Patent Grant
7184656
The present invention relates to an infrared ray lamp to be used for a heater for heating objects and a space heater for heating rooms, etc. (hereinafter referred to as a heating apparatus), more particularly to an infrared ray lamp having good functions as a heat source by using a carbon-based substance as a heating element, to a heating apparatus using the infrared ray lamp, and to a method of producing the infrared ray lamp.
A conventional infrared ray lamp causes a problem wherein its power consumption increases abnormally after use for a long time, and its heating portions fuse and break in some cases. This problem will be described below.
As an infrared ray lamp conventionally used as a heat source, an infrared ray lamp having a tungsten spiral filament held at the central portion of a glass tube by a number of supports of tungsten is used. However, the infrared ray emission rate of the tungsten is so low as, 30 to 39%, and the rush current at the time of turning on is high. Furthermore, it is necessary to use a number of the tungsten supports for holding the tungsten spiral filament at the central portion of the glass tube, and the assembly work for them was not easy. In particular, sealing the plural tungsten spiral filaments in the glass tube in order to obtain high output was very difficult.
In order to solve these problems, an infrared ray lamp, wherein a carbon-based substance formed into a rod shape is used instead of the tungsten spiral filaments as a heating element, has been proposed conventionally. As such a conventional infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application, Publication No. Hei 11-54092 applied by the same applicant as that of the present invention is available. Since the carbon-based substance has a high infrared ray emission rate of 78 to 84%, the infrared ray emission rate of the infrared ray lamp also becomes high by using the carbon-based substance as a heating element. Furthermore, since the carbon-based substance has a negative resistance temperature characteristic wherein its resistance value lowers as the temperature rises, the carbon-based substance has a significant characteristic of capable of reducing its rush current at the time of turning on.
As shown in the part (a) of
The infrared ray lamps having the above-mentioned structures have good infrared ray emission rates, since their heating elements are formed of a carbon-based substance; but, there are the following problems.
In the conventional infrared ray lamp having the structure shown in
In addition, in the structure of the infrared ray lamp having the two heating elements 200a and 200b shown in
In the process wherein both ends of the two heating elements 200a and 200b are crimped by using the metal foil sleeve 106, no problem occurs if the two heating elements 200a and 200b are crimped by a uniform tension or compression force; however, crimping may occur in a state of an unbalanced tension or compression force. In the conventional infrared ray lamp undergone crimping in such away, if the heating elements 200a and 200b are heated, the two heating elements 200a and 200b expand thermally in different states. For this reason, the imbalance of the tension or compression force applied to the heating elements 200a and 200b increases. In the case when the balance in the crimped state is improper in particular, one of the carbon-based heating elements, to which the larger tension or compression force is applied, may break.
Next, the problem of directivity in the conventional infrared ray lamp will be described below.
The infrared ray lamp is used as a heater for heating objects or for a space heater for heating rooms by using radiant infrared rays. As this kind of the conventional infrared ray lamp, an infrared ray lamp having the structure shown in
The conventional infrared ray lamp shown in
As shown in
Part (a) of
When a constant voltage was applied to the heating element 240, the amount of the infrared rays reaching a minute area at a constant distance from the center axis (represented by the origin 0 of
As indicated by the intensity distribution curve 270 in the part (a) of
By the equally distributed infrared rays emitted in all directions at substantially similar intensity as described above, heat is transmitted from the heating element 240 to the outside and used to heat the outside and the surroundings.
In the conventional infrared ray lamp structured as described above, in the case when it is desired to give directivity to the emission intensity of the infrared rays, a structure is known wherein an infrared ray reflection plate is installed outside the infrared ray lamp for example.
Part (a) of
As shown in the part (a) of
As described above, in the conventional infrared ray lamp, it is indicated that the emission of the infrared rays has isotropic intensity distribution in all directions. For this reason, in order to give directivity to infrared ray emission, it is necessary to provide the infrared ray reflection plate outside the infrared ray lamp.
However, the infrared ray reflectivity of the infrared ray reflection plate is apt to be lowered because of aging and the adhesion of stains. As a result, the intensity distribution of the infrared ray emission becomes different with the direction of the emission. Furthermore, as the infrared ray reflectivity lowers, the amount of the infrared rays absorbed by the reflection plate itself increases. If this kind of heating apparatus is used for a long time, emission efficiency lowers, and unexpected parts will be overheated.
Furthermore, the emission intensity distribution obtained by providing the semi-cylindrical infrared ray reflection plate for the infrared ray lamp having the above-mentioned isotropic emission intensity distributions in all directions is substantially the same in a wide range on one side in general as shown in the part (a) of
The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems and also intended to provide a highly reliable infrared ray lamp wherein its power consumption does not increase during use for a long time and its heating portions are prevented from fusing and breaking after use for a long time. The present invention is further intended to make the effect of the reduction of the reflectivity of an infrared ray reflection plate on the directional distribution of the emission intensity of infrared rays lower than that of the conventional infrared ray lamp, and to make the directivity of the emission intensity of infrared rays higher than that of the conventional infrared ray lamp. The present invention provides an infrared ray lamp and a heating apparatus wherein the emission intensity of infrared rays has directivity without using any reflection plate, and also provides a method of producing the infrared ray lamp.
