The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-304822, filed Nov. 28, 2008, is incorporated herein by reference.
The technology herein relates to an information processing apparatus and a computer readable storage medium; and more specifically to an information processing apparatus and a computer readable storage medium which are capable of causing a character object displayed on a display apparatus to move in response to a user operation.
Conventionally, a game that uses a combination of input means operated by hand and input means operated by foot has been known.
For example, patent document 1 (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-49117) discloses an information processing apparatus that includes a hand input unit having an inclination sensor, and mat unit having a foot switch. According to this information processing apparatus, the hand input unit is operated by hand and the mat unit is operated by a foot stepping motion.
Furthermore, non-patent document 1 (Nintendo Co., Ltd. “Aerobic exercise: Rhythm boxing”, search result of Oct. 27, 2008, internet URL: www.nintendo.co.jp/wii/rfnj/training/aerobics/aerobics07.html) discloses a game apparatus that includes a controller with a built-in acceleration sensor, and a board having a built-in load sensor. According to this game apparatus, the controller is operated by being held in hand, and the board is operated by placing a foot thereon.
However, according to the invention in patent document 1, a way of holding the hand input unit by a player is judged whether it is identical to a way of holding the hand input unit by a motion instructing character displayed on a screen, based on inclination information from the inclination sensor. And if the hand input unit is held by the player in a wrong direction, an instruction is given to the player to correct the way of holding. As a result, there is a problem in which only an operation instructed in the screen is allowed, and there is a small degree of freedom for operation. Furthermore, patent document 1 discloses, for the operation of a foot switch provided within the mat unit using the left and the right foot placed on the mat unit, a disposition of two foot-switches ([0026]), or four foot-switches in a straight line ([0162], FIG. 31). However, only on or off of the foot switches is detected, and there is a small range of detectable values. The invention in patent document 1 does not provide a sensor that detects a load, and does not cause the character to conduct a variety of motions in response to a large range of load values detected by the sensor.
Furthermore, according to the invention in non-patent document 1, a player moves the hand-held controller in a predetermined direction as if throwing a punch, following a motion by a trainer displayed on a screen, thus, only the predetermined operation instructed on the screen is allowed and cannot cause the character to conduct a variety of motions in response to motions of the controller, therefore, the invention in non-patent document 1 has a small degree of freedom. Additionally, the foot operation on the board is one that moves a predetermined foot off the board following a motion by the trainer displayed on the screen, thus, only the predetermined operation is allowed, therefore the invention in non-patent document 1 has a small degree of freedom.
Hence, an objective of certain example embodiments is to provide an information processing apparatus and a computer readable storage medium, which are capable of achieving a diverse and complicated operation intuitively, by having operating means that detects motion and operating means that detects load.
Furthermore, another objective of certain example embodiments is to provide a game apparatus and a computer readable storage medium, which are highly entertaining when played.
In order to achieve at least one of the above objectives, the following configuration is adopted in certain example embodiments. Reference numerals in parenthesis and supplementary explanations merely describe one instance of a correspondence relationship with later-described embodiments, in order to help in their understanding and do not limit the scope of the current invention in any way.
In certain example embodiments, an information processing apparatus includes: a display apparatus (34), first operating means (70), second operating means (76), third operating means (36), display control means (40), first attitude calculation means (40, S27), second attitude calculation means (40, S47), load detection means (36b), first motion instructing means (40, S11), second motion instructing means (40, S12), and third motion instructing means (40, S13). The display control means displays a character object on the display apparatus. The first attitude calculation means calculates the attitude of the first operating means. The second attitude calculation means calculates the attitude of the second operating means. The load detection means detects a load applied to the third operating means. The first motion instructing means causes the character object to conduct one or more motions among a plurality of motions, in response to the attitude of the first operating means calculated by the first attitude calculation means. The second motion instructing means causes the character object to conduct one or more motions among a plurality of motions, in response to the attitude of the second operating means calculated by the second attitude calculation means. The third motion instructing means causes the character object to conduct one or more motions among a plurality of motions, in response to a load applied to the third operating means and detected by the load detection means.
With this, it is possible for a user (operator) to cause the character object to conduct a variety of motions intuitively, by having the user (operator) incline the first operating means and the second operating means, and apply a load to the third operating means.
The first attitude calculation means may calculate an inclination direction of the first operating means based on a value obtained from an acceleration sensor (701) built into the first operating means. The second attitude calculation means may calculate an inclination direction of the second operating means based on a value obtained from an acceleration sensor (761) built into the second operating means. The first motion instructing means may cause the character object to conduct two different motions in each of the following cases: when the inclination direction of the first operating means is an inclination direction about a first axis, and when the inclination direction is about a second axis which is different from the inclination direction about the first axis. The second motion instructing means may cause the character object to conduct two different motions in each of the following cases: when the inclination direction of the second operating means is an inclination direction about a third axis, and when the inclination direction is about a fourth axis which is different from the inclination direction about the third axis.
With this, it is possible for the user to cause the character object to conduct a variety of motions intuitively.
The load detection means may have at least three load sensors (36b), and the third motion instructing means may cause the character object to conduct two different motions in each of the cases, when a load value detected by the load sensor is in a first state and when the load value detected by the load sensor is in a second state.
With this, it is possible for the user to cause the character object to conduct a variety of motions intuitively.
The load detection means: may have at least three load sensors (36b), and the third motion instructing means may select at least one group that includes at least one load sensor among the at least three load sensors (e.g. a group that consists of two load sensors positioned on the right side of the player, or a group that consists of two load sensors positioned on the left side of the player); may calculate, a sum of load values detected by the load sensors included in each group; and may control a fourth motion of the character object (S65, S69) based on at least one sum of load values of a group. The third motion instructing means may further select, among the at least three load sensors, at least one other group which is different from the above described group (e.g. a group that consists of two load sensors positioned in front of the player, or a group that consists of two load sensors positioned in the back of the player); may calculate each sum of load values detected by the load sensors included in each of the selected groups; and may control a fifth motion of the character object (S76), which is a motion different from the fourth motion, based on at least one sum of a selected groups.
With this, it is possible for the user to cause the character object to conduct a variety of motions intuitively. Especially, by using the third operating means, at least two types of motion instructions can be inputted simultaneously.
At least one among the first attitude calculation means, the second attitude calculation means, or the load detection means may cause the character object to conduct another additional motion as a result of a combination of operation buttons (B button of
With this, the user can conduct further diverse and complicated operations.
A motion conducted by the first motion instructing means may be a motion associated with a first part (right hand) of the character object, a motion conducted by the second motion instructing means may be a motion associated with a second part (left hand) of the character object, and a motion conducted by the third motion instructing means may be a motion associated with a third part (foot) of the character object.
With this, the user can control a complicated motion of the character object easily and intuitively by using the first operating means, the second operating means, and the third operating means.
The first operating means may be operated by the right hand of the player, the second operating means may be operated by the left hand of the player, and the third operating means may be operated by a foot of the player. Furthermore, the first motion instructing means may be associated with a motion of the right hand of the character object, the second motion instructing means may be associated with a motion of the left hand of the character object, and the third motion instructing means may be associated with a motion of a foot of the character object.
With this, the user can operate the character object intuitively since the character object moves in coordination with an actual movement by the user.
The information processing apparatus may further include: first compensation means for compensating the attitude of the first operating means calculated by the first attitude calculation means, in response to a load applied to the third operating means and detected by the load detection means; and second compensation means for compensating the attitude of the second operating means calculated by the second attitude calculation means, in response to a load applied to the third operating means and detected by the load detection means.
With this, it is possible for an input operation to be as intended by the user, by taking into consideration the body position of the user.
The information processing apparatus may further include third compensation means for compensating a load applied to the third operating means and detected in a detection result of the load detection means, in response to an attitude calculated by the first attitude calculation means and/or the second attitude calculation means.
With this, it is possible for an input operation intended by the user, by taking into consideration of the body position of the user.
In certain example embodiments, an information processing apparatus includes the display apparatus (34), the first operating means (70), the second operating means (76), and the third operating means (36). In certain example embodiments, a computer readable storage medium is a storage medium that stores a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer (40) that is a part of the information processing apparatus to function as the display control means (40), the first attitude calculation means (40, S27), the second attitude calculation means (40, S47), the load detection means (40, S60), the first motion instructing means (40, S11), the second motion instructing means (40, S12), and the third motion instructing means (40, S13).
The display control means (40) displays the character object on the display apparatus. The first attitude calculation means calculates the attitude of the first operating means. The second attitude calculation means calculates the attitude of the second operating means. The load detection means detects a load applied to the third operating means. The first motion instructing means causes the character object to conduct at least one motion among a plurality of motions, in response to the attitude of the first operating means calculated by the first attitude calculation means. The second motion instructing means causes the character object to conduct at least one motion among a plurality of motions, in response to the attitude of the second operating means calculated by the second attitude calculation means. The third motion instructing means causes the character object to conduct at least one motion among a plurality of motions, in response to a load applied to the third operating means and detected by the load detection means.
