This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-032874 filed on Feb. 27, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
A certain aspect of the embodiments described herein relates to an information processing device, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, and a work plan editing support method.
An information processing device which performs process design for line production assigns tasks to persons (workers) and automated machines such as robots, and then presents individual workloads to a process designer with use of a workload chart (a piling chart).
When all combination are searched in order to obtain an optimal working order at the time of the process design, the search time becomes extremely longer and impractical, and therefore the information processing device searches for an appropriate process plan by a local search method. In this case, since the searched process plan may not be an optimal solution, the information processing device presents the workload chart to the process designer to cause the process designer to check the appropriateness of the assignment result as described above, and accepts modification of the workload chart by the process designer if necessary.
Document 1 (Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2009-297880) discloses an article management system capable of preventing generation of useless time caused by a storage place of articles during a cooperative operation between a person and a robot. Document 2 (Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2010-211726) discloses a simulation method of production work simulation performed by cooperation between an operator and a robot.
According to an aspect of the embodiments, there is provided an information processing device comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: calculate, when an assignment destination of a single task assigned to a person is changed to one of a plurality of arms of a robot in a state where tasks are assigned to the person and each arm of the robot, a working time of the person and a working time of the robot after the change of the assignment destination; compare the calculated working time of the person with the calculated working time of the robot; and generate a warning when the working time of the robot is longer than the working time of the person as a result of comparison.
The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The process designer needs to be careful to meet a constraint condition on the work order of each work and a constraint condition on working time when modifying the process plan. However, the process designer may not notice that the constraint conditions are not met in the middle of modifying the process plan. When the modification of the process plan is advanced even though it does not meet the constraint conditions, it is likely not to be able to obtain an appropriate process plan.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of an information processing device that assists designing a process plan (also called work plan) by a process designer will be described in detail with reference to
An information processing device 10 of the present embodiment generates a process plan (an assignment plan of tasks to a person and a robot) in an assembly line including a person and a robot and displays the generated process plan. When a change request for the displayed process plan is submitted from the process designer, the information processing device 10 changes the process plan based on the change request and displays the process plan after the change.
In the present embodiment, in the assembly line, a product is conveyed from one station to another station by a conveyor (not illustrated). A person or a robot is assigned to each station of the assembly line. The person or the robot assigned to each station executes tasks assigned according to the process plan to the product conveyed in the assembly line to produce products. The number of persons and the number of robots are freely selected. Thus, the number of robots may be one or two or more.
The input reception unit 20 receives information on tasks required to be executed in a production line and information on a priority of each task, which are input by a process designer through the input unit 95, and stores the information in the task DB 50 and the priority DB 52. In addition, when the process designer inputs information to modify the process plan displayed on the display unit 93, the input reception unit 20 receives input of the modification information, and transmits the modification information to the process plan change unit 28.
In
Here, the present embodiment uses a robot M1 having two arms R1 and R2 as the robot, as illustrated in
Referring back to
The robotization task extraction unit 22 extracts a task to be assigned to a robot from tasks to be executed in the assembly line. More specifically, the robotization task extraction unit 22 extracts the task to be assigned to the robot based on a positional relationship between the person and the robot in the assembly line, the information in the task DB 50 (for example, the information indicating whether each task is able to be assigned to the robot), and the like.
The process plan formulation unit 24 assigns tasks to the person and the robot assigned to each station of the assembly line by using the extraction results by the robotization task extraction unit 22 to formulate a process plan. The process plan formulation unit 24 assigns tasks to the person and the robot assigned to each station according to a local search method such as taboo search and an annealing method, in consideration of a plurality of parameters including parameters about workability of the person and the robot. The parameters include temporal variability among stations, a parameter indicating whether the same tool is integrated in a particular station, and a parameter indicating whether the priority defined in the priority DB 52 is followed.
The display control unit 26 generates a screen that displays a workload chart (a piling chart) of the process plan formulated by the process plan formulation unit 24, and displays the generated display screen on the display unit 93. For example, the display control unit 26 displays the display screen of the process plan as illustrated in
When the process plan change unit 28 receives, from the input reception unit 20, the change request of the process plan (i.e., the change request of the assignment destination of each task) input by the process designer who saw the display screen of the process plan formulated by the process plan formulation unit 24, the process plan change unit 28 performs a process to change the process plan. Here, the process to be executed by the process plan change unit 28 is described later in detail.