An infrared ray lamp in accordance with the present invention comprises:
at least one heating element having a substantially plate shape, having recessed portions in the vicinities of both ends thereof and formed of a carbon-based substance,
heat-emitting blocks having good conductivity to which both end portions of the heating element are inserted and bonded,
a sintered substance of an adhesive formed and sintered on the insertion and bonding faces of the heating element bonded to the heat-emitting blocks at the regions in the vicinities of both end portions of the heating element including the recessed portions thereof,
a glass tube in which the heating element, the sintered substance of the adhesive and the heat-emitting blocks are hermetically sealed together with an inert gas, and
lead wires electrically connected to the heat-emitting blocks, the end portions of which are led out of the glass tube.
With this structure, in the infrared ray lamp, the recessed portions are provided in the vicinities of both ends of the carbon-based substance used as the heating element, and the areas of the contact with the heat emitting blocks via the carbon-based adhesive are increased, whereby the resistance of the contact can be reduced, heating due to the resistance of the contact can be restricted, and the temperatures of the lead wire installation portions at both end portions can be prevented from becoming locally high. As a result, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the lead wire installation portions from fusing and breaking owing to the temperature rise at the portions. In addition, since the recessed portions in the vicinities of both ends of the heating element are filled with the carbon-based adhesive, the fitting or bonding between the heating element and the heat-emitting blocks becomes closer, and the strength of the bonding is enhanced. As a result, in the infrared ray lamp of the present invention, stress due to heat can be absorbed, and abnormal heating can be prevented.
An infrared ray lamp from another viewpoint in accordance with the present invention comprises:
at least one heating element having a substantially plate shape, having recessed portions in the vicinities of both ends thereof and formed of a carbon-based substance,
heat-emitting blocks having good conductivity and each split into two pieces, between which both end portions of the heating element are sandwiched,
a sintered substance of an adhesive formed and sintered on the insertion and bonding faces of the heating element bonded to the heat-emitting blocks at the regions in the vicinities of both end portions of the heating element including the recessed portions thereof,
a glass tube in which the heating element, the sintered substance of the adhesive and the heat-emitting blocks are hermetically sealed together with an inert gas, and
lead wires electrically connected to the heat-emitting blocks, the end portions of which are taken outside the glass tube.
With this structure, in the infrared ray lamp, the heating element is bonded to the heat-emitting blocks by pressure contact; then, since accurate disposition at predetermined positions for fitting is not required, assembly work can be carried out easily, and the cost of production can be reduced significantly.
Method of producing an infrared ray lamp in accordance with the present invention comprises:
a step of forming recessed portions in the vicinities of both ends of at least one heating element having a substantially plate shape and formed of a carbon-based substance,
a step of applying a liquid adhesive formed of a carbon-based organic substance to the regions in the vicinities of both ends of the heating element including the recessed portions thereof,
a step of inserting and bonding both end portions of the heating element to the end portions of heat-emitting blocks having good conductivity by using the adhesive,
a step of drying and firing the heat-emitting blocks and the heating element bonded to each other, and
a step of sealing the heating element and the heat-emitting blocks inside the glass tube together with an inert gas, and of taking the end portions of the lead wires electrically connected to the heat-emitting blocks outside the glass tube.
With these steps, the infrared ray lamp has high reliability by not raising its power consumption abnormally during use for a long time and by preventing its heating portions from fusing and breaking after use for a long time.
An infrared ray lamp from another viewpoint in accordance with the present invention comprises:
a heating element having a substantially plate shape, the width of which is larger than its thickness by five times or more,
a glass tube in which the heating element is hermetically sealed, and
two electrodes embedded at both end portions of the glass tube, electrically connected to both ends of the heating element respectively and also electrically connected to an external electric circuit.
With this structure, the emission intensity of the infrared ray lamp becomes a maximum value in the thickness direction of the heating element and becomes negligibly small in comparison with the maximum value in the width direction.
A heating apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises:
a heating element having a substantially plate shape, the width of which is larger than its thickness by five times or more,
a glass tube in which the heating element is hermetically sealed, and
two electrodes embedded at both end portions of the glass tube, electrically connected to both ends of the heating element respectively and also electrically connected to an external electric circuit.
With this structure, the emission intensity of the infrared ray lamp in the heating apparatus becomes a maximum value in the thickness direction of the heating element and becomes negligibly small in comparison with the maximum value in the width direction, thereby having directivity.
A method of producing an infrared ray lamp from another viewpoint of the present invention compromises:
a step of forming a glass tube by forming glass into a substantially cylindrical shape,
a step of hermetically sealing a substantially plate heating element, the width of which is larger than its thickness by five times or more, in the glass tube so that the center line of the heating element in the longitudinal direction thereof is substantially coaxial with the center axis of the glass tube, and
a step of forming a reflection film for reflecting infrared rays into a substantially semi-cylindrical shape on the external face of the cylindrical shape of the glass tube so as to substantially include the range of the disposition of the heating element in the axial direction thereof.
With this structure, the semi-cylindrical reflection film can be formed easily by using the cylindrical shape of the glass tube.
A method of producing an infrared ray lamp from still another viewpoint of the present invention compromises:
a step of forming a glass tube by forming glass into a substantially cylindrical shape,
a step of forming a reflection film for reflecting infrared rays into a predetermined substantially semi-cylindrical shape on the external face or the internal face of the cylindrical shape of the glass tube, and
a step of disposing a substantially plate heating element, the width of which is larger than its thickness by five times or more, so as to be included in the axial range wherein the reflection film is disposed, and of hermetically sealing the heating element inside the glass tube.
