Patent Grant
7424034
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information converting apparatus that converts contents of content and right information in accordance with right management functions of the user, and that, in particular, promotes the use of content distribution services and electronic ticket services.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, with the spread of the Internet, services such as distribution of music and image through the Internet have become common. In addition, commercial services that distribute music to mobile telephone terminals through mobile communication networks have also started. According to the above systems, content that is distributed is recorded into a memory card installed in the mobile terminal and then played through player functions of the mobile terminal. Or, the memory card in which the distributed content is recorded is attached to a dedicated audio player and a playback is performed using this.
In order to protect the copyright of the content, such systems may provide limitations (condition of use) that set limits against moving data recorded in one memory card to another memory card and that set limits on the number of times of checkouts, that is, the number of times the data recorded into a memory card can be copied onto another memory card. Terminals and memory cards used in such systems are provided with use right management (DRM: digital right management) functions for keeping to the condition of use, whereby the use of content is performed in compliance with the condition of use.
Although not shown in the figure, production unit 10 comprises a content production terminal that executes the authoring of content and sets content use rights, and a content registering terminal that registers the produced content with the server. The content produced above is, for example, multimedia data and ticket data.
Distribution controller 11 comprises, again not shown in the figure, a delivery gateway server that performs the delivery of the registered content, and a sales clearing server that performs the selling of content and fee-charge processing.
Portal 12 is a platform server that performs membership authentication and offers portal pages. Network 13 is a PHS network and the Internet and such. Content controller 14 is a PHS terminal or PC with player functions and storage 15 is a recorder media such as an SD card.
In this system, production unit 10 first generates and transmits to distribution controller 11 content, right information that provides the condition of use of the above content, and catalogue information for portal pages (information such as the titles of songs and singers, in case the content is music). Here the contents of the right information is set in accordance with the DRM functions of content controller 14 and storage 15. For example, if storage 15 has function for counting the number of checkout times, the number of checkout times is set as the right information.
Distribution controller 11 then registers the catalog information with portal 12. The user accesses portal 12 through content controller 14, retrieves the songs that he wants to purchase from the portal screen, and thus makes a purchase. Meanwhile, the content the user purchased and its right information is downloaded to content controller 14 from distribution controller 11 via network 13, and content controller 14 stores the downloaded content and its right information in storage 15. Upon execution of the content, a playback of the content is performed in accordance with the right information, using content controller 14 or a dedicated playback apparatus.
Meanwhile, a great number of content distributors exist that provides music content, and the format of description of right information pertaining to content varies from supplier to supplier. Then, in order to cope with such variation in the format of description, the provision of a converting section in a PC (content controller) has been proposed (see JP,2001-202088,A) whereby right information described in a certain format is converted to a different format without changing the contents thereof. By providing such a converting section, several contents from respective suppliers can be handled on a PC while maintaining the protection of the copyright.
Of late, however, the subject matter of distribution content has been expanding to various types of content such as books, image, and software, while distributors have been respectively trying to discriminate the contents of services in order to promote their originality. Under the above circumstances, there has been a trend of diversification of content right information not only in description format but also in their actual contents.
Examples of the above limitations are as follows and vary depending on right information: the number of generation numbers that are allowed to copy content is limited; the term is limited such that content can be used from a certain date to another date; the term is limited such that content can be used for a certain number of days; and the cumulative hours of use and the cumulative number of times of use are provided.
With these new conditions of use thus provided, the production of terminals and recording mediums with compatible DRM functions comes forth. In such case, if a device such as a terminal or a recording medium with DRM functions then in current use cannot use content at all with new conditions of use such as above, or if a certain device with DRM functions set in accordance with certain services cannot use content from other services, the convenience of the content distribution system as well as the user's trust in the system will be lost. This is a problem that can destroy the seed of system development.
In addition, if the right information of content has become diversified and the DRM functions of content controllers and storages also diversify along with this, the following problem will come forth.
Unless the user has a clear idea what DRM functions his own content controller and storage have, making a right purchase of usable content from respective distribution services in an adequate manner is difficult. Even given identical storages, there are cases where content and services that can be used vary depending on the features of the content controller. It is furthermore extremely difficult to keep up with accurate understanding of diversified performance and functions of devices and performance and functions of combined devices
Therefore, if there is content that the DRM function of the user's device does not support in the content displayed on a portal page, there is a threat that the user erroneously purchases content that he cannot use.
Furthermore, when the user attempts to make a purchase of a new content controller, he may fear that the new model may not support the content that he has stocked in storage up till then.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an information converting apparatus that enables enhancement of convenience on each of both sides that distribute and use content, under the conditions where use limitations intended for copyright protection as well as the diversification of the subject matter of on-line services have diversified.
First, terms will be defined. In the present specification, “repository” refers to a processing unit that processes information. For example, a production unit, a distribution controller, a portal, a content controller, and a storage are all each a repository (see
According to an aspect of the present invention, an information converting apparatus comprises a first obtaining section that obtains right information of content that is transmitted from a repository at a transmitting end to a repository at a transmission destination, a second obtaining section that obtains capacity information of the repository at the transmission destination, a conversion section that converts the right information obtained by the first obtaining section, the conversion being based on the capacity information obtained by the second obtaining section and following a conversion policy, and a transmission section that transmits a result of the conversion by the conversion section to the repository at the transmission destination.