With this, the user can cause the character object to conduct a variety of motions intuitively, by inclining the first operating means and the second operating means, and by applying load to the third operating means.
In certain example embodiments, the user can cause the character object to conduct a variety of motions intuitively.
The objective described above, other objectives, characteristics, and advantages, of certain example embodiments may become known when taken in conjuction with the following detailed description and drawings.
These and other features and advantages may be better and more completely understood by reference to the following detailed description of exemplary illustrative embodiments in conjunction with the drawings, of which:
As shown in
The game apparatus 12 includes a housing 14 which is parallelepiped shaped, and a disk slot 16 is provided on the front surface of the housing 14. An optical disc 18, which is one example of an information storage medium that stores a game program and the like, is inserted through the disk slot 16, and the optical disc 18 is mounted on a disk drive 54 (refer
Furthermore, on the front surface of the housing 14 of the game apparatus 12, a power button 20a and a reset button 20b are provided on the upper section, and an eject button 20c is provided on the lower section. Moreover, an external memory card connector cover 28 is provided in between the reset button 20b and the eject button 20c in proximity of the disk slot 16. An external memory card connector 62 (refer
A generic SD memory card may be used as the memory card, however, other generic memory cards such as a memory stick and a multimedia card (registered trademark) may also be used.
An AV connector 58 (refer
Power for the game apparatus 12 is provided from a general AC adaptor (not shown). The AC adaptor is plugged into a standard household wall socket, and the game apparatus 12 converts the household power (commercial power) into a low DC voltage signal suitable for driving the game apparatus 12. A battery may be used as a power source in another embodiment.
With regard to this game system 10, the user first turns on the power of the game apparatus 12 in order for the user or the player to play a game (or other applications instead of a game); and then the user selects, as appropriate, an optical disc 18 in which a video game program is recorded (or another application desired to be played), resulting in the loading of the optical disc 18 onto the disk drive 54 of the game apparatus 12. Consequently, the game apparatus 12 starts executing the video game or another application based on a program recorded on the optical disc 18. The user operates a controller 7 in order to provide input to the game apparatus 12. The controller 7 includes a core unit 70, a subunit 76, and a connection cable 79, and the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 are connected to each other with the connection cable 79. For example, the user can start a game or another application by operating a specific operation button provided on the core unit 70. Furthermore, other than by operating the operation button, the user can cause an animated object (player object) to move in a different direction, or change the user's viewpoint (camera position) within the 3D game world, by moving the core unit 70 or the subunit 76 themselves.
The external main memory 46 is used: for storing programs such as a game program and the like; for storing various data; and as a work area and a buffer area of the CPU 40. The ROM/RTC 48, which is a so-called boot ROM, is incorporated with a program in order to start up the game apparatus 12. The ROM/RTC 48 is also provided with a clock circuit for counting time. The disk drive 54 reads out a program data, a texture data, or the like from the optical disc 18; and writes these data onto a later described internal main memory 42e or an external main memory 46, under a control of the CPU 40.
An input/output processor 42a, a GPU (Graphics Processor Unit) 42b, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) 42c, a VRAM 42d, and the internal main memory 42e, are provided to the system LSI 42. Although not shown, these components are connected to each other by an internal bus.
The input/output processor (I/O processor) 42a executes transmission and reception of a data, and also executes download of a data. Transmission and reception, and download of data are described in detail below.
The GPU 42b forms a part of drawing means, and upon receiving a graphics command (drawing generation order) from the CPU 40, follows the command and generates a game image data. In addition to the graphics command, the CPU 40 also provides the GPU 42b with an image-generating program necessary for generating the game image data.
Although not shown, the VRAM 42d is connected to the GPU 42b as described above. The GPU 42b accesses the VRAM 42d in order to acquire a data (an image data which is a data such as a polygon data and a texture data) necessary for the GPU 42b to execute the drawing generation order. The CPU 40 writes the image data necessary for drawing onto the VRAM 42d via the GPU 42b. The GPU 42b forms a game image data by accessing the VRAM 42d.
In this embodiment, a case is described in which the GPU 42b generates the game image data. However, in a case in which an arbitrary application other than a game application is executed, the GPU 42b generates an image data for the arbitrary application.
Furthermore, the DSP 42c functions as an audio processor, and generates an audio data that corresponds to a sound, an audio, and a music, which are then to be outputted from the speaker 34a. The generation of the audio data by the DSP 42c is conducted by using a sound data and a sound waveform (tone) data, which are stored in the internal main memory 42e and the external main memory 46.
As described above, the generated game image data and audio data are read by the AV IC 56, and are outputted from the monitor 34 and the speaker 34a via the AV connector 58. Therefore, a game screen is displayed on the monitor 34, and a sound (music) necessary for the game is outputted from the speaker 34a.
Furthermore, connected to the input/output processor 42a are: the flash memory 44, a wireless communication module 50, and a wireless controller module 52. Additionally, an expansion connector 60 and the external memory card connector 62 are also connected to the input/output processor 42a. Moreover, an antenna 50a is connected to the wireless communication module 50, and the antenna 52a is connected to the wireless controller module 52.
The input/output processor 42a can communicate, via the wireless communication module 50, with other game apparatuses and various servers connected to a network. However, the input/output processor 42a can also communicate directly with other game apparatuses without going through the network. The input/output processor 42a periodically accesses the flash memory 44, and detects whether a data (transmission data) that needs to be transmitted to the network exists or not, and if there is such a transmission data, this transmission data is transmitted to the network via the wireless communication module 50 and the antenna 50a. Furthermore, the input/output processor 42a receives a data (received data) transmitted from other game apparatuses via, the network, the antenna 50a, and the wireless communication module 50; and stores the received data onto the flash memory 44. However, there are cases in which the received data is discarded without being stored. Furthermore, the input/output processor 42a receives data (download data) downloaded from a download server via the network, the antenna 50a, and the wireless communication module 50; and stores the download data onto the flash memory 44.
Moreover, the input/output processor 42a receives an input data transmitted from the controller 7 and the load controller 36 via the antenna 52a and the wireless controller module 52; and (temporary) stores the input data onto a buffer area of the internal main memory 42e or the external main memory 46. The input data is erased from the buffer area after being used by a game process of the CPU 40.
As described above, in this embodiment, the wireless controller module 52 communicates with the controller 7 and the load controller 36 in accordance with Bluetooth (registered trademark) standard.
Furthermore, for convenience of the drawings, the controller 7 and the load controller 36 are both drawn in
Moreover, the expansion connector 60 and the external memory card connector 62 are connected to the input/output processor 42a. The expansion connector 60 is a connector for an interface, such as USB or SCSI, and can connect to a medium such as an external storage medium, and can also connect to peripheral devices such as other controllers. Furthermore, a LAN cable adaptor may be connected to the expansion connector 60, and this LAN cable adaptor may be used instead of the wireless communication module 50. An external storage medium such as a memory card may be connected to the external memory card connector 62. Therefore, for example, the input/output processor 42a can access the external storage medium via the expansion connector 60 and the external memory card connector 62; and can save data to, or read data from the external storage medium.
Although not described in detail, the power button 20a, the reset button 20b, and the eject button 20c, are disposed on the game apparatus 12 (housing 14) as shown in
Although power is provided to the system LSI 42 even in the stand-by mode; electricity consumption is reduced by not providing a clock signal to the GPU 42b, the DSP 42c, and the VRAM 42d, and by preventing these components from driving.
Although not shown, a fan is provided inside the housing 14 of the game apparatus 12, in order to discharge heat generated from ICs such as the CPU 40 and the system LSI 42. The fan is also stopped in the stand-by mode.
However, when the user does not intend to use the stand-by mode, by applying a setting that does not use the stand-by mode, supply of power to all circuit components is completely terminated when the power button 20a is turned off.
Furthermore, switching between the normal mode and the stand-by mode can also be conducted through remote operation by switching on/off a power switch 72h (refer
The reset button 20b is also connected to the system LSI 42. When the reset button 20b is pressed, the system LSI 42 restarts a start-up program of the game apparatus 12. The eject button 20c is connected to the disk drive 54. When the eject button 20c is pressed, the optical disc 18 is discharged from the disk drive 54.
<Controller 7>
The controller 7 will be described below with reference to
As shown in
A connector 791 provided at one end of the connection cable 79, and the other end of the connection cable 79 is statically connected to the subunit 76. The connector 791 of the connection cable 79 is engaged with the connector 73 (refer
The core unit 70 includes a housing 71 formed, for example, by plastic molding. The housing 71 has a parallelepiped shape, and has an overall size small enough for being held by one hand of an adult or a child.