With this structure, the semi-cylindrical reflection film can be formed easily even on the internal face of the glass tube by using the cylindrical shape of the glass tube.
While the novel features of the invention are set forth particularly in the appended claims, the invention, both as to organization and content, will be better understood and appreciated, along with other objects and features thereof, from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
a) is a front view showing the end portions of an alternative embodiment of the infrared ray lamp of
part (a) of
part (a) of
part (a) of
part (a) of
part (a) of
part (a) of
part (a) of
part (a) of
It will be recognized that some or all of the Figures are schematic representations for purposes of illustration and do not necessarily depict the actual relative sizes or locations of the elements shown.
Preferred embodiments of an infrared ray lamp and an infrared heating apparatus in accordance with the present invention will be described below referring to the accompanying drawings.
<<First Embodiment>>
As shown in
As shown in
At the sealing portion 1c of the infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment, the internal lead wire 4 inside the glass tube 1 is connected to one end of the molybdenum foil sheet 7, and the other end of the molybdenum foil sheet 7 is connected to the external lead wire 8.
The adhesive 9 applied to the heating element 2 is formed of a carbon-based substance that is converted into a mixture of crystallized carbon such as graphite and amorphous carbon when heated to a high temperature. In the first embodiment, the heat-emitting block 3 is formed of graphite having good conductivity. Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the internal lead wire 4 is formed of a tungsten wire having a thermal expansion coefficient approximately equal to that of carbon. However, other metal wires, such as molybdenum wire and titanium wire, maybe used as the internal lead wire 4, if no problem occurs in heat resistance in working environments. The external lead wire 8 is formed of a molybdenum wire.
In the infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment, the heat-emitting block 3 is close-fitted via the adhesive 9 in the vicinity of the end portion of the plate heating element 2 as described above. In addition, the coil portion 5 of the internal lead wire 4 is wound tightly on the heat-emitting block 3 and secured thereto. In this: way, the heating element 2 is electrically connected to the internal lead wire 4 via the adhesive 9 and the heat-emitting block 3. In the internal lead wire 4, the end portion of the spring portion 6, the winding diameter of which is larger than that of the coil portion 5, is electrically connected to the molybdenum foil sheet 7 which is embedded in the sealing portion 1c of the glass tube 1. The other end of the molybdenum foil sheet 7 is also connected to the external lead wire 8 inside the sealing portion 1c.
In the infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment, the heating element 2, the heat-emitting blocks 3 and the internal lead wires 4 connected in series are inserted into the space inside the heat-resistant glass tube 1, an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen, is filled inside the glass tube 1, and the end portions (the sealing portions) of the glass tube 1 are melted and fused so as to be sealed. A part of the internal lead wire 4, the molybdenum foil sheet 7 and a part of the external lead wire 8 are sealed in the sealing portion 1c of the glass tube 1. The infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment is formed as described above.
In the infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment structured as described above, when the infrared ray lamp is turned on by applying a voltage across the external lead wires 8 disposed at both ends, the heating element 2 formed of the carbon-based substance is heated to a high temperature because of its resistance. Even when the heating element 2 is expanded in its longitudinal direction by this heating, since the spring portion 6 of the internal lead wire 4 is provided between the heating element 2 and the molybdenum foil sheet 7, the effect of the dimensional change due to the expansion of the heating element 2 is cancelled by the contraction of the spring portion 6. As a result, it is possible to prevent any unnecessary bending force from applying to the heating element 2. Since no unnecessary bending force applies to the heating element 2 that becomes brittle at high temperatures, the heating element 2 does not break even at high temperatures.
In the infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment, the heat-emitting block 3 formed of a material having good electric conductivity is connected to the vicinity of the end portion of the heating element 2 by using the carbon-based adhesive having good electric conductivity. For this reason, in the infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment, the contact resistance therebetween can be made small, and the temperature at the connection portion can be lowered.
Next, the fitting condition of the heating element 2 and the heat-emitting block 3 in the infrared ray lamp of the first embodiment will be described in more detail.
As shown in
In the first embodiment, by forming the groove 2a in the heating element 2, the area of the contact between the heating element 2 and the heat-emitting block 3 increases, and the resistance of the contact can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the adhesive 9 consisting of the carbon-based organic substance is very likely to be stuck to the heat-emitting block 3 formed of graphite, the adhesive 9 enters the groove 2a, and the bonding between the heating element 2 and the heat-emitting block 3 is carried out at their projected and recessed faces, whereby the strength of the bonding is enhanced significantly. In the first embodiment, the elucidation has been made on such example of structure that the number of the grooves 2a formed in the vicinity of the end portion of the heating element 2 is one, but similar effect can also be obtained even if plural grooves are formed on one face or on both faces; and a higher effect is obtained as the larger the number of the grooves is.
In the first embodiment, even when the clearance between the heating element 2 and the heat-emitting block 3 is of a range of 0 to 100 μm, no difference occurs in the resistance of the contact and the strength of the bonding.
Next, by using the method of the connection between the heating element and the heat-emitting block of the infrared ray lamp of the above-mentioned first embodiment, the connection between the heating element and the heat-emitting block of the infrared ray lamp having another structure will be described.
