Patent Grant
10742538
This application is a U.S. National Phase of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2015/005522 filed on Nov. 4, 2015, which claims priority benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. JP 2014-232692 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Nov. 17, 2014. Each of the above-referenced applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present technology relates to an information processing apparatus. Described in more detail, the present technology relates to an information processing apparatus and an information processing method handling information relating to radio communication and a program causing a computer to execute the method.
In related art, there are radio communication technologies for exchanging various kinds of data through radio communication. For example, a communication method (for example, ad hoc communication or an ad hoc network) autonomously making a connection with an information processing apparatus present on the periphery thereof has been proposed.
In addition, technologies for generating a multicast mesh path within a network and executing multicast transmission have been proposed. For example, a radio mesh network system exchanging a frame used for generating multicast through unicast transmission has been proposed (for example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2).
[PTL 1]
JP 2014-68202 A
[PTL 2]
JP 2014-68203 A
In the related art described above, nodes are classified into control nodes and multicast nodes, and multicast transmission is exchanged.
Here, depending on the use environments of each information processing apparatus, a case may be considered in which the role of each information processing apparatus is changed. For example, a case may be also considered in which an information processing apparatus executing multicast transmission is used as an information processing apparatus receiving information transmitted through multicast. For this reason, it is important to appropriately execute multicast transmission by exchanging the multicast transmission with information processing apparatuses being in a flat relation in a network in which a connection with information processing apparatuses present on the periphery is autonomously executed.
The present technology is in consideration of such situations, and it is preferable to appropriately execute multicast transmission.
The present technology is for solving the above-described problems, and, according to a first aspect, there are provided an information processing apparatus including a control unit that executes control of transmitting a path request signal requesting to generate a multicast transmission path to a plurality of information processing apparatuses in a case where the information processing apparatus is set as an information processing apparatus transmitting a content through multicast to the other information processing apparatuses that configure a network in which the plurality of information processing apparatuses are interconnected by one-to-one radio communication executed by the plurality of information processing apparatuses, an information processing method thereof, and a program causing a computer to execute the method. Accordingly, an operation of transmitting a path request signal requesting to generate a multicast transmission path to a plurality of information processing apparatuses is acquired in a case where the information processing apparatus is set as an information processing apparatus executing multicast transmission.
In addition, in the first aspect, the control unit may transmit the path request signal with a destination address of the path request signal being set as a multicast address. In such a case, an operation of transmitting a path request signal with a destination address of the path request signal being set as a multicast address is acquired.
In addition, in the first aspect, the control unit may generate path information used for the multicast transmission based on a path response signal in a case where the path response signal corresponding to the path request signal is received. In such a case, an operation of generating path information used for the multicast transmission based on a path response signal is acquired in a case where the path response signal corresponding to the path request signal is received.
In addition, in the first aspect, the control unit may transmit the content through unicast to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the path information in a case where the content is transmitted to the plurality of information processing apparatuses through multicast. In such a case, an operation of transmitting the content through unicast to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the path information is acquired in a case where the content is transmitted to the plurality of information processing apparatuses through multicast.
In addition, according to a second aspect of the present technology, there are provided an information processing apparatus including: a communication unit that receives a path request signal requesting to generate a multicast transmission path from a first information processing apparatus transmitting a content through multicast that is another information processing apparatus configuring a network in which a plurality of information processing apparatuses are interconnected by one-to-one radio communication executed by the plurality of information processing apparatuses; and a control unit that maintains path information relating to a communication path specified by the path request signal as a path information candidate of the multicast transmission and determines the path information candidate as the path information of the multicast transmission at timing when a path response signal used for responding to the path request signal is transmitted, an information processing method thereof, and a program causing a computer to execute the method. In such a case, when a path request signal requesting to generate a multicast transmission path is received, an operation of maintaining path information relating to a communication path specified by the path request signal as a path information candidate of the multicast transmission and determining the path information candidate as the path information of the multicast transmission at timing when a path response signal used for responding to the path request signal is transmitted is acquired.
In addition, in the second aspect, the first information processing apparatus may transmit the content through multicast to information processing apparatuses belonging to a predetermined group among the plurality of information processing apparatuses, and the control unit may transmit the path response signal in a case where a destination address of the path request signal is a multicast address, and the information processing apparatus belongs to a group specified by the multicast address. In such a case, an operation of transmitting the path response signal is acquired in a case where a destination address of the path request signal is a multicast address, and the information processing apparatus belongs to a group specified by the multicast address.
In addition, in the second aspect, the control unit may generate the path information designating the information processing apparatus transmitting the path response signal as a transmission destination information processing apparatus used for transmitting the content through multicast. In such a case, an operation of generating the path information designating the information processing apparatus transmitting the path response signal as a transmission destination information processing apparatus used for transmitting the content through multicast is acquired.
In addition, in the second aspect, the control unit may set a valid period of the path information based on valid period information designated by the path request signal. In such a case, an operation of setting a valid period of the path information based on valid period information designated by the path request signal is acquired.
In addition, in the second aspect, in a case where the path request signal is received, the control unit may transmit the path request signal through unicast transmission to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the determined path information. In such a case, in a case where the path request signal is received, an operation of transmitting the path request signal through unicast transmission to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the determined path information is acquired.
In addition, in the second aspect, in a case where the path request signal is received, the control unit may execute a determination for transmitting the path request signal to the other information processing apparatuses and a determination for maintaining the path information relating to a communication path specified by the path request signal as the path information candidate based on mutually-different criteria. In such a case, in a case where the path request signal is received, an operation of executing a determination for transmitting the path request signal to the other information processing apparatuses and a determination for maintaining the path information relating to a communication path specified by the path request signal as the path information candidate based on mutually-different criteria is acquired.
In addition, in the second aspect, the control unit may execute the determination for maintaining the path information candidate based on a result of comparison between a metric value included in the path request signal, a link metric value up to the information processing apparatus transmitting the path request signal, a metric value maintained as the path information candidate, and a link metric value up to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the path information candidate. In such a case, an operation of executing the determination for maintaining the path information candidate based on a result of comparison between a metric value included in the path request signal, a link metric value up to the information processing apparatus transmitting the path request signal, a metric value maintained as the path information candidate, and a link metric value up to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the path information candidate is acquired.
In a third aspect, an information processing apparatus in a mesh network includes circuitry that, when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a root node for multicast transmission, transmits a path request for multicast to other information processing apparatuses in the mesh network. The circuitry also determines a path for multicast based on responses received from the other information processing apparatuses, and performs multicast transmission of data via the determined path for multicast.
In a fourth aspect, an information processing method for an information processing apparatus in a mesh network includes, when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a root node for multicast transmission, transmitting, with circuitry, a path request for multicast to other information processing apparatuses in the mesh network; determining, with the circuitry, a path for multicast based on responses received from the other information processing apparatuses; and performing, with the circuitry, multicast transmission of data via the determined path for multicast.
In a fifth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with computer-readable instructions thereon that, when executed by an information processing apparatus in a mesh network, cause the information processing apparatus to perform a method that includes, when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a root node for multicast transmission, transmitting a path request for multicast to other information processing apparatuses in the mesh network; determining a path for multicast based on responses received from the other information processing apparatuses; and performing multicast transmission of data via the determined path for multicast.
According to the present technology, a superior advantage of appropriately executing multicast transmission is acquired. The advantages described here are not necessarily limited, and any one of the advantages described in the present disclosure may be achieved.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present technology (hereinafter, referred to as embodiments) will be described. Description will be presented in the following order.
1. Embodiment (Example of Execution of Multicast Transmission by Generating Multicast Mesh Path)
2. Application Example
[Configuration Example of Communication System]
The communication system 10 includes a plurality of information processing apparatuses (information processing apparatuses 100, 101, 102, and 103). In
Each information processing apparatus (device) configuring the communication system 10, for example, is either a mobile-type information processing apparatus having a radio communication function or a fixed-type information processing apparatus. Here, the mobile-type information processing apparatus is a radio communication apparatus such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, or a tablet terminal, and the fixed-type information processing apparatus is an information processing apparatus such as a printer or a personal computer.