A cross key 72a, which is direction instructing means, is provided on the front surface of the housing 71. This cross key 72a is a cross-shaped four-directional push switch. Operation sections are disposed on each of the four projecting portions of the cross-shape at 90° intervals, and each of the four operation sections corresponds to four directions (up, down, right, and left). By having the player hold down one operation section of the cross key 72a, either one direction of, up, down, right, or left, is selected. For example, by operating the cross key 72a, the player can give an instruction about a moving direction of a player character or the like that appears in a virtual game world, or give an instruction about a moving direction of a cursor. A joystick, which is capable of giving instructions in a 360° range direction, may be provided instead of the cross key 72a.
A plurality of operation buttons 72b to 72g are provided on the side toward the bottom surface from the cross key 72a, on the front surface of the housing 71. The operation buttons 72b to 72g are operation sections that output operation signals assigned to each of the operation buttons 72b to 72g, by having the player hold down a button head section. For example, functions such as a No. 1 button, a No. 2 button, and an A button, are assigned to operation buttons 72b to 72d, respectively. Furthermore, functions such as a minus button, a home button, and a plus button, are assigned to operation buttons 72e to 72g, respectively. Various functions are assigned to these operation buttons 72b to 72g depending on a game program executed by the game apparatus 12.
Furthermore, the power switch 72h is provided on the side toward the upper surface from the cross key 72a, on the front surface of the housing 71. The power switch 72h is an operation section for turning on/off the power of the game apparatus 12 by remote control.
Moreover, a plurality of LEDs 702 are provided on the side toward the bottom surface from the operation button 72c, on the front surface of the housing 71. Here, a controller 7 is provided with a controller type (number) in order to be distinguished from other controllers 7. In one instance, the LEDs 702 are used to notify the player about the above described controller type currently assigned to a controller 7. Specifically, among the plurality of LEDs 702, an LED that corresponds to the controller type lights up, when a transmission data is transmitted from the core unit 70 to the game apparatus 12.
Furthermore, sound holes are formed on the front surface of the housing 71 in between the operation button 72b and the operation button 72f, in order to release outwards a sound that originated from a later described speaker 706 (refer
Additionally, an operation button (not shown) is provided on the rear surface of the housing 71 in a position where an index finger or a middle finger of the player is positioned when the core unit 70 is held by the player. This operation button is an operation section that functions as, for example, a B button; and used, for example, as a trigger switch in a shooting game.
Furthermore, an image pickup device 743 (refer
An internal structure of the core unit 70 will be described below with reference to
As shown in
On the other hand, the imaging information calculation section 74 and the connector 73 are attached to a lower main surface of the substrate 700.
The subunit 76 will be described below with reference to
As shown in
A stick 78a, which is direction instructing means, is provided on the front surface of the housing 77. The stick 78a is an operation section, and by tilting down the stick which projects out from the front surface of the housing 77 and is capable of being tilted down, the stick outputs an operation signal in response to the direction where the stick is tilted down. For example, by tilting down the stick tip to an arbitrary direction chosen from a 360° range, the player can point to an arbitrary direction or position; and can give an instruction about a moving direction of a player character or the like that appears in a virtual game world, or give instructions about a moving direction of a cursor. A cross key may be provided instead of the stick 78a.
Operation buttons 78d and 78e are provided on the upper surface of the housing 77 of the subunit 76 (refer
As shown in
An internal configuration of the controller 7 will be described below with reference to
As shown in
The imaging information calculation section 74 includes: an infrared filter 741, a lens 742, an image pickup device 743, and an image processing circuit 744.
Among the incoming light from the upper surface of the core unit 70, only infrared light is allowed to pass through the infrared filter 741. The lens 742 converges the infrared light that is transmitted through the infrared filter 741, and outputs the converged infrared light toward the image pickup device 743. The image pickup device 743 is a solid image pickup element, for example, such as a CMOS sensor or a CCD, and takes an image of the infrared light that is converged by the lens 742. Therefore, the image pickup device 743 generates an image data by imaging only the infrared light that passed through the infrared filter 741. The image data generated by the image pickup device 743 is processed by the image processing circuit 744. Specifically, the image processing circuit 744: processes the image data obtained from the image pickup device 743; senses areas of the image which have high brightness; and outputs, a process result data indicating a detection result of positional coordination and area size of such areas, to the communication section 75. The imaging information calculation section 74 is fixed on the housing 71 of the core unit 70, and the imaging direction of the imaging information calculation section 74 can be altered by changing the direction of the housing 71 itself. A signal in response to the position and the motion of the core unit 70 can be obtained based on the process result data outputted from this imaging information calculation section 74.
In the current embodiment, the core unit 70 includes the acceleration sensor 701. Here, the core unit 70 preferably includes an acceleration sensor 701 adapted for three axes orthogonal to each other (X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of
As understood by anyone skilled in the art, such acceleration detection means that is used in acceleration sensors 701 and 761 can only sense acceleration (linear acceleration) along a straight line which corresponds to each axis of the acceleration sensor. Thus, direct outputs from the acceleration sensors 701 and 761 are signals indicating linear acceleration (static or dynamic) along each axis. Therefore, the acceleration sensors 701 and 761 cannot directly sense physical properties such as a motion along a non-linear (e.g. circular arc shape) pathway, a rotation, a rotational motion, an angular displacement, the inclination, the position, the attitude, and the like.
However, by reading the description in this specification, anyone skilled in the art can easily understand that additional information related to the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 can be presumed or calculated by additionally processing acceleration signals outputted from each of the acceleration sensors 701 and 761. For example, when a static acceleration (gravitational acceleration) is sensed, inclinations against the gravity vector for each of the objects (core unit 70 and subunit 76) can be presumed from a calculation using, an inclination angle and the sensed acceleration, which are both obtained by outputs from the acceleration sensors 701 and 761. As described above, inclinations, attitudes and positions of the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 can be determined by using a combination of the acceleration sensors 701 and 761 and the microcomputer 751 (or another processor). Similarly, when the core unit 70 having the acceleration sensor 701, and the subunit 76 having the acceleration sensor 761, for example, are accelerated dynamically by the user's hands, the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 can calculate or presume their various motions and/or positions, by processing each of the acceleration signals generated by the acceleration sensors 701 and 761. In an alternate embodiment, the acceleration sensors 701 and 761 each may include an embedded signal processing apparatus or another type of process apparatus for, before outputting a signal to the microcomputer 751, conducting a desired process on the acceleration signal outputted from the built-in acceleration detection means. For example, when the acceleration sensor is designed for detecting a static acceleration (e.g. gravitational acceleration), the embedded or dedicated process apparatus may be designed for converting sensed acceleration signals into each corresponding inclination angle. Data that represent accelerations sensed by the acceleration sensors 701 and 761 are outputted to the communication section 75.
The communication section 75 includes: the microcomputer 751, a memory 752, a wireless module 753, and the antenna 754. The microcomputer 751 controls the wireless module 753 which wirelessly transmits a transmission data, by using the memory 752 as a storage area during processing. Furthermore, the microcomputer 751 controls a behavior of the sound IC 707 in response to a data from the game apparatus 12 received by the wireless module 753 via the antenna 754. The sound IC 707 processes a sound data and the like transmitted from the game apparatus 12 via the communication section 75.
Operation signals (core key data) from the operation sections 72 provided in the core unit 70, an acceleration signal (core acceleration data) from the acceleration sensor 701, and a process result data from the imaging information calculation section 74, are outputted to the microcomputer 751. Furthermore, operation signals (sub key data) from the operation sections 78 provided in the subunit 76, and an acceleration signal (sub acceleration data) from the acceleration sensor 761, are outputted to the microcomputer 751 via the connection cable 79. The microcomputer 751 temporarily stores each of the inputted data (core key data, sub key data, core acceleration data, sub acceleration data, and process result data) onto the memory 752 as a transmission data to be transmitted to the game apparatus 12. A wireless transmission from the communication section 75 to the game apparatus 12 is conducted periodically at a predetermined time interval. Since a game process is generally conducted at a cycle unit of 1/60 sec., it is necessary to collect and transmit data in a shorter cycle unit. Specifically, a process unit of the game is 16.7 ms ( 1/60 sec.), and a transmission interval of the communication section 75 that adopts Bluetooth (registered trademark) is 5 ms. At the time of transmitting to the game apparatus 12, the microcomputer 751 outputs, the transmission data stored in the memory 752 as a series of operation information, to the wireless module 753. Then, the wireless module 753 modulates a carrier wave having a predetermined frequency by using the operation information; and radiates the resultant weak radio signal from the antenna 754; based on, for example, Bluetooth (registered trademark) technology. Thus, the core key data provided to the core unit 70 from the operation sections 72; the sub key data provided to the subunit 76 from the operation sections 78; the core acceleration data provided to the core unit 70 from the acceleration sensor 701; the sub acceleration data provided to the subunit 76 from the acceleration sensor 761; and the process result data provided from the imaging information calculation section 74; are all outputted as a weak radio signal from the core unit 70. Then, the weak radio signal is received by the wireless controller module 52 of the game apparatus 12, and the weak radio signal is demodulated and decoded in the game apparatus 12. This is how the CPU 40 of the game apparatus 12 can acquire the series of operation information (core key data, sub key data, core acceleration data, sub acceleration data, and process result data). Then, the CPU 40 of the game apparatus 12 conducts a game process based on, the acquired operation information and the game program. When Bluetooth (registered trademark) technology is adopted to the communication section 75, the communication section 75 may also include a function for receiving a transmission data that is wirelessly transmitted from other devices.