In an infrared ray lamp having two rod-like heating elements 21a and 21b,
In the infrared ray lamps shown in
As shown in
The heating elements 21a and 21b and the heat-emitting block 31 of the infrared ray lamp shown in
In the vicinities of the end portions of the above-mentioned cylindrical heating elements 21a and 21b, the plural grooves 21c (three grooves in the example shown: in
In the example shown in
In the infrared ray lamp shown in
On the other hand, two holes 32a and 32a are formed in the heat-emitting block 32, and grooves 32b are formed in each of the internal faces of these holes 32a and 32a. These grooves 32b extend in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in
The adhesive 9 is applied to the heating elements 22a and 22b structured as described above, and the heating elements 22a and 22b are inserted into the holes 32a and 32a of the heat-emitting block 32 respectively and made close contact therewith. After the heating elements 22a and 22b are made close contact with and fitted into the heat-emitting block 32, drying and heating (firing) steps are carried out, whereby a sintered substance consisting of the carbon-based substance of the adhesive 9 is formed. As a result, the heating elements 22a and 22b are connected to the heat-emitting block 32 via the sintered substance of the adhesive 9 of high conductivity.
In the infrared ray lamp shown in
In the infrared ray lamp shown in
In the infrared ray lamps shown in
<<Second Embodiment>>
Next, an infrared ray lamp in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention will be described referring to the accompanying drawings.
The infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment in accordance with the present invention has a plate heating element 23 and two-split heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b. Since the other structures of the second embodiment are similar to those of the above-mentioned first embodiment, their explanations are omitted.
In the infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment, the heating element 23, the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b and the internal lead wires 4 are sealed in the glass tube 1 as shown in
As shown in
In the second embodiment, the internal lead wire 4 is formed of a tungsten wire having a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of carbon. However, other metal wires, such as molybdenum and titanium wires, may be used as the internal lead wire 4, if no problem occurs in heat resistance in working environments. The external lead wire 8 is formed of a molybdenum wire.
As described above, in the infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment, the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b sandwich the vicinity of the end portion of the plate heating element 23 via the adhesive 9 so as to attain bonding. Furthermore, the coil portion 5 of the internal lead wire 4 is wound tightly around the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b and secured thereto. In this way, the heating element 23 is electrically connected to the internal lead wires 4 via the adhesive 9 and the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b. In the internal lead wire 4, the end portion of the spring portion 6, the winding diameter of which is larger than that of the coil portion 5, is electrically connected to the molybdenum foil sheet 7 embedded in the sealing portion of the glass tube 1. The other end of this molybdenum foil sheet 7 is also connected to the external lead wire 8 inside the sealing portion.
In the infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment, the heating element 23, the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b and the internal lead wire 4 connected in series are inserted into the space inside the heat-resistant glass tube. After filling an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen in the space inside the glass tube 1, the end portions (the sealing portions) of the glass tube 1 are melted and fused so as to be sealed. A part of the internal lead wire 4, the molybdenum foil sheet 7 and a part of the external lead wire 8 are sealed in the sealing portion of the glass tube 1. The infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment is formed as described above.
In the infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment structured as described above, when the infrared ray lamp is turned on by applying a voltage across the external lead wires 8 (
In the infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment, the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b formed of a material having good electric conductivity are connected to the vicinity of the end portion of the heating element 23 via the carbon-based adhesive having good electric conductivity. For this reason, in the infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment, the contact resistance can be decreased, and the temperature at the connection portion can be lowered.
Next, the bonding condition of the heating element 23 and the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b in the infrared ray lamp of the second embodiment will be described in more detail.
As shown in
In the second embodiment, by forming the grooves 23a and 23b in the heating element 23, the area of the contact between the heating element 23 and the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b increases, whereby the resistance of the contact can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the adhesive 9 formed of the carbon-based organic substance is very likely to be stuck to the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b formed of graphite, the adhesive 9 enters the grooves 23a and 23b, and the bonding between the heating element 23 and the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b is carried out at their projected and recessed faces, whereby the strength of the bonding is enhanced significantly. In the second embodiment, the structure wherein the number of the grooves formed in the vicinity of the end portion of the heating element 23 is one is explained as an example; however, an effect can also be obtained even if plural grooves are formed on one face or on both faces, and a higher effect is obtained as the number of the grooves increases.
In the second embodiment, the heating element 23 is bonded to the heat-emitting blocks 33a and 33b by pressure contact. As a result, unlike the case of an assembly process such as a fitting process, it is not necessary to accurately place the heating element and the heat-emitting blocks at predetermined positions; the assembly work can thus be carried out easily, and the cost of production can be reduced significantly.
As shown in
On the other hand, a hollowed step portion 34d is formed on each of the heat-emitting blocks 34a and 34b at a position for sandwiching the heating element 23. In addition, a projected portion 34c is formed on this step portion 34d. This projected portion 34c is formed at a position wherein it fits in each of the grooves 23a and 23b formed in the above-mentioned heating element 23.
The heating element 23 structured as described above is placed between the two heat-emitting blocks 34a and 34b and bonded thereto. At this time, the projected portions. 34c of the heat-emitting blocks 34a and 34b fit in the grooves 23a and 23b in the heating element 23. After this fitting, the heating element 23 and the heat-emitting block 34a and 34b are dried and heated (fired), thereby securely connected by the sintered substance formed of the carbon-based substance of the adhesive 9 and having high conductivity.
Since the second embodiment shown in
In addition, since the projected portions 34c fit in the grooves 23a and 23b, the bonding condition between the heating element 23 and the heat-emitting blocks 34a and 34b via the adhesive 9 becomes strong, whereby the strength of the bonding is enhanced.