According to the above configuration, the right information of the content transmitted from the repository at the transmitting end to the repository at the transmission destination is subject to conversion based on conversion policy and in accordance with the capacity information (content right management capacity) of the repository at the transmission destination. As a result, even under the conditions where use limitations intended to protect the copyright of content have become diversified and the production of equipment and recording mediums with compatible DRM functions is in force, it is possible to expand the types of equipment and recording mediums and thus promote the use of content without causing damage to the copyright of content.
The above and other objects and features of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter from a consideration of the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein one example is illustrated by way of example, in which;
An information conversion system according to the present invention comprises, as shown in
Capacity information 200 of repository 30 to which right gateway 100 makes reference contains information such as schemes (what can and cannot be done through right management), in addition to information regarding hard and soft types (for example, the user agent, OS, version, browser, memory field, and DRM type).
Making reference to capacity information 200 such as above, right gateway 100 processes information A and generates information B based on conversion policy that provides direction of information conversion.
Conversion policy provides as to the way of changing the condition of use of content recorded in right information in accordance with the capacity information (right management capacity) of the repository at the transmission destination. For example, as a conversion policy, the conditions of use before and after conversion are provided for each right management capacity.
Examples of the description of conversion policy include, for instance, changes between different attributes, specifically, changes from one attribute “term” to another attribute “number of times, more specifically, changes from right information for limitation on term (condition of use before conversion) to right information for limitation on number of times (condition of use after conversion). In addition, right information conversion based on difference in communication means can be described in conversion policy as well.
It is also possible to provide, as a conversion policy, the way of converting content corresponding to right information according to the capacity of the repository of the transmission destination. In such case, for example, the method for converting content is provided to cope with the case where the condition of use of the content has changed.
Conversion policy is described in right information, or held inside right gateway 100 or in another apparatus to which right gateway 100 can make reference.
Based on conversion policy, right gateway 100 will:
Incidentally, when information A is transmitted converted, besides the methods whereby the rules provided by conversion policy are applied to automatically convert information A, such methods may be employed whereby the user is inquired as to conversion policy and based on the result thereof information A is converted, or where information A is converted based on the result of negotiation between repositories.
In addition, as shown in
As shown in
In addition, right gateway 100c is provided on storage 15 and, when for instance content stored in storage 15 through content controller 14a is played using another content controller 14b through content controller 14a, performs necessary conversion to the right information and content.
However, the content distribution system does not have to be provided with all right gateways 100a-100c, and accordingly, it is possible to provide only one or a number of right gateways 100a-100c. It is also possible to divide one right gateway 100 into several, each component element being a unit, and provide the respective parts on several repositories to make a multi-stage configuration.
In addition,
Moreover, the right gateway shown in
Now, several embodiments will be explained below, each pertaining to the operation of a right gateway provided on a content distribution system.
With the first embodiment, the operation of a right gateway provided on a content controller will be explained.
As shown in
However, “approval for change in conversion policy” is not essential to right information.
Of the above items in right information, the condition of use is set in content production unit 10, while the conversion policy and the approval for change in conversion policy are set in distribution controller 11. Still, it is possible to set conversion policy as well as approval for change in conversion policy in production unit 10.
In this example, the limit on term is set as a condition of use, where the term for playback is provided: “START=2001/10/10 END=2001/12/12.”
Similarly, right management capacity-specific conversion policy provides that, in case of “CAPACITY OF REPOSITORY=HAS NO LIMIT ON TERM, HAS LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES, DOES NOT SUPPORT HELPER APPLICATION” (in other words, having no DRM function to limit the term and unable to comply to the condition of use in respect to the playback term and yet having DRM function to limit the number of playback times, and unable to support application that, after a given specified number of playback times is fulfilled, re-specifies the number of playback times), the limit on term in the condition of use convert to “LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES=30 TIMES.” Furthermore, conversion policy may provide that, in case of “CAPACITY OF REPOSITORY=HAS NOT LIMIT ON TERM, HAS LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES, SUPPORTS HELPER APPLICATION” (in other words, incapable of term management, yet having DRM capacity to limit the number of playback times and supporting application that, after a given specified number of playback times is fulfilled, re-specifies the number of playback times), the condition of use in respect to the limit on term convert to “LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES=10 TIMES” and support application that re-specifies the number of playback times when the number of playback times reaches 10. Here, helper application refers to applications that provide later operations in the repositories at the transmission destination. Helper application is available from the repositories at the transmission destination through the methods described later.
Thus, upon re-specification of the number of playback times, if the term to allow playback provided by the condition of use is over, the limitation of the number of times will be set to 0 (zero), and if the term to allow playback is not over yet, similarly, re-specification of the playback times will be repeated until the term is over, thereby enabling limitation that suits the condition of use that provide the playback term.
