Claims
- 1. A catheter system to change the temperature of blood by heat transfer to or from a working fluid, comprising:
an inlet lumen; and and an outlet lumen, the outlet lumen coupled to the inlet lumen so as to transfer the working fluid between the two, the outlet lumen having a structure when inflated to induce turbulence in the blood or in the working fluid.
- 2. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the inlet lumen and the outlet lumen are made of a flexible material.
- 3. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the flexible material is rubber.
- 4. The catheter system of claim 3, wherein the flexible material is latex rubber.
- 5. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the outlet lumen has a structure to induce turbulence in the working fluid.
- 6. The catheter system of claim 5, wherein the outlet lumen has the shape of a helix when inflated.
- 7. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein the helix shape of the outlet lumen is tapered when inflated.
- 8. The catheter system of claim 7, wherein the helix shape of the outlet lumen is segmentally tapered when inflated.
- 9. The catheter system of claim 8, wherein a radius of the inlet lumen decreases such that the inlet lumen is tapered when inflated.
- 10. The catheter system of claim 8, wherein a radius of the outlet lumen decreases such that the outlet lumen is tapered when inflated.
- 11. The catheter system of claim 1, further comprising a wire disposed within one of at least the inlet lumen or the outlet lumen.
- 12. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the outlet lumen when inflated is less than about ½ mil.
- 13. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein a length of the inlet lumen is between about 5 and 30 centimeters.
- 14. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein a diameter of the helix of the outlet lumen is less than about 8 millimeters when inflated.
- 15. The catheter system of claim 7, wherein the outer diameter of the helix of the outlet lumen, when inflated, is between about 2 millimeters and 8 millimeters and tapers to between about 1 millimeter and 2 millimeters.
- 16. The catheter system of claim 8, wherein a length of a segment is between about 1 centimeter and 10 centimeters.
- 17. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the radii of the inlet and outlet lumens when inflated are between about 0.5 millimeters and 2 millimeters.
- 18. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the outlet lumen further comprises at least one surface feature, the surface feature inducing turbulence in the fluid adjacent the outlet lumen.
- 19. The catheter system of claim 18, wherein the outlet lumen further comprises at least one interior feature, the interior feature inducing turbulence in the working fluid.
- 20. The catheter system of claim 18, wherein the surface feature is a series of helical turns formed in the outlet lumen.
- 21. The catheter system of claim 20, wherein each pair of adjacent turns in the series of helical turns has opposite helicity.
- 22. The catheter system of claim 18, wherein the surface feature is a helical shape formed in the outlet lumen.
- 23. The catheter system of claim 18, wherein the surface feature is a series of protrusions formed in the outlet lumen.
- 24. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the turbulence-inducing outlet lumen is adapted to induce turbulence when inflated within a free stream of blood flow when placed within an artery.
- 25. The catheter system of claim 24, wherein the turbulence-inducing outlet lumen is adapted to induce a turbulence intensity when inflated within a free stream blood flow which is greater than 0.05.
- 26. The catheter system of claim 24, wherein the turbulence-inducing exterior surface is adapted to induce turbulence when inflated during at least 20% of the period of the cardiac cycle when placed within an artery.
- 27. The catheter system of claim 26, wherein the turbulence-inducing outlet lumen is adapted to induce turbulence when inflated throughout the period of the cardiac cycle when placed within an artery.
- 28. The catheter system of claim 1, further comprising:
a coaxial supply catheter having an inner catheter lumen coupled to the inlet lumen; and a working fluid supply configured to dispense the working fluid and having an output coupled to the inner catheter lumen.
- 29. The catheter system of claim 28, wherein the working fluid supply is configured to produce a pressurized working fluid at a temperature of between about −3° C. and 36° C. and at a pressure below about 5 atmospheres of pressure.
- 30. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the turbulence-inducing outlet lumen includes a surface coating or treatment to inhibit clot formation.
- 31. The catheter system of claim 30, wherein the surface coating or treatment includes heparin.
- 32. The catheter system of claim 1, further comprising a stent coupled to the distal end of the inlet lumen.
- 33. A catheter system to change the temperature of blood by heat transfer to or from a working fluid, comprising:
an inlet lumen; and an outlet lumen tapered when inflated from a first radius to a second radius, the outlet lumen coupled to the inlet lumen so as to transfer the working fluid between the two, such that the taper of the outlet lumen allows the outlet lumen to be placed in an artery having a radius less than the first radius.