The structure wherein the grooves are formed in the heating element 23 and the projected portions are formed on the heat-emitting blocks 34a and 34b is explained as an example in the second embodiment; however, the present invention is not limited to this kind of structure; the grooves and the projected portions may be formed opposite to each other, and the number of each is not limited to one.
As shown in
On the other hand, a hollowed step portion 35d is formed on each of the heat-emitting blocks 35a and 35b at a position for sandwiching the heating element 24. In addition, a projected portion 35c is formed on this step portion 35d. This projected portion 35c is formed at a position wherein it fits in the through hole 24a formed in the above-mentioned heating element 24.
The heating element 24 structured as described above is sandwiched between the two heat-emitting blocks 35a and 35b and bonded thereto. At this time, the projected portions 35c of the heat-emitting blocks 35a and 35b fit in the through hole 24a in the heating element 24. After this bonding, the heating element 24 and the heat-emitting block 35a and 35b are dried and heated (fired), thereby securely connected by the sintered substance formed of the carbon-based substance of the adhesive 9 and having high conductivity.
Since the embodiment shown in
In addition, since the projected portions 35c fit in the through hole 24a, the condition of the bonding between the heating element 24 and the heat-emitting blocks 35a and 35b via the adhesive 9 becomes strong, whereby the strength of the bonding is enhanced.
The structure wherein the through hole and the projected portion are circular and the number of each is one is explained as an example in the embodiment shown in
Furthermore, it may be possible to use the structure wherein only the projected portion 35c shown in
The heat-emitting block formed of graphite having conductivity and an electrode terminal function is explained as an example in the first and second embodiments; however, the material of the heat-emitting block is not limited to graphite; various materials having heat resistance up to 1200° C. good electrical conductivity and good thermal conductivity are applicable. Since graphite itself is low in hardness and strength for example, various materials enhanced in hardness and strength, such as a material obtained by mixing a carbide, a nitride, a boride, etc. with graphite and by firing the mixture, a material obtained by adding glass-like carbon to graphite and by firing the mixture, and the like, are applicable.
The present invention has the following effect as made clear by the above-mentioned detailed explanations of the first and second embodiments.
In accordance with the present invention, the heating portions can be prevented from fusing and breaking during use for a long time, whereby it is possible to obtain an infrared ray lamp having high reliability and long life.
The infrared ray lamp of the present invention uses a heating element formed of a carbon-based substance and formed into a rod-like shape instead of the conventional tungsten spiral filament, and the infrared ray emission rate of the rod-like carbon-based substance is high, 78 to 84%; for this reason, the infrared ray emission rate of the infrared ray lamp is high. Furthermore, since the rod-like carbon-based substance has a negative temperature characteristic wherein the resistance lowers as the temperature rises, it is possible to reduce the rush current at the time when the infrared ray lamp of the present invention is turned on.
Furthermore, since the infrared ray lamp of the present invention is structured such that the heat-emitting blocks having good conductivity are bonded to the end portions of the rod-like carbon-based heating element, the resistance of the contact between the heating element and the heat-emitting blocks at the time of heating can be reduced, and temperature increase can be lowered, whereby it is possible to significantly enhance the reliability of the lead wire installation portions.
Furthermore, the infrared ray lamp of the present invention has the structure wherein the projected and recessed portions are formed between the rod-like carbon-based heating element and the heat-emitting blocks and then bonded and fired via the carbon-based adhesive. Because of this structure, the strength of the bonding portions of the infrared ray lamp of the present invention becomes high. Furthermore, since the rod-like carbon-based heating element and the adhesive for joining the heat-emitting blocks are formed of similar material, their thermal expansion coefficients are almost similar, whereby it is possible to provide a highly reliable infrared ray lamp not causing any accidents, such as breakage, during on-off switching operation for a long time. Furthermore, since the structure wherein the rod-like carbon-based heating element and the heat-emitting blocks are bonded by the fitting due to the engagement of the projected and recessed portions and by using the carbon-based adhesive is used in the present invention, it is possible to enhance workability and to raise quality at the time of the bonding.
In accordance with the method of producing the infrared ray lamp of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a highly reliable infrared ray lamp characterized in that its power consumption does not change abnormally even after use for a long time, and that the heating portions are prevented from fusing and breaking during use for a long time; furthermore, it is possible to enhance workability and to raise quality at the time of the assembly and bonding.
<<Third Embodiment>>
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described referring to the accompanying drawings. However, the materials, sizes, production methods and the like of the embodiment described below are only examples preferable for an embodiment of the present invention. The applicable range of the present invention is therefore not limited by these examples.
Part (a) of
The infrared ray lamp of the third embodiment comprises a substantially cylindrical glass tube 301, metal foil sheets 305 embedded in both end portions 301c of this glass tube 301, a heating element 302 hermetically sealed inside the glass tube 301, heat-emitting blocks 303 secured to both end portions of the heating element 302, internal lead wires 304 for connecting the heat-emitting blocks 303 to the metal foil sheets 305, and external lead wires 306 for connecting the metal foil sheets 305 to an external electric circuit.
The glass tube 301 is formed of quartz glass. The cylindrical portion of the glass tube 301 is about 10 mm in outside diameter, about 1 mm in thickness and about 360 mm in length. The sealing portions 301c at both ends of the cylindrical portion are each formed into a plate shape, and an argon gas having atmospheric pressure is filled inside the cylindrical portion.