Now, right gateway 100b on content controller 14, when checking out content A stored in storage 15a to another storage 15b, performs the following processing.
When the user performs checkout control to content controller 14, right gateway 100b obtains capacity information 210 of storage 15b through content controller 14.
Then, through content controller 14, right gateway 100b accesses content A and right information A in storage 15a, makes reference to capacity information 210 and right information A, performs conversion of the content and right information depending on need, and transmits the conversion result to storage 15b as content B and right information B.
For example, when the DRM functions of storage 15b provide “HAS NO LIMIT ON TERM, HAS LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES, DOES NOT SUPPORT HELPER APPLICATION,” the condition of use of right information is revised to “LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES=30 TIMES” (that is to say, a license change is performed) and then sent to storage 15b.
On the other hand, when the DRM capacity of storage 15b says “HAS NOT LIMIT ON TERM, HAS LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES, SUPPORTS HELPER APPLICATION,” the condition of use of right information is converted to “LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES=10 TIMES.” Furthermore, a helper application is generated to re-specify the number of playback times after the number of playback times is fulfilled, and then added to the right information. These are sent to storage 15b.
<PLAYBACK>
<LIMIT ON NUMBER OF TIMES=10>
<HELPER APPLICATION ID=5>
</PLAYBACK>
Also, “right management capacity-specific conversion policy” in
In addition, when right gateway 100b makes a change in conversion policy, this history is described in the right information as “conversion policy change history.”
Here, a specific example of a right gateway to which approval for change in conversion policy is given is as follows: depending on the types of sales agents, for instance, right gateways under direct control of content production companies are given approval for change, whereas chain right gateways are not given such approval. Also, depending on the types of devices implemented with a right gateway, for instance, approval for revision may be given to a right gateway implemented on a secure chip. At all events, the history of change in conversion policy is kept so as to make clear which right gateway performed revision during the circulation process.
In addition, “helper application” is the helper application of “ID=5” generated by right gateway 100b and the body of this application is described into right information, or, the application ID and a URL to obtain this application are described in right information. In the latter case, the application body can be obtained through access to the URL.
Incidentally, of the items in right information, the ones other than “condition of use” are not essential to right information. However, if license conversion in a right gateway is to be made not only once but also continuously thereafter, “right management capacity-specific conversion policy 2” will be an essential item.
In case there is description in right information A that no content will be distributed to repositories that do not have right management capacity for term limitation, checkout processing to storage 15b will not be executed.
Moreover, in case there is description in the conversion policy of right information A that when “limit on term” converts to “limit on number of times,” sound will be transmitted and yet no image will be transmitted or only certain meta-data will be sent out, filtering will be performed and specified data alone will be transmitted to storage 15b.
Furthermore, when “limit on term” converts to “limit on number of times” (on the premise that they are provided in the conversion policy of right information A), conversion may be performed to reduce the quality of sound.
In addition, link information will be added to the right information in such a way that content after conversion makes reference to the converted condition of use.
By thus providing, as right information conversion policy, approval for change in condition of use to a storage having no original right management capacity, and by having a right gateway that performs the revision of the condition of use following this conversion policy, it is possible to use a storage with different DRM functions (an old model, for instance) to checkout content.
Incidentally, storage 15a and 15b in
In addition, helper application can be transmitted apart from right information to storage 15b.
Furthermore, when content is in use in accordance with “condition of use 2” of right information, a right gateway can record this into right information as “right execution history.”
<EXECUTION HISTORY>
<PLAYBACK TIME STAMP=2001/10/11 12:00 REPOSITORY ID=1>
:
</EXECUTION HISTORY>
With the second embodiment, the operation of a right gateway provided on storage will be explained.
First, an explanation will be given with reference to
When the user executes checkout control to content controller 14, content controller 14 obtains capacity information 210 of storage 15b and transmits it to storage 15a.
Then, making reference to right information A and capacity information 210 and based on the conversion policy of right information A, right gateway 100c on storage 15a converts content A and right information A according to need and transmits the conversion result to storage 15b as content B and right information B.
Next, an explanation will be given with reference to
When the user installs storage 15 to content controller 14b and executes playback control for content A, content controller 14b transmits capacity information 220 to storage 15.
Then, according to need, right gateway 100c on storage 15 makes reference to right information A and capacity information 220 and converts content A and right information A based on the conversion policy of right information A.
For instance, when there is limitation on the number of times in the condition of use of right information A and there is description in conversion policy that “in case execution is performed on a content controller incapable of limiting the number of times and yet capable of time limitation, the time limit will be three minutes,” the condition of use of right information A converts to “time limit 3 minutes” and will be transmitted as right information B to content controller 14b with content.
Then, following the condition of use of right information B, content controller 14b will play content B for three minutes only.
By thus providing, as right information conversion policy, approval for change in condition of use to a storage and content controller having no original right management capacity, and by having a right gateway that revises condition of use following this conversion policy, it is possible to use a storage and a content controller with different DRM functions (an old model, for instance) to checkout or play content.