<Load Controller 36>
The platform 36a has a parallelepiped form, and the top-down perspective of the platform 36a is a rectangular shape. For example, the short side of the rectangle is set to be approximately 30 cm, and the long side is set to be approximately 50 cm. The upper surface of the platform 36a where the player stands on is flat. Side surfaces around the four corners of the platform 36a are formed such that they partially extend out cylindrically.
The four load sensors 36b are disposed to this platform 36a with predetermined intervals between each other. In this embodiment, the four load sensors 36b are disposed in marginal sections, more specifically in the four corners, of the platform 36a. The intervals between the load sensors 36b are set to a value that is appropriate for detecting a player's intention for game operation with excellent precision, based on the way the player applies a load against the platform 36a.
The supporting plate 360 includes: an upper-layer plate 360a which forms the upper surface and the upper sections of side surfaces; a lower-layer plate 360b which forms the lower surface and lower sections of side surfaces; a mid-layer plate 360c which is provided in between the upper-layer plate 360a and the lower-layer plate 360b. The upper-layer plate 360a and the lower-layer plate 360b are formed, for example, by plastic molding; and the two are combined into one by adhesion and the like. The mid-layer plate 360c is formed, for example, by press molding a single layer metal plate. This mid-layer plate 360c is fixed on top of the four load sensors 36b. The upper-layer plate 360a includes ribs (not shown) in a grid pattern on its lower surface, and the upper-layer plate 360a is supported by the mid-layer plate 360c via these ribs. Therefore, when the player stands on the platform 36a, the load is transferred to the supporting plate 360, the load sensor 36b, and the support legs 362. As shown in
The load sensor 36b is, for example, a strain gauge (strain sensor) type load cell, which is a load converter that converts an inputted load into an electrical signal. In the load sensor 36b, in response to a load input, an elastic body 370a deforms and a deformation is generated. This deformation is converted into a change in electrical resistance by a strain sensor 370b attached to the elastic body 370a, and then converted into a change in voltage. As a result, the load sensor 36b outputs, a voltage signal that represents the input load, from an output terminal.
The load sensor 36b may be a load sensor of other types, such as a tuning fork type, a vibrating wire type, an electrostatic capacitance type, a piezoelectric type, a magnetostrictive type, and a gyro type.
As shown in
The block diagram in
The load controller 36 includes a microcomputer 100 for controlling the behavior of the load controller 36. Although not shown, the microcomputer 100 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like; and the CPU controls the behavior of the load controller 36 in accordance with a program stored on the ROM.
The power button 36c, an AD converter 102, a DC-DC converter 104, and a wireless module 106, are connected to the microcomputer 100. Furthermore, an antenna 106a is connected to the wireless module 106. Additionally, the four load sensors 36b (load cells in this embodiment) are connected to the AD converter 102 via an amplifier 108.
Moreover, a battery 110 is contained in the load controller 36 for supplying power. In another embodiment, a commercial power source may be provided by connecting an AC adaptor instead of the battery. In such a case, instead of the DC-DC converter 104, a power circuit, which converts alternating current into direct current, and steps down and rectifies the resulting DC voltage, is required. In this embodiment, supplying power to the microcomputer 100 and the wireless module 106 is conducted directly from the battery 110. Thus, a component (CPU) that is contained inside the microcomputer 100 as a part of it; and the wireless module 106; are constantly supplied with power, and detect whether or not a power button 36c is turned on or a power-on (load detection) command is transmitted from the game apparatus 12. On the other hand, power is supplied from the battery 110 to the load sensor 36b, AD converter 102, and the amplifier 108, via the DC-DC converter 104. The DC-DC converter 104 converts a voltage value of DC electricity supplied from the battery 110 into a different voltage value, and supplies the resulting DC electricity to the load sensor 36b, the AD converter 102, and the amplifier 108.
The supply of power to the load sensor 36b, the AD converter 102, and the amplifier 108, may be conducted if needed, by having the microcomputer 100 controlling the DC-DC converter 104. That means, when it is judged that it is necessary to activate the load sensor 36b in order to detect a load, the microcomputer 100 may control the DC-DC converter 104, and supply power to each load sensor 36b, the AD converter 102, and each amplifier 108.
When power is provided, each load sensor 36b outputs a signal indicating an inputted load. The signal is amplified at each amplifier 108, converted from an analog signal to a digital data by the AD converter 102, and is inputted into the microcomputer 100. Identification information of each load sensor 36b is given to each detected value obtained from each load sensor 36b. As a result, it is possible to identify the load sensor 36b that has produced a certain detected value. In this way, the microcomputer 100 can acquire data representing the detected load values at a certain time point from each of the four load sensors 36b.
On the other hand, when it is judged that it is not necessary to activate the load sensor 36b, which is, when it is not time for load detection, the microcomputer 100 controls the DC-DC converter 104 and terminates the supply of power to the load sensor 36b, the AD converter 102, and the amplifier 108. In this manner, since the load sensor 36b can be activated for load detection only when necessary, in the load controller 36, it is possible to suppress electricity consumption required for load detection.
A time when it is necessary for load detection is typically a time when the game apparatus 12 needs to acquire a load data. For example, when the game apparatus 12 needs load information, the game apparatus 12 transmits a load acquisition order to the load controller 36. When the microcomputer 100 receives the load acquisition order from the game apparatus 12, the microcomputer 100 controls the DC-DC converter 104, supplies power to the load sensor 36b and the like, and detects a load. On the other hand, when the microcomputer 100 is not receiving a load acquisition order from the game apparatus 12, the microcomputer 100 controls the DC-DC converter 104, and terminates the supply of power to the load sensor 36b and the like.
Alternatively, the microcomputer 100 may judge it is time for load detection every certain period of time, and may control the DC-DC converter 104. When such periodical load detection is conducted, a period information may be given from the game apparatus 12 to the microcomputer 100 of the load controller 36 at the beginning and stored, or may be stored in the microcomputer 100 in advance.
A data representing a detected value obtained from the load sensor 36b is transmitted from the microcomputer 100 to the game apparatus 12 via the wireless module 106 and the antenna 106a as an operation data (input data) of the load controller 36. For example, when load detection is conducted after receiving a load acquisition order from the game apparatus 12, after receiving a detected value data of the load sensor 36b from the AD converter 102, the microcomputer 100 transmits the detected value data to the game apparatus 12. Alternatively, the microcomputer 100 may transmit a detected value data to the game apparatus 12 every certain period of time. When a transmission cycle is longer than a detection cycle of a load; data, which includes load values detected at a plurality of detection time points before the next transmission, is transmitted.
The wireless module 106 is capable of communicating with the same wireless standard (Bluetooth (registered trademark), wireless LAN, and the like) as the wireless standard of the wireless controller module 52 of the game apparatus 12. Therefore, the CPU 40 of the game apparatus 12 can transmit a load acquisition order to the load controller 36 via the wireless controller module 52 and the like. The microcomputer 100 in the load controller 36, can receive the load acquisition order from the game apparatus 12 via the wireless module 106 and the antenna 106a, and can also transmit the input data that includes the detected load value (or calculated load value) of each load sensor 36b to the game apparatus 12.