Here, as a communication method for an autonomous connection with an information processing apparatus present on the periphery, ad hoc communication, an ad hoc network, and the like are known. In such a network, each information processing apparatus can communicate with an information processing apparatus present on the periphery thereof without depending on a master station (for example, a control apparatus). Thus, in the case illustrated in
In an ad hoc network, when a new information processing apparatus is added to the periphery, this new information processing apparatus can freely participate in the network. For example, first, a case will be considered in which only information processing apparatuses 100 and 101 among information processing apparatuses illustrates in
Here, each of the information processing apparatuses may transmit information to be exchanged with the other information processing apparatuses in a bucket brigade manner instead of being autonomously connected to the other information processing apparatuses present on the periphery.
For example, it is assumed that the information processing apparatus 100 is directly communicable with each of the information processing apparatuses 101 and 102 but is not directly communicable with the information processing apparatus 103 due to no arrival of electric waves or the like.
Also even in a case where direct communication is not executable as above, the information processing apparatus 101 that is directly communicable with the information processing apparatus 100 can transmit data of the information processing apparatus 100 to the information processing apparatus 103. Thus, by transmitting data in this way, the information processing apparatus 100 and the information processing apparatus 103 that is not directly communicable with the information processing apparatus 100 can exchange information thereof through the information processing apparatus 101.
The method of transmitting information to a remote information processing apparatus by executing data transmission (so-called a bucket brigade) as above is called a multi-hop relay. In addition, a network executing the multi hopping is generally known as a mesh network. As technologies for configuring the mesh network, a specification of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.11s-2011 and the like are known.
An example of the configuration of an information processing apparatus that configures the ad hoc network or the mesh network is illustrated in
[Configuration Example of Information Processing Apparatus]
The information processing apparatus 100 includes: an antenna 110; a communication unit 120; an input/output (I/O) interface 130; a control unit 140; and a memory 150. Such units are interconnected through a bus 160.
The communication unit 120 is a module (for example, a modem) used for transmitting/receiving electric waves through the antenna 110. For example, the communication unit 120 can execute radio communication through millimeter wave communication (60 GHz or the like), a 900 MHz/2.4 GHz/5 GHz wireless local area network (LAN), or an ultra-wide band (UWB). In addition, for example, the communication unit 120 can execute radio communication through visible light communication or near field communication (NFC).
For example, the communication unit 120, under the control of the control unit 140, exchanges the signals PREQ and PREP used for generating or updating a multi-hop communication path with another information processing apparatus through radio communication. The signals PREQ and PREP will be described in detail with reference to
The communication unit 120 may execute radio communication using electric waves (electromagnetic waves) or radio communication (for example, radio communication executed using a magnetic field) using a medium other than electric waves.
The I/O interface 130 is an interface for an external apparatus such as a sensor or an actuator operating in cooperation with the information processing apparatus 100.
The movement detecting unit 171 detects the movement of the information processing apparatus 100 by detecting the acceleration, the movement, the inclination, and the like of the information processing apparatus 100 and outputs movement information relating to the detected movement to the control unit 140 through the I/O interface 130. For example, the movement detecting unit 171 maintains the movement information (log (or real-time information relating to the movement)) representing whether the information processing apparatus 100 is moving and supplies the movement information to the control unit 140. As the movement detecting unit 171, for example, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, or a global positioning system (GPS) may be used. For example, the movement detecting unit 171 can calculate a movement distance (for example, a movement distance per unit time) of the information processing apparatus 100 by using positional information (for example, the longitude and the latitude) detected by using the GPS.
The operation reception unit 172 is an operation reception unit that receives an operation input made by a user and outputs operation information according to the received operation input to the control unit 140 through the I/O interface 130. The operation reception unit 172, for example, is realized by a touch panel, a keyboard, or a mouse.
The display unit 173 is a display unit that displays various kinds of information under the control of the control unit 140. As the display unit 173, for example, a display panel such as an electroluminescence (EL) panel or a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel may be used. In addition, the operation reception unit 172 and the display unit 173 may be integrally configured by using a touch panel for which an operation input can be made by the user by placing his finger to be in contact with or in proximity to the display face thereof.
The audio output unit 174 is an audio output unit (for example, a speaker) that outputs various kinds of sounds under the control of the control unit 140.
The control unit 140 controls each unit of the information processing apparatus 100 based on a control program that is stored in the memory 150. For example, the control unit 140 executes signal processing of information that is transmitted or received. The control unit 140, for example, is realized by a central processing unit (CPU).
The memory 150 is a memory in which various kinds of information are stored. For example, in the memory 150, various kinds of information (for example, a control program) that are necessary for information processing apparatus 100 to execute a desired operation are stored. In addition, in the memory 150, for example, a mesh path table 300 illustrated in
For example, in a case where data is transmitted by using radio communication, the control unit 140 processes information read from the memory 150, a signal input from the I/O interface 130, or the like and generates a block (transmission packet) of data that is actually transmitted. Subsequently, the control unit 140 outputs the generated transmission packet to the communication unit 120. In addition, the communication unit 120 converts the transmission packet into a format or the like of a communication system that is actually used for the transmission and then transmits the transmission packet after the conversion from the antenna 110 to the outside.
In addition, for example, in a case where data is received through radio communication, the communication unit 120 extracts a reception packet by executing signal processing of an electric wave signal received through the antenna 110 by using a receiver arranged inside the communication unit 120. Then, the control unit 140 analyzes the extracted reception packet. As a result of the analysis, in a case where data is determined to be stored, the control unit 140 writes the data in the memory 150. On the other hand, in a case where the data is determined to be data to be transmitted to another information processing apparatus, the control unit 140 outputs the data as a transmission packet to be transmitted to the another information processing apparatus to the communication unit 120. In addition, in a case where the data is determined to be data to be transmitted to an external actuator, the control unit 140 outputs the data from the I/O interface 130 to the outside (for example, the display unit 173).
For example, the control unit 140 may provide various contents stored in the memory 150 to the other information processing apparatuses through radio communication.
In addition, in a case where the information processing apparatus 100 is driven by a battery, the battery is mounted (built or installed) in the information processing apparatus 100. In such a case, the control unit 140 may have a function for estimating the remaining battery amount and acquire the estimated remaining battery amount at times.
[Example of Signal Format]
Here, the information processing apparatuses configuring the communication system 10 exchange signals in the form of a packet at the time of execution of communication. In the signal of the form of a packet, there are at least two kinds of packets including a data packet and a management packet.
Here,
In addition,
The data packets illustrated in
Here, in the specification of IEEE802.11s, the format of a header section is different based on whether a destination is a multicast address. In other words, in a case where the destination is a unicast address, five fields are present in the header section. On the other hand, in a case where the destination is a multicast address, four fields are present in the header section.
More specifically, as illustrated in
In addition, in the header section, four fields are present. These four fields are Frame Control 201, Dst ADDR 202, TX ADDR 203, and Src ADDR 204.
At the head of the header, Frame Control 201 in which an attribute and the like of a signal including the header are stored is present. Each information processing apparatus can acquire information on whether a packet is a data packet or a management packet used for control or management and the like by referring to Frame Control 201.
In Dst ADDR 202, an identifier (address) representing a destination station (an information processing apparatus by which a packet is finally received) of the packet is stored. Each information processing apparatus can recognize an information processing apparatus to which the signal is to be finally transmitted by referring to Dst ADDR 202. For example, an information processing apparatus that has received a signal, in a case where Dst ADDR 202 is not an identifier (address) of the information processing apparatus, executes a transmission process for transmitting the received signal to a destination station.
In TX ADDR 203, an identifier (address) of the transmission station (an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the packet) of the packet is stored. Each information processing apparatus can recognize an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the signal by referring to TX ADDR 203.