With this third embodiment, the operation of a right gateway that optimizes catalogue information displayed on portal pages will be described.
This right gateway 100a is provided as a separate device as shown in
In order to learn which content can be distributed through its content distribution system, content controller 14 accesses portal 12 and transmits the capacity information of content controller 14 (1).
Then, portal 12 transmits the capacity information of content controller 14 to right gateway 100a (2).
Then, from distribution controller 11, right gateway 100a receives catalog information A of the content and right information A that can be distributed by the system (3).
Right gateway 100a decides as to whether content controller 14 has right management capacity compatible with either of the condition of use of right information A or the license-converted condition of use, and selects only the catalogue information of content compatible with right management capacity of content controller 14 and transmits it to portal 12 (4). Incidentally, right gateway 100a makes the above decision using DRM capacity information when the capacity information of content controller 14 contains information pertaining to DRM capacity, or by reading out DRM capacity information corresponding to the controller type from the capacity table of capacity database 300, if the capacity information of content controller 14 does not contain DRM capacity information.
Then, portal 12 presents to content controller 14 the catalog information sent from right gateway 100a (5).
As thus described, according to the present system, it is possible to present only the catalogue information of content that is valid to content controller 14 accessing portal 12.
Incidentally, by request from the user accessing portal 12, catalogue information can be presented without limitation added thereto such as above.
Moreover, conversion policy does not always have to be described in right information. For example, one distribution controller 11b in
However, such configuration is also possible where no description is made into right information pertaining to conversion policy and right gateway 100a holds conversion policy 410.
Moreover, as shown in
With this fourth embodiment, an explanation will be given in respect to a right gateway that performs user help service. In this context, user help service refers to services that response to various inquiries as to how to use a content controller and storage and the types of content that can be used therewith.
Assume that, as shown in
The user uses user help service when for instance he does not know what the most adequate distribution scheme to combine the content controller and storage he owns is, or when the user wants to purchase a new content controller and wants to know whether or not this content controller is capable of playing the content currently stored in the storage, or when the user wants to know which content controller is optimum for the content currently stored in the storage.
Meanwhile, content controller 14a uses storage 15 and accesses portal 12 and transmits, to portal 12, capacity information 220a of content controller 14a that content controller 14a holds, capacity information 210 of storage 15 that storage 15 holds, capacity information 220b of content controller 14b, use history 610a of content controller 14a, and use history 610b of content controller 14b (1).
Portal 12 then transmits the above capacity information and use history information to right gateway 100a (2).
Now, right gateway 100a has capacity database 300 that stores a capacity table on which capacity information of the repositories and services adequate thereto are described. When the capacity information of a repository and its use history information are sent from portal 12, right gateway 100a makes reference to the capacity table of capacity database 300 and provides content information appropriate to the user's need, based on the repository's capacity information or more than one of other repositories' capacity information that the repository holds and its use history (3).
Portal 12 then transmits to content controller 14a a reply such as follows: “Scheme 1 is optimum for your content controller 14a. However, in combination with storage 15, scheme 2 is recommended. Content controller 14b seems to have been in frequent use lately, and if so, scheme 3 is convenient.” (4)
Moreover, as an additional service to portal 12, a service such as follows can be provided for a promotion of new products of content controllers: “You can execute all your content with the following new products. With the popular products below, the following content cannot be executed.”
With such user help service, as shown in
If repository 30a is a mobile telephone with a slot for a content storage medium or an electronic-ticket storing medium, the other repositories 30b and 30c are such as content-storing mediums, content players, electronic-ticket storing mediums. Moreover, if a repository 30a is a home gateway, the other repositories 30b and 30c are such as mobile telephones that support content stock or electronic ticket services, content stock media, content players, electronic ticket storage media, or mobile telephones with a slot for a content stock medium or an electronic ticket storage medium.
With the fifth embodiment, a content distribution system that uses a right gateway for content distribution will be explained.
In the distribution system shown in
Upon receiving content from production unit 10, distribution controller 11 produces distribution content based on policy in distribution controller 11, holds the original produced distribution content by itself and sends a conversion request to right gateway 100a, and requests for conversion of the distribution content.
Then, right gateway 100a that received the conversion request converts the distribution content into the format of request and stores it.
In content reference database 700, content names, right management features necessary to use the content, and a place to store the distribution content are recorded. Consequently, in content reference database 700, distribution controller 11 is recorded as a storage for content that requires right management functions compatible with the condition of use of content set in production unit 10, and, right gateway 100a is recorded as a storage for content that requires right management functions compatible with the condition of use converted in accordance with conversion policy.
Then, distribution controller 11 transmits to portal 12 the distribution content information of the content then prepared for distribution.
Based on the received distribution content information, portal 12 renews the content that is to be put on the portal page.
When the user accesses portal 12 from content controller 14 and chooses content, portal 12 switches the connection from content controller 14 to distribution controller 11.
