Patent Grant
7340156
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information storage medium such as an optical disk of a high recording density type, which is capable of recording information such as video information, audio information and the like at a high density, and which is represented by a DVD (Digital Video or Versatile Disk). The present invention also relates to a recording apparatus for recording the information onto the information storage medium, and a reproduction apparatus for reproducing the information from the information storage medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a so-called LD (Laser Disk) and a so-called CD (Compact Disk) are generalized as optical disks, on which information such as video information, audio information and the like is recorded.
On the LD or the like, the video information and the audio information are recorded together with time information indicating a time at which each information is to be reproduced with respect to a reproduction start position of each LD or the like, serving as a standard position. Thus, in case of the CD for example, other than a normal reproduction to reproduce the recorded information in the order of recording, various special reproductions are possible, such as a reproduction to extract and listen to only desirable music pieces out of a plurality of recorded music pieces, a reproduction to listen to the recorded music pieces in a random order and so on.
However, there is a problem that, according to the above mentioned LD or the like, a so-called interactive and variegated reproduction is not possible in which the audience can have a plurality of selection branches as for the video or audio information to be displayed or sound-outputted and in which the audience can select them to watch or listen to it.
Namely, it is impossible for a user to choose the language used in the subtitle on the screen (e.g., from subtitle of Japanese and the original language) in the case of watching a foreign movie recorded on a LD or to choose the voices of a song (e.g., from English voices or Japanese voices) in the case of listening to the music recorded on a CD.
Nowadays, apart from the above-mentioned conventional CD, it is proposed and developed a DVD which is an optical disc which disc size is identical to CD and which recording capacity is enhanced to be approximately ten times larger than that of CD. By recording the subtitles and/or voices of plural languages on the DVD, the user can select one of those plural languages to enjoy the interactive and variegated playback.
In the DVD, plural audio information of various attributes such as the coding mode, the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number, the number of channels, the emphasis added or not added and the like (hereinafter referred to as “audio attribute”) may be recorded in a mixed manner on a single DVD.
However, when reproducing audio information of different audio attributes, the reproduction apparatus should perform appropriate reproduction in conformity with those different audio attributes. For example, when reproducing and outputting audio information from the speaker, it is required to convert digital audio information recorded on the DVD into analog audio information and then supply it to the amplifier and the speaker. In such a case, if two songs to be successively reproduced have different sampling frequencies (e.g., the first song has the sampling frequency of 48 kHz and the second song has the sampling frequency of 96 kHz), the reproduction apparatus recognizes the different sampling frequencies for the first time when it reads audio data of the second song, after the playback of the first song, and then starts the processing to change the clock frequency of the D/A converter from 48 kHz to 96 kHz. However, it takes some time for the PLL (Phase Locked Loop) circuit to lock-in the changed frequency, and hence the frequency change may not be completed before starting the playback of the second song, thereby resulting in an incorrect playback of the initial portion of the second song. Such a problem may take place not only for the sampling frequency but for the difference of other audio attributes such as the quantization bit number, the emphasis added or not added, and the like.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an information storage medium from which recorded songs to be successively reproduced and having different audio attributes may be correctly and smoothly reproduced in conformity with the different attributes.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a recording apparatus for the above information storage medium, and a reproduction apparatus for the above information storage medium.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an information storage medium including: a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced independently of each other; aggregate audio information each including one or more of the unit audio information; unit attribute information indicating attributes of the unit audio information included in the aggregate audio information; and aggregate attribute information including the unit attribute information corresponding to the aggregate audio information recorded on the storage medium.
In accordance with the information storage medium, the plurality of unit audio information and the aggregate audio information are recorded. In addition, the unit attribute information indicating attributes of the unit audio information is recorded, and further the unit attribute information for all aggregate audio information on the information storage medium is recorded as the aggregate attribute information. Therefore, by referring to the aggregate attribute information, the attributes of all the unit audio information may be readily and quickly obtained.
In one preferred feature, the aggregate attribute information may be recorded at a position on the storage medium which is read prior to any other portions. Therefore, the aggregate attribute information is read first when the information storage medium is set to a reproduction apparatus, thereby enabling the reproduction control based on the aggregate attribute information.
The aggregate attribute information may include information of at least a sampling frequency and a quantization bit number used to a coding of the unit audio information, and a channel number.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reproduction apparatus for an information storage medium including: a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced independently of each other; aggregate audio information each including one or more of the unit audio information; unit attribute information indicating attributes of the unit audio information included in the aggregate audio information; and aggregate attribute information including the unit attribute information corresponding to the aggregate audio information recorded on the storage medium, the apparatus including: a reading unit for reading information from the information storage medium; a storage unit for storing the aggregate attribute information read by the reading unit; an input unit for receiving, from a user, a reproduction instruction designating a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced successively; and a reproduction unit for setting the attribute for the reproduction based on the aggregate attribute information stored in the storage unit and for reproducing the unit audio information designated by the user in accordance with the attribute set, wherein the reproduction unit including: an obtaining unit for obtaining the attribute corresponding to each of the plurality of unit audio information designated by the user from the aggregate attribute information stored in the storage unit; a determining unit for determining whether or not the obtained attributes of the unit audio information to be successively reproduced are identical; and an attribute change unit for starting an attribute setting of the unit audio information to be reproduced next immediately after the reproduction of the unit audio information currently reproduced, if the determining unit determines that the attributes are different.
According to similar aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reproduction method of an information storage medium including: a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced independently of each other; aggregate audio information each including one or more of the unit audio information; unit attribute information indicating attributes of the unit audio information included in the aggregate audio information; and aggregate attribute information including the unit attribute information corresponding to the aggregate audio information recorded on the storage medium, the method including the steps of: reading the aggregate attribute information from the information storage medium to store the read information into a storage unit; receiving, from a user, a reproduction instruction designating a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced successively; setting the attribute for the reproduction based on the aggregate attribute information stored in the storage unit; and reproducing the unit audio information designated by the user in accordance with the attribute set, wherein the reproducing step including the steps of: obtaining the attributes corresponding to each of the plurality of unit audio information designated by the user from the aggregate attribute information stored in the storage unit; determining whether or not the attributes of the unit audio information to be reproduced successively are identical; and starting an attribute setting of the unit audio information to be reproduced next immediately after the reproduction of the unit audio information currently reproduced, if it is determined in the determining step that the attributes are different.