- 34. A catheter system to change the temperature of blood by heat transfer to or from a working fluid, comprising:
an inlet lumen; and an outlet lumen segmentally tapered when inflated from a first radius to a second radius, the outlet lumen coupled to the inlet lumen so as to transfer the working fluid between the two, such that adjacent segments of the outlet lumen are separated by joints, the joints having a radius less than that of either adjacent segment, and such that the taper of the outlet lumen when inflated allows the outlet lumen to be placed in an artery having a radius less than the first radius.
- 35. A catheter system to cool the temperature of blood by heat transfer to a working fluid, comprising:
a substantially straight inlet lumen to deliver a working fluid; and an outlet lumen that when inflated substantially helically surrounds the inlet lumen to remove the working fluid, the helical shape of the outlet lumen to induce turbulence in the working fluid and in the blood; such that the helical shape of the outlet lumen is sufficient to induce a turbulence intensity in the blood of greater than about 0.05.
- 36. A catheter system to cool the temperature of blood by heat transfer to a working fluid, comprising:
a segmentally tapered and substantially straight inlet lumen to deliver a working fluid; and an outlet lumen, the outlet lumen segmentally tapered when inflated and helically surrounding the inlet lumen to remove the working fluid, the helical and segmentally tapered shape of the outlet lumen to induce turbulence in the working fluid and in the blood; such that the shape of the outlet lumen is sufficient to induce a turbulence intensity in the blood of greater than about 0.05.
- 37. A medical catheter system to cool the temperature of blood by heat transfer to a working fluid, comprising:
a substantially straight inflatable inlet lumen to deliver a working fluid; and a tapered inflatable outlet lumen substantially surrounding the inlet lumen to remove the working fluid, an external surface of the outlet lumen having surface features to induce turbulence in the working fluid and in the blood; such that the surface features are sufficient to induce a turbulence intensity in the blood of greater than about 0.05.
- 38. A medical catheter system to cool the temperature of blood by heat transfer to a working fluid, comprising:
a substantially straight inflatable inlet lumen to deliver a working fluid; and a tapered inflatable outlet lumen substantially surrounding the inlet lumen to remove the working fluid, an external surface of the outlet lumen having a spiral formed thereon to induce turbulence in the working fluid and in the blood; such that the spiral surface feature is sufficient to induce a turbulence intensity in the blood of greater than about 0.05.
- 39. A medical catheter system to cool the temperature of blood by heat transfer to a working fluid, comprising:
a substantially straight inflatable inlet lumen to deliver a working fluid; and a tapered inflatable outlet lumen substantially surrounding the inlet lumen to remove the working fluid, an external surface of the outlet lumen having staggered protrusions formed thereon to induce turbulence in the working fluid and in the blood; such that the staggered protrusions are sufficient to induce a turbulence intensity in the blood of greater than about 0.05.
- 40. A catheter method of changing the temperature of blood by heat transfer, comprising:
inserting an inflatable heat transfer element into an artery or vein; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element by delivering a circulating working fluid to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid different from that of the blood; and inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by passing the working fluid through a helical turbulence-inducing path, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood.
- 41. A catheter method of changing the temperature of blood by heat transfer, comprising:
inserting an inflatable heat transfer element into a flow of blood in an artery or vein; and inflating the inflatable heat transfer element by delivering a working fluid having a temperature different than the blood temperature to an interior of the inflatable heat transfer element, the inflatable heat transfer element having a helical or spiral turbulence-inducing shape when inflated, such that turbulence is induced in a substantial portion of a free stream of blood.
- 42. The method of claim 40, further comprising delivering the working fluid at a temperature of between about −3° C. and 36° C.
- 43. The method of claim 40, further comprising delivering the working fluid at a pressure of less than about 5 atmospheres.
- 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising delivering the working fluid at a pressure of between about 1 and 5 atmospheres.
- 45. The method of claim 40, further comprising absorbing more than about 75 watts of heat from the blood.
- 46. The method of claim 40, further comprising inducing blood turbulence with a turbulence intensity greater than about 0.05 within the carotid artery.
- 47. The method of claim 40, further comprising delivering the working fluid at a temperature of greater than about 37° C.
- 48. The method of claim 40, further comprising inducing blood turbulence in greater than 20% of the period of the cardiac cycle within the carotid artery.
- 49. The method of claim 48, further comprising inducing blood turbulence throughout the period of the cardiac cycle within the carotid artery.