Then, by making a request to content controller 14 for capacity information or by making reference to DRM capacity that corresponds to the model number of content controller 14 by means of the capacity table of capacity database 310, distribution controller 11 checks the user's right management features.
From content reference database 700, distribution controller 11 performs a search for a storage of content with a content name that matches with the content name of the content the user chose and with right management features that match with the right management features of the user.
If, as a result of this search, the storage is distribution controller 11 itself, relevant distribution content is transmitted to content controller 14. On the other hand, if gateway 100a is the storage, the connection is switched from content controller 14 to right gateway 100a.
In the latter case, right gateway 100a retrieves the distribution content of the user's request from among the distribution content in storage and transmits it to content controller 14.
Moreover,
Upon receiving content from production unit 10, distribution controller 11 of this system produces distribution content based on policy of distribution controller 11, and holds the original produced distribution content by itself, while sending a conversion request to right gateway 100a and requesting conversion of the distribution content. The contents of the conversion request are identical with the case of
Right gateway 100a that received the conversion request converts and stores the distribution content in the format of request, and transmits the distribution content to portal 12.
Then, portal 12 receives and records the distribution content information into content reference database 710, while renewing the content to be put on the portal page based on the received distribution content information.
Then, when the user accesses portal 12 from content controller 14, portal 12 checks the user's right management features based on information such as the controller type and storage type obtained from content controller 14 using the capacity table of capacity database 300 and changes the content to be presented to the user into content that the user's right management features support.
The user selects content from the portal page, and portal 12 performs a search for the storage of content with a content name that matches with the content name of the content the user chose and with right management features that match with the right management features of the user, and switches the connection of content controller 14 to the searched out storage.
Distribution controller 11 or right gateway 100a that is connected with content controller 14 transmits the content requested from the user to content controller 14.
In addition,
Upon receiving content from production unit 10, distribution controller 11 of this system produces distribution content based on policy of distribution controller 11, and holds the original produced distribution content by itself, while sending a conversion request to right gateway 100a and requesting conversion of the distribution content. The contents of the conversion request is identical with the case of
Right gateway 100a that received the conversion request converts and stores the distribution content in a format in which the request for the distribution content was made, and transmits the content information to portal 12.
Then, portal 12 receives the distribution content information and records it into content reference database 710, while renewing the content to be on the portal page based on the received distribution content information.
Then, when the user accesses portal 12 from content controller 14, portal 12 sends information such as the controller type and storage type obtained from content controller 14 to right gateway 100a, and right gateway 100a, using the capacity table of capacity database 300, obtains and returns the right management features for these controller type and storage type to portal 12.
Portal 12 then changes the content to be presented to the user to content that the user's right management features support.
The user selects content from the portal page, and portal 12 performs a search for a storage of content with a content name that matches with the content name of the content the user chose and with right management features that match with the right management features of the user, and switches the connection of content controller 14 to the searched-out storage.
Distribution controller 11 or right gateway 100a that is connected with content controller 14 transmits to content controller 14 the content of the user's request.
Incidentally, as shown in
Thus, each of the above systems can add license policy of distribution controller 11 in addition to production unit 10's license policy, and as a result, it is possible to expand the types of content controller 14 and storage 15 that enable the use of content without causing damage to the copyright of content and to thus promote the use of content. Meanwhile, content creators will be free from the trouble of setting condition of use by taking into consideration the DRM features of content controller 14 and storage 15.
In addition, of the above systems, particularly the system of
On the other hand, the systems of
One further variation is that a right gateway that receives a conversion request from a distribution controller and performs license conversion processing makes addition to license conversion rules based on the right gateway's policy. However, this does not apply if the right gateway is disallowed such operation by the production unit or by the distribution controller and such.
In addition, if there are several options in license conversion, the user (or controller) makes a choice through portal 12, distribution controller 11, or right gateway 100a.
In addition, through management of access history of content controller 14, right gateway 100a can convert to a license that allows several times of content downloading to content controller 14.
Moreover, right gateway 100a, by managing distribution to content controller 14, can convert to an active license that distributes content that is appropriate to the condition of content controller 14 and storage 15 at the time of access
With the sixth embodiment, the operation of a right gateway provided on a home gateway will be explained.
First, an explanation will be given with reference to
When the user executes downloading control through content controller 14, home gateway 16 downloads content A and right information A from distribution controller 11.
Then, by means of home gateway 16, right gateway 100d obtains capacity information 220 and 210 of content controller 14 and storage 15. Incidentally, there are cases where a database for information of household terminals is provided on home gateway 16.
Then, making reference to capacity information 220 and 210 and right information A, based on the conversion policy of right information A, right gateway 100d performs the conversion of content A and right information A according to need and transmits the conversion result to content controller 14 as content B and right information B.
Next, an explanation will be given with reference to
When the user performs checkout control to content controller 14, content controller 14 obtains capacity information 210 of storage 15b. Content controller 14 also accesses content A and right information A of storage 15a and transmits capacity information 210, content A, and right information A to home gateway 16. However, if home gateway 16 has an information database relating to household terminals, there is no need to transmit capacity information 210.
