Infrared Fixed-Focus Lens

Abstract

The invention provides an infrared fixed-focus lens of which component lens pieces are made of germanium featured by low chromatic dispersion, and have no surface processed to serve as diffraction optics. The infrared fixed-focus lens comprises the first lens piece disposed closer to an object and of negative refractivity, and the second lens piece disposed closer to the image plane and of positive refractivity. Both the first and second lens pieces are made of germanium.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an infrared fixed-focus lens, and more particularly, to an infrared fixed-focus lens adopted to suppress spherical aberration at the wide-angle end and suitable to infrared thermography optical systems and surveillance cameras. The term ‘infrared’ used herein means radiations including middle infrared rays of wavelength ranging from 3000 to 5000 nm and far infrared rays of wavelength ranging from 8000 to 14000 nm.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As an example of the prior art infrared lenses capable of producing excellent images and sturdy enough to endure severe environments, an infrared optical system suitable for use in surveillance cameras has been proposed which is compatible with infrared rays through far infrared rays, namely, with a wavelength range from 3 μm to 14 μm, and is of dual-lens configuration where the first lens disposed closer to an object is a convex meniscus lens having its convex surface faced to the object while the second lens disposed closer to the image plane is another convex meniscus lens having its concave surface faced to the object, and at least one of the first and second lenses has its opposite surfaces processed to serve as diffraction optics (See Patent Document 1 or Official Gazette of JP-A-2010-113191).

The infrared optical system disclosed in Patent Document 1 is substantially inappropriate to use for a wide-angle lens since its first lens is the convex meniscus lens. In embodiments in Patent Document 1, all the lenses are made of chalcogenide. Chalcogenide is low in diffractive index and great in chromatic dispersion, and hence, in order to compensate for chromatic aberration, the lens must have its surface(s) processed to serve as diffraction optics. In Patent Document 1, all the embodiments have their respective lens surfaces processed to be diffraction optics.

The present invention is made to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art infrared lenses, and accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an infrared fixed-focus lens that is of wide-angle, is made of germanium exhibiting a low chromatic dispersion, and includes no lens pieces with a surface serving as diffraction optics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an infrared fixed-focus lens that comprises the first lens piece closer to an object and of negative refractivity and the second lens piece closer to the image plane and of positive refractivity, and that attains the full field angle of 24 to 55 degrees.

Although it is of dual-lens configuration, the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention has the first or foremost lens piece processed to show negative refractivity, and hence, the lens as a whole can satisfactorily compensate for comatic aberration and distortion while, simultaneously, the second lens piece of positive refractivity is able to satisfactorily compensate for spherical aberration developed in the first lens piece of negative refractivity.

Various aspects of the present invention will be described below.

<1st Aspect of the Invention>

In the infrared fixed-focus lens in one aspect of the invention, the first and second lens pieces are made of germanium. Germanium featured by high refractive index and low chromatic dispersion enables compensation for chromatic aberration without any lens surface processed to serve as diffraction optics.

<2nd Aspect of the Invention>

In the infrared fixed-focus lens in another aspect of the invention, the first lens piece having its front surface closer to the object shaped in convexity exhibits negative refractive power while the second lens piece having its rear surface closer to the image plane shaped in convexity exhibits positive refractive power.

The infrared fixed-focus lens in accordance with the present invention, although of dual-lens configuration, has the first lens piece processed to show negative refractivity, and hence, the lens as a whole can satisfactorily compensate for comatic aberration and distortion while, simultaneously, the second lens piece of positive refractivity is able to satisfactorily compensate for spherical aberration developed in the first lens piece of negative refractivity.

<3rd Aspect of the Invention>

The infrared fixed-focus lens in still another aspect of the invention meets the requirements as defined in the following formulae (1):

−4.5≦f1/f≦−1.55  (1)

where f1 is a focal length of the first lens piece, and f is a focal length of the entire optics.

The formulae (1) provide conditions to suppress field curvature. If the term or the ratio f1/f is smaller or greater to go beyond the lower or upper limit defined in the formulae, it becomes hard to correct the field curvature.

<4th Aspect of the Invention>

The infrared fixed-focus lens in further another aspect of the present invention meets the requirements as defined in the following formulae (2):

0.6≦d/f≦1.9  (2)

where d is a distance from the first lens piece to the second lens piece.