When the process plan change unit 28 changes the process plan in accordance with the change request from the process designer, the warning unit 30 determines whether the changed process plan meets a prescribed condition, and generates a warning when the changed process plan does not meet the prescribed condition.
(Regarding Process of Process Plan Change Unit 28 and Warning Unit 30)
Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given of the process to be executed by the process plan change unit 28 and the warning unit 30 along a flowchart of
In
In the process of
At step S12, the process plan change unit 28 acquires a length (i.e., a time period) of the selected non-operating time zone. When the process designer selects the non-operating time zone α, the process plan change unit 28 acquires the length of the non-operating time zone α.
Next, at step S14, the process plan change unit 28 acquires tasks assigned before and after the selected non-operating time zone to extract a task that does not violate an order constraint from a person process. That is, the process plan change unit 28 acquires tasks to be executed immediately before and after the selected non-operating time zone α from the workload chart, and extracts the task that does not violate the order constraint even if being performed between the two acquired tasks, from the tasks assigned to the person, with reference to the priority DB 52. Here, it is assumed that the tasks B, C, D and E assigned to the person (#1) illustrated in
Next, at step S16, the process plan change unit 28 acquires the time required when the robot executes the extracted tasks, and compares the acquired time with the length of the non-operating time zone. In this case, the process plan change unit 28 acquires the sum of working times of “working subject=robot” regarding the extracted tasks B, C, D and E, with reference to the task DB 50 of
Next, at step S18, the process plan change unit 28 identifies one or more tasks in which the time required when the robot executes the task is similar to the length of the non-operating time zone in a range that does not exceed the length of the non-operating time zone. Here, it is assumed as an example that the time required when the robot executes the tasks B and E is similar to the time period of the non-operating time zone α in the range that does not exceed the time period of the non-operating time zone α (e.g. a time difference is within a prescribed range).
Next, at step S20, the process plan change unit 28 highlights the identified tasks. For example, the process plan change unit 28 presents, to the process designer, that the tasks B and E are movable to the non-operating time zone α by displaying the tasks B and E with thick line frames or displaying the tasks B and E with a changed color, as illustrated in
Next, at step S22, the process plan change unit 28 waits until one of the highlighted tasks is selected. When the process designer selects the task E through the input unit 95, for example, the process plan change unit 28 moves the process to step S24.
At step S24, the process plan change unit 28 assigns the selected task to the selected non-operating time zone of the robot. Here, the task E is assigned to the non-operating time zone α, as illustrated in
Next, at step S26, the process plan change unit 28 adjusts the process plan in consideration of interference avoidance of two arms and the synchronization of a cooperative task. In an example of
Next, at step S28, the process plan change unit 28 calculates the working time of the person (hereinafter referred to as “CT: Cycle Time”) and the working time of the robot (hereinafter referred to as “MCT: Machine Cycle Time”). Here, the CT and the MCT are times illustrated in
Next, at step S30, the process plan change unit 28 compares the CT with the MCT. Then, at step S32, the warning unit 30 determines whether the MCT is longer than the CT.
Since the MCT is longer than the CT in an example of
At step S34, the warning unit 30 displays a warning screen. For example, a warning screen 102 is superposed and displayed on the display screen of the process plan, as illustrated in
Next, at step S36, the process plan change unit 28 determines whether to cancel changing the assignment destination. For example, when the process designer presses the “Yes” button, the determination at step S36 becomes No and all process of
At step S38, the process plan change unit 28 returns the assignment destination to an original state. When the “No” button is pressed in the screen of FIG. 10B, the process plan change unit 28 returns the screen to a state of
Even after all process of
When the process plan change unit 28 identifies the tasks assigned to the person process at step S18, the process plan change unit 28 do not have to identify tasks which take a longer working time than a difference between the working time of the person (#1) and the working time of the robot (M1) (i.e., tasks which take a long working time when the working subject is the person). That is, the tasks in which the MCT is longer than the CT at the stage of step S24 do not have to be identified from the beginning (i.e., the process designer may be prevented from selecting such tasks from the beginning).
(Regarding Another Example)
Next, a description will be given of another example of the process plan.