For example, in a case of a game that is executed based on just the summation value of the four load values has detected by the four load sensors 36b, it is not necessary to determine which load sensor 36b detected each of the four load values detected by one of the four load sensors 36b. Therefore, the player can assume any position with regard to the four load sensors 36b of the load controller 36. Hence, the player can stand on the platform 36a and play the game in any position and in any direction. However, depending on the type of the game, it is necessary to identify, with regard to a player, a direction of a load value detected by each load sensor 36b, and conduct a process. Thus, depending on the type of the game, it is necessary for the positional relationship of the four load sensors 36b of the load controller 36 and the player, to be understood. In this case, for example, if the positional relationship of the four load sensors 36b and the player is established in advance, it can be assumed that the player would stand on the platform 36a to obtain the predetermined positional relationship. Typically, an established positional relationship is, a positional relationship in which two load sensors 36b exists in the front, rear, right, and left, of the player standing in the center of the platform 36a; in other words, when the player is standing in the center of the platform 36a of the load controller 36, a load sensor 36b exists in each of, the front right, the front left, the rear right, and the rear left, directions from the player. In this case and in this embodiment, since the platform 36a of the load controller 36 has a rectangular shape in a planar view, and since the power button 36c is provided on one side (long side) of the rectangle; by using this power button 36c as a marker, it can be decided in advance that the player is asked to stand on the platform 36a having the long side that has the power button 36c in a predetermined direction (forward, backward, rightward, or leftward). In this way, a load value detected by each load sensor 36b will be a load value from a predetermined direction (front right, front left, rear right, and rear left) with regard to the player. Therefore, the load controller 36 and the game apparatus 12 can understand the correspondence of each detected load value to the directions with regard to the player, based on an identification information of each load sensor 36b contained in an detected load value data, and a disposition data, which is configured (stored) in advance, indicating the position or the direction of each load sensor 36b with regard to the player. With this, it is possible to understand a player's intention of game operation, such as an operating direction, for example, forward, backward, rightward, and leftward.
The disposition of each load sensor 36b with regard to the player may be established, in an initial setting or configured while a game is being played, by a player input, instead of being established in advance. For example, since the positional relationship of each load sensor 36b with regard to the player can be specified by, displaying a screen instructing the player to stand in a predetermined direction (front left, front right, rear left, and rear right) with regard to the player, and acquiring a load value; a disposition data with this positional relationship may be generated and stored. Alternatively, a screen for selecting the disposition of the load controller 36 may be displayed on the screen of the monitor 34; and the player may be asked to select the direction where the marker (power button 36c) exists with regard to the player, by an input with the controller 7. Then, a disposition data of each load sensor 36b based on this selection may be generated and stored.
<Game Playing Method>
As described above, the inclination, the attitude, the position, and the motion (traveling motion, swinging motion, and the like), of the core unit 70 can be determined by using an output (core acceleration data) from the acceleration sensor 701 provided in the core unit 70. Thus, as a result of the player moving his/her hand that holds the core unit 70, upward, downward, rightward, leftward, and the like; the core unit 70 functions as operation input means that responds to the player's hand motion and direction. Furthermore, as described above, the inclination, the attitude, the position, and the motion (traveling motion, swinging motion, and the like) of the subunit 76 can be determined by using an output (sub acceleration data) from the acceleration sensor 761 provided in the subunit 76. Thus, as a result of the player moving his/her hand that holds the subunit 76 upward, downward, rightward, leftward, and the like; the subunit 76 functions as operation input means that responds to the player's hand motion and direction. Accordingly, motion of both hands can be inputted by having the player hold the two units, one in each hand, and operate the two units by moving both hands.
Furthermore, as described above, a player's motion such as placing or removing a foot on/from the load controller 36, or a position of the center of gravity (a position calculated by a ratio and the like, of the four load value) of a player standing on the load controller 36, can be judged, based on the four load values detected by the four load sensors 36b provided in the load controller 36. Thus, as a result of the player on the load controller 36: moving his/her center of gravity forward, backward, rightward, and leftward; standing on one foot; or tip-toeing; the load controller 36 functions as operation input means that responds to the player's foot motion. Accordingly, motion of the foot can be inputted by having the player stand on the load controller 36, and operate the load controller 36 by moving his/her foot.
A mode, in which the controller 7 and the game apparatus 12 are connected by wireless communication, is described above. However, the controller 7 and the game apparatus 12 may also be electrically connect by a cable. In this case, the cable connected to the core unit 70 is also connected to a connection terminal of the game apparatus 12.
Furthermore, among the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 which are a part of the controller 7, the communication section 75 is provided only to the core unit 70 in the description above. However, a communication section that transmits the transmission data to the game apparatus 12 via wireless transmission (or wired communication) may be provided to the subunit 76. Moreover, communication sections may be provided to both the core unit 70 and the subunit 76. For example, communication sections provided in both the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 may each wirelessly transmit transmission data to the game apparatus 12; or after the communication section 75 of the core unit 70 receives a transmission data from the communication section of the subunit 76 as a wireless transmission for the core unit 70, the communication section 75 of the core unit 70 may wirelessly transmit, the transmission data of the subunit 76 together with the transmission data of the core unit 70, to the game apparatus 12. In this case, there is no need for a connection cable 79 that electrically connect the core unit 70 and the subunit 76.
<General Outline of a Game Process>
A general outline of a game process executed by the game apparatus 12 will be described below.
An operation method for each sections of the character object will be described below with reference to
(Rotation of the Right Arm)
The player is instructed basically to hold the core unit 70 in the right hand such that the longitudinal direction of the core unit 70 is aligned with the vertical direction, and the rear surface (refer
(Extending and Retracting the Right Arm)
The player can extend and retract the character object's right arm by changing the direction of the core unit 70 (in this embodiment, tilt forward or backward). For example, as shown in
(Opening and Closing the Right Palm)
The player can open and close the character object's right palm by operating the operation sections 72 provided to the core unit 70. For example, as shown in (a) of
(Rotation of the Left Arm)
The player is instructed basically to hold the subunit 76 in the left hand such that the longitudinal direction of the subunit 76 is aligned with the vertical direction, and the rear surface (refer
(Retracting and Extending the Left Arm)
The player can extend and retract the character object's left arm by changing the direction of the subunit 76 (in this embodiment, tilt forward or backward). For example, as shown in
(Opening and Closing the Left Palm)
The player can open and close the character object's left palm by operating the operation sections 78 provided to the subunit 76. For example, as shown in (a) of
By combining the above-described operations, the player can cause the character object to grab a desired hold, and cause the character object to move upward. For example, as shown in
(Pulling Up and Putting Down a Foot)
The player can place the character object's right foot on a hold and remove the character object's right foot from the hold, by placing his/her right foot on the load controller 36 or removing his/her right foot from the load controller 36. Similarly, the player can place the character object's left foot on a hold or remove the character object's left foot from the hold, by placing his/her left foot on the load controller 36 or removing his/her left foot from the load controller 36. For example, as shown in (a) of
For example, if the player places his/her right foot on the load controller 36 when the character object's right foot is in midair, the character object places the character object's right foot on a hold that is near the right foot at that point in time.
(Extending and Retracting a Leg)
The player can retract and extend the character object's leg (right leg, left leg, or both legs) which is on a hold, by moving his/her center of gravity in the front-back direction when standing on the load controller 36. For example, as shown in (a) of
As described above, the player can lead the character object to the goal hold, by using, the controller 7 and the load controller 36, and by properly controlling the hands and feet of the character object.
(Process Details of the Game Apparatus)
Details about processes of the game apparatus 12 for achieving the above-described game will be described next.
(Main Process)
The processes of the CPU 40 executed based on the above-described game program will be described below with reference to the flowcharts in
As shown in
At step S11, the CPU 40 executes a right hand operation process. The right hand operation process is a process that controls the motion of the character object's right hand. Details of the right hand operation process will be described later.
At step S12, the CPU 40 executes a left hand operation process. The left hand operation process is a process that controls the motion of the character object's left hand. Details of the left hand operation process will be described later.
At step S13, the CPU 40 executes a foot operation process. The foot operation process is a process that controls the motion of the character object's foot. Details of the foot operation process will be described below.
At step S14, the CPU 40 judges whether to quit the game or not. The process goes back to step S11 when continuing the game, and the CPU 40 ceases the execution of the game program when quitting the game. The CPU 40 quits the game, for example, when the character object has grabbed the goal hold, or when the character object has fallen.
Only a process for determining the positions of the character object's hand and foot is shown in
(Right Hand Operation Process)
Details of the right hand operation process at step S11 in
When the right hand operation process is initiated, the CPU 40 judges whether the B button (
At step S21, the CPU 40 judges whether a hold exists in the vicinity of the character object's right hand. The process proceeds to step S22 if there is a hold in the vicinity of the character object's right hand, and if not, the process proceeds to step S24.
At step S22, the CPU 40 fixes the character object's right hand to the hold that is in the vicinity of the right hand ((b) of
At step S23, the CPU 40 turns off the operating object flag for the right hand. Then, the process proceeds to step S26.
At step S24, the CPU 40 removes the character object's right hand from a hold ((a) of
At step S25, the CPU 40 turns on the operating object flag for the right hand. Then, the process proceeds to step S26.
At step S26, the CPU 40 acquires acceleration data (each acceleration of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, detected by the acceleration sensor 701) of the core unit 70. Then, the process proceeds to step S27.
At step S27, the CPU 40 calculates θ1 in
At step S28, the CPU 40 judges whether the operating object flag for the right hand is turned on or not. If it is turned on (i.e. when the character object's right hand is not grabbing any holds), the process proceeds to step S29, and if not (i.e. when the character object's right hand is grabbing any one of the holds), the process proceeds to step S30.