Then, making reference to capacity information 210 and right information A, based on the conversion policy of right information A, right gateway 100d on home gateway 16 performs the conversion of content A and right information A according to need and transmits the conversion result to storage 15b via content controller 14 as content B and right information B.
Thus, the provision of right gateway 100d with home gateway 16 enables home gateway 16 to smoothly control content downloading to information appliance and content checkout within information appliance.
With the seventh embodiment, the operation of a right gateway will be explained in respect to a case where, through peer-to-peer file exchange, content such as music or image is exchanged on a network on a person-to-person basis without a server.
Upon transmission of information A (content (including catalogue information) and right information) from repository 20 to repository 30, right gateway 100 obtains capacity information 200b of repository 30 at the transmitting end and, after having made reference to the obtained capacity information 200b and the right information of information A and performed necessary conversion, transmits information A to repository 30. Meanwhile, right gateway 100 stores the conversion history.
Next, when transmitting information B from repository 30 to repository 20, right gateway 100 refers to past conversion history 800 and changes the conversion processing of information B (content (including catalogue information) and right information).
Provided that conversion from repository 20 to repository 30 has been performed several times, for instance, there will be a fee discount or a favorable right conversion (for instance, the term may be extended compared to normal or the number of times may be increased compared to normal) upon transmission from repository 30 to repository 20.
In addition, in case information is provided from repository 20 to repository 30 for free, there will no fee charge upon transmission from repository 30 to repository 20. In contrast, if information is provided from repository 20 to repository 30 for fee charge, fee will be charged upon transmission from repository 30 to repository 20.
Moreover, provided that conversion from repository 20 to repository 30 has been performed several times for fee charge and repository 20 has produced much profit, then, upon transmission from repository 30 to repository 20, there will be a fee increase or unfavorable right conversion (for instance, the term may be shortened compared to normal or the number of times may be reduced compared to normal).
Thus, according to the present embodiment, right gateway 100 enables well-balanced information exchange in peer-to-peer information exchange.
With the eighth embodiment, an explanation will be given in respect to a system that manages capacity information of respective repositories by means of a server.
As shown in
For instance, when purchasing an apparatus, the user is able to register repository capacity information with capacity information management server 900. A repository with registered capacity information does not have to manage its own capacity information.
Upon transmission of information from repository 20 to repository 30a, right gateway 100 receives the ID of repository 30a from repository 30a at the transmission destination, accesses capacity information management server 900, and obtains the capacity information of repository 30a that corresponds to the ID of repository 30a.
Capacity information management server 900 can be provided with a right gateway, a portal, a distribution controller, or at any position on a repository.
With this ninth embodiment, an explanation will be given in respect to a system that uses personal information for license conversion at a right gateway.
As shown in
In this system, the user accesses portal 12 through content controller 14, and when the ID of content controller 14 is transmitted to portal 12 (1), portal 12 transmits the received content controller ID to right gateway 100a (2).
Then, right gateway 100a receives catalogue information A and right information A from distribution controller 11 (3, 4).
Right gateway 100a obtains capacity information that corresponds to the content controller ID from capacity information management server 900 and meanwhile accesses personal information management server 1000 and obtains personal information such as client information and purchase history information from the content controller ID (5).
Right gateway 100a then chooses catalogue information that matches with the right management capacity of content controller 14 from catalogue information A received from distribution controller 11 and transmits this catalogue information to portal 12, whereupon catalogue information pertaining to, for instance, already purchased content is removed from the chosen catalogue information (6).
Portal 12 presents the catalog information transmitted from right gateway 100a to content controller 14 (7).
Then, when content controller 14 obtains the address of right gateway 100a and again makes a request to right gateway 100a for downloading of the content and catalogue information (8), right gateway 100a transmits content B and catalogue information B converted for downloading to content controller 14, to content controller 14 (9).
Thus, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to take personal information into account upon conversion of content and right information by right gateway 100.
With the tenth embodiment, the operation of a right gateway provided on an on-vehicle information gateway will be explained.
The on-vehicle information gateway operates as a gateway for on-vehicle apparatus such as car-navigation apparatus and car-audio apparatus and, when for instance content such as music information and map information distributed to household terminals are downloaded to the on-vehicle apparatus, mediates such data transmission.
When the user executes control for content downloading to content controller 14, on-vehicle information home gateway 17 downloads content A and right information A from distribution controller 11.
Right gateway 100e obtains capacity information 220 and 210 of content controller 14 and storage 15 by means of on-vehicle information gateway 17. However, if on-vehicle information gateway 17 is provided with a database of information of on-vehicle apparatus, this operation will be unnecessary.
Then, making reference to capacity information 220 and 210 and right information A, based on the conversion policy of right information A, right gateway 100e converts content A and right information A according to need and transmits the conversion result to content controller 14 as content B and right information B. These content B and right information B will be stocked in content controller 14 or storage 15.
When the user performs checkout execution control of “from storage 15a to storage 15b” to content controller 14a, content controller 14a transmits a checkout request covering content A and right information A to on-vehicle information gateway 17.