The heating element 302 is formed of a carbon-based substance consisting of a mixture of crystallized carbon such as graphite, a resistance value adjustment substance such as a nitrogen compound and amorphous carbon. The resistance value adjustment substance is mixed to adjust the resistance of the heating element 302. This resistance value adjustment substance is used to make the resistance value of the heating element higher than that of a heating element formed of only carbon.
The heating element 302 in accordance with the third embodiment has a plate shape having a thickness t of 0.5 mm, a width T of 1.0 mm (=2t), 2.5 mm (=5t) or 6.0 mm (=12t) and a length of about 300 mm. However, the plate heating element 302 having a width T of 6.0 mm (=12t) is shown in
The heat-emitting blocks 303 secured to both end portions of the heating element 302 are formed of a carbon-based substance similar to that of the heating element 302. The shape of the heat-emitting block 303 has a substantially cylindrical shape having about 6 mm in diameter and about 20 mm in length. A slit 303a, in which the longitudinal end portion of the heating element 2 is inserted, is formed in the end face 303b of the heat-emitting block 303 opposed to the heating element 302 so as to pass through its center. The heating element 2 is fitted into this slit 303a and secured to the heat-emitting block 303. The internal lead wire 304 is wound tightly around the central portion of the heat-emitting block 303, thereby forming a close-contact portion 304a.
The cross-sectional area of the heat-emitting block 303 is sufficiently larger than the cross-sectional area of the heating element 302 (about nine times or more in the third embodiment). The resistance value of the heat-emitting block 303 is therefore sufficiently smaller than the resistance value of the heating element 302. As a result, when a current flows through the heating element 302 and the heating element 302 generates heat, the heat generation at the heat-emitting block 303 itself is sufficiently smaller than that at the heating element 302 and negligible as described later. In addition, although heat is transmitted from the heating element 302 to the heat-emitting block 303, part of the heat is emitted from the surface of the heat-emitting block 303. As a result, the amount of the heat transmitted from the heat-emitting block 303 to the internal lead wire 304 is very scarce, and the internal lead wire 304 is therefore not overheated.
The internal lead wire 304 is formed of molybdenum or tungsten, and is a conductive wire of about 0.7 mm in diameter. The internal lead wire 304 has a spiral coil portion 304b following the close-contact portion 304a wound around the heat-emitting block 303. The spiral coil portion 304b is larger than the close-contact portion 304a by about 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter, and is provided so as to be coaxial with the center axis of the heat-emitting block 303. The spiral coil portion 304b is disposed away from the side face of the heat-emitting block 303 by a predetermined distance so that it can expand and contract like a coil spring in the axial direction of the heat-emitting block 303. In addition, one end of the internal lead wire 304 is secured to the metal foil sheet 305 by crimping. At the time of assembly, the internal lead wires 304 on both sides are pulled so that each of them becomes longer about 3 mm outwardly in the longitudinal direction than its normal length, whereby the heating element 302 is secured.
As described above, in the third embodiment, the heating element 302 is electrically connected to the metal foil sheets 305, and pulled appropriately to both sides thereof by the internal lead wires 304, thereby secured stably. At this time, the heating element 302 is secured so that the center line of the heating element 302 in the longitudinal direction thereof is aligned with the center axis of the glass tube 301.
In addition, the spiral coil portion 304b of the internal lead wire 304 has a function described below. As described later, when a current flows through the heating element 302 and the heating element 302 generates heat, the temperatures of the heating element 302 and the glass tube 301 are raised by the heat, and they undergo thermal expansion. At this time, a thermal stress occurs between the heating element 302 and the glass tube 301 because of the difference between their thermal expansion coefficients. This thermal stress is absorbed by the elasticity of the spiral coil portion 304b. Because of this structure, in the third embodiment, the connection between the heat-emitting block 303 and the metal foil sheet 305 via the internal lead wire 304 is not impaired by the thermal stress.
The metal foil sheet 305 is a molybdenum foil sheet measuring about 3 mm by 7 mm by 0.02 mm (thickness). The inner lead wire 304 is secured to one end of the metal foil sheet 305, and the external lead wire 306 is secured to the other end thereof. The external lead wire 306 is formed of molybdenum and welded to the metal foil sheet 305.
When a voltage is applied to the heating element 302 via the external lead wires 306, a current flows through the heating element 302. Since the heating element 302 has a resistance, heat generates from the heating element 302. At this time, the heating element 302 emits infrared rays.
Part (a) of
The thick solid line 307a, the thin solid line 307b and the broken line 307c in the part (a) of
In the third embodiment, the intensity distribution curves 307a, 307b and 307c were measured as described below.
First, a constant voltage is applied to a 600 W infrared ray lamp, and infrared rays are emitted from the infrared ray lamp. In a condition wherein infrared rays are emitted from the infrared ray lamp stably, the amount of the infrared rays is measured at a position located a constant distance (about 300 mm) away from the center line (the origin 0 of
As indicated by the intensity distribution curves 307a, 307b and 307c shown in the part (a) of
When the infrared rays are emitted unequally as described above, for example, when only a predetermined region is desired to be heated, the region should be-placed on the x axis. On the contrary, when only the predetermined region is not desired to be heated, the region should be placed on the y axis. As a result, in the third embodiment, the emission intensity can have directivity, even if such a reflection plate as that used for the conventional infrared ray lamp shown in the above-mentioned
The heating element 302 of the third embodiment is formed of a carbon-based substance consisting of a mixture of crystallized carbon such as graphite, a resistance value adjustment substance such as a nitrogen compound and amorphous carbon. As described above, the carbon-based substance used as the material of the heating element 302 has an infrared ray emission rate higher than those of the conventional nichrome and tungsten. For this reason, when the carbon-based substance is used as the heating element 302 of the infrared ray lamp, the efficiency of the emission from the heating element 302 is higher than those from the conventional heating elements.