At step S29, the CPU 40 determines the direction of the character object's right arm (θ2 in
At step S30, the CPU 40 judges whether θ3 calculated at step S27 is smaller than the predetermined threshold. The process proceeds to step S31 if θ3 is smaller than the predetermined threshold ((b) of
At step S31, the CPU 40 retracts the character object's right arm ((b) of
At step S32, the CPU 40 extends the character object's right arm ((a) of
(Left Hand Operation Process)
Details of the left hand operation process at step S12 in
When the left hand operation process is initiated, the CPU 40 judges whether the Z button (
At step S41, the CPU 40 judges whether a hold exists in the vicinity of the character object's left hand. The process proceeds to step S42 if there is a hold in the vicinity of the character object's left hand, and if not, the process proceeds to step S44.
At step S42, the CPU 40 fixes the character object's left hand to the hold that is in the vicinity of the character object's left hand ((b) of
At step S43, the CPU 40 turns off the operating object flag for the left hand. Then, the process proceeds to step S46.
At step S44, the CPU 40 removes the character object's left hand from a hold ((a) of
At step S45, the CPU 40 turns on the operating object flag for the left hand. Then, the process proceeds to step S46.
At step S46, the CPU 40 acquires acceleration data (each acceleration of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, detected by the acceleration sensor 761) of the subunit 76. Then, the process proceeds to step S47.
At step S47, the CPU 40 calculates θ4 in
At step S48, the CPU 40 judges whether the operating object flag for the left hand is turned on or not. If it is turned on, (i.e. when the character object's left hand is not grabbing any holds), the process proceeds to step S49, and if not, (i.e. when the character object's left hand is grabbing any one of the holds), the process proceeds to step S50.
At step S49, the CPU 40 determines the direction of the character object's left arm (θ5 in
At step S50, the CPU 40 judges whether θ6 calculated at step S47 is smaller than the predetermined threshold. The process proceeds to step S51 if θ6 is smaller than the predetermined threshold ((b) of
At step S51, the CPU 40 retracts the character object's left arm ((b) of
At step S52, the CPU 40 extends the character object's left arm ((a) of
(Foot Operation Process)
Details of the foot operation process at step S13 in
When the foot operation process is initiated, the CPU 40 acquires, at step S60, load values detected by each of the four load sensors 36b provided to the load controller 36. Then, the process proceeds to step S61.
At step S61, the CPU 40 calculates a “whole load summation value” by adding the load values of the four load sensor 36b acquired at step S60; and judges whether the whole load summation value is equal to or more than a certain value (e.g. 7 kg). Then, the process proceeds to step S65 if the whole load summation value is equal to or more than a certain value, and if not (i.e. when it is assumed that the player has both of his/her feet off the load controller 36), the process proceeds to step S62.
At step S62, the CPU 40 removes the character object's both feet from the holds. Then, the process proceeds to step S63.
At step S63 the CPU 40 turns off the operating object flag for the right foot. Then, the process proceeds to step S64.
At step S64, the CPU 40 turns off the operating object flag for the left foot. Then, the process proceeds to step S76.
At step S65, the CPU 40, calculates a “right side load summation value” by adding the load values of the two load sensors 36b positioned on the right side of the player among the load values of the four load sensor 36b acquired at step S60, and judges whether the right side load summation value is equal to or more than 80% of the whole load summation value (however, “80%” is merely one example). Then, the process proceeds to step S66 if the right side load summation value is equal to or more than 80% of the whole load summation value (i.e. a case in which it is assumed that the player is standing on the load controller 36 with just the right foot), and if not, the process proceeds to step S69.
At step S66, the CPU 40 fixes only the character object's right foot on the hold, and removes the character object's left foot from the hold. Then, the process proceeds to step S67.
At step S67, the CPU 40 turns on the operating object flag for the right foot. Then, the process proceeds to step S68.
At step S68, the CPU 40 turns off the operating object flag for the left foot. Then, the process proceeds to step S76.
At step S69, the CPU 40, calculates a “left side load summation value” by adding the load value of the two load sensors 36b positioned on the left side of the player among the load values of the four load sensors 36b acquired at step S60, and judges whether the left side load summation value is equal to or more than 80% of the whole load summation value (however, “80%” is merely one example). Then, the process proceeds to step S70 if the left side load summation value is equal to or more than 80% of the whole load summation value (i.e. a case in which it is assumed that the player is standing on the load controller 36 with just the left foot), and if not (i.e. a case in which it is assumed that the player is standing on the load controller 36 with both feet), the process proceeds to step S73.
At step S70, the CPU 40 fixes only the character object's left foot on the hold, and removes the character object's right foot from the hold. Then, the process step proceeds to S71.
At step S71, the CPU 40 turns off the operating object flag for the right foot. Then, the process proceeds to step S72.
At step S72, the CPU 40 turns on the operating object flag for the left foot. Then, the process proceeds to the step S76.
At step S73, the CPU 40 fixes character object's both feet on the holds. Then, the process proceeds to step S74.
At step S74, the CPU 40 turns on the operating object flag for the right foot. Then, the process proceeds to step S75.
At step S75, the CPU 40 turns on the operating object flag for the left foot. Then, the process proceeds to step S76.
At step S76, the CPU 40 calculates the player's position of center of gravity on the load controller 36 in the front-back direction. For example, the CPU 40, calculates a “front load summation value” by adding the load values of the two load sensors 36b positioned in front of the player among the load values of the four load sensors 36b acquired at step S60, and utilizes a ratio of the front load summation value to the whole load summation value as the position of center of gravity of the player on the load controller 36 in the front-back direction. Then, the process proceeds to step S77.
At step S77, the CPU 40 determines a character object's knee angle on the side of the foot where the operating object flag thereof is turned on, based on the position of center of gravity (the position of center of gravity of the player on the load controller 36 in the front-back direction) calculated at step S76 (
As described above, according to this embodiment, the player can control the hands and feet of the character object intuitively and variedly, by operating the controller 7 and the load controller 36.
In this embodiment, the character object's right hand is controlled in response to the inclination about the Z-axis (
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the character object's left hand is controlled in response to the inclination about the Z-axis (
Still further, in this embodiment, among the four load sensors 36b, a load summation value on one side (sum of load values within one group, as described in claim 4) is calculated by adding the load values of two load sensors 36b; and the character object's foot is controlled by using the ratio of the load summation value on one side to the whole load summation value. However, the character object's foot may be controlled by using the ratio of a load value of one load sensor 36b (sum of load values within one group, as described in claim 4) to the whole load summation value. Moreover, instead of using a ratio of a sum of load values within one group, to the whole load summation value; the character object's foot may be controlled by using a ratio of two sums of load values from two groups, such as the ratio of the “right side load summation value” to the “left side load summation value”.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the motion of the character object is changed in response to, the position of center of gravity in the right-left direction ((b) and (c) of
Moreover, in this embodiment, the load sensors 36b are provided to the four corners of the load controller 36. However, the current invention is not limited to this configuration, and the installation position of the load sensors 36b may be arbitrarily determined. For example, load sensors 36b may be provided in the vicinity of respective centers of the four sides of the load controller 36.
In this embodiment, four load sensors 36b are provided to the load controller 36. However, the current invention is not limited to this configuration, and two, three, five, or more load sensors 36b may be provided. The position of center of gravity can only be sensed one-dimensionally if only two load sensors 36b are provided. On the other hand, the position of center of gravity can be sensed two-dimensionally if three or more load sensors 36b are provided.
Moreover, in this embodiment, a character object that simulates a human is controlled in response to the user operation. However, the current invention is not limited to such form of a character object, and a character object may be a simulation of other creatures, or other objects (objects from the real world, or from a virtual world). In a case in which a character object that simulates an airplane is controlled in response to a user operation, for example, the right wing of the airplane may be controlled based on the attitude of the core unit 70, the left wing of the airplane may be controlled based on the attitude of the subunit 76, and the tail wing of the airplane may be controlled based on a load applied to the load controller 36.