In Src ADDR 204, an identifier (address) of the transmission source station (an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the packet first) of the packet is stored. For example, each information processing apparatus can recognize an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the signal by referring to Src ADDR 204.
As illustrated in
In the header section, five fields are present. These five fields are Frame Control 211, RX ADDR 212, TX ADDR 213, Dst ADDR 214, and Src ADDR 215. In addition, each of Frame Control 211, TX ADDR 213, Dst ADDR 214, and Src ADDR 215 corresponds to the field having the same name illustrated in
In RX ADDR 212, an identifier (address) representing a reception station (an information processing apparatus by which a packet is to be received) of a packet is stored. Each information processing apparatus can recognize an information processing apparatus by which the signal (packet) is to be received by referring to RX ADDR 212. For example, an information processing apparatus that has received a signal (packet), in a case where a content of RX ADDR 212 is the identifier (address) of the information processing apparatus, starts a process of receiving the received signal (packet).
Here, in a case where the destination is a multicast address, as illustrated in
In addition, an information processing apparatus that has received a packet, in a case where a content of Dst ADDR is not the address of the information processing apparatus or in a case where a content of RX ADDR is a multicast address, executes a transmission process for transmitting the received packet to the destination station.
The management packet illustrated in
As illustrated in
At the head of the header, Frame Control 221 in which an attribute and the like of a signal including the header are stored is present. Each information processing apparatus can acquire information on whether a packet is a data packet or a management packet used for control or management and the like by referring to Frame Control 221.
In RX ADDR 222, an identifier (address) representing a reception station of the packet is stored. Each information processing apparatus can recognize an information processing apparatus by which the signal (packet) is to be received by referring to RX ADDR 222. For example, an information processing apparatus that has received a signal (packet), in a case where a content of RX ADDR 222 is an identifier (address) of the information processing apparatus or a broadcast address, executes a process of receiving the received signal (packet).
In TX ADDR 223, an identifier (address) of a transmission station of the packet is store. Each information processing apparatus can recognize an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the signal by referring to TX ADDR 223.
[Example of Multi-Hop Relay at Time of Execution of Multicast Transmission]
Here, in the specification of IEEE 802.11s, a case will be described in which data is transmitted with being addressed to a plurality of information processing apparatuses (multicast) through a multi-hop relay. In such a case, an information processing apparatus that is a transmission source generates and transmits a data packet by using the format of a data packet used for multicast that is illustrated in
In addition, in the specification of IEEE 802.11s, at the time of execution of multicast transmission, path information is not generated, but a data packet is transmitted such that the packet is transmitted up to the corners of the network through flooding. The flow of the packet is illustrated in
For example, in
In addition, as illustrated in
Similarly, as illustrated in
Similarly, as illustrated in
In this way, data transmission of broadcast is attempted for all the information processing apparatuses disposed inside the mesh network.
Here, in a case where data is transmitted with being addressed to a specific information processing apparatus through the multi-hop relay described above (in the case of unicast transmission), before transmission of the data, it is necessary to determine a relay path. This sequence is called a path selection. In this path selection, by exchanging a management signal used for selecting a path between information processing apparatuses, a communication path is determined. The communication path in a mesh network is called a mesh path.
[Example of Signal Format]
In
In
The path request signal PREQ illustrated in
As illustrated in
In Length 230, information representing the length of the payload is stored.
In ActionType 231, an identifier that represents that this signal is the signal PREQ is stored. An information processing apparatus that has received the signal can recognize that the received signal is the signal PREQ by referring to ActionType 231.
In Flags 232, information representing the attribute of the signal PREQ is stored.
In OrigSTA 233, an identifier (address) representing an information processing apparatus (transmission source station) of a source requesting the generation of a mesh path is stored. Here, while the signal PREQ is transmitted to a remote place through a multi-hop relay, an information processing apparatus receiving the signal PREQ can recognize an information processing apparatus that is the transmission source station of the received signal PREQ by referring to OrigSTA 233.
In DestSTA 234, an identifier representing an information processing apparatus (destination station) that is the destination requested to generate a mesh path is stored. When the signal PREQ is received, the information processing apparatus (destination station) specified the identifier stored in DestSTA 234 transmits a signal PREP in response thereto. Accordingly, a bi-directional mesh path is generated.
In SeqNum 235, an identifier used for identifying a signal PREQ is stored. For example, every time when a signal PREQ is transmitted from the transmission source station, an incremented value is stored in SeqNum 235. In other words, while there are cases where the signal PREQ is transmitted from a transmission source station a plurality of number of times, an information processing apparatus that has received the signal PREQ can recognize whether or not a received signal PREQ is the same as the PREQ received in the past by referring to SeqNum 235.
In HopCount 236, a numerical value representing the number of hops through which the signal PREQ arrives from the transmission source station (an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the signal PREQ first) is stored. The information processing apparatus that has received the signal PREQ executes multi-hop transmission of the received signal PREQ, and, for each such a transmission process, an incremented value is stored in HopCount 236.
In Metric 237, a value representing a metric value necessary for the arrival from the transmission source station (an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the signal PREQ first) of the signal PREQ is stored. An information processing apparatus receiving the signal PREQ executes multi-hop transmission of the received signal PREQ, and, for each transmission process, a value acquired by accumulatively adding metric values of links between information processing apparatuses is stored in the Metric 237.
In Lifetime 238, information representing the valid period of the mesh path is stored. In other words, when a request for generating a mesh path is successful, a valid mesh path (active mesh path) is generated, and, in Lifetime 238, a value used for specifying the valid period of the mesh path is stored.
In Etc 239, the other management information is stored.
The path response signal PREP illustrated in
As illustrated in
In Length 240, information that represents the length of the payload is stored.
In ActionType 241, an identifier that represents that this signal is the signal PREP is stored. An information processing apparatus that has received the signal can recognize that the received signal is the signal PREP by referring to ActionType 241.
In Flags 242, the attribute of the transmission source station (an information processing apparatus that has transmitted the signal PREP first) of the signal PREP is stored.
In OrigSTA 243, an identifier that represents an information processing apparatus that is a source requesting the generation of a mesh path is stored. Here, the identifier of the information processing apparatus (the transmission source station of the signal PREQ) stored in OrigSTA 233 of the signal PREQ is transferred to OrigSTA 243.
In DestSTA 244, an identifier that represents an information processing apparatus that is a destination requested to generate a mesh path is stored. Here, the identifier of the information processing apparatus (the destination station of the signal PREQ) that is stored in DestSTA 234 of the signal PREQ is transferred to DestSTA 244.
In SeqNum 245, an identifier user for identifying a signal PREP is stored. For example, every time when a signal PREP is transmitted from the transmission source station of the signal PREP, an incremented value is stored in SeqNum 245. In other words, there are cases where the signal PREP is transmitted from the transmission source station a plurality of number of times, and a destination station that has received the signal PREP can recognize whether or not the received signal PREP is the same as the signal PREP received in the past by referring to SeqNum 245.
In HopCount 246, a numerical value representing the number of hops through which the signal PREP arrives from the transmission source station of the signal PREP is stored. The information processing apparatus that has received the signal PREP executes multi-hop transmission of the received signal PREP, and, for each such a transmission process, an incremented value is stored in HopCount 246.
In Metric 247, a value representing a metric value necessary for the arrival from the transmission source station of the signal PREP is stored. An information processing apparatus receiving the signal PREP executes multi-hop transmission of the received signal PREP, and, for each transmission process, a value acquired by accumulatively adding metric values of links between information processing apparatuses is stored in the Metric 247.
In Lifetime 248, information representing the valid period of the mesh path is stored. In other words, when a request for generating a mesh path is successful, a valid mesh path (active mesh path) is generated, and, in Lifetime 248, a value used for specifying the valid period of the mesh path is stored.
In Etc 249, the other management information is stored.