The formulae (2) provide conditions in which the second lens piece has a diameter not too large, and the lens as a whole has a back focus sufficiently long. If the term or the ratio d/f exceeds the upper limit defined in the formulae (2), the second lens piece has a diameter excessively large. If d/f is smaller to go beyond the lower limit, the lens as a whole cannot obtain a back focus sufficiently long.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of an infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the first embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 3 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the first embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 4 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the first embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the second embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 7 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the second embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 8 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the second embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the third embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 11 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the third embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 12 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the third embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 14 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the fourth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 15 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the fourth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 16 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the fourth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 18 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the fifth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 19 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the fifth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 20 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the fifth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 22 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the sixth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 23 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the sixth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 24 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the sixth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 25 is a sectional view showing a seventh embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 26 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the seventh embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 27 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the seventh embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 28 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the seventh embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 29 is a sectional view showing an eighth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens according to the present invention;

FIG. 30 depicts a graph of spherical aberration developed in the eighth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens;

FIG. 31 depicts graphs of astigmatism developed in the eighth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens; and

FIG. 32 depicts a graph of distortion developed in the eighth embodiment of the infrared fixed-focus lens.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Detailed below will be data of each of the embodiments of the infrared fixed-focus lens in accordance with the present invention. All of the exemplary infrared fixed-focus lenses are identical in wavelength of 10 μm.

Embodiment 1

Focal Length 8.4 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 50°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	28.1198	2.5000	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	18.4848	2.0002
3 (STOP)		12.0905
4 (ASPH)	−366.6150	6.0000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−28.1404	13.9190

Aspheric surfaces can be expressed as in the following formula (3):

$\begin{array}{cc}X=\frac{H^2/R}{1+\sqrt{1-\left(\varepsilon H^2/R^2\right)}}+{\mathrm{AH}}^2+{\mathrm{BH}}^4+{\mathrm{CH}}^6+{\mathrm{DH}}^8+{\mathrm{EH}}^{10}& \left(3\right)\end{array}$

where X is an aspherized shape, R is a curvature of radius, ε is a conic constant, and H is a height from the optical axis (in millimeters).

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	1.0000	0.0000E+00	4.8636E−04	−2.0284E−06	2.7596E−08	2.9694E−10
2	1.0000	0.0000E+00	7.7063E−04	8.9604E−06	−2.9221E−07	1.7511E−08
4	1.0000	0.0000E+00	−1.4004E−05	−9.9035E−08	8.7376E−10	−2.4866E−12
5	1.0000	0.0000E+00	8.0977E−06	−9.9537E−08	5.9356E−10	−1.4124E−12

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−2.650

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=1.677

Embodiment 2

Focal Length 8.34 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 49.66°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	15.0696	2.5000	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	11.4999	2.0002
3 (STOP)		11.2654
4 (ASPH)	331.4916	6.0000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−28.1834	10.7824

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	1.0000	0.0000E+00	3.5965E−04	3.8914E−06	−1.0751E−07	2.6374E−09
2	1.0000	0.0000E+00	7.2485E−04	2.6149E−05	−1.2666E−06	6.2477E−08
4	1.0000	0.0000E+00	−2.5357E−05	−9.5073E−08	8.5019E−10	−2.0664E−12
5	1.0000	0.0000E+00	8.3342E−06	−1.2120E−07	6.1565E−10	−1.2373E−12

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−4.070

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=1.590

Embodiment 3

Focal Length 8.40 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 50.48°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	47.5084	2.5000	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	20.8183	1.5000
3 (STOP)		14.2683
4 (ASPH)	−104.8620	6.0000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−27.6387	19.7897

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	1.0000	0.0000E+00	6.0412E−04	−5.2552E−06	3.9653E−08	2.9914E−10
2	1.0000	0.0000E+00	8.0092E−04	1.8934E−05	−1.0322E−06	2.8721E−08
4	1.0000	0.0000E+00	−6.6122E−06	−1.0390E−07	8.7916E−10	−2.5811E−12
5	1.0000	0.0000E+00	7.5210E−06	−9.1623E−08	5.8044E−10	−1.3942E−12

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−1.580

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=1.877

Embodiment 4

Focal Length 11.6 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 35.2°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	18.1488	2.0000	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	13.3615	18.9283
3 (STOP)		0.5000
4 (ASPH)	512.5988	6.5000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−45.1966	20.4043

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	−13.8410	0.0000E+00	3.1570E−04	−3.0495E−06	2.3921E−08	−1.0937E−10
2	−8.5596	0.0000E+00	5.2940E−04	−4.6784E−06	4.1185E−08	−1.7221E−10
4	−299.0000	0.0000E+00	−1.8928E−05	−6.9160E−09	−6.3805E−11	−1.6919E−12
5	−0.0565	0.0000E+00	1.0974E−05	−2.0749E−08	8.0414E−11	−1.0684E−12