It is assumed in this example that the process designer selects the waiting time (“Wait”) as the non-operating time zone (step S10 in
In this case, although the task E is assigned to the waiting time of the robot as illustrated in
After the assignment of the task E is changed to the arm R1 of the robot M1 as described above, the process plan change unit 28 calculates the working time (“CT”) of the person and the working time (“MCT”) of the robot to compare the CT with the MCT (steps S28 and S30). Then, when the MCT is longer than the CT as illustrated in
Here, it is assumed in another example that the operation “Move” of the task J of the arm R2 is the interference operation as illustrated in
As is evident from the above-mentioned description, in the present embodiment, the process plan change unit 28 serves as a calculation unit that calculates the working time of the person and the working time of the robot after the assignment destination of the task is changed, and a comparison unit that compares the working time of the person calculated by the calculation unit with the working time of the robot calculated by the calculation unit. Moreover, the process plan change unit 28 serves as a presentation unit that, when the process designer selects a single non-operating time zone from the non-operating time zones of each arm of the robot, identifies and presents a task assigned to the person, in which the assignment destination is changeable to the selected non-operating time zone.
As described above in detail, in the present embodiment, when the assignment destination of a single task assigned to the person is changed to any one of the arms of the robot in a state where tasks are assigned to the person and each arm of the robot M1 having the two arms R1 and R2 (e.g. a state of
In the present embodiment, the warning unit 30 displays a warning that is selectable whether to allow the change of the assignment destination on the warning screen (i.e. the waning is displayed along with “Yes” and “No” buttons). Thereby, the process designer can determine whether to continue the change of the assignment destination based on self-determination, and therefore the degree of freedom of the process design can be given to the process designer.
In the present embodiment, the process plan change unit 28 calculates the working time (MCT) of the robot in consideration of whether the operation included in each task assigned to each of the arms R1 and R2 of the robot M1 is the operation in the interference region or non-interference region. Thereby, since the working time (MCT) of the robot can be calculated in consideration of the waiting time that occurs to prevent multiple arms from performing the interference operation at the same time, it is possible to properly perform the warning even when the working time of the robot increases by the occurrence of the wait time and the MCT exceeds the CT.
In the present embodiment, the process plan change unit 28 calculates the working time (MCT) of the robot based on whether the operation included in each task assigned to each of the arms R1 and R2 of the robot M1 is an operation which the plurality of arms cooperatively execute. Thereby, since the working time (MCT) of the robot can be calculated in consideration of the waiting time required for the cooperative operation of the plurality of arms, it is possible to properly perform the warning even when the working time of the robot increases by the occurrence of the wait time and the MCT exceeds the CT.
In the present embodiment, when the process plan change unit 28 receives the selection of a single non-operating time zone from the non-operating time zones of each of the arms R1 and R2 of the robot M1, the process plan change unit 28 identifies and highlights a task assigned to the person, in which the assignment destination is changeable to the selected non-operating time zone (steps S18 and S20). Then, when the process plan change unit 28 receives the selection of the highlighted task, the process plan change unit 28 calculates the working time (MCT) of the robot after the selected task is assigned to the selected non-operating time zone, and calculates the working time (CT) of the person excluding a working time for the selected task. Thereby, since the process designer is allowed to receive presentation of a task which is likely to be assigned to the non-working time zone of the arm from among tasks assigned to the person, the assignment destination of the presented task can be easily changed by selecting the presented task.
The above embodiment has described a case where the display of the warning screen 102 on the display unit 93 gives the warning to the process designer, but this does not intend to suggest any limitation, and the warning may be given by voice, warning sound or the like.
The above embodiment has described a case where the robot has two arms, but this does not intend to suggest any limitation, and the robot may have three or more arms.
The above-described processing functions are implemented by a computer. In this case, a program in which processing details of the functions to be achieved by a processing device (CPU) are written are provided. The execution of the program by the computer allows the computer to implement the above described processing functions. The program in which the processing details are written can be stored in a storage medium (however, excluding carrier waves) readable by a computer.
When the program is distributed, it may be sold in the form of a portable storage medium such as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) or a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) storing the program. The program may be stored in a storage device of a server computer, and the program may be transferred from the server computer to another computer over a network.
A computer executing the program stores the program stored in a portable storage medium or transferred from a server computer in its own storage device. The computer then reads the program from its own storage device, and executes a process according to the program. The computer may directly read the program from a portable storage medium, and execute a process according to the program. Alternatively, the computer may successively execute a process, every time the program is transferred from a server computer, according to the received program.
All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions, nor does the organization of such examples in the specification relate to a showing of the superiority and inferiority of the invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that the various change, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2018-032874 | Feb 2018 | JP | national |