Then, on-vehicle information gateway 17 accesses content controller 14b and obtains capacity information 220 and 210 of content controller 14b and storage 15b. However, if on-vehicle information gateway 17 has an information database pertaining to on-vehicle terminals, capacity information 220 and 210 do not need to be obtained.
Then, making reference to capacity information 220 and 210 and right information A, based on conversion policy, right gateway 100e converts content A and right information A according to need and transmits the conversion result to content controller 14b as content B and right information B. These content B and right information B will be stocked in storage 15b.
Thus, according to the present embodiment, the provision of a right gateway on vehicle enables license conversion of content downloaded to on-vehicle equipment.
Although a case has been described above where content is downloaded from the mobile telephone to on-vehicle equipment, the reverse is possible as well (that is, content is downloaded from on-vehicle equipment to the mobile telephone). In this case, the content controller is a mobile telephone and the distribution controller is on-vehicle equipment.
With this eleventh embodiment, the operation of a right gateway in the electronic ticket service will be explained.
With respect to electronic tickets, although there are cases where electronic tickets hold content that is to be displayed to the user, the following explanation concerns a case where right information to give the user permission (such as admission) alone circulates as electronic tickets.
When the user executes control for purchasing an electronic ticket to content controller 14 (including cases where payment is not included), content controller 14 transmits to right gateway 100a a request for downloading capacity information 220 of content controller 14 and capacity information 210 of storage 15 accompanied by right information (electronic ticket). However, if right gateway 100a has an information database pertaining to content controller 14 and storage 15, it suffices to transmit their respective ID's alone.
Then, making reference to capacity information 220 and 210 and right information A, based on conversion policy, right gateway 100a converts the right information (electronic ticket) according to need and transmits the conversion result to content controller 14 as right information B. This right information (electronic ticket) B will be stored in storage 15.
Specific examples of right information (electronic ticket) conversion that takes place in right gateway 100a include the following.
For example, provided that an electronic ticket that is provided with term and can be used how many ever times within the provided term is to be sent to a content controller and storage incapable of term management, the right information (electronic ticket) will be converted to an one time use ticket and helper application for making a request for downloading another electronic ticket after the use of the ticket.
On the other hand, provided that place where electronic tickets can be used is prescribed, and when an electronic ticket is to be distributed to a content controller and storage with which no limitation can be set with respect to place, the right information (electronic ticket) with place limitation will be converted to an helper application that will issue a request for downloading the electronic ticket upon moving to a valid place and transmitted.
Such helper application can be transmitted either apart from right information or as a part of right information.
Then, right gateway 100a receives an electronic ticket obtaining request based on helper application from content controller 14, and, if this request is a legitimate one, transmits appropriate right information (there are cases where content information is attached) to content controller 14.
Thus, with an electronic ticket service system with an intervening right gateway, it is possible to expand the range of equipment that enable the purchase of electronic ticket and to broaden the types of electronic tickets in electronic ticket services.
A case has been described above with the present embodiment where the condition of use of content is provided in respect to the term of use and the number of times of use. However, the condition of use can be provided in various perspectives such as follows:
Copy prohibition
The number of operation times (playback times, display times, print times, copy times, etc.)
The minimum time counted as one time (how much time should pass from start to be counted as one time)
Date specification (start date/time and end date/time)
Time since playback/display started
Cumulative time of content use
Time from issue of license
Time from receipt of license
From receipt of license to receipt of end (of license) command
Specification of time zone (for example, morning, 10:00-15:00)
Prohibited while in moving/Use allowed only while in move
Location (school, home, specific location)
Age
Sex
List of commodity owned
Use history
Sound quality, image quality
However, the provision of the condition of use pertaining to the weather, temperature, location, and personal identification are possible only in the presence of relevant detection means. Examples are as follows:
Also, a case has been described above with the present embodiment as a specific example of conversion of condition of use (license conversion) where term limitation is converted to limitation on the number of times; nevertheless, license conversion such as follows is also possible:
<Conversion From Term to Number of Times>
the number of content pages will decrease;
there will be fewer characters;
license will be required for every paragraph (content section) or for every location;
license will be required for each place (location);
(a) if it does not count as one time unless playback/display reaches the end, the number of times will decrease;
(b) if even one second of playback/display counts one time, the number of times will increase;
<Conversion From Term to Term>
Furthermore, right conversion is possible depending on the condition upon use of electronic tickets. Specific examples of such condition include the following:
1) Whether or Not User Authentication is Performed Upon Use of Ticket
Types of user authentication include, for example, PIN (Personal Identifier Number) and biological authentication. Normally a four digit number is input for a PIN, however, security improves in correlation with the number of digits. There are cases where biological authentication is more secure than PIN, and of biological authentication, generally, iris authentication is credited higher security than fingerprint authentication. Conversion may take on different forms depending on the presence/absence of such user authentication or depending on the means of user authentication in the presence thereof.
2) Communication Path Security Level
For instance, Bluetooth itself has communication path security functions, the infrared ray has no functions pertaining to secure communication. As thus described, it is possible to modify conversion depending on the presence/absence of communication path security functions.