Depending on the body position of the player, there may be a case in which an input operation intended by the player is not conducted. This case may happen in a game system that includes, as input apparatuses, at least one hand-held type controller that is held by the player, such as the core unit 70 or the subunit 76; and a stand board type controller in which a player holding the hand-held type controller stands on, such as the load controller 36; and when the executed game process detects the inclination direction of the hand-held type controller and the center of gravity of the player standing on the board type controller, and utilizes both detection results. For example, when assuming a situation in which the player holds the core unit 70 such that the longitudinal direction of the core unit 70 is vertical, as shown in (a) of
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the detected inclination direction of the hand-held type controller is compensated in the opposite direction of the player's inclination direction. For example, when the player's body is inclined in the forward direction of the player, the detected inclination direction of the hand-held type controller is compensated backward of the actual player's direction. However, in some cases the detected inclination direction of the hand-held type controller may be compensated in the same direction of the player's inclination direction (i.e. in cases in which such compensation allows conducting an input intended by the player better). For example, when the player inclines the core unit 70 in a direction that enlarges θ3 which is shown in
In the above described alternate example 1, an example in which the detected inclination direction of the hand-held type controller is compensated in response to the center of gravity of the player standing on the board type controller. However, conversely, a case taken into consideration may be one in which the detected center of gravity of the player standing on the board type controller is compensated in response to the inclination direction of the hand-held type controller. For example, as described above, when the player inclines the core unit 70 in a direction that enlarges θ3 which is shown in
While the embodiments herein have been described in detail, the foregoing description is in all aspects illustrative and not restrictive. It is understood that numerous other modifications and variations can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2008-304822 | Nov 2008 | JP | national |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
588172 | Peters | Aug 1897 | A |
688076 | Ensign | Dec 1901 | A |
D188376 | Hotkins et al. | Jul 1960 | S |
3217536 | Motsinger et al. | Nov 1965 | A |
3424005 | Brown | Jan 1969 | A |
3428312 | Machen | Feb 1969 | A |
3712294 | Muller | Jan 1973 | A |
3752144 | Weigle, Jr. | Aug 1973 | A |
3780817 | Videon | Dec 1973 | A |
3826145 | McFarland | Jul 1974 | A |
3869007 | Haggstrom et al. | Mar 1975 | A |
4058178 | Shinohara et al. | Nov 1977 | A |
4104119 | Schilling | Aug 1978 | A |
4136682 | Pedotti | Jan 1979 | A |
4246783 | Steven et al. | Jan 1981 | A |
4296931 | Yokoi | Oct 1981 | A |
4337050 | Engalitcheff, Jr. | Jun 1982 | A |
4404854 | Krempl et al. | Sep 1983 | A |
4488017 | Lee | Dec 1984 | A |
4494754 | Wagner, Jr. | Jan 1985 | A |
4558757 | Mori et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
4569519 | Mattox et al. | Feb 1986 | A |
4574899 | Griffin | Mar 1986 | A |
4577868 | Kiyonaga | Mar 1986 | A |
4598717 | Pedotti | Jul 1986 | A |
4607841 | Gala | Aug 1986 | A |
4630817 | Buckleu | Dec 1986 | A |
4660828 | Weiss | Apr 1987 | A |
4680577 | Straayer et al. | Jul 1987 | A |
4688444 | Nordstrom | Aug 1987 | A |
4691694 | Boyd et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
4711447 | Mansfield | Dec 1987 | A |
4726435 | Kitagawa et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
4739848 | Tulloch | Apr 1988 | A |
4742832 | Kauffmann et al. | May 1988 | A |
4742932 | Pedragosa | May 1988 | A |
4800973 | Angel | Jan 1989 | A |
4838173 | Schroeder et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
4855704 | Betz | Aug 1989 | A |
4880069 | Bradley | Nov 1989 | A |
4882677 | Curran | Nov 1989 | A |
4893514 | Gronert et al. | Jan 1990 | A |
4907797 | Gezari et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
4927138 | Ferrari | May 1990 | A |
4970486 | Gray et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
4982613 | Becker | Jan 1991 | A |
D318073 | Jang | Jul 1991 | S |
5044956 | Behensky et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
5049079 | Furtado et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
5052406 | Nashner | Oct 1991 | A |
5054771 | Mansfield | Oct 1991 | A |
5065631 | Ashpitel et al. | Nov 1991 | A |
5089960 | Sweeney, Jr. | Feb 1992 | A |
5103207 | Kerr et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
5104119 | Lynch | Apr 1992 | A |
5116296 | Watkins et al. | May 1992 | A |
5118112 | Bregman et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
5151071 | Jain et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5195746 | Boyd et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
5197003 | Moncrief et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
5199875 | Trumbull | Apr 1993 | A |
5203563 | Loper, III | Apr 1993 | A |
5207426 | Inoue et al. | May 1993 | A |
5259252 | Kruse et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5269318 | Nashner | Dec 1993 | A |
5299810 | Pierce et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5303715 | Nashner et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5360383 | Boren | Nov 1994 | A |
5362298 | Brown et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
5368546 | Stark et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
5405152 | Katanics et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5431569 | Simpkins et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
5462503 | Benjamin et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5466200 | Ulrich et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
5469740 | French et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
5474087 | Nashner | Dec 1995 | A |
5476103 | Nahsner | Dec 1995 | A |
5507708 | Ma | Apr 1996 | A |
5541621 | Nmngani | Jul 1996 | A |
5541622 | Engle et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5547439 | Rawls et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
5551445 | Nashner | Sep 1996 | A |
5551693 | Goto et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5577981 | Jarvik | Nov 1996 | A |
D376826 | Ashida | Dec 1996 | S |
5584700 | Feldman et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5584779 | Knecht et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5591104 | Andrus et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
5613690 | McShane et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5623944 | Nashner | Apr 1997 | A |
5627327 | Zanakis | May 1997 | A |
D384115 | Wilkinson et al. | Sep 1997 | S |
5669773 | Gluck | Sep 1997 | A |
5689285 | Asher | Nov 1997 | A |
5690582 | Ulrich et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5697791 | Nasher et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5713794 | Shimojima et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5721566 | Rosenberg et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5746684 | Jordan | May 1998 | A |
5785630 | Bobick et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
D397164 | Goto | Aug 1998 | S |
5788618 | Joutras | Aug 1998 | A |
5792031 | Alton | Aug 1998 | A |
5800314 | Sakakibara et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5805138 | Brawne et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5813958 | Tomita | Sep 1998 | A |
5814740 | Cook et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5820462 | Yokoi et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5825308 | Rosenberg | Oct 1998 | A |
5837952 | Oshiro et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
D402317 | Goto | Dec 1998 | S |
5846086 | Bizzi et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5853326 | Goto et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5854622 | Brannon | Dec 1998 | A |
5860861 | Lipps et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
5864333 | O'Heir | Jan 1999 | A |
5872438 | Roston | Feb 1999 | A |
5886302 | Germanton et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5888172 | Andrus et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5889507 | Engle et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
D407758 | Isetani et al. | Apr 1999 | S |
5890995 | Bobick et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5897457 | Mackovjak | Apr 1999 | A |
5897469 | Yalch | Apr 1999 | A |
5901612 | Letovsky | May 1999 | A |
5902214 | Makikawa et al. | May 1999 | A |
5904639 | Smyser et al. | May 1999 | A |
D411258 | Isetani et al. | Jun 1999 | S |
5912659 | Rutledge et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5913727 | Ahdoot | Jun 1999 | A |
5919092 | Yokoi et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5921780 | Myers | Jul 1999 | A |
5921899 | Rose | Jul 1999 | A |
5929782 | Stark et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5947824 | Minami et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
5976063 | Joutras et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5980256 | Carmein | Nov 1999 | A |
5980429 | Nashner | Nov 1999 | A |
5984785 | Takeda et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5987982 | Wenman et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5989157 | Walton | Nov 1999 | A |
5993356 | Houston et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5997439 | Ohsuga et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6001015 | Nishiumi et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6007428 | Nishiumi et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6010465 | Nashner | Jan 2000 | A |
D421070 | Jang et al. | Feb 2000 | S |
6037927 | Rosenberg | Mar 2000 | A |
6038488 | Barnes et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6044772 | Gaudette et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6063046 | Allum | May 2000 | A |
6086518 | MacCready, Jr. | Jul 2000 | A |
6102803 | Takeda et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6102832 | Tani | Aug 2000 | A |
D431051 | Goto | Sep 2000 | S |
6113237 | Ober et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6147674 | Rosenberg et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6152564 | Ober et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
D434769 | Goto | Dec 2000 | S |
D434770 | Goto | Dec 2000 | S |
6155926 | Miyamoto et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6162189 | Girone et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6167299 | Galchenkov et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6190287 | Nashner | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6200253 | Nishiumi et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6203432 | Roberts et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6216542 | Stockli et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6216547 | Lehtovaara | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6220865 | Macri et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
D441369 | Goto | May 2001 | S |
6225977 | Li | May 2001 | B1 |
6227968 | Suzuki et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6228000 | Jones | May 2001 | B1 |
6231444 | Goto | May 2001 | B1 |
6239806 | Nishiumi et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6241611 | Takeda et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6244987 | Ohsuga et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