The information processing apparatuses configuring the communication system 10 exchange the signals PREQ and PREP, thereby generating path information (also referred to as transmission information or mesh path information) that is necessary when the multi-hop communication is executed. For example, each information processing apparatus exchanges the signals PREQ and PREP, thereby generating a multi-hop communication path at a constant time interval or an irregular time interval. The path information is transmission information used for specifying an information processing apparatus to which the packet is to be transmitted next so as to transmit the packet to the information processing apparatus of the destination. The path information is maintained inside each information processing apparatus as a mesh path table. Then, when a data packet is to be transmitted with being addressed to a specific information processing apparatus, each information processing apparatus determines an information processing apparatus to be designated as a reception station in transmitting the packet. In other words, when a data packet is to be transmitted with being addressed to a specific information processing apparatus, each information processing apparatus determines an information processing apparatus to be designated in RX ADDR 222 in transmitting the packet by referring to the mesh path table. This mesh path table will be described in detail with reference to
[Configuration Example of Mesh Path Table]
Here,
As illustrated in
In NextHop 252 of Index 256 “a”, an identifier of an information processing apparatus representing an information processing apparatus to which data is to be transmitted so as to transmit the data to the destination station is stored. In other words, the identifier of a transmission station is stored in NextHop 252.
In Metric 253 of Index 256 “b”, a path metric value from the apparatus to which the mesh path table belongs to the destination station of the mesh path is stored.
In SeqNum 254 of Index 256 “c”, a SeqNum value (for example, SeqNum 235 or 245 illustrated in
In ExpTime 255 of Index 256 “d”, the valid period of the mesh path is stored. The valid period of the mesh path is determined based on Lifetime 238 or 248 (illustrated in
At the time of requesting the generation of a path or responding thereto, each information processing apparatus configuring the communication system 10 generates path information and writes the generated path information into the mesh path table 250. In addition, in order to transmit data, each information processing apparatus configuring the communication system 10, based on the address Dest 251 of a destination station to which the data is to be transmitted, extracts each record corresponding to the destination station from the mesh path table 250. Then, the information processing apparatus executes a transmission process of transmitting the data to the transmission station corresponding to NextHop 252 of each record that has been extracted.
[Example of Generation of Unicast Mesh Path]
In
Here, in the specification of IEEE 802.11s, while a plurality of members for generating a mesh path are defined. Here, an example of a case where the signal PREQ is proactively transmitted that is closest to the embodiment of the present technology will be described. In
First, as illustrated in
In this signal PREQ, zeros are stored in HopCount 236 and Metric 237 (illustrated in
When the signal PREQ is received, each of the information processing apparatuses 101 and 102 generates mesh path information addressed to an information processing apparatus (in other words, addressed to the information processing apparatus 100) having the identifier stored in Orig STA 233 (illustrated in
In this case, in NextHop 252 of Index 256 “a”, the value of TX ADDR 223 (illustrated in
In addition, in SeqNum 254 of Index 256 “c”, a value stored in SeqNum 235 (illustrated in
Each of the information processing apparatuses 101 and 102 that have received the signal PREQ transmits the signal PREQ so as to transfer the signal PREQ to another information processing apparatus. At the time of executing this transmission process, each of the information processing apparatuses 101 and 102 increments HopCount 236 (illustrated in
In addition, when the transmitted PREQ is received, the information processing apparatus 103, similarly, generates mesh path information addressed to the information processing apparatus (in other words, addressed to the information processing apparatus 100) having the identifier stored in Orig STA 233 (illustrated in
Here, a case may be considered in which each of the information processing apparatuses 101 to 103 receives a plurality of signals PREQ from one or a plurality of information processing apparatuses present on the periphery. In such a case, a path having a small “path metric value” is selected as a valid mesh path, and the signals PREQ of which the “path metric value” is large are discarded.
In addition, in
For example, the information processing apparatus 102 directly receives a signal PREQ transmitted from the information processing apparatus 100 and receives a signal PREQ through the information processing apparatus 101. In such a case, the path metric value (300 (illustrated in
More specifically, the address of the information processing apparatus 102 is written in Dest STA 244 (illustrated in
In addition, Nexthop addressed to Orig STA 233 (illustrated in
In addition, as illustrated in
In this way, as the information processing apparatus 100 receives the signal PREP, mesh path information addressed to Dest STA 244 (the information processing apparatuses 101 and 102) of the signal PREP can be generated. In other words, in the mesh path table 250 (illustrated in
As illustrated in
When the signal PREP is received, the information processing apparatus 101 generates mesh path information addressed to Dest STA 244 (the information processing apparatus 103) of the signal PREP. In other words, the mesh path information is recorded as information of a record relating to the information processing apparatus 103 in the mesh path table 250 (illustrated in
In addition, as illustrated in
When the signal PREP is received, the information processing apparatus 100 generates mesh path information addressed to Dest STA 244 (the information processing apparatus 103) of the signal PREP. In other words, in the mesh path table 250, the mesh path information is recorded as information of a record relating to the information processing apparatus 103. Through this process, the information processing apparatus 100 can generate a mesh path addressed to the information processing apparatus 103.
In addition, since the information processing apparatus 100 is designated as Orig STA 243 of the signal PREP, the information processing apparatus 100 does not execute a subsequent transmission process but ends a bi-directional mesh path generating process between the information processing apparatus 100 and each information processing apparatus. Through this process, three mesh paths through the information processing apparatus 100 and the information processing apparatus 101, through the information processing apparatus 100 and the information processing apparatus 102, and through the information processing apparatus 100 and the information processing apparatus 103 via the information processing apparatus 101 are generated.
Thereafter, until the valid period (ExpTime 255 illustrated in
In addition, by executing the transmission of the signal PREQ described above at a constant interval, the information processing apparatus 100 can execute an update such that the valid period of the mesh path does not end.
As a technology for configuring the radio network system described above, the specification of IEEE 802.11-2012 (IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications) is widely known. In addition, the specification of IEEE 802.11s is accepted as a part of IEEE 802.11-2012.
Here, in the specification of IEEE 802.11s, a structure for setting a path used for multicast communication for transmitting/receiving the same information among a plurality of unspecified information processing apparatuses is not defined. Thus, in a case where multicast transmission is executed in compliance with the specification of IEEE 802.11s, it may be considered to execute the following (1) or (2).
(1) Information transmission is executed through broadcast at a media access control (MAC) level.
(2) Transmission is executed through expansion into a plurality of unicast communications at an application level.
Here, in a case where information transmission is executed using broadcast at the MAC level, each information processing apparatus executes a transmission process by using a packet addressed to simple broadcasting. For this reason, the structure of an automatic repeat-request (ARQ) (automatic retransmission request) may not be used together, and there is concern that it is difficult to execute robust transmission on a media of a wireless LAN in which collision of signals and the like constantly occur. In addition, in the broadcast transmission of the specification of IEEE 802.11s, while a plan for loop transmission is implemented, basically, transmission that is based on simple flooding is executed. For this reason, it is assumed that it is difficult to execute efficient information transmission.
In addition, in a case where the transmission is executed through expansion into a plurality of unicast communications at the application level, end-end retransmission control of a transmission control protocol (TCP) layer or the like can be used. For this reason, from the viewpoint of the lack of information, a relatively-high communication quality can be easily provided. However, in a case where the number of delivery destinations of the information increases (particularly, in a case where there are many deliveries for a plurality of hops), it is necessary to transmit the same information to a plurality of destinations more than once. For this reason, it is important to reduce the waste of the bandwidth.
Thus, an embodiment of the present technology illustrates an example in which multi-hop multicast transmission is executed by simply extending a part of the hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP) of the specification of IEEE 802.11s. Accordingly, a robust structure for efficiently executing multi-hop multicast transmission can be defined.
More specifically, in the embodiment of the present technology, an example is illustrated in which a multicast mesh path is generated, maintained, and managed based on the exchange of the signals PREQ and PREP described above.