- 50. A method for selectively cooling or heating an organ in a body of a patient, comprising:
introducing a catheter having an inflatable heat transfer element into an artery supplying the organ, the heat transfer element having a lumen with a helical shape to induce turbulence in blood flowing in the artery; inflating the heat transfer element; and inducing free stream turbulence in blood flowing over the heat transfer element; A such that heat is removed from or added to the blood to cool or heat the organ.
- 51. A catheter system to change the temperature of an adjacent material by heat transfer to or from a working fluid, comprising:
an inlet lumen; and an outlet lumen, the outlet lumen coupled to the inlet lumen so as to transfer the working fluid between the two, the outlet lumen having a structure to induce turbulence in the working fluid.
- 52. A catheter method of inducing a therapeutic state of hypothermia in a patient, comprising:
inserting an inflatable heat transfer element into an artery or vein; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element by delivering a circulating working fluid to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid lower than that of the blood; and inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by passing the working fluid through a helical turbulence-inducing path, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood.
- 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the temperature of the working fluid is between about −3° C. and 36° C.
- 54. A catheter method of rewarming a patient, comprising:
inserting an inflatable heat transfer element into an artery or vein; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element by delivering a circulating working fluid to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid higher than that of the blood; and inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by passing the working fluid through a helical turbulence-inducing path, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood.
- 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the temperature of the working fluid is greater than about 37° C.
- 56. A method of changing the temperature of blood, comprising:
providing an inflatable heat transfer element, the inflatable heat transfer element formed by at least an inlet lumen and an outlet lumen, at least one of the inlet lumen or the outlet lumen having a turbulence-inducing shape; inserting the inflatable heat transfer element into a blood vessel; delivering a circulating working fluid from a working fluid supply to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid different from that of the blood; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element with the circulating working fluid; inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by circulating the working fluid through the lumen having the turbulence-inducing shape, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood; and returning the working fluid to the working fluid supply via the outlet lumen.
- 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the method is a method of heating, and the temperature of the circulating working fluid is greater than about 37° C.
- 58. The method of claim 56, wherein the method is a method of cooling, and the temperature of the circulating working fluid is between about −3° C. and 36° C.
- 59. A method of changing the temperature of blood, comprising:
providing an inflatable heat transfer element having a turbulence-enhancing shape such that the inflatable heat transfer element is formed by at least an inlet lumen and an outlet lumen, at least one of the inlet lumen or the outlet lumen having a shape of a helix; inserting the inflatable heat transfer element into a blood vessel; delivering a circulating working fluid from a working fluid supply to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid different from that of the blood; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element with the circulating working fluid; inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by circulating the working fluid through the lumen having the turbulence-inducing shape, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood; and returning the working fluid to the working fluid supply via the outlet lumen.
- 60. A method of changing the temperature of blood, comprising:
providing an inflatable heat transfer element having a turbulence-enhancing shape such that the inflatable heat transfer element is formed by at least an inlet lumen and an outlet lumen, at least one of the inlet lumen or the outlet lumen having a shape of a spiral; inserting the inflatable heat transfer element into a blood vessel; delivering a circulating working fluid from a working fluid supply to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid different from that of the blood; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element with the circulating working fluid; inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by circulating the working fluid through the lumen having the turbulence-inducing shape, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood; and returning the working fluid to the working fluid supply via the outlet lumen.
- 61. A method of changing the temperature of blood, comprising:
providing an inflatable heat transfer element, the inflatable heat transfer element formed by at least an inlet lumen and an outlet lumen, at least one of the inlet lumen or the outlet lumen having a turbulence-enhancing shape such that one lumen helically encircles the other; inserting the inflatable heat transfer element into a blood vessel; delivering a circulating working fluid from a working fluid supply to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid different from that of the blood; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element with the circulating working fluid; inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by circulating the working fluid through the lumen having the turbulence-inducing shape, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood; and returning the working fluid to the working fluid supply via the outlet lumen.
- 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the turbulence-inducing shape is sufficient to cause a turbulence intensity of at least about 0.05.
- 63. The method of claim 61, wherein the turbulence-inducing shape is sufficient to cause turbulence characterized by a Nusselt number of at least about 5.
- 64. The method of claim 61, further comprising disposing the heat transfer element in an artery.
- 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the artery is the carotid artery.
- 66. The method of claim 64, wherein the artery is the femoral artery.
- 67. The method of claim 61, further comprising disposing the heat transfer element in a vein.
- 68. The method of claim 67, wherein the vein is the femoral vein.
- 69. The method of claim 67, wherein the vein is the IVC.
- 70. The method of claim 61, further comprising inducing turbulence in the free stream of the blood flow.