D444469 | Goto | Jul 2001 | S |
6264558 | Nishiumi et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6280361 | Harvey et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
D447968 | Pagnacco et al. | Sep 2001 | S |
6295878 | Berme | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6296595 | Stark et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6325718 | Nishiumi et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6330837 | Charles et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6336891 | Fedrigon et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6353427 | Rosenberg | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6354155 | Berme | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6357827 | Brightbill et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6359613 | Poole | Mar 2002 | B1 |
D456410 | Ashida | Apr 2002 | S |
D456854 | Ashida | May 2002 | S |
D457570 | Brinson | May 2002 | S |
6387061 | Nitto | May 2002 | B1 |
6388655 | Leung | May 2002 | B1 |
6389883 | Berme et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6394905 | Takeda et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6402635 | Nesbit et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
D459727 | Ashida | Jul 2002 | S |
D460506 | Tamminga et al. | Jul 2002 | S |
6421056 | Nishiumi et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6436058 | Krahner et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
D462683 | Ashida | Sep 2002 | S |
6454679 | Radow | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6461297 | Pagnacco et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6470302 | Cunningham et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6482010 | Marcus et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6510749 | Pagnacco et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6514145 | Kawabata et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6515593 | Stark et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
D471594 | Nojo | Mar 2003 | S |
6543769 | Podoloff et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6563059 | Lee | May 2003 | B2 |
6568334 | Gaudette et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6616579 | Reinbold et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6624802 | Klein et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6632158 | Nashner | Oct 2003 | B1 |
6636161 | Rosenberg | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6636197 | Goldenberg et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
6638175 | Lee et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6663058 | Peterson et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6676520 | Nishiumi et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6676569 | Radow | Jan 2004 | B1 |
6679776 | Nishiumi et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
6697049 | Lu | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6719667 | Wong et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6726566 | Komata | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6764429 | Michalow | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6797894 | Montagnino et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6811489 | Shimizu et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6813966 | Dukart | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6817973 | Merril et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
D500100 | Van Der Meer | Dec 2004 | S |
6846270 | Etnyre | Jan 2005 | B1 |
6859198 | Onodera et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6872139 | Sato et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6872187 | Stark et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6888076 | Hetherington | May 2005 | B2 |
6913559 | Smith | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6924787 | Kramer et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6936016 | Berme et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
D510391 | Merril et al. | Oct 2005 | S |
6975302 | Ausbeck, Jr. | Dec 2005 | B1 |
6978684 | Nurse | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6991483 | Milan et al. | Jan 2006 | B1 |
D514627 | Merril et al. | Feb 2006 | S |
7004787 | Milan | Feb 2006 | B2 |
D517124 | Merril et al. | Mar 2006 | S |
7011605 | Shields | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7033176 | Feldman et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7038855 | French et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7040986 | Koshima et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7070542 | Reyes et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7083546 | Zillig et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7100439 | Carlucci | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7121982 | Feldman | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7126584 | Nishiumi et al. | Oct 2006 | B1 |
7127376 | Nashner | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7163516 | Pagnacco et al. | Jan 2007 | B1 |
7179234 | Nashner | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7195355 | Nashner | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7202424 | Carlucci | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7202851 | Cunningham et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7270630 | Patterson | Sep 2007 | B1 |
7307619 | Cunningham et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7308831 | Cunningham et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7331226 | Feldman et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7335134 | LaVelle | Feb 2008 | B1 |
RE40427 | Nashner | Jul 2008 | E |
7416537 | Stark et al. | Aug 2008 | B1 |
7530929 | Feldman et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7722501 | Nicolas et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7938751 | Nicolas et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
20010001303 | Ohsuga et al. | May 2001 | A1 |
20010018363 | Goto et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20020055383 | Onda et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
20020055422 | Airmet et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
20020080115 | Onodera et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020185041 | Herbst | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030054327 | Evensen | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030069108 | Kaiserman et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030107502 | Alexander | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030176770 | Merril et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030193416 | Ogata et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20040038786 | Kuo et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040041787 | Graves | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040077464 | Feldman et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040099513 | Hetherington | May 2004 | A1 |
20040110602 | Feldman | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040163855 | Carlucci | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040180719 | Feldman et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040259688 | Stabile | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050070154 | Milan | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050076161 | Albanna et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050130742 | Feldman et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050202384 | DiCuccio et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050282633 | Nicolas et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060097453 | Feldman et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060161045 | Merril et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060205565 | Feldman et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060211543 | Feldman et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060217243 | Feldman et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060223634 | Feldman et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060258512 | Nicolas et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060287089 | Addington et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070021279 | Jones | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070027369 | Pagnacco et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070155589 | Feldman et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070219050 | Merril | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20080012826 | Cunningham et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080207325 | Hsu | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080228110 | Berme | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080261696 | Yamazaki et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20090093315 | Matsunaga et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20100009752 | Rubin et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
40 04 554 | Aug 1991 | DE |
195 02 918 | Aug 1996 | DE |
297 12 785 | Jan 1998 | DE |
20 2004 021 792 | May 2011 | DE |
20 2004 021 793 | May 2011 | DE |
0 275 665 | Jul 1988 | EP |
0 299 738 | Jan 1989 | EP |
0 335 045 | Oct 1989 | EP |
0 519 836 | Dec 1992 | EP |
1 043 746 | Oct 2000 | EP |
1 120 083 | Aug 2001 | EP |
1 127 599 | Aug 2001 | EP |
1 870 141 | Dec 2007 | EP |
2 472 929 | Jul 1981 | FR |
2 587 611 | Mar 1987 | FR |
2 604 910 | Apr 1988 | FR |
2 647 331 | Nov 1990 | FR |
2 792 182 | Oct 2000 | FR |
2 801 490 | Jun 2001 | FR |
2 811 753 | Jan 2002 | FR |
2 906 365 | Mar 2008 | FR |
1 209 954 | Oct 1970 | GB |
2 288 550 | Oct 1995 | GB |
44-23551 | Oct 1969 | JP |
55-95758 | Dec 1978 | JP |
54-73689 | Jun 1979 | JP |
55-113472 | Sep 1980 | JP |
55-113473 | Sep 1980 | JP |
55-125369 | Sep 1980 | JP |
55-149822 | Nov 1980 | JP |
55-152431 | Nov 1980 | JP |
60-79460 | Jun 1985 | JP |
60-153159 | Oct 1985 | JP |
61-154689 | Jul 1986 | JP |
62-34016 | Feb 1987 | JP |
62-034016 | Feb 1987 | JP |
63-158311 | Oct 1988 | JP |
63-163855 | Oct 1988 | JP |
63-193003 | Dec 1988 | JP |
02-102651 | Apr 1990 | JP |
2-238327 | Sep 1990 | JP |
3-25325 | Feb 1991 | JP |
3-103272 | Apr 1991 | JP |
03-107959 | Nov 1991 | JP |
6-063198 | Mar 1994 | JP |
6-282373 | Oct 1994 | JP |
7-213741 | Aug 1995 | JP |
7-213745 | Aug 1995 | JP |
7-241281 | Sep 1995 | JP |
7-241282 | Sep 1995 | JP |
7-275307 | Oct 1995 | JP |
7-302161 | Nov 1995 | JP |
8-43182 | Feb 1996 | JP |
08-131594 | May 1996 | JP |
8-182774 | Jul 1996 | JP |
8-184474 | Jul 1996 | JP |
8-215176 | Aug 1996 | JP |
08-244691 | Sep 1996 | JP |
2576247 | Jan 1997 | JP |
9-120464 | May 1997 | JP |
9-168529 | Jun 1997 | JP |
9-197951 | Jul 1997 | JP |
9-305099 | Nov 1997 | JP |
11-309270 | Nov 1999 | JP |
2000-146679 | May 2000 | JP |
U3068681 | May 2000 | JP |
U3069287 | Jun 2000 | JP |
2000-254348 | Sep 2000 | JP |
3172738 | Jun 2001 | JP |
2001-178845 | Jul 2001 | JP |
2001-286451 | Oct 2001 | JP |
2002-112984 | Apr 2002 | JP |
2002-157081 | May 2002 | JP |
2002-253534 | Sep 2002 | JP |
2003-79599 | Mar 2003 | JP |
2003-235834 | Aug 2003 | JP |
3722678 | Nov 2005 | JP |
2005-334083 | Dec 2005 | JP |
3773455 | May 2006 | JP |
2006-167094 | Jun 2006 | JP |
3818488 | Sep 2006 | JP |
2006-284539 | Oct 2006 | JP |
U3128216 | Dec 2006 | JP |
2008-49117 | Mar 2008 | JP |
WO 9111221 | Aug 1991 | WO |
WO 9212768 | Aug 1992 | WO |
WO 9840843 | Sep 1998 | WO |
WO 0012041 | Mar 2000 | WO |
WO 0057387 | Sep 2000 | WO |
WO 0069523 | Nov 2000 | WO |
WO 0229375 | Apr 2002 | WO |
WO 02057885 | Jul 2002 | WO |
WO 2004051201 | Jun 2004 | WO |
WO 2004053629 | Jun 2004 | WO |
WO 2005043322 | May 2005 | WO |
WO 2008099582 | Aug 2008 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20100137063 A1 | Jun 2010 | US |