In addition, by using the multicast mesh path generated as such, multicast transmission of a data packet addressed to each information processing apparatus belonging to a multicast group inside a mesh network from an information processing apparatus that is a transmission source of the data packet is executed. In such a case, robust transmission using a unicast packet format that additionally uses the ARQ is executed. In addition, efficient multi-hop relaying is executed, and information of multicast can be transmitted also to information processing apparatuses at which electric waves do not directly arrive.
In order to realize such multicast transmission, in the embodiment of the present technology, one information processing apparatus among information processing apparatuses configuring a mesh network is set as a root station for the generation of a multicast path.
[Example of Participation in Multicast Group and Setting of Root Station]
Here, a method of participating in a multicast group for executing multicast transmission and an example of setting a root station will be described.
For example, the participation of an information processing apparatus in a multicast group largely depends on the context of an application and thus, can be dynamically set.
For example, each information processing apparatus sets a multicast group to which the apparatus belongs in accordance with an instruction from an upper layer. When such an instruction is made, each information processing apparatus is in the state of participating in a certain multicast group and is controlled so as to be included in a multicast mesh path.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present technology, a multicast mesh path is generated based on the above-described mechanism of proactively transmitting the signal PREQ. In other words, one information processing apparatus that serves as a root station of the multicast tree in the network is necessary. As this root station, for example, an information processing apparatus that is the transmission source of a content that is delivered through multicast may be set. This root station is allocated in accordance with an instruction supplied from the upper layer described above. In addition, the root station transmits the signal PREQ regularly (or irregularly). Each information processing apparatus other than the root station (in other words, an information processing apparatus that is a delivery destination of a content) participating in the multicast group serves as a member station. This member station is allocated in accordance with an instruction supplied from the upper layer described above as well. This member station executes a process of returning the signal PREP.
In addition, in the mesh network, there are cases where an information processing apparatus that is neither a root station nor a member station is present. In other words, it may not be determined that the multicast mesh path necessarily delivers information between all the information processing apparatuses within the mesh network. However, an information processing apparatus not participating in a multicast group that is a target also executes the process of transmitting the signals PREQ and PREP.
[Configuration Example of Mesh Path Table]
In
In
In RootFlag 301 of Index 256 “e”, a flag representing that this mesh path maintains a path addressed to the root station is stored. In other words, a flag representing whether this mesh path is generated according to the reception of the signal PREQ is stored therein. For example, in the case of a mesh path generated according to the reception of the signal PREQ, “1” is stored therein. On the other hand, in the case of a mesh path not generated according to the reception of the signal PREQ, “0” is stored therein.
In Link_metric 302 of Index 256 “f”, a metric value of the mesh path up to Nexthop is stored. This metric corresponding to one link is called a link metric.
In ProactivePath 303 of Index 256 “g”, a flag representing that this mesh path maintains a path addressed to the member station is stored. In other words, a flag representing whether this mesh path is generated according to the reception of the signal PREP is store. For example, in the case of a mesh path generated according to the reception of the signal PREP, “1” is stored therein. On the other hand, in the case of a mesh path not generated according to the reception of the signal PREP, “0” is stored therein.
In addition, only any one of RootFlag 301 and ProactivePath 303 may be configured to be recorded.
Each of such entries is recorded as a target in a corresponding record at the time of reception of the signal PREQ and at the time of reception of the signal PREP and is referred to.
As described above, in regard to a destination for unicast, a record can be extracted from the mesh path table 300 by using a destination station address as the key. In this case, Nexthop 252 maintained in each record is one.
On the other hand, in regard to a multicast mesh path, each record of the mesh path table 300 maintains a multicast address as a destination station address. However, since there are cases where a plurality of information processing apparatuses that are destinations of the multicast are present, there are cases where a plurality of Nexthops of the multicast mesh path are present. In order to accommodate such a situation, there are cases where a plurality of records storing the same destination station address are present in the mesh path table 300. In addition, in relation to the destination of the multicast, a different method of designating a record is used between a case where a record in which the destination is a root station is extracted and a case where a record in which the destination is a member station is extracted.
More specifically, in a case where a record storing a path to the root station is to be extracted, the record is extracted by using a set of a destination address “Dest 251” and “RootFlag 301” as the key. For example, a record in which the designated multicast address is stored in “Dest 251”, and one is set in “RootFlag 301” is extracted from the mesh path table 300.
On the other hand, in a case where a record storing a path to the member station is to be extracted, a record is extracted by using a set of the destination address “Dest 251” and “Nexthop 252” as the key. For example, a record in which the designated multicast address is stored in “Dest 251”, and the designated Nexthop address is stored in “Nexthop 252” is extracted from the mesh path table 300.
[Example of Generation of Multicast Mesh Path]
In
In addition,
First, as illustrated in
In addition, as illustrated in
In addition, while the information processing apparatus 102 and the information processing apparatus 103 also execute the PREQ transmission process, here, it does not have any influence on the generation of a mesh path and thus, is not illustrated in the figure.
Here, each member station (each of the information processing apparatus 102 and the information processing apparatus 103) independently generates a path for which a path metric up to the root station (the information processing apparatus 100) is minimal. For this reason, as illustrated in
For example, as illustrated in
As above, by exchanging the signals PREQ and PREP, a multicast mesh path is generated. In
An example of the mesh path table 300 generated in each information processing apparatus when the exchange of the signals PREQ and PREP illustrated in
Next, an example of the operation of each information processing apparatus will be described.
[Example of Transmission of Proactive Signal PREQ]
In this way, the proactive signal PREQ is repeatedly transmitted every time when the regular transmission timer expires. In this case, in Dest STA 234 (illustrated in
In addition, similarly to the ordinary proactive signal PREQ, in RX ADDR 222 (illustrated in
Here, in a case where an active mesh path relating to the multicast address is present, in order to configure the transmission of the signal PREQ to be reliable, it is preferable to additionally use unicast transmission for neighboring information processing apparatuses corresponding to Nexthop. This PREQ transmission process will be described in detail with reference to
In
When the proactive signal PREQ transmission process is started, the control unit 140 of the information processing apparatus 100 scans records of the mesh path table 300 (Loop L811). Then, the control unit 140 stores the multicast address of the multicast group instructed from the upper layer in Dest 251 and scans the mesh path that is generated proactively (Loop L811). Here, whether or not a mesh path is the mesh path generated proactively can be checked by referring to ProactivePath 303 (illustrated in
Then, in a case where there is a corresponding record (Loop L811), the control unit 140 extracts Nexthop 252 (illustrated in
In a case where the proactive signal PREQ has not been transmitted to Nexthop through unicast (step S813), the control unit 140 transmits the proactive signal PREQ toward Nexthop through unicast (step S814).
In a case where the proactive signal PREQ has been transmitted to Nexthop through unicast (step S813), each process described above is repeatedly executed until the scanning process ends (Loop L811).
When the scanning process ends (Loop L811), the control unit 140 transmits the proactive signal PREQ through broadcast (step S815). In this way, the proactive signal PREQ can be stably transmitted as is necessary.
As above, in a case where the information processing apparatus 100 is set as a root station transmitting a content (for example, an image content or a music content) through multicast, the control unit 140 executes control such that a path request signal PREQ requesting to generate a multicast transmission path is transmitted. In such a case, the control unit 140 stores the multicast address of the multicast group instructed from the upper layer in the destination address (Dest STA 234 (illustrated in
In addition, in a case where the path request signal PREQ is received, the control unit 140 transmits the path request signal to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the path information (the record of the mesh path table) through unicast transmission.