In accordance with the apparatus and the method, first the aggregate attribute information is read out from the information storage medium and then is stored in the storage unit. Next, the user inputs the reproduction instruction designating a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced successively. The attributes are set based on the aggregate attribute information stored in the storage unit, and the unit audio information designated by the user are reproduced in accordance with the attributes thus set. Specifically in the reproduction, the attribute for each of the unit audio information designated by the user is obtained from the aggregate attribute information in the storage unit, and then it is determined whether or not the attributes of the unit audio information to be successively reproduced are identical. If the attributes are different, the attribute of the unit audio information to be reproduced next is set immediately after the reproduction of the unit audio information currently reproduced.
Therefore, since the attribute of the unit audio information to be reproduced next can be obtained from the aggregate attribute information, the attribute change of the reproduction apparatus may be readily and quickly performed even if the attributes of the unit audio information to be successively reproduced are different and hence the attribute change is required in the reproduction apparatus.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reproduction apparatus for an information storage medium including: a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced independently of each other; aggregate audio information each including one or more of the unit audio information; and unit attribute information indicating attributes of the unit audio information included in the aggregate audio information, the apparatus including: a reading unit for reading information from the information storage medium; a table producing unit for obtaining the unit attribute information corresponding to the aggregate audio information recorded on the storage medium from the reading unit and for producing an aggregate attribute information table; a storage unit for storing the aggregate attribute information table produced by the table producing unit; an input unit for receiving, from a user, a reproduction instruction designating a plurality of the unit audio information to be reproduced successively; and a reproduction unit for setting the attribute for the reproduction based on the aggregate attribute information table stored in the storage unit and for reproducing the unit audio information designated by the user in accordance with the attribute set, wherein the reproduction unit including: an obtaining unit for obtaining the attributes corresponding to each of the plurality of unit audio information designated by the user from the aggregate attribute information table stored in the storage unit; a determining unit for determining whether or not the obtained attributes of the unit audio information to be successively reproduced are identical; and an attribute change unit for starting an attribute setting of the unit audio information to be reproduced next immediately after the reproduction of the unit audio information currently reproduced, if the determining unit determines that the attributes are different.
In the similar aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reproduction method of an information storage medium including: a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced independently of each other; aggregate audio information each including one or more of the unit audio information; and unit attribute information indicating attributes of the unit audio information included in the aggregate audio information, the apparatus including: reading the unit attribute information corresponding to the aggregate audio information recorded on the storage medium to produce an aggregate attribute information table; storing the aggregate attribute information table produced into a storage unit; receiving, from a user, a reproduction instruction designating a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced successively; setting the attribute for the reproduction based on the aggregate attribute information table stored in the storage unit; and reproducing the unit audio information designated by the user in accordance with the attribute set, wherein the reproducing step including the steps of obtaining the attributes corresponding to each of the plurality of unit audio information designated by the user from the aggregate attribute information table stored in the storage unit; determining whether or not the attributes of the unit audio information to be successively reproduced are identical; and starting an attribute setting of the unit audio information to be reproduced next immediately after the reproduction of the unit audio information currently reproduced, if it is determined in the determining step that the attributes are different.
In accordance with the apparatus and the method, first the aggregate attribute information for all aggregate audio on the information storage medium is read out from the information storage medium and the aggregate attribute information table is produced and stored in the storage unit. Next, the user inputs the reproduction instruction designating a plurality of unit audio information to be reproduced successively. The attributes are set based on the aggregate attribute information table stored in the storage unit, and the unit audio information designated by the user are reproduced in accordance with the attributes thus set. Specifically in the reproduction, the attribute for each of the unit audio information designated by the user is obtained from the aggregate attribute information table in the storage unit, and then it is determined whether or not the attributes of the unit audio information to be successively reproduced are identical. If the attributes are different, the attribute of the unit audio information to be reproduced next is set immediately after the reproduction of the unit audio information currently reproduced.
Therefore, since the attribute of the unit audio information to be reproduced next can be obtained from the aggregate attribute information table, the attribute change of the reproduction apparatus may be readily and quickly performed even if the attributes of the unit audio information to be successively reproduced are different and hence the attribute change is required in the reproduction apparatus.
In a preferred embodiment, the reproduction unit may include a search unit for transferring the reading unit to a recording position on the information storage medium of the unit audio information to be reproduced next immediately after the reproduction of the unit audio information currently reproduced, and for allowing the reproduction unit to start reproduction of the unit audio information to be reproduced next after a predetermined waiting time has passed from the start of the transfer of the reading unit.
With this arrangement, when the reproduction of one unit audio information ends, the reading position is transferred to the recording position of the unit audio information to be reproduced next, and then the reproduction thereof is started. Therefore, if the attribute of the unit audio information to be reproduced next is different from that of the unit audio information unit currently reproduced, it is ensured that the reproduction is started after the appropriate attribute change is completed.
Preferably, the waiting time is longer than a time required to change the set attribute by the attribute change unit.
The nature, utility, and further features of this invention will be more clearly apparent from the following detailed description with respect to preferred embodiments of the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings briefly described below.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be now explained. The following explanations will be done for the embodiments, in which the present invention is applied to the aforementioned DVD.
In the following embodiments, constitutional elements listed on a right hand side in a following list respectively construct the examples of constitutional elements of the present invention listed on a left hand side in the following list.
Audio attribute information in each VTS
Audio attribute information in each audio centralized information
[I] Embodiment of Information Storage Medium
(1) Physical and Logical Format of DVD
First of all, a physical structure and a logical structure as well as an operation of a DVD, as one embodiment of the information storage medium to which the present invention is applied, will be explained with reference to
At first, a recording format of video information and audio information, including music information, on the DVD (i.e. a physical record format) is explained by use of
As shown in
One VTS 3 is recorded such that it is divided into a plurality of VOBs 10, each of which has an ID number (VOB ID#1, VOB ID#2, . . . ), and control data 11 disposed inside of the VOBs 10. Here, a data portion constructed by a plurality of VOBs 10 is defined as a VOB set (VOBS) as shown in
In the control data 11 recorded at the head of the VTS 3, information such as PGCI (ProGram Chain Information), which is various information related to a program chain as a logical division obtained by combining a plurality of cells (the “cell” will be described later in detail), is recorded. In each VOB 10, the substantial portion of the video and audio information (i.e. the video and audio information itself other than control information) besides the control information are recorded.
Further, one VOB 10 is constructed of a plurality of cells 20, each of which has an ID number (cell ID#1, cell ID#2, . . . ). Here, one VOB 10 is constructed such that it is completed by the plurality of cells 20 and that one cell 20 does not stride over two VOBs 10.
One cell 20 is constructed of a plurality of VOB units (VOBUs) 30, each of which has an ID number (VOBU#1, VOBU#2, . . . ). Here, the VOB unit 30 is an information unit, each of which includes one of the video information, the audio information and sub picture information (which is defined as information of a sub picture such as a subtitle of a movie etc.), or alternatively includes only a navi-pack described later.
One VOB unit 30 is provided with: a navi-pack (a navigation pack) 41 for storing control information of video information included in the VOB unit 30; a video pack 42 including video data serving as video information; an audio pack 43 including audio data serving as audio information; and a sub picture pack 44 including sub-picture data serving as sub picture information. Here, only picture data is recorded as video data, and only sound data is recorded as audio data. In addition, only graphic data such as characters and diagrams serving as sub-picture is recorded as sub-picture data. It is prescribed by a standard specification of the DVD that there are 8 kinds of audio recordable on the DVD 1 while 32 kinds of sub picture recordable on the DVD 1.
The reproduction time for one VOB UNIT 30 (i.e., the reproduction time corresponding to data recorded between a navi-pack 41 and the next navi-pack 41 neighboring thereto) is equal to or longer than 0.4 second.
Further, there always exists the navi-pack 41 in one VOB UNIT 30. On the other hand, there may not exist each of the video pack 42, the audio pack 43 and the sub picture pack 44 in one VOB UNIT 30, or, even in case that these packs exist in one VOB UNIT 30, the number of the packs and the order of the packs may be arbitrarily determined.
The respective divisions of the video pack 42, the audio pack 43 and sub-picture pack 44 are generally referred to as “pack P”. Namely, the video data, the audio data and the sub-picture data are recorded in one VOB unit 30 in a manner divided into the respective packs P. Those packs are the recording units which are determined in accordance with the pack processing of MPEG2 system, the MPEG2 system being used for recording information onto the DVD 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Further, the pack header recorded at the leading position of each pack P includes reading start time information and start code. The reading start time information indicates the reading start time on the playback time axis, at which data included in the respective packs P should be read out from the track buffer (described later) in the reproduction apparatus to be supplied to the respective buffers, and is called as System Clock Reference. The start code indicates the beginning of the pack P. In each pack P, normally the video data, the audio data and the sub-picture data are recorded as packets which are the sub-divided recording units of the pack P. In the DVD 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, one pack P generally is constructed by one packet.
Finally, the navi-pack 41 is provided with: a DSI (Data Search Information) data 51 including search information to search video image desired to be displayed or audio sound desired to be outputted (concretely, search information such as an address on the DVD 1 where the video or audio information to be displayed or outputted is recorded); and a PCI (Presentation Control Information) data 50 including information related to a display control at the time of displaying the video image or outputting the audio sound, which is searched on the basis of the information of the DSI data 51. The DSI data 51 and the PCI data 50 are recorded to form the DSI packets and the PCI packets, respectively, as the packets PT.
Further, all video packs 42 included in one VOB unit 30 consist of at least one GOP (Group Of Pictures). The GOP is a minimum image unit, reproducible by itself, determined in the standard of MPEG2 (Moving Picture Experts Group 2) which is employed for recording video image information on the DVD 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the above explained recording format having a hierarchical structure as shown in
Nextly, a logical format (logical structure) constructed by combining the information recorded by the physical divisions shown in
To make the explanation clear, the following explanation is made from the lower hierarchical layer in
Since one program 60 is logically constructed by selecting a plurality of cells 20, it is possible to use one cell commonly for a plurality of programs 60, namely to perform a so-called “alternative usage” of the cell 20 in which one cell 20 is reproduced in a plurality of different programs 60.
Here, as for the number of each cell 20, at a time of treating the cell 20 on the physical format shown in
Next, by combining a plurality of programs 60, one PGC (Program Chain) 61 is logically constructed on the basis of the author's intention. The aforementioned PGCI (ProGram Chain Information) is defined by a unit of the PGC 61. The PGCI includes information indicating: the reproduction order for each program 60 at a time of reproducing each program 60 (by this reproduction order, a unique program number (#1, #2, . . . ) is assigned to each program 60); the reproduction order for each cell 20 (by this reproduction order, a unique cell number is assigned to each cell 20); an address which is a recording position of each cell 20 on the DVD 1; the number of the cell 20 positioned at the head of one program 60 to be firstly reproduced; a reproduction method for each program 60; and various commands (e.g. commands able to be specified by the author for each PGC 61 or each cell 20). The recording position of the PGCI on the DVD 1 may be in the control data 11 (see.
In one PGC 61, the substantial video and audio data etc. are included as a combination of the programs 60 (in other words, the combination of the cells 20) other than the above mentioned PGCI.
Further, in one PGC 61, it is possible to perform the alternative usage of the cell 20 as explained before in the explanation for the program 60 (i.e. such a usage that the same cell 20 is commonly used by a plurality of different PGC 61). As the method of reproducing the cell 20 to be used, the author can select a method of reproducing the cells 20 in an order regardless of the recording order on the DVD 1 (i.e. the method of reproducing the cells discontinuously arranged, for example, the method of reproducing the cell 20 prior which is recorded posterior on the record track) other than a method of reproducing the cell 20 in the recording order on the record track on the DVD 1 as it is (i.e. the method of reproducing the cells continuously arranged).
Then, one title 62 is logically constructed of one or a plurality of PGCs 61 (PGC #1, PGC#2, . . . ) as shown in
Finally, one VTS 63 is logically constructed of one or a plurality of titles 62 (title #1, title #2, . . . ). The title 62 included in the VTS 63 has the attributes common to each other. For example, the movies based on one movie but in different languages or plural music albums of a music artist correspond to the respective titles 62. The information included in one VTS 63 shown in
As the author specifies the information divided in the physical structure on the DVD 1 on the basis of the above described logical format, the video image or music for the audience to watch is to be formed.
Since it is necessary to record information of various hierarchical layers, information according to the above-mentioned recording format is quite suitable for the DVD in which, in recording a movie, not only the information of the movie itself but also the sounds and/or subtitles, for various languages, of the movie are recorded on a single disk.
(2) Contents of Audio DVD
As mentioned above, video information, character information and audio information may be recorded on the DVD in a mixed manner. When recording a movie on the DVD, the video information and the audio information are recorded in pair with each other, and, if necessary, subtitles or the like are additionally recorded as the sub-picture information. Alternatively to this, only audio information may be recorded on the DVD like a CD, and in that case no video information is basically recorded. A DVD of this type will be hereinafter referred to as “Audio DVD”. In this case, more specifically, the VOB unit 30 shown in
Prior to the description of the embodiment of the present invention, a rough description will be given of the recording manner of audio information on the audio DVD. The audio DVD has a recording capacity much larger than that of a CD, and a unique DVD can record music information corresponding to a plurality of CDs. Here, it is assumed that an aggregation of audio information corresponding to one CD is called as “group”. For example, it is assumed that there is an audio DVD on which plural original albums (e.g., four) of the Beatles such as “LET IT BE”, “ABBEY ROAD”, . . . are recorded. Audio information corresponding to the plural albums are recorded on the DVD as individual title sets (VTS 3 in
While one album corresponds to one Group in the above example, it is possible to constitute a Group by an aggregation of audio information collected based on a certain theme or concept. For example, a collection of songs that John Lennon takes the lead vocal, named “John Lennon Vocal Collection” (e.g., VTS #5), and a collection of songs that Paul McCartney takes the lead vocal, named “Paul McCartney Vocal Collection” (e.g., VTS #6), may be recorded in addition to the above original albums of Beatles, and those collections also constitute the Groups corresponding to one VTS, respectively. However, in that case in fact, the songs included in the above original albums are reproduced, and the same songs that are recorded in the original albums are not recorded in the VTS#5 or VTS#6 in the duplicated manner. Therefore, only the reproduction control information, such as address and attributes, of audio information recorded in the VTS#1, #2 are recorded in the VTS#5 and VTS#6. The reproduction of the songs belonging to VTS#5, #6 are performed by reproducing the substantial audio information recorded in the VTS#1, #2 in accordance with the reproduction control information recorded in the VTS#5, #6. It is noted that such an aggregation of audio information collected based on a certain theme or concept is referred to as a “Collection”. Therefore, the Collection is a group including the substantial information that is recorded in other Group (VTS).
It is possible to understand that the Group corresponds to the aggregation of songs that a user recognizes. In the above mentioned example, four original albums and two Collections are recorded on a DVD. In this case, the contents list attached to the DVD indicates that the DVD includes 6 different albums. In fact, the substantial information of the two Collections are constituted by the substantial information recorded in the four original albums, and no substantial audio information is recorded for multiple times in the duplicated manner. However, the user does not recognize such thing and simply thinks that the DVD includes 6 different albums. Therefore, in spite of the recording manner of the substantial audio information on the DVD, the Group may be regarded as an aggregation of songs that the user can recognize.
(3) Audio Attribute Information
Next, audio attribute information recorded on the DVD will be described. Audio attribute information indicates the attributes of audio information recorded on the DVD, and specifically includes the coding mode, the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number, the channel number, and application of emphasis. In the present invention, the audio attribute information is recorded in the audio pack 43, the control data 11 in the VTS 3 and the control data in the video manager 2. This will be described in more detail.
As described above, the audio information is recorded in the audio pack 43, and the audio attribute information is firstly recorded in the audio pack 43.
As shown, the audio pack 43 is constituted by a pack header 64 and an audio packet APT. The pack header 64 includes reading start time information which is control information used at the time of reproducing data in each pack P and a start code indicating the beginning of the pack P. In addition, the audio packet APT includes a packet header 65 including information indicating that the data in the audio pack 43 is audio data, sub-stream ID information 66 including information indicating whether the audio data in the audio pack 43 is compressed audio data or non-compressed audio data such as the linear PCM data, and audio frame information 67 including audio frame number information.
Further, the audio pack 43 includes the audio attribute information 68 related to the attributes of the audio data in the audio pack 43. In the case of the linear PCM data, the audio data attribute information 68 includes the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number, channel number of audio data (one channel is constituted by audio data outputted from one speaker, and the channel number is “2” when audio data for left and right speakers are recorded), and the application of emphasis to the audio data. The audio pack 43 further includes audio data 43a which is the substantial audio information portion and is constituted by a plurality of audio frames AF. In the above mentioned data structure, the portion of the audio pack 43 except for the pack header 64 constitutes the audio packet APT.
The audio attribute information is also recorded in the control data 11 of each VTS.
Further, the audio attribute information is also recorded in the control data in the video manager 2 as a part of audio centralized information 13.
The audio centralized information 13 further includes the start and end addresses of the tracks, which are the absolute addresses on the DVD. Further, the audio centralized information 13 includes, as the audio attribute information, at least the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number, the channel number and the emphasis, which are essential for the reproduction of the audio information, from the audio attribute information 12 recorded in the control data 11 of each VTS as mentioned. The audio centralized information 13 further includes the playback time of each track and the total playback time of each Group, which are used for the playback time management.
In this manner, each Group (VTS) includes the audio attribute information 12 in the control data 11 and the reproduction of the songs in the Groups are enabled by referring to the attribute information 12. However, in order to obtain the audio attribute information 12, it is necessary to access to the control data 11 in the VTS to read out the contents. Since audio information of different attribute can be recorded in different VTSs on the DVD, it is likely that plural songs of different attributes, belonging to the different Groups, are successively reproduced. Firstly, this may take place if the user choose the songs of different Groups by his manual selection operation of songs to be reproduced. Alternatively, this may also take place when reproducing the Group called “Collection” such as the Group-3 in
In such case, since the audio attribute such as the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number, and so on changes as the reproduction of the songs goes on, the reproduction apparatus needs a certain period of time in which to adapt itself to such change. When reproducing the songs of different attribute successively, if the audio centralized information 13 is not prepared and recorded in the video manager 2, the reproduction apparatus in no way recognize the attribute change until it searches the audio attribute information in the VTS corresponding to the Group including the next track and then obtains the attribute of the next song. Therefore, if the search or track jump to the next song (i.e., the pickup movement) is completed in relatively short time period, the reproduction of the next song begins before the reproduction apparatus recognizes the attribute change and complete the necessary adaptation such as the change of the sampling frequency, thereby disabling the correct reproduction of the initial part of the next song. Normally the reproduction apparatus is not designed to notify the completion of the adaptation such as the change of the sampling frequency to the controller that controls reading the DVD, and hence such an undesirable situation may likely take place.
In this view, in the present invention, the audio management information in the control data 11 of each VTS is aggregated and then recorded in the video manager 2 as a part of the audio centralized information 13. When the DVD is set to the reproduction apparatus, the audio centralized information 13 in the video manager 2 is read out and stored in a memory within the controller of a reproduction apparatus. By this, when audio information of different audio attribute is successively reproduced like the case of reproducing Collection, the audio attribute of the song to be reproduced next can be obtained, in advance, by referring to the audio attribute information in the audio centralized information 13. This may overcome the above mentioned problem in successively reproducing songs of different attributes. The actual operation of the reproduction apparatus will be described later in detail.
[II] Embodiment of Recording Apparatus
Next, an embodiment of recording apparatus for recording the above mentioned audio centralized information including the audio attribute information onto the DVD 1 will be explained with reference to
As shown in
Nextly, an operation of the present embodiment will be explained.
Recording information R, which is a material of audio information to be recorded on the DVD 1, is temporarily recorded in the audio source 70 in a manner divided into each information unit. Then, the recording information R temporarily recorded in the audio source 70 is outputted to the signal processing unit 72 by a request from the signal processing unit 72.
The signal processing unit 72 applies an A/D (Analog to Digital) converting process and a signal compressing process to the recording information R outputted from the audio source 70, applies an compression if necessary, and then outputs it as an audio signal Sr. After that, the audio signal Sr outputted therefrom is temporarily stored into the hard disk device 73.
Along with this, the memory 71 temporarily stores the control information which is inputted beforehand on the basis of a cue sheet ST, on which the control information for controlling the reproduction of the recording information R (e.g., the control information of the pack headers for constituting the video manager 2, the control data 11, the navi-packs 41 and the respective audio packs 43 shown in
Then, the signal processing unit 72 generates and outputs an access information signal Sac corresponding to the audio information Sr with referring to a time code Tt, on the basis of the time code Tt corresponding to the recording information R outputted from the audio source 70 and the control information signal Si outputted from the memory 71. Then, the access information signal Sac is temporarily stored in the hard disk device 74. The above described process is performed for the whole recording information R.
When the above described process is finished as for the whole recording information R, the controller 75 reads out the audio signal Sr from the hard disk device 73, reads out the access information signal Sac from the hard disk device 74, generates additional information Da on the basis of these read out signals, and stores the additional information Da into the hard disk device 74 as the additional information Sa. The concrete contents of the audio centralized information 13 and the audio attribute information 12 according to the present invention has been determined in advance, for each VTS by the Group (VTS) unit, by the producer of the DVD 1, and is recorded in the hard disk 74. By the control of the signal processing unit 72, the audio centralized information 13 and the audio attribute information 12 are included in the additional information Da. Namely, the audio attribute information 68 (see.
On the other hand, the controller 75 performs a time management for each of the operations of the signal processing unit 72, the hard disk device 73 and the hard disk device 74, and reads out the additional information Da from the hard disk device 74, so that the controller 75 generates and outputs an additional information signal Sa corresponding to the read out additional information Da, and generates and outputs an information selection signal Scc to time-axis-multiplex the audio signal Sr and the additional information signal Sa.
After that, the audio signal Sr and the additional information signal Sa are read out from the hard disk devices 73 and 74, time-axis-multiplexed by the multiplexer 76 based on the information selection signal Scc, and then outputted as an information added compressed multiplexed signal Sap. In the stage of the information added compressed multiplexed signal Sap, the information to be recorded has the physical structure (physical format) shown in
Then, the modulator 77 adds an error correction code (ECC), such as a Reed Solomon code, and applies a modulation such as an eight to sixteen (8-16) modulation with respect to the information added compressed multiplexed signal Sap outputted from the multiplexer 76, and generates and outputs a disk record signal Sm to the mastering device 78.
Finally, the mastering device 78 records the disk record signal Sm to a stamper disk, which becomes a master (i.e. a cutting dye) for the production of an optical disk. Then, by use of this stamper disk, an optical disk as a replica disk, which can be on sale in the general market, i.e. the DVD 1, can be produced by a replication device not illustrated.
By the above-described operation, there is produced a DVD disk which includes the audio attribute information 68 in the audio pack 43, the audio attribute information 12 in the control data 11 of each VTS and the audio centralized information 13 in the video manager 2.
[III] Embodiment of Reproduction Apparatus
(1) Reproduction Apparatus
Next, an embodiment of reproduction apparatus for reproducing the information recorded on the DVD 1 by the above mentioned recording apparatus will be explained with reference to
At first, a construction and an operation of the reproduction apparatus as the embodiment is explained with reference to
As shown in
Nextly, an overall operation of the present embodiment is explained.
The optical pickup 80 includes a laser diode (not shown), a beam splitter, an objective lens, a photo-detector and the like not illustrated, and irradiates a light beam B as a reproduction light with respect to the DVD 1. The optical pickup 80 receives a reflection light of the light beam B from the DVD 1, and outputs a detection signal Sp corresponding to information pits formed on the DVD 1. At this time, the tracking servo control and the focus servo control are operated with respect to the objective lens etc. of the optical pickup 80 in the same manner as the conventional art so that the light beam B can be irradiated precisely onto the information track of the DVD 1 and that the light beam B can be focused on the information record surface of the DVD 1.
The detection signal Sp outputted from the optical pickup 80 is inputted to the demodulate and correct unit 81, where a signal demodulation process and an error correct process are applied to it to generate a demodulation signal Sdm, which is outputted to the stream switch 82 and the system buffer 85.
The opening and closing operation of the stream switch 82, to which the demodulation signal Sdm is inputted, is controlled by a switch signal Ssw1 from the drive controller 101. When it is closed, the stream switch 82 passes therethrough the inputted demodulation signal Sdm to the track buffer 83 as it is. When it is opened, the demodulation signal Sdm is not outputted therethrough, so that unnecessary or useless information (signal) is not inputted to the track buffer 83.
The track buffer 83, to which the demodulation signal Sdm is inputted, consists of a FIFO (First In First Out) memory, for example. The track buffer 83 temporarily stores the inputted demodulation signal Sdm, and continuously outputs the stored demodulation signal Sdm when the stream switch 84 is closed. The track buffer 83 compensates for a difference or fluctuation in the data amount between respective GOP under the MEPG 2 method, and continuously outputs the demodulation signal Sdm, which is discontinuously inputted due to a track jump in the aforementioned seamless reproduction, in case of reading the data divided into the interleaved units IU, so as to avoid the interruption of the reproduction due to the discontinuity.
The opening and closing operation of the stream switch 84, to which the demodulation signal Sdm is continuously inputted, is controlled by a switch signal Ssw2 from the system controller 100 such that the various buffers at its posterior stage may not be over-flown or, on the contrary, may not become empty to stop the decoding process, in the separating process by the demultiplexer 86.
On the other hand, the system buffer 85, to which the demodulation signal Sdm is inputted in parallel with the track buffer 83, accumulates the video manager 2, the control data 11 of the VTS 3 and the like (refer to
The demultiplexer 86, to which the demodulation signal Sdm is continuously inputted through the stream switch 84, separates the video data, the audio data, the sub picture data and the PCI data 50 for each navi-pack 41, respectively, from the inputted demodulation signal Sdm, and outputs them as a video signal Sv, a sub picture signal Ssp, an audio signal Sad and a PCI signal Spc to the VBV buffer 87, the sub picture buffer 89, the audio buffer 92 and the PCI buffer 94, respectively.
The demultiplexer 86 extracts the pack header 64 and the packet header 65 from each pack (including audio pack 43) and the packet (including audio packet APT), and outputs respective information to the system controller 100 as the header signal Shd. The header signal Shd includes the pack header 64, the packet header 65, the sub-stream ID information 66, the audio frame information 67 and the audio data information 68 of the audio pack 43, which are separated in the demultiplexer 86.
The audio signal Sad includes the audio data 43a which is divided into the audio packs 43 shown in
The VBV buffer 87, to which the video signal Sv is inputted, consists of a FIFO memory, for example. The VBV buffer 87 temporarily stores the video signal Sv and outputs it to the video decoder 88. The VBV buffer 87 compensates the difference or fluctuation in the data amount between respective pictures of the video signal Sv compressed by the MPEG 2 method. Then, the video signal Sv in which the differences in the data amount are compensated for, is outputted to the video decoder 88, and is decoded by the MPEG 2 method to be outputted as a decoded video signal Svd to the mixer 91.
On the other hand, the sub picture buffer 89, to which the sub picture signal Ssp is inputted, temporarily stores the inputted sub picture signal Ssp, and outputs it to the sub picture decoder 90. The sub picture buffer 89 is to synchronize the sub picture data 44 included in the sub picture signal Ssp with the video data 42 corresponding to the sub picture data 44, and to output it. Then, the sub picture signal Ssp synchronized with the video data 42 is inputted to the sub picture decoder 90 and is decoded to be outputted as a decoded sub picture signal Sspd to the mixer 91.
The decoded video signal Svd outputted from the video decoder 88 and the decoded sub picture signal Sspd outputted from the sub picture decoder 90 (which is in synchronization with the corresponding decoded video signal Svd) are mixed together by the mixer 91, and are outputted as a final video signal Svp to be displayed to a display device such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) device not illustrated.
The audio buffer 92, to which the audio signal Sad is inputted, consists of a FIFO memory, for example. The audio buffer 92 temporarily stores the audio signal Sad and outputs it to the audio decoder 93. The audio buffer 92 is to synchronize the audio signal Sad with the video signal Sv or the sub picture signal Ssp including the corresponding video information on the basis of the header control information Shc outputted by the system controller 100, and delays the audio signal Sad in accordance with the output condition of the corresponding video information. Then, the audio signal Sad, which is time-adjusted to synchronize with the corresponding video information, is outputted to the audio decoder 93. Then, a reproduction processing of the linear PCM system is applied to the audio signal Sad based on the header control signal Shc outputted by the system controller 100, and the resultant signal is outputted as a decoded audio signal Sadd to a speaker etc. not illustrated. It is noted that, in the audio DVD including only audio information, the synchronization with the video information is unnecessary. The processing conducted in the audio decoder 93 will be described later in detail.
If it is detected by the system controller 100 that it is necessary to temporarily stop (pause) the audio voice in the reproduction immediately after an access to desired information, a pause signal Sca is outputted from the system controller 100 to the audio decoder 93, so that the output of the decoded audio signal Sadd is stopped temporarily at the audio decoder 93.
The PCI buffer 94, to which the PCI signal Spc is inputted, consists of a FIFO memory, for example. The PCI buffer 94 temporarily stores the inputted PCI signal Spc and outputs it to the PCI decoder 95. The PCI buffer 94 is to synchronize the PCI data, which is included in the PCI signal Spc, with the video data, the audio data and the sub picture data corresponding to the PCI data, and apply the PCI data to the video data and the like. Then, from the PCI signal Spc, which is synchronized with the corresponding the video data and the like by the PCI buffer 94, a high light information included in the PCI packet 50 is separated or extracted by the PCI decoder 95, and is outputted as a high light signal Shi to the high light buffer 96. The portion of the PCI packet 50 other than the high light information is outputted as a PCI information signal Spci to the system controller 100.
The high light buffer 96, to which the high light signal Shi is inputted, consists of a FIFO memory, for example. The high light buffer 96 temporarily stores the inputted high light signal Shi and outputs it to the high light decoder 97. The high light buffer 96 is to time-compensate the high light signal Shi so as to precisely perform a change in the display condition of the selection item (selection button), which corresponds to the high light information, in correspondence with the sub picture signal Ssp which includes the video information for the high light information. Then, the time-compensated high light signal Shi is decoded by the high light decoder 97, and the information included in the high light signal Shi is outputted as a decoded high light signal Shid to the system controller 100. The demodulated high light signal Shid includes the aforementioned information to set the register in the system controller 100.
The system controller 100 outputs the high light control signal Sch on the basis of the demodulated high light signal Shid, in order to change the display condition of the high light information. At this time, the system controller 100 receives the selection by the input signal Sin from the input unit 98 and outputs the high light control signal Sch on the basis of the effective period information which indicates the effective period of the high light information included in the demodulated high light signal Shid, so that the selection operation using the menu screen based on the high light information is enabled.
On the basis of the control information Sc inputted from the system buffer 85, the header signal Shd inputted from the demultiplexer 86, the PCI information signal Spci inputted from the PCI decoder 95 and an input signal Sin inputted from the input unit 98 such as a remote controller, the system controller 100 outputs the aforementioned switch signal Ssw2, the stream selection signal Slc, the header control signal Shc, the pause signal Sca and the high light control signal Sch to correctly perform the reproduction corresponding to those input signals, and also outputs a display signal Sdp to display an operation condition etc. of the reproduction apparatus S2 to the display unit 99 such as the liquid crystal device.
Further, the system controller 100 outputs a seamless control signal Scsl corresponding to the track jump process, to the drive controller 101, when it detects by the DSI information signal Sdsi that it is necessary to perform the track jump process such as a search in order to perform the seamless reproduction.
Then, the drive controller 101, to which the seamless control signal Scsl is inputted, outputs a drive signal Sd to the spindle motor 102 or the slider motor 103. By this drive signal Sd, the spindle motor 102 or the slider motor 103 moves the optical pickup 80 such that the record position to be reproduced on the DVD 1 is irradiated with the light beam B (refer to an arrow of a broken line in
(2) Audio Decoder
Next, the configuration and the operation of the audio decoder 93 which is particularly relevant to the present invention will be described.
The system microcomputer 124 exchanges the control signal Sca with the system controller 100 to control the performance of the clock circuit 125, the signal processing unit 120, the D/A converter 121 and the analog output circuit 122. The system microcomputer 124 has the RAM 124a in its inside. The RAM 124a temporarily stores the audio attribute information which is supplied from the system controller 100 as the control signal Sca.
The system microcomputer 124 refers to the audio attribute information stored in the RAM 124a, and supplies the contents thereof to the clock circuit 125 and the signal processing unit 120. Specifically, the system microcomputer 124 supplies the sampling frequency information in the audio attribute information to the clock circuit 125. The clock circuit 125 has an oscillator, and supplies the clock signal fs corresponding to the designated sampling frequency to the signal processing unit 120. In addition, the system microcomputer 124 supplies information of the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number, the channel number, the application of emphasis, which are included in the audio attribute information, to the signal processing unit 120, and supplies the channel number information to the D/A converter 121. Further, the system microcomputer 124 supplies information such as the amplitude level of signals of the respective channels to the analog output circuit 122. The amplitude information for each channel may be included in the audio attribute information and supplied from the system controller 100.
The signal processing unit 120 utilizes the clock signal fs from the clock circuit 125 to perform the processing including the decoding and band-limiting of the audio signal from the audio buffer 92 in accordance with the information, from the system microcomputer 124, such as the coding mode (the linear PCM or DOLBY-AC3), the sampling frequency and the quantization bit number. Further, the signal processing unit 120 performs the de-emphasis processing based on the information of the application of emphasis and outputs the resultant signal to the D/A converter 121. The D/A converter 121 divides the inputted signal into the plural channels in response to the channel information obtained from the system microcomputer 124, and then outputs the divided signals to the analog output circuit 122 as the analog signals of the respective channels. The analog output circuit 122 applies appropriate amplification onto the signals of the respective channels to output them to speakers (not shown) as the analog audio signals. Further, the signal processing unit 120 outputs the digital audio signal Sadd to external via the digital output circuit 123.
Next, the performance of the audio decoder 93 at the time of reproduction will be described. When the track (i.e., song) to be reproduced next is designated, the reproduction apparatus S2 refers to the audio attribute information in the audio centralized information 13 of the video manager 2 to control the operation in the audio decoder 93 according to the audio attribute information of the designated track. As shown in
After transferring the pickup 80 to the position of the start address of the designated track, the system controller 100 temporarily makes the pickup 80 at a pause state. Namely, the start of the reading information is deferred. This is required to ensure that the reading information (i.e., reproduction of the track) is started after the audio attribute setting is completed. The time required for the system controller 100 and the system microcomputer 124 in the system controller 100 to set the audio attribute in the audio decoder 93 is approximately the same between the same reproduction apparatuses. However, the time required for an external digital amplifier and a D/A converter to lock in the digital output signal from the digital output circuit 123 varies from device to device, and the time is normally about 1 or 2 seconds and not longer than 5 seconds. The time required to transfer the pickup 80 to the position of the designated track varies dependently upon the position of the designated track (i.e., the distance from the current pickup position). Therefore, the transfer is completed shortly if the pickup is transferred to the relatively near position. In that case, if the information reading by the pickup is started immediately after the completion of the pickup movement, the audio information may not be correctly reproduced or the above mentioned external digital amplifier and the D/A converter may not be locked because the audio attribute change is not completed yet. For this reason, the system controller 100 transfers the pickup to the position of the start address and then commences the information reading after the pause state for a predetermined time period X. The audio attribute setting in the audio decoder 93 normally takes 1 second and the external digital amplifier and the D/A converter take normally 1 or 2 second for locking. Namely, they never exceed 5 seconds, and hence the user may be entitled to determined the pause state time period X of the pickup 80 between 0.5 to 5 seconds, as a user-alterable function, in consideration of the processing speed of the system. Of course, any default value may be set within the above range.
(3) Successive Reproduction
Next, the successive reproduction control of plural tracks (songs) will be described with reference to the flowchart of
First, the system controller 100 receives the song change instruction (step S1). The reception of the song change instruction is made in plural patterns. The one example is the case where the user chooses one of the plural Groups recorded on the DVD to reproduce it. For example, when the user refers to the audio centralized information 13 shown in
When the song change instruction is inputted, the system microcomputer 124 then supplies the control signal to the signal processing unit 120 to allow the internal digital filter to output digital “0” data to the D/A converter 121 (step S3). By this, the output analog signal of the D/A converter 121 becomes zero-level, and consequently the audio output is muted.
Next, the system controller 100 refers to the audio centralized information 13 in the memory 100a to obtain the audio attribute of the track to be reproduced next (step S5). The audio attribute information obtained this case includes at least the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number, the channel number and the application of emphasis. In addition, the system controller 100 simultaneously obtains the start address and the end address of the next song from the audio centralized information 13.
Next, the system controller 100 supplies the audio attribute information thus obtained to the system microcomputer 124 of the audio decoder 93. The system microcomputer 124 compares the received audio attribute information of the next track with the audio attribute information of the track being reproduced until then, which is stored in the internal RAM 124a (step S7). If they are the same, the process goes to step S17 because the audio attribute change is unnecessary.
On the other hand, if they are not the same, it is necessary to change the audio attribute in the audio decoder 93. Therefore, the system microcomputer 124 controls the clock circuit 125 to change the sampling clock frequency fs (step S9), and then controls the signal processing unit 120 to output the digital “0” data, which is adapted to the sampling frequency and the quantization bit number thus changed, to the D/A converter 121 (step S11). By this, the D/A converter 121 changes the sampling frequency for the digital-to-analog conversion using the internal PLL circuit. Further, the system microcomputer 124 controls the signal processing unit 120 to change the emphasis application and the channel number (step S13). By the process from step S9 to S13, the audio attribute change in the audio decoder 93 is completed. It is noted that, while the actual setting change in the audio decoder 93 normally takes about 1 second as mentioned, this is peculiar to the device and there is no large difference between devices. However, the external digital amplifier and the D/A converter may have relatively large locking time difference. The pause state time period X should be determined in consideration of these times. It is noted that the pause state time period X may be user-alterable as a function of the reproduction apparatus.
Next, the system controller 100 issues the search instruction to the drive controller 101 to transfer the pickup 80 to the start address obtained in step S5 (step S15), and then starts counting the passage of time (i.e., the search time T) (step S17). Next, it is determined whether the pickup transfer is completed or not (step S19). If it is completed, the counting of the search time T is terminated (step S21).
Next, the system controller 100 compares the search time T thus counted with the predetermined pause state time period X (step S23). If the search time X is longer than the time period X (step S23: NO), it is supposed that the audio attribute change in the audio decoder 93 as well as the locking of the external digital amplifier and the D/A converter has been completed, and the reproduction instruction of the track is issued and the audio output muting is released (step S27). In response, the reproduction of the next track begins. On the contrary, if the search time T is shorter than the pause state time period X (step S23:YES), the system controller 100 waits for the difference time of them (i.e., X-T), and then issues the reproduction instruction of the track (step S27). Namely, the reproduction of the next track never begins before the time period X passes from the start of the track search (step S17), and this ensures the correct reproduction of the next track which requires the attribute change. In this way, the successive reproduction of the songs are executed.
Next, the description will be given of the examples, in the successive song reproduction, in which the audio attribute changes and does not change. If the user instructed the reproduction of the track-1 to track-6 of the Group-1 in the this order in the reproduction of the DVD having the audio centralized information shown in
On the contrary, it is assumed that the user instructs the reproduction of the track-1 to track-5 of the Group-3 in this order. Since the group-3 is the Group of Collection, the songs included therein may have tracks having different audio attribute. For example, when the reproduction goes from the track-1 to the track-2 of the Group-3 or from the track-4 to the track-5 of the Group-3, the audio attribute changes. Therefore, the step S7 results in NO, the audio attribute is changed to the new attribute in the audio decoder 93, and the reproduction is started.
In this case, if the audio centralized information is not recorded in the video manager 2 of the DVD, the system controller 100 is required to search for the audio attribute information 12 (see.
In this respect, according to the present invention, since the audio attribute information is recorded in the video manager 2 as a part of the audio centralized information, the audio attribute of the next song may be quickly obtained by referring to the video manager 2, thereby avoiding the above mentioned problem and enabling the smooth transition of the songs having different attributes. In addition, since the reproduction is not started within the pause state time period X after the reception of the song change instruction, it is possible to ensure the time necessary for the audio attribute change in the audio decoder 93 and the time necessary for the lock operation of the external digital amplifier and the D/A converter, irrespective of the search time required to transfer the pickup to the position of the next track, thereby accomplishing the correct reproduction.
(4) Alternative Reproduction without Audio Centralized Information
The above description made on the assumption that the audio centralized information is recorded in the video manager 2. However, if the audio attribute information is not recorded in the video manager, the quick and smooth reproduction can be made by the alternative method described below.
Normally, information of the video manager 2 and the control data 11 of each VTS are stored in the memory 100a in the system controller 100 when the audio DVD is set to the reproduction apparatus. Therefore, the reproduction apparatus may be so designed as to produce the audio centralized information table like
At the time of the reproduction, upon receipt of the track change instruction, the system controller 100 controls the reproduction of the tracks based on, not the audio attribute information 12 in each VTS, but the audio centralized information table thus prepared in the memory 100a. By this, the quick and smooth reproduction may be performed even in the case of the DVD in which audio centralized information is not recorded in the video manager.
In the above description, the reproduction of the tracks in the Group of Collection is exemplified as a case in which songs of different attributes are successively reproduced. However, the application of the present invention is not limited to this feature. For example, if the user designates a certain track in the Group-2 as a next song to be reproduced during the reproduction of a certain track in the Group-1 in
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