Furthermore, since the resistance value of the heating element 302 of the third embodiment is higher than those of the conventional heating elements, even if the surface area of the heating element having the shape of a rod, a plate or the like is smaller than those of the conventional heating elements, the heating element can emit infrared rays having sufficient intensity. As a result, since the surface area of the heating element 302 is smaller than those of the conventional heating elements, heat emission from the heating element 302 to the gas around the element is scarce, whereby efficiency reduction due to heat emission from the heating element 302 is restricted.
Because of the above-mentioned reasons, when a constant voltage is applied to the infrared ray lamp, the emission intensity of the third embodiment shown in the part (a) of
In the part (a) of
However, the fact that the heating element 302 is formed of the carbon-based substance is not essential in the present invention. Even if the heating element 302 is formed of the conventional nichrome or tungsten, when the width T of the heating element 302 is larger than its thickness t by five times or more, it is possible to obtain emission intensity having such relatively high directivity as those indicated by the intensity direction curves 307a and 307b shown in the part (a) of
Although the heating element 302 of the third embodiment formed integrally into the shape of a rod or plate is explained as an example, the heating element of the present invention is not limited to this kind of shape; a bundle obtained by binding plural rod-like members for example may be used as a whole to form a heating member.
Furthermore, although the infrared ray lamp of the third embodiment having the emission blocks 303 is explained as an example, the present invention is not limited to this kind of structure. In the case when the amount of the heat transmitted from the heating element to the internal lead wires is scarce to the extent that the internal lead wires are not overheated for example in accordance with the specifications of an infrared ray lamp, the structure wherein the emission blocks are omitted is also applicable.
<<Fourth Embodiment>>
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described referring to the accompanying drawings. However, the materials, sizes, production methods and the like of the embodiment described below are only examples preferable for an embodiment of the present invention. The applicable range of the present invention is therefore not limited by these examples.
Part (a) of
Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment, similar components as those of the third embodiment shown in
The infrared ray lamp of the fourth embodiment has a reflection film 301a for infrared rays in a constant range on the external face of the glass tube 301 as shown in
Part (a) of
In addition, a constant power of 600 W is applied to the infrared ray lamp. Since the measurement method is the same as that of the third embodiment, its explanation is omitted.
As indicated by the intensity distribution curve 307d in the part (a) of
On the other hand, the infrared rays from the heating element 302 are hardly emitted in the negative direction of the x axis, that is, in the direction wherein the infrared rays are shielded by the reflection film 301a (in the left direction in the part (b) of
When the intensity distribution curve 307d in the part (a) of
The infrared ray lamp of the fourth embodiment is thus suited to a case wherein an object disposed in the positive direction of the x axis is locally heated for example.
In the infrared ray lamp of the fourth embodiment, the reflection film 301a is produced in accordance with the following forming process.
(1) The glass tube 301 is formed into a cylindrical shape. (Step 1)
(2) The heating element 302 and the like are disposed inside the glass tube 301, and the glass tube 301 is hermetically sealed. (Step 2)
(3) Gold is evaporated on the external face of the glass tube 301 thereby to form the reflection film 301a. (Step 3)
By forming the reflection film 301a as described above, the reflection film 301a can be formed by using the external shape of the glass tube 301. As a result, the reflection film 301a having an accurate semi-cylindrical shape can be formed easily.
In the above-mentioned process for forming the reflection film 301a, step 3 may be carried out before step 2.
Furthermore, the reflection film 301a may be formed by transfer or the like, instead of evaporation. In this case, transfer is carried out as described below.
(1) A mixture of resin, gold and glass is formed into a film and bonded to the surface of the glass tube 301.
(2) The film bonded to the surface of the glass tube 301 is baked thereby to vaporize the resin included in the film.
Transfer is carried out as described above, and a gold film is formed on the surface of the glass tube 301.
Since the internal face of the reflection film 301a in the fourth embodiment, used as a reflection face, is made close contact with the external face of the glass tube 301, the internal face does not make contact with the air. In the conventional infrared ray lamp shown in the above-mentioned
In the fourth embodiment, the reflection film 301a is formed into the shape of the external face of the glass tube 301, that is, a semi-cylindrical shape, and is maintained in the shape. The reflection film can be maintained at substantially similar shape for a longer time than the reflection plate 280 used for the conventional infrared ray lamp.
As described above, in the fourth embodiment, the reflection film 301a is maintained for a long time, and the reflectivity of its reflection face does not lower. The infrared ray lamp of the fourth embodiment therefore maintains its good characteristics for a longer time in comparison with the structure wherein the reflection plate 280 is installed in the conventional infrared ray lamp.
In the fourth embodiment, the structure wherein the reflection film 301a is formed on the external face of the glass tube 301 is described as an example; however, the present invention is not limited to this structure; the structure wherein a reflection film formed on the internal face of the glass tube may be used. However, in the case of such a structure, step 3 must be carried out before step 2 in the above-mentioned process for forming the reflection film.