In
[Example of Reception of Proactive Signal PREQ]
The control unit 140 of the information processing apparatus 100 calculates a metric value (link metric value) between the transmission station (an information processing apparatus having the identifier stored in TX ADDR 223 (illustrated in
Subsequently, the control unit 140 checks a content stored in Dest STA 234 (illustrated in
On the other hand, in a case where a multicast address other than the broadcast address is stored in Dest STA 234 of the received signal PREQ (step S822), the control unit 140 executes an extraction process executed from the mesh path table 300 (step S823). In other words, the control unit 140 sets the address stored in Dest STA 234 of the received signal PREQ as the destination station (Dest 251) and extracts a record in which “1” is set in RootFlag 301 from the mesh path table 300 (step S823). In
Subsequently, the control unit 140 determines whether or not the value of SeqNum 235 (illustrated in
In a case where any one thereof is satisfied, the control unit 140 determines that the transmission station of the received signal PREQ is a candidate for a path of a minimal metric value toward the destination station of the extracted record (step S824). In such a case, the control unit 140 stores the calculated path metric value in Metric 253 (illustrated in
On the other hand, in a case where the transmission station is determined not to be a candidate for the path of a minimal metric (step S824), the process of transmitting the received signal PREQ is not executed, but the process proceeds to step S827.
Subsequently, the control unit 140 determines whether or not the transmission station of the received signal PREQ is a candidate (a candidate for a multicast path) for a transmission path toward the destination station of the extracted record (step S827). This determination may be made by using the same criterion as that of the determination of whether or not the transmission station is a “candidate for a path of a minimal metric” (step S824) or a criterion different from that of the above-described determination. The process executed in a case where the determination is made using such a different criterion will be described in detail with reference to
Here, in a case where the transmission station is determined not to be a candidate for a multicast path (a candidate for a transmission path) (step S827), the operation of the PREQ reception process ends.
On the other hand, in a case where the transmission station is determined to be a candidate for a multicast path (a candidate for a transmission path) (step S827), the control unit 140 updates the value of the TAB and records the transmission station as a path candidate (step S828). More specifically, the address of TX ADDR 223 (illustrated in
Subsequently, the control unit 140 determines whether or not the information processing apparatus 100 belongs to the multicast group of the address stored in Dest STA 234 of the received signal PREQ (step S829). In a case where the information processing apparatus 100 is set as a member station in the multicast group (step S829), the control unit 140 starts up a PREP response process (step S830). Here, after the starting-up of the PREP response process, the control unit 140 does not instantly execute the PREP response process but sets a timer for having a preparation time until the transmission of the signal PREP. Then, after the timer expires, the control unit 140 executes a PREP transmission process. This PREP transmission process will be described in detail with reference to
On the other hand, in a case where the information processing apparatus 100 does not belong to the multicast group (step S829), the operation of the PREP reception process ends without executing the PREP response process.
[Example of Transmission of Signal PREP]
The control unit 140 of the information processing apparatus 100 generates a signal PREP to be transmitted (step S841). The generation of the signal PREP, as described above, is executed by copying information stored in each field of the received signal PREQ. However, in a case where multicast transmission is executed, the identifier of the signal PREP is not stored in SeqNum 245 (illustrated in
Subsequently, the control unit 140 executes an extraction process for extraction from the mesh path table 300 (step S842). In other words, the control unit 140 sets the address stored in Dest STA 244 (illustrated in
As a value of the TAB, information recorded as a path candidate when the signal PREQ has been previously received is written. The control unit 140 determines the candidate information as regular path information (step S843). At this time point, the value of the TAB becomes the path information that is referred to when a packet is transmitted (step S843). In addition, the value of the TAB is valid until time stored in ExpTime 255 (illustrated in
Subsequently, the control unit 140 transmits the generated signal PREP toward Nexthop 252 (illustrated in
The signal PREP transmitted in this way is received by an information processing apparatus (neighboring information processing apparatus) having the identifier stored in RX ADDR 222. A PREP reception process executed by the information processing apparatus that has received the signal PREP will be described in detail with reference to
[Example of Reception of Signal PREP]
First, the control unit 140 executes an extraction process for extraction from the mesh path table 300 (step S851). In other words, the control unit 140 sets the address stored in Dest STA 244 of the received signal PREP as the destination station and extracts a record in which the address stored in TX ADDR 223 of the signal PREP is stored in Nexthop 252 (step S851). In a case where there is no corresponding record in the mesh path table 300, the control unit 140 generates a new record. In
Subsequently, the control unit 140 updates the record of the TAB (step S852). In other words, the control unit 140 stores the value of SeqNum 245 (illustrated in
The value of the TAB is valid until time stored in ExpTime 255 (until Lifetime expires). Thereafter, in a case where there is no update of the record (TAB) after the time stored in ExpTime 255, the control unit 140 discards the record from the mesh path table 300, thereby eliminating the mesh path.
Subsequently, the control unit 140 determines whether or not an apparatus to which the control unit 140 belongs is Orig STA 243 (illustrated in
On the other hand, in a case where the apparatus is not Orig STA 243 of the received signal PREP (step S853), the control unit 140 executes the PREP transmission process (step S854). In other words, the control unit 140 copies information of each field of the received signal PREP so as to generate a signal PREP. However, the link metric value is added to Metric 247 (illustrated in
In this way, the control unit 140 maintains path information relating to a communication path specified by the path request signal PREQ as a path information candidate (multicast path candidate) of multicast transmission. Then, the control unit 140 determines the path information candidate as path information of the multicast transmission at timing when the path response signal PREP used for responding to the path request signal PREQ is transmitted.
In addition, in a case where the path response signal PREP corresponding to the path request signal PREQ is received, the control unit 140 generates path information used for executing multicast transmission based on the path response signal.
Furthermore, in a case where the destination address of the path request signal PREQ is a multicast address, and the apparatus, to which the control unit 140 belongs, belongs to a group specified by the multicast address, the control unit 140 transmits the path response signal PREP.
[Example of Determination of Multicast Path Candidate]
First, the control unit 140 of the information processing apparatus 100 determines whether or not the value of SeqNum 235 (illustrated in
On the other hand, in a case where the value of SeqNum 235 of the received signal PREQ is the value of SeqNum 254 of the TAB or less (step S861), the control unit 140 determines whether or not such values coincide with each other (step S862). In a case where such values do not coincide with each other (step S862), the control unit 140 determines that the path of the signal PREQ is not set as a path candidate (step S866).
On the other hand, in a case where such values coincide with each other (step S862), the control unit 140 determines whether or not the value stored in metric 237 (illustrated in
On the other hand, in a case where the value stored in metric 237 of the received signal PREQ is smaller than the value stored in metric 253 of the TAB (step S863), the control unit 140 makes a comparison of the link metric value (step S864). In other words, the control unit 140 determines whether or not the calculated link metric value (calculated in step S821 illustrated in
In a case where the calculated link metric value is the value stored in Link_metric 302 of the TAB or more (step S864), the control unit 140 determines that the path of the signal PREQ is not set as a path candidate (step S866).
On the other hand, in a case where the calculated link metric value is smaller than the value stored in Link_metric 302 of the TAB (step S864), the control unit 140 determines the path of the signal PREQ as a path candidate (step S865).
By determining as such, a mesh path candidate toward the employed root station can be determined not based on an accumulated value of the metric but based on the magnitude of a link metric that is necessary for adding the apparatus to the entire mesh path tree.
For example, in the example illustrated in
In such a case, in the example illustrated in
In this case, it is important to secure that the information processing apparatus 101 does not make the same determination (setting the information processing apparatus 102 as a path candidate toward the root station). For this reason, in the example illustrated in
In this way, the control unit 140 may make the determination for transmitting the path request signal PREQ and the determination for maintaining the path information relating to the communication path specified by the path request signal as a path information candidate based on mutually-different criteria. In such a case, based on a result of the comparison between each metric value and each link metric value, the control unit 140 can make the determination for maintaining the path information candidate. For example, a metric value included in the path request signal, a link metric value of the path request signal for the transmission station, a metric value maintained as the path information candidate, and a link metric value for a neighboring station specified by the path information candidate are compared with each other. Then, based on a result of the comparison, the control unit 140 can execute the determination used for maintaining the path information candidate.
[Example of Generation of Multicast Mesh Path]
Here, an example is illustrated in which a multicast mesh path of a multicast address Addr-A is generated by the multicast path candidate determining process illustrated in
This generation example is partly common to that of
First, as illustrated in
In addition, as illustrated in
In addition, while the information processing apparatus 102 and the information processing apparatus 103 also execute the PREQ transmission process, here, it does not have any influence on the generation of a mesh path and thus, is not illustrated in the figure.