- 71. The method of claim 61, wherein the outlet lumen is the lumen with a turbulence-inducing shape, and further comprising delivering the circulating working fluid to multiple outlet lumens.
- 72. The method of claim 71, wherein each outlet lumen has a turbulence-enhancing shape.
- 73. The method of claim 72, wherein each outlet lumen has the shape of a helix.
- 74. The method of claim 72, wherein each outlet lumen has the shape of a spiral.
- 75. The method of claim 72, wherein each outlet lumen helically encircles the inlet lumen.
- 76. The method of claim 72, wherein each outlet lumen has the shape of a spiral.
- 77. A method of changing the temperature of blood, comprising:
providing an inflatable heat transfer element having a longitudinal axis, the inflatable heat transfer element formed by at least an inlet lumen and an outlet lumen, the inlet and outlet lumens at least partially coaxial, at least one of the inlet lumen or the outlet lumen having a turbulence-enhancing shape such that the radius of the inlet or outlet lumen varies with respect to position along the axis; inserting the inflatable heat transfer element into a blood vessel; delivering a circulating working fluid from a working fluid supply to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid different from that of the blood; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element with the circulating working fluid; inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by circulating the working fluid through the lumen having the turbulence-inducing shape, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood; and returning the working fluid to the working fluid supply via the outlet lumen.
- 78. A method of changing the temperature of blood, comprising:
providing an inflatable heat transfer element, the inflatable heat transfer element formed by at least an inlet lumen and an outlet lumen, at least one of the inlet lumen or the outlet lumen having a turbulence-inducing shape and configured to cause two counter-rotating flows to develop in the circulating working fluid; inserting the inflatable heat transfer element into a blood vessel; delivering a circulating working fluid from a working fluid supply to the inflatable heat transfer element, the temperature of the circulating working fluid different from that of the blood; inflating the inflatable heat transfer element with the circulating working fluid; inducing turbulence in the working fluid or in the blood by circulating the working fluid through the lumen having the turbulence-inducing shape, thereby enhancing heat transfer between the circulating working fluid and the blood; and returning the working fluid to the working fluid supply via the outlet lumen.
- 79. A catheter method of changing the temperature of blood by heat transfer, comprising:
inserting a heat transfer element into an artery or vein; delivering a circulating working fluid to the heat transfer element, the temperature of the working fluid different from that of the blood; and passing the circulating working fluid through a helical path, such that the helical path enhances the heat transfer between the working fluid and the blood.
- 80. The method of claim 79, further comprising delivering the circulating working fluid at a temperature of between about −3° C. and 36° C.
- 81. The method of claim 79, further comprising delivering the working fluid at a pressure of less than about 5 atmospheres.
- 82. The method of claim 79, further comprising absorbing more than about 75 watts of heat from the blood.
- 83. The method of claim 79, further comprising inducing blood turbulence with a turbulence intensity greater than about 0.05 within the artery or vein.
- 84. The method of claim 79, wherein the inlet lumen and the outlet lumen are made of a flexible material.
- 85. The method of claim 80, wherein the flexible material is rubber.
- 86. The method of claim 80, wherein the flexible material is a material capable of undergoing inflation.
- 87. The method of claim 79, further comprising more than one helical path.
- 88. The method of claim 79, wherein the working fluid is saline.
- 89. The method of claim 79, wherein the [helix] helical shape of the outlet lumen is tapered when inflated.
- 90. The method of claim 85, wherein the helical path is segmentally tapered when inflated.
- 91. The method of claim 79, wherein a longitudinal length of the helical path is between about 5 and 30 centimeters.
- 92. The method of claim 79, wherein a diameter of the helical path is less than about 8 millimeters when inflated.
- 93. The method of claim 85, wherein the outer diameter of the helical path when inflated, is between about 2 millimeters and 8 millimeters and tapers to less than 2 millimeters.
- 94. The method of claim 90, wherein a length of a segment is between about 1 centimeter and 10 centimeters.
- 95. The method of claim 79, further comprising a working fluid supply including a pump, and wherein the pump circulates the working fluid.
- 96. The method of claim 95, wherein the working fluid supply is configured to produce a pressurized working fluid at a temperature of between about −3° C. and 36° C. and at a pressure below about 5 atmospheres of pressure.
- 97. The method of claim 79, wherein the helical path includes a surface coating or treatment to inhibit clot formation.
- 98. The method of claim 97, wherein the surface coating or treatment includes heparin.
- 99. The method of claim 79, wherein the working fluid is an aqueous solution.