3) Operability
For example, the communication time is short in the touch-and-go service of the IC card, and this makes the likelihood that processing ends in error high. In contrast, the communication distance is long with Bluetooth and the infrared ray, which can well accommodate the lengthened communication time due to retransmission processing and such, an the likelihood of error is low. Also, in cases of communication that involves contact with the IC card, the user cannot move device until processing is complete, thereby making the likelihood of error low. As described thus, conversion is subject to variation depending on whether or not the communication path with a low likelihood of error occurrence during operation is used.
By thus subjecting right conversion to variation depending on the conditions upon use of an electronic ticket, it is possible to change the right conversion method in a favorable way to the user, provided that the user's terminal meets the condition for the use of the ticket required by the ticket issuer. User distinction is thus possible.
Consistent in the above is that right is converted in consideration of the communication means (for example, Bluetooth, infrared ray, non-contact) used upon the collection of electronic ticket.
That is, even when the types of electronic tickets are the same, there are cases where the communication means upon use of the tickets vary depending on the user terminal. Possible communication means here include Bluetooth, infrared ray, non-contact, as well as other forms of wireless communication. When the security level varies depending on communication means, right conversion is subjected to variation in accordance with the communication means.
Now, explanation will be given regarding the features (advantages and disadvantages) of Bluetooth, infrared ray, and non-contact.
Features of Bluetooth include that (1) it has security for theft prevention as a communication standard; (2) the communication distance is long and processing, although time-demanding, can finish correctly; and (3) it has no directivity and accordingly there is, for instance, no need to turn the terminal in a certain direction.
Features of the infrared ray include that (1) it has no security for theft prevention as a communication standard; and (2) it has directivity.
Features of non-contact include that (1) given short communication distance, errors increase when processing is time-demanding; (2) it attempts to finish processing in short time (as in “touch-and-go”), which results in increased errors; and (3) since it is designed for services with short-term processing (such as “touch-and-go”), there are systems that even lack user authentication such as password input, and in such systems, unless the user is requested to input a password upon use, the user will be able to use a ticket in a device that he has picked up somewhere (that he does not own).
Since the above-noted features can be advantages and disadvantages depending on the situation, various changes to accommodate respective services need to be made upon actual application.
For example, when a limit on term is to be changed to a limit on the number of times, conversion will be performed in a way that will increase the number of times, with respect to terminals that support more secure communication means as the communication path at the time tickets are used, and on the other hand, in case of insecure communication path, conversion will be performed in such a way that will decrease the number of times (for instance, one-use tickets). By this means, distinction can be made between services. Consequently, users that have more secure devices can save trouble, and the service operator side can control services in such a way as to reduce errors during operation.
To be more specific, where there is mobile terminal A in which ticket application A is implemented that has management functions for limitation by term and limitation by the number of times and yet this mobile terminal A supports only non-contact for communication means for ticket collection processing, given the insecure communication path, tickets valid for several times of use will not be distributed and will be transmitted only after conversion to tickets with term limitation or for one time use. In contrast to this, where there is mobile terminal B with the identical ticket application A and this mobile terminal B supports Bluetooth for communication means for ticket collection processing, given the secure communication path, tickets valid for several times of use will be distributed. In other words, given that tickets valid for several times of use are expensive, relevant services will be allowed only on the conditions of secure communication path.
Furthermore, where there is mobile terminal C in which ticket application B is implemented that has management functions as to the number of times and this mobile terminal C supports only non-contact as communication means for ticket collection processing, given the insecure communication path, tickets will be distributed with moderate limitation on the maximum number of times (for instance, maximum number of times=500). In contrast, where there is mobile terminal D in which the identical ticket application B is implemented and this mobile terminal D supports Bluetooth as communication means for ticket collection processing, given the secure communication path, tickets will be described with expanded limitation on the maximum number of times (for instance, maximum number of times=1000).
In addition, it is possible to subject right conversion to variation depending on whether a storage device has PIN input functions.
As made clear in the above explanation, according to the present invention, even under the conditions where limitations on use intended to protect the copyright of content have diversified and the production of equipment and recording mediums provided with various DRM functions compatible therewith is in progress, it is possible to expand the types of equipment and recording mediums and thus promote the use of content without causing damage to the copyright of the content.
In addition, without limit to distribution services for music and such, it is possible to enhance the convenience of systems such as electronic ticket services and thus promote the use of such on-line services.
On the other hand, content creators will be free from the trouble of setting the condition of use in consideration of DRM functions of respective types of content-use equipment.
On portal pages used to purchase content, only such content will be displayed that can be used with the user's equipment, thereby removing the threat of purchasing wrong content that the user cannot use.
Furthermore, the system can provide useful advice when the user makes a purchase of new content use equipment and recording mediums.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various variations and modifications may be possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No.2001-366930 filed on Nov. 30, 2001 and Japanese Patent Application No.2002-326067 filed on Nov. 8, 2002, entire content of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
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