Subsequently, each information processing apparatus, as illustrated in
For example, the information processing apparatus 103 receives only one signal PREQ. For this reason, similarly to the example illustrated in
Here, in a case where the multicast path candidate determining process is used, the operation of the information processing apparatus 102 is different from that of the example illustrated in
In this way, by exchanging the signals PREQ and PREP, a multicast mesh path is generated. In
An example of the mesh path table 300 generated in each information processing apparatus when the exchange of the signals PREQ and PREP illustrated in
[Example of Transmission of Packet Addressed to Multicast Address]
By executing each process described above, each information processing apparatus configuring the communication system 10 can determine a path through which a packet addressed to a multicast address is relayed. Then, each information processing apparatus can maintain the path information in the mesh path table 300.
In addition, in order to transmit a data packet addressed to a multicast address, each information processing apparatus can determine an information processing apparatus to be designated as the reception station for transmitting a packet by referring to the mesh path table 300. In other words, by referring to the mesh path table 300, an information processing apparatus to be designated in RX ADDR 222 (illustrated in
First, the control unit 140 of the information processing apparatus 100 determines whether or not there is a record of which Dest 251 (illustrated in
In a case where there is no matching record (step S871), the control unit 140 transmits the packet addressed to the multicast address with being loaded in a data packet format (illustrated in
On the other hand, in a case where there is a matching record (step S871), the control unit 140 transmits the packet addressed to the multicast address with being loaded in a data packet format (illustrated in
Here, in a case where a record of the mesh path table 300 is extracted for the purpose of referring to the path information at the time of transmission of a data packet, the record can be extracted by using a destination address as the key. In addition, in a case where there are a plurality of records having the destination address as the destination, all the records can be extracted (Loop L872). Then, unicast transmission is executed for a neighboring information processing apparatus designated by Nexthop 252 (illustrated in
In a case where a reception packet is transmitted, similarly, in a case where the reception packet is received in the data packet format used for unicast, the mesh path table 300 is referred to by using the multicast address stored in Dst ADDR 214 as the key (Loop L872).
In such a case, the control unit 140 executes unicast transmission for an information processing apparatus designated by Nexthop 252 of each record that has been extracted (step S875). However, when the reception packet is transmitted (step S873), the transmission source of the packet is excluded from the transmission target (step S874).
In this way, in a case where a content is transmitted to a plurality of information processing apparatuses through multicast, the control unit 140 transmits the content to a neighboring information processing apparatus specified by the path information (a record of the mesh path table) through unicast.
[Example of Reception of Packet Addressed to Multicast Address]
Next, an example of a case where a packet addressed to a multicast address is received will be described.
For example, in a case where a packet of “Dst ADDR=multicast address” is received, the control unit 140 of the information processing apparatus 100 checks whether or not a frame storing the same content has already been received. In this case, recent multicast cache (RMC) checking, which is a duplicate packet reception checking process, executed at the time of reception of an ordinary multicast packet can be reused.
In a case where there is a sign of recent reception of a frame of the same pair (in other words, in a case where the frame is stored in the RMC) by referring to Src ADDR and the mesh sequence number of the packet, the received frame is discarded. By executing this process, a duplicate packet is not delivered to the upper layer.
In addition, when a packet (a packet of which DST ADDR is set to Addr-A) addressed to Addr-A is received, the information processing apparatus 100 checks whether or not the apparatus participates in the multicast group of Addr-A. Then, in a case where the apparatus participates in the multicast group of Addr-A, the information processing apparatus 100 sets the packet as a target to be exchanged with the upper layer. On the other hand, in a case where the apparatus does not participate in the multicast group of Addr-A, the packet is not exchanged with the upper layer.
In this way, according to the embodiment of the present technology, when multicast transmission (delivery) is executed within a mesh network, a mesh path used for multicast can be generated with a minimal overhead. In addition, robust transmission additionally using the ARQ can be executed. Furthermore, transmission of an unnecessary packet can be avoided, and accordingly, efficient transmission can be executed.
In other words, in the embodiment of the present technology, robust multicast transmission can be executed in a mesh network. In addition, by using a multicast mesh path, robust transmission additionally using the ARQ can be executed. In other words, robust transmission additionally using the ARQ using the unicast packet format from the information processing apparatus that is the transmission source of a data packet to each information processing apparatus belonging to the multicast group within the mesh network can be executed. Furthermore, efficient multi-hop relay is executed, and information of the multicast can be transmitted also to information processing apparatuses at which electric waves do not directly arrive.
The technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable to various products. For example, the information processing apparatuses 100 to 103 may be realized as a mobile terminal such as a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a notebook PC, a mobile gaming terminal, or a digital camera, a fixed terminal such as a television set, a printer, a digital scanner, or a network storage, or an in-vehicle terminal such as a car navigation apparatus. In addition, the information processing apparatuses 100 to 103 may be realized as a terminal (also referred to as a machine type communication (MTC) terminal) that executes machine to machine (M2M) communication such as a smart meter, an automatic vending machine, a remote monitoring apparatus or a point of sale (POS) terminal. Furthermore, the information processing apparatuses 100 to 103 may be a radio communication module (for example, an integrated circuit module configured by one die) mounted on each of the terminals.
The processor 901, for example, may be a central processing unit (CPU) or a system on chip (SoC) and controls the functions of an application layer and the other layers of the smartphone 900. The memory 902 includes a random access memory (RAM) and a read only memory (ROM) and stores programs executed by the processor 901 and data. The storage 903 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk. The external connection interface 904 is an interface that is used for connecting an externally-attached device such as a memory card or a universal serial bus (USB) device to the smartphone 900.
The camera 906, for example, includes imaging devices such as charge coupled devices (CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) and generates a captured image. The sensor 907, for example, may include a sensor group of a positioning sensor, a gyro sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, and the like. The microphone 908 converts speech input to the smartphone 900 into an audio signal. The input device 909, for example, includes a touch sensor detecting a touch on a screen of the display device 910, a keypad, a keyboard, a button, a switch, or the like and receives an operation or an information input from the user. The display device 910 includes a screen of a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or the like and displays an output image of the smartphone 900. The speaker 911 converts an audio signal output from the smartphone 900 into speech.
The radio communication interface 913 supports one or more wireless LAN standards such as IEEE802.11a, 11b, 11g, 11n, 11ac, and 11ad and executes radio communication. The radio communication interface 913 can communicate with the other apparatuses through a wireless LAN access point in an infrastructure mode. In addition, in a direct communication mode such as an ad hoc mode or a Wi-Fi direct mode, the radio communication interface 913 can directly communicate with other apparatuses. In the Wi-Fi Direct mode, while one of two terminals operates as an access point, differently from the ad hoc mode, the communication process is directly executed between the terminals. The radio communication interface 913, typically, may include; a baseband processor; a radio frequency (RF) circuit, a power amplifier, and the like. The radio communication interface 913 may be a one-chip module in which a memory storing a communication control program, a processor executing the program, and related circuits are integrated. The radio communication interface 913 may support a radio communication system of a different type such as a near field radio communication system, a proximity wireless communication system, or a cellular communication system in addition to the wireless LAN system. The antenna switch 914 switches a connection destination of the antenna 915 among a plurality of circuits (for example, circuits for mutually-different radio communication systems) included in the radio communication interface 913. The antenna 915 includes one or a plurality of antenna devices (for example, a plurality of antenna devices configuring a MIMO antenna) and is used for transmitting and receiving a radio signal through the radio communication interface 913.