In the case when the reflection film is formed on the internal face of the glass tube 301, the reflection film is not exposed to the air, and its reflection face is not stained with adherents and the like. For this reason, just as in the case when the reflection film is formed on the external face of the glass tube 301, the good characteristics of the reflection film are maintained for a longer time without causing any changes with time in comparison with the case when the reflection plate 280 is used for the conventional infrared ray lamp. However, since the reflection film formed on the internal face of the glass tube makes contact with the high-temperature gas inside the glass tube, the thickness of the reflection film may be reduced by evaporation, dispersion and the like, and its reflectivity may lower. For this reason, in the case when the reflection film is formed on the internal face of the glass tube, the distance between the reflection film and the heating element is required to be set at a sufficiently large value.
Although gold used as the material of the reflection film 301a is described as an example in the fourth embodiment, metals other than gold, such as titanium nitride, silver and aluminum, can be used; metals having high reflectivity for infrared rays and being stable at high temperatures are applicable.
The reflection film 301a having a semi-cylindrical shape is described as an example in the fourth embodiment; however, the present invention is not limited to this shape; various shapes are applicable in consideration of the reflection direction of infrared rays. Instead of the semi-cylindrical shape, the shape of a part of a circle, a parabola or an ellipse in cross section for example may be used as the shape of the reflection film. Furthermore, it is possible to use a shape formed of a combination of plural straight lines, such as a part of a polygon (the shape of the letter for example (or the shape of a bathtub)) or a shape formed of a combination of straight and curved lines (the shape of the letter U for example) or a flat shape in cross section. The shape of the reflection film 301a should only be a shape suited for obtaining the desired directional distribution of the emission intensity of infrared rays. To form the reflection film 301a having this kind of shape, the portion of the glass tube wherein the reflection film 301a is formed by evaporation or the like should only be formed into a shape corresponding to the desired shape of the reflection film; this can be attained easily by taken the method of forming the reflection film 301a described before.
<<Fifth Embodiment>>
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described referring to the accompanying drawings. However, the materials, sizes, production methods and the like of the embodiment described below are only examples preferable for an embodiment of the present invention. The applicable range of the present invention is therefore not limited by these examples.
Part (a) of
Furthermore, in the fifth embodiment, the same components as those of the third embodiment shown in
The infrared ray lamp of the fifth embodiment has a reflection film 301b for infrared rays in addition to the structure of the third embodiment, just as in the case of the above-mentioned fourth embodiment. However, in the infrared ray lamp of the fifth embodiment, the reflection film 301b is formed on the external face of the glass tube 301 at a position different from that in the above-mentioned fourth embodiment. Although the reflection film 301a of the fourth embodiment is disposed so as to be opposed to the wider side portion 2a of the heating element 302 (
The material, thickness, reflectivity, shape and forming method of the reflection film 301b of the fifth embodiment are similar to those of the reflection film 301a of the fourth embodiment.
Part (a) of
In addition, a constant power of 600 W is applied to the infrared ray lamp. Since the measurement method is the same as that of the third embodiment, its explanation is omitted.
In the infrared ray lamp of the fifth embodiment, the positive direction of the y axis (the direction of the arrow of the y axis in
As shown in the intensity distribution curve 307e of the infrared ray emission in the part (a) of
When the intensity distribution curve 271 of the conventional infrared ray lamp shown in the part (a) of the above-mentioned
As a result, the infrared ray lamp of the fifth embodiment is suited, for example, in the case when the center of an object to be heated is placed on the y axis of the infrared ray lamp in the positive direction thereof and in the case when the entire flat face of the object to be heated, which is perpendicular to the y axis, is heated uniformly.
<<Sixth Embodiment>>
Next, a heating apparatus using the infrared ray lamp in accordance with the present invention will be described as a sixth embodiment.
The infrared ray lamp described in the above-mentioned third embodiment is used as the infrared ray lamp for the heating apparatus of the sixth embodiment, and the reflection plate 280 shown in
All of the above-mentioned infrared ray lamps in accordance with the above-mentioned first to fifth embodiments are structured to have substantially similar external shape as that of the conventional infrared ray lamp. For this reason, in a heating apparatus having the conventional infrared ray lamp, it is easy for ordinary engineers skilled in the related art to replace the infrared ray lamp with one of the infrared ray lamps in accordance with the first to fifth embodiments.
Heating apparatuses each having the conventional infrared ray lamp that is replaceable with the infrared ray lamp of the present invention as described above are the following apparatuses, for example.
(1) Heating apparatuses, such as a heater, a kotatsu (a Japanese traditional heating device), an air conditioner, an infrared treatment apparatus and a bathroom heater
(2) Drying apparatuses, such as a clothing drier, a bedding drier, a food treatment apparatus, a garbage treatment apparatus, a heating-type deodorizing apparatus and a bathroom drier
(3) Heating-type sterilizing apparatuses
(4) Cooking apparatuses, such as an oven, an oven range, an oven toaster, a toaster, a roaster, a warming apparatus, a yakitori cooker (skewered chicken cooker), a cooking stove, a defroster and a brewer
(5) Hairdressing apparatuses, such as a drier and a permanent wave heater
(6) Apparatuses for fixing letters, images, etc. on sheets
(a) Apparatuses for carrying out display by using toner, such as an LBP (laser beam printer), a PPC (plain paper copier) and a facsimile
(b) Apparatuses for thermal transfer of an original film to an object by heating
(7) Soldering heaters
(8) Driers for semiconductor-wafers, etc.
(9) Apