

The infinitely variable friction wheel transmission with two transmission units and a traction element wound around the carriers of each respective transmission unit in the form of a Figure-8, comprises for each carrier a compensating element which exerts a restoring force on the carriers when a differential angle occurs between the two carriers.

Description

[0001] The present invention concerns an infinitely variable friction wheel transmission according to the pre-characterizing portion of claim 1.

[0002] An infinitely variable friction wheel transmission of this type usually has input and output discs arranged coaxially on a common shaft, arranged together in pairs and whose inside surfaces are designed in toroidal shape, with friction wheels arranged between the pairs of input and output discs. These friction wheels are in frictional contact with both the input discs and the output discs, and transfer the torque to be transmitted from the input disc to the output disc by virtue of friction-force contact, whre the rotation speed of the friction wheels being the higher the larger is the distance between their point of contact with the input disc and the rotation axis. In contrast, the rotation speed of the output discs is higher the closer the point of contact between the friction wheel and the output disc is to the rotation axis. Accordingly, by swivelling the friction wheels, the rotation speed of the output discs can be infinitely variably adjusted as desired. For this purpose, the rotation axles of the friction wheels are in each case mounted on a carrier which can be controlled by means of a swivelling device.

[0003] Such an infinitely variable friction wheel transmission is described in detail in DE 197 54 725 by the present applicant. This transmission comprises two transmission units arranged coaxially with the input shaft, each transmission unit having an input disc and an output disc between which, in each case, are arranged two friction wheels, each friction wheel being attached on a carrier that can be swivelled. Both the input and the output discs are mounted on a torque shaft which can be displaced slightly in the axial direction relative to the input shaft. The input disc of one transmission unit is rotationally fixed with respect to the torque shaft, but is mounted on the latter so that it can slide axially on it. The input disc of the other transmission unit too is connected to the torque shaft in a rotationally fixed way by virtue of drive gearing. The two output discs of the two transmission units are arranged mirror-symmetrically and adjacent to one another in the transmission, and are arranged on a common bushing, so that a torque transmitted from one input disc to its associated output disc and a torque transmitted from the other input disc to its associated output disc, are transmitted from the two output discs in rotationally fixed connection with the bushing to a gear-wheel that meshes with a gearwheel of an output shaft. A roller-shaped pressing mechanism acts upon one of the input discs, which is mounted so as to be displaceable in the axial direction on the input shaft but is in a rotationally fixed connection with it.

[0004] In the known infinitely variable friction wheel transmissions, the transmission ratio is usually adjusted by moving the friction wheels tangentially with respect to the transmission axle, such that, however, swivel forces from the input and output discs act on the friction wheel arranged between them, since to transfer the torque these discs have to be pressed against the friction wheel. In conventional infinitely variable friction wheel transmissions the friction wheel in each transmission unit is arranged such that its swivel axis is positioned at the mid-point of the torus formed by the associated input and output discs. Thus, at the contact point of the friction wheel with its associated input and output discs, so-termed normal forces are produced when the transmission ratio is adjusted.

[0005] To avoid the possibility that the normal forces occurring during transmission ratio adjustment are unequal, the torque moment on the friction wheel resulting from this might produce an undesired change of the transmission ratio of the transmission, it has already been proposed in DE 198 26 057 by the present applicant to compensate for a possible difference in the normal forces by producing a control force, such that with the friction wheel held axially, this control force which leads to tilting of the friction wheel, can be applied to one of the two associated discs, while when one of the discs is axially fixed, the control force acts on the friction wheel.

[0006] It has also already been proposed to support the friction wheels in an infinitely variable friction wheel transmission by means of two connecting rods which oppose the occurring reaction forces. In this, the swivelling movement of the friction wheels is made possible by roller bearings; this design, however, has the disadvantage that the weight of the friction wheel transmission is higher and there is no coupling of the swivelling movements of two carriers arranged in a transmission unit for the friction wheels.

[0007] Further, an infinitely variable friction wheel transmission has been proposed, in which at the top and bottom ends of the carriers in any one transmission unit a traction element is provided, for example an endless cable, which passes around the corresponding ends of the carriers essentially in a circle and which, to produce synchronous swivelling movements of the carriers in opposite directions, is arranged in the form of a Figure-8, with a crossover point mid-way between the two carriers. This arrangement both takes up the reaction forces on the friction wheels and also synchronizes the swivel angle of the two associated carriers in each transmission unit.

[0008] Now, if the traction element is used in such manner that no differential angle is possible between the carriers, i.e., the play between the traction element and the carrier is very small, manufacturing tolerances can lead to forced slippage under the friction wheels. If the traction element is used such that there is large play between the traction element and the carrier, then the necessary coupling between the carriers will only exist when there is already a large differential angle between the two carriers.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coupling between the two carriers of any one transmission unit, which enables a certain, specified differential angle between the two carriers to be set but, at the same time, when a differential angle occurs, a restoring force on the corresponding carrier is produced.

[0010] This objective is achieved by the features indicated in claim 1; advantageous designs are described in the subordinate claims.

[0011] According to the invention, then, it is provided that a compensating element is associated with each carrier in a transmission unit, which brings about effective coupling of the two carriers of the transmission unit such that when a differential angle occurs between the two carriers, a restoring force is exerted on the carrier. The compensating elements are advantageously inserted as connection elements in the traction element.

[0012] In an example of a preferred embodiment, the compensating element comprises a support disc in contact with a spring surrounded by a sleeve, which is fitted so that it can move within a bushing against the force of another spring, while the other section of the traction element is attached to the center of the support disc.

[0013] The provision of a compensating element for each traction element provides the advantage that when a differential angle occurs, a restoring force is exerted on both carriers, whose effect is to reduce the differential angle. At the same time, tolerances in the mounting for the traction element and in the traction element itself can be compensated by the gradual rise of the restoring force, without leading to forced slippage at the contact points.

[0014] The manufacturing tolerances of the components, i.e., the holder for the traction element and the traction element itself, can be correspondingly greater. The behavior of the infinitely variable friction wheel transmission can be affected by choosing different characteristics for the springs used.

[0015] At the same time, the stability of the friction wheel transmission is increased by this type of coupling; dampers provided in the compensating element can damp any additional oscillations that occur.

[0016] Below, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing in which two advantageous example embodiments are illustrated. The figures show:

[0017] FIG. 1 is a radial cross-section through a transmission unit of an infinitely variable friction wheel transmission;

[0018] FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a traction element with inserted compensating element;

[0019] FIG. 3 is an enlarged representation of a compensating element; and

[0020] FIG. 4 is a partial representation of a traction element with another example embodiment of a compensating element

[0021] Infinitely variable friction wheel variators are well known to those familiar with the subject, so that in what follows, only those components necessary for understanding the invention are described and illustrated. The same components are denoted by the same reference numbers in the various figures.

[0022] The two swivelling carriers for the friction wheels in a transmission unit are referenced as 1 and 2. A traction element indexed 3 which, as viewed in FIG. 1, is provided at the bottom ends of the two carriers 1, 2 for the friction wheels, wraps around the carriers 1, 2 essentially in a circle, so that the two carriers 1, 2 are coupled in relation to their swivel angle. For this, the traction element 3 is guided by holders 5 on the carriers 1, 2.

[0023] According to the invention, a so-termed phi-coupling is now provided between the two carriers 1, 2, in that two compensating elements 4 are inserted in the traction element 3, such that a specified differential angle between the two carriers 1, 2 can occur but, at the same time, a restoring force is exerted on the carriers.

[0024] FIG. 3 shows a section through one of the compensating elements. When a differential angle (phi1-phi2) occurs, a support disc 9 is pressed against a spring 6 so as to produce a restoring force in the traction element 3 on one of the two carriers 1, 2. By means of a series or parallel arrangement of various spring elements 6, 7 the restoring force can be adjusted as a function of the differential angle and other parameters.

[0025] The maximum permissible differential angle can be limited by a sleeve. Advantageously, the restoring force on the carriers is small for a small differential angle, so that manufacturing tolerances will not result in large restoring forces. In contrast, with larger differential angles it is advantageous for the restoring force to increase steeply so that if oscillations occur the effect of this phi-coupling is brought into play. Equally well, a damper can be integrated in the compensating element 4.

[0026] One end of the traction element 3 is connected to the support disc 9 by means of a locking disc 10, while the other end of the traction element 3 is connected to the bushing 11 by means of a locking disc 10.

[0027] In the example embodiment of a compensating element shown in FIG. 4, the holder for the traction element 3 is again referenced as 5; the carrier 1 has a projection 14 which engages in a corresponding recess such that its rotation is limited by two abutments 12, 13. Two springs 15, 16 are in each case attached at one end to the holder 5 for the traction element 3 and are connected at the other end to the projection 14 of the carrier 1. Here too, the size of the restoring force on the carriers can be influenced by an appropriate choice of the characteristics of the springs.

Reference numbers
1  Carrier
2  Carrier
3  Traction element
4  Compensating element
5  Holder
6  Spring
7  Spring
8  Sleeve
9  Support disc
10 Locking disc
11 Bushing
12 Abutment
13 Abutment
14 Projection
15 Spring
16 Spring

Claims

1. Infinitely variable friction wheel transmission having at least two transmission units, each transmission unit comprising an input disc provided coaxially with the input shaft and having a toroidally shaped inside surface, and an output disc arranged coaxially with the input shaft and having a toroidally shaped inside surface, such that in each case an input disc and an output disc form a pair, several friction wheels, which are arranged and are able to swivel between the pairs of input discs and output discs, and each of which is mounted on a carrier, for the transfer of a torque from the input disc to its associated output disc by swivelling of the carriers and so too of the friction wheels and a traction element which winds around the ends of the carriers essentially in a circle and which, to produce a synchronous swivelling movement in opposite directions, is arranged in the form of a figure-8 with its crossover point mid-way between the two carriers, characterized in that with each carrier of a transmission unit there is associated a compensating unit (4) which effectively couples the two carriers (1, 2) of the transmission unit in such manner that when a differential angle occurs between the two carriers, a restoring force is exerted upon the carriers.

2. Infinitely variable friction wheel transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensating elements (4) are inserted in the traction element (3) as connection components.

3. Infinitely variable friction wheel transmission according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that each compensating element comprises a support disc (9) in contact with a spring (6) which is surrounded by a sleeve (8), said sleeve being fitted in a bushing (11) so that it can be displaced against the force of another spring (7), and one section of the traction element (3) is attached centrally to the support disc (9) while the other end of the traction element (3) is attached to the end face of the bushing (11) facing towards the support disc (9).

4. Infinitely variable friction wheel transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensating elements (4) are provided directly on the carriers (1, 2).

5. Infinitely variable friction wheel transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that each compensating element comprises two springs (15, 16), one end of each spring being attached to the holder (5) for the traction element (3) and the other end of each spring being attached to a projection (14) of the carrier (1), and the projection (14) engages in a recess in the holder (5) and can swivel between two abutments (13, 12) which delimit the recess.