In addition, the smartphone 900 is not limited to the example illustrated in
The bus 917 interconnects: the processor 901; the memory 902; the storage 903; the external connection interface 904; the camera 906; the sensor 907; the microphone 908; the input device 909; the display device 910; the speaker 911; the radio communication interface 913; and the auxiliary controller 919. The battery 918 supplies power to each block of the smartphone 900 illustrated in
In the smartphone 900 illustrated in
In addition, the smartphone 900 may operate as a radio access point (software AP) as the processor 901 executes an access point function in an application level. Furthermore, the radio communication interface 913 may have the radio access point function.
The processor 921, for example, is a CPU or a SoC and controls the navigation function and the other functions of the car navigation apparatus 920. The memory 922 includes a RAM and a ROM and stores programs executed by the processor 921 and data.
The GPS module 924 measures the position (for example, the longitude, the latitude, and the altitude) of the car navigation apparatus 920 by using GPS signals received from GPS satellites. The sensor 925, for example, may include a sensor group of a gyro sensor, a geo magnetic sensor, an atmosphere pressure sensor, and the like. The data interface 926, for example, is connected to an in-vehicle network 941 through a terminal not illustrated in the figure and acquires data such as vehicle speed data that is generated on the vehicle side.
The content player 927 reproduces a content stored on a storage medium (for example, a CD or a DVD) inserted in the storage medium interface 928. The input device 929, for example, includes a touch sensor detecting a touch on the screen of the display device 930, a button, a switch, or the like and receives an operation or an information input from the user. The display device 930 includes the screen of an LCD, an OLED display, or the like and displays an image of the navigation function or a reproduced content. The speaker 931 outputs an audio of the navigation function or the reproduced content.
The radio communication interface 933 supports one or more wireless LAN standards such as IEEE802.11a, 11b, 11g, 11n, 11ac, and 11ad and executes radio communication. The radio communication interface 933 can communicate with the other apparatuses through a wireless LAN access point in an infrastructure mode. In addition, in a direct communication mode such as an ad hoc mode or a Wi-Fi direct mode, the radio communication interface 933 can directly communicate with other apparatuses. The radio communication interface 933, typically, may include; a baseband processor; an RF circuit, a power amplifier, and the like. The radio communication interface 933 may be a one-chip module in which a memory storing a communication control program, a processor executing the program, and related circuits are integrated. The radio communication interface 933 may support a radio communication system of a different type such as a near field radio communication system, a proximity wireless communication system, or a cellular communication system in addition to the wireless LAN system. The antenna switch 934 switches a connection destination of the antenna 935 among a plurality of circuits included in the radio communication interface 933. The antenna 935 includes one or a plurality of antenna devices and is used for transmitting and receiving a radio signal through the radio communication interface 933.
In addition, the car navigation apparatus 920 is not limited to the example illustrated in
The battery 938 supplies power to each block of the car navigation apparatus 920 illustrated in
In the car navigation apparatus 920 illustrated in
In addition, the technology relating to the present disclosure may be realized as an in-vehicle system (or a vehicle) 940 that includes one or more blocks of the car navigation apparatus 920 described above, the in-vehicle network 941, and a vehicle-side module 942. The vehicle-side module 942 generates vehicle-side data such as vehicle speed, engine revolution speed, or malfunction information and outputs the generated data to the in-vehicle network 941.
The embodiment described above illustrates an example for implementing the present technology, and an item of the embodiment and a specified item of claims have a correspondence relation. Similarly, a specified item of the claims and an item of the embodiment of the present technology, to which the same name is assigned, have a correspondence relation. However, the present technology is not limited to the embodiment but may be realized by applying various changes to the embodiment in a range not departing from the concept thereof.
In addition, the processing sequence described in the above-described embodiment may be perceived as a method having such a series of the sequence and may be perceived as a program causing a computer to execute such a series of the sequence or a recording medium storing the program. As the recording medium, for example, a compact disc (CD), a MiniDisc (MD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a memory card, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disc, or the like can be used.
The advantages described here are merely examples, and the advantages are not limited thereto, but other advantages may be acquired.
The present technology may take the following configurations as well.
(1)
An information processing apparatus in a mesh network, comprising: circuitry configured to when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a root node for multicast transmission: transmit a path request for multicast to other information processing apparatuses in the mesh network;
(2)
The information processing apparatus of (1), wherein when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a member node for multicast transmission, the circuitry is further configured to: determine information for a multicast path candidate in response to a request from another information processing apparatus in the mesh network; and transmit the information for the multicast path candidate to the other information processing apparatus in response to the request.
(3)
The information processing apparatus of (2), wherein when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a member node for multicast transmission, the circuitry is further configured to forward the path request for multicast to a further information processing apparatus and receive a response from the further information processing apparatus.
(4)
The information processing apparatus of (3), when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a member node for multicast transmission, the circuitry is further configured to increment a hop count in the path request for multicast before forwarding the path request multicast to the further information processing apparatus.
(5)
The information processing apparatus of any one of (1) to (4), wherein when the information processing apparatus is allocated as the root node for multicast transmission, the circuitry is further configured to determine the path for multicast based on path metric values included in the responses received from the other information processing apparatuses.
(6)
The information processing apparatus of any one of (1) to (5), wherein when the information processing apparatus is not allocated as the root node or a member node for multicast transmission, the circuitry is configured to:
determine information for a multicast path candidate in response to a request from another information processing apparatus in the mesh network; and transmit the information for the multicast path candidate to the other information processing apparatus in response to the request.
(7)
The information processing apparatus of (3) or (4), wherein the circuitry is further configured to forward the path request for multicast to the further information processing apparatus using unicast transmission.
(8)
The information processing apparatus of any one of (1) to (7), wherein when the information processing apparatus is allocated as the root node for multicast transmission, the circuitry is further configured to generate a multicast path table based on the responses received from the other information processing apparatuses.
(9)
The information processing apparatus of (8), wherein the circuitry is further configured to update the multicast path table periodically.
(10)
The information processing apparatus of (9), wherein the circuitry is further configured to update the multicast path table by transmitting another path request for multicast to the other information processing apparatuses.
(11)
The information processing apparatus of any one of (8) to (10), wherein the root node and each member node of a multicast transmission maintain a multicast path table.
(12)
The information processing apparatus of any one of (1) to (11), wherein when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a root node for multicast transmission, the circuitry is further configured to select a multicast transmission path based on path metrics included in the responses.
(13)
The information processing apparatus of (12), wherein determination of whether the information processing apparatus is allocated as the root node for the multicast transmission is made based on the path metrics included in the responses.
(14)
The information processing apparatus of (12) or (13), wherein the path metrics include a link metric representing a cost of adding the information processing apparatus to the path for multicast.
(15)
The information processing apparatus of (14), wherein the information processing apparatus is allocated as the root node when the link path metric indicates a lowest cost of adding the information processing apparatus to the path for multicast with respect to costs of adding the other information processing apparatuses to the path for multicast.
(16)
The information processing apparatus of (14) or (15), wherein the information processing apparatus communicates with the other information processing apparatuses over a wireless local area network connection.
(17)
An information processing method for an information processing apparatus in a mesh network, comprising: when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a root node for multicast transmission: transmitting, with circuitry, a path request for multicast to other information processing apparatuses in the mesh network;
determining, with the circuitry, a path for multicast based on responses received from the other information processing apparatuses; and performing, with the circuitry, multicast transmission of data via the determined path for multicast.
(18)
The information processing method of (17), wherein when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a member node for multicast transmission, the method further comprises: determining information for a multicast path candidate in response to a request from another information processing apparatus in the mesh network; and transmitting the information for the multicast path candidate to the other information processing apparatus in response to the request.
(19)
A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with computer-readable instructions thereon that, when executed by an information processing apparatus in a mesh network, cause the information processing apparatus to perform a method comprising:
(20)
The non-transitory computer-readable medium of (19), further comprising: when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a member node for multicast transmission: determining information for a multicast path candidate in response to a request from another information processing apparatus in the mesh network; and transmitting the information for the multicast path candidate to the other information processing apparatus in response to the request.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-232692 | Nov 2014 | JP | national |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/005522 | 11/4/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016/079940 | 5/26/2016 | WO | A |
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