- 100. The method of claim 79, wherein the helical path is structured and shaped to have a geometry so as to induce turbulence within a free stream of blood flow when disposed in an artery.
- 101. The method of claim 79, wherein the helical path is structured and shaped to have a geometry so as to induce turbulence within a free stream of blood flow to a turbulence intensity of greater than about 0.05.
- 102. The method of claim 79, wherein the helical path is structured and shaped to have a geometry so as to cause a turbulence within a free stream of blood flow characterized by a Nusselt number of at least about 5.
- 103. The method of claim 79, wherein the helical path is structured and shaped to have a geometry so as to induce turbulence within a free stream of blood flow when disposed in a vein.
- 104. The method of claim 100, wherein the artery is a carotid artery.
- 105. The method of claim 100, wherein the artery is a femoral artery.
- 106. The method of claim 103, wherein the vein is a jugular vein.
- 107. The method of claim 103, wherein the vein is a femoral vein.
- 108. The method of claim 103, wherein the vein is the inferior vena cava.
- 109. The method of claim 79, wherein the inlet lumen is substantially straight.
- 110. The method of claim 79, wherein the outlet lumen helically encircles the inlet lumen.
- 111. The method of claim 79, wherein the helical path is such that the outlet lumen helically encircles the inlet lumen.
- 112. The method of claim 111, further comprising more than one helical path, each helical path encircling an inlet lumen.
- 113. The method of claim 112, wherein the inlet lumen is substantially straight.
- 114. The method of claim 113, wherein the inlet lumen is segmentally tapered.
- 115. The method of claim 111, wherein the structure of the helical path is structured and configured to have a geometry such that the induced turbulence is characterized by a Nusselt number of at least about 5.
- 116. A catheter method of changing the temperature of blood by heat transfer, comprising:
inserting a heat transfer element into an artery or vein; delivering a circulating working fluid to the heat transfer element, the temperature of the working fluid different from that of the blood; and passing the circulating working fluid through a turbulence-inducing path, such that the turbulence-inducing path enhances the heat transfer between the working fluid and the blood.
- 117. A method for selectively cooling an organ in a body of a patient, comprising:
introducing a catheter having a heat transfer element into a blood vessel supplying the organ; circulating a working fluid through the heat transfer element, the working fluid having a temperature less than the temperature of the blood in the blood vessel; and inducing free stream turbulence in blood flowing over the heat transfer element; such that heat is removed from the blood to cool the organ.
- 118. A method for selectively warming an organ in a body of a patient, comprising:
introducing a catheter having a heat transfer element into a blood vessel supplying the organ; circulating a working fluid through the heat transfer element, the working fluid having a temperature greater than the temperature of the blood in the blood vessel; and inducing free stream turbulence in blood flowing over the heat transfer element; such that heat is added from the blood to warm the organ.
- 119. A catheter method of changing the temperature of blood by heat transfer, comprising:
inserting an inflatable heat transfer element into an artery or vein; delivering a circulating working fluid to the inflatable heat transfer element, the working fluid inflating the heat transfer element, the temperature of the working fluid different from that of the blood; and B. passing the circulating working fluid through a helical path, such that the helical path enhances the heat transfer between the working fluid and the blood.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/757,124, filed on Jan. 8, 2001, and entitled “Inflatable Catheter for Selective Organ Heating and Cooling and Method of Using the Same”, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/215,038, filed on Dec. 16, 1998, and entitled “Inflatable Catheter for Selective Organ Heating and Cooling and Method of Using the Same”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,312, which is a continuation-in-part patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/103,342, filed on Jun. 23, 1998, and entitled “Selective Organ Cooling Catheter and Method of Using the Same”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,096,068 and of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/047,012, filed on Mar. 24, 1998, and entitled “Improved Selective Organ Hypothermia Method and Apparatus”, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,957,963, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/012,287 filed on Jan. 23, 1998, entitled “Selective Organ Hypothermia Method and Apparatus”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,019, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Divisions (2)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09757124 |
Jan 2001 |
US |
Child |
10096294 |
Mar 2002 |
US |
Parent |
09215038 |
Dec 1998 |
US |
Child |
09757124 |
Jan 2001 |
US |
Continuation in Parts (3)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09103342 |
Jun 1998 |
US |
Child |
09215038 |
Dec 1998 |
US |
Parent |
09047012 |
Mar 1998 |
US |
Child |
09103342 |
Jun 1998 |
US |
Parent |
09012287 |
Jan 1998 |
US |
Child |
09047012 |
Mar 1998 |
US |