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−2.110

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=1.675

Embodiment 5

Focal Length 13.0 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 33.7°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	20.0889	2.0000	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	14.2694	3.0212
3 (STOP)		11.2274
4 (ASPH)	−96.5908	9.0000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−31.3032	23.1695

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	−14.223	0.0000E+00	2.9998E−04	−2.7714E−06	1.0555E−08	−3.4876E−11
2	−7.2342	0.0000E+00	4.9252E−04	−3.4672E−06	9.4283E−09	−3.8809E−11
4	−19.2590	0.0000E+00	−1.6900E−05	−3.1649E−08	2.0797E−10	−3.9529E−13
5	−0.5099	0.0000E+00	−9.5023E−06	−1.4561E−08	4.5904E−11	−7.7887E−14

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−1.690

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=1.096

Embodiment 6

Focal Length 14.0 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 29.0°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	11.7536	2.0000	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	9.4479	3.6436
3 (STOP)		8.6541
4 (ASPH)	−251.7730	9.0000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−34.4485	17.1821

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	−4.1759	0.0000E+00	3.5412E−04	−2.4250E−06	−7.2097E−09	3.2997E−11
2	−3.6564	0.0000E+00	6.4071E−04	−5.1496E−06	−2.6194E−08	2.8147E−10
4	−296.2005	0.0000E+00	−2.3498E−05	−2.2624E−08	4.2089E−10	1.6620E−13
5	−0.0485	0.0000E+00	−1.3375E−05	1.3024E−08	−6.4911E−11	5.7622E−13

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−3.270

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=0.878

Embodiment 7

Focal Length 17.4 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 25.0°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	14.2592	3.4862	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	10.9723	3.5256
3 (STOP)		8.5719
4 (ASPH)	−315.8400	6.5000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−38.1065	17.5788

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	−5.4326	0.0000E+00	2.6262E−04	−2.2230E−06	1.3209E−08	−6.4906E−11
2	−4.6588	0.0000E+00	5.2710E−04	−5.7051E−06	3.9613E−08	−2.4558E−10
4	−1761.2065	0.0000E+00	−2.6279E−05	3.6214E−08	−2.7175E−10	5.4799E−13
5	0.5506	0.0000E+00	−1.4342E−05	1.6966E−09	−6.8841E−11	6.1109E−14

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−4.450

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=0.695

Embodiment 8

Focal Length 18.0 mm
F num. F/1.0
Angle of Field 2ω = 24.2°
	Curvature	Distance between Adjacent	Lens
Surface #	of Radius	Lens Pieces/Lens Thickness	Material
1 (ASPH)	14.1777	3.3541	Germanium
2 (ASPH)	10.9526	3.6873
3 (STOP)		9.7003
4 (ASPH)	−263.0890	6.5000	Germanium
5 (ASPH)	−38.9490	18.8436

Coefficients, A, B, C, D and E, for the aspheric surfaces as expressed by the formula take their respective values as follows:

Surface #	0 (EP)	2 (A)	4 (B)	6 (C)	8 (D)	10 (E)
1	−5.3215	0.0000E+00	2.6462E−04	−2.2148E−06	1.2973E−08	−5.6049E−11
2	−4.6137	0.0000E+00	5.2576E−04	−5.7043E−06	4.1097E−08	−2.2002E−10
4	−1100.9734	0.0000E+00	−2.6769E−05	3.4804E−08	−3.0465E−10	6.7690E−13
5	0.4567	0.0000E+00	−1.4223E−05	−4.1783E−10	−7.5520E−11	9.8844E−14

The value related to formulae (1) is given as follows: f1/f=−4.050

The value related to formulae (2) is determined as follows: d/f=0.743

Claims

1. An infrared fixed-focus lens, comprising the first lens piece disposed closer to an object and of negative refractivity, andthe second lens piece disposed closer to the image plane and of positive refractivity, both the first and second lens pieces being made of germanium.

2. The infrared fixed-focus lens according to claim 1, wherein the full angle of field ranges from 24 to 55 degrees.

3. The infrared fixed-focus lens according to claim 1, wherein the first lens piece has its front surface closer to the object shaped in convexity and exhibits negative refractive power, and the second lens piece has its rear surface closer to the image plane shaped in convexity and exhibits positive refractive power.

4. The infrared fixed-focus lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens meets the requirements as defined in the following formulae (1): −4.5≦f1/f≦−1.55  (1)

5. The infrared fixed-focus lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens meets the requirements as defined in the following formulae (2): 0.6≦d/f≦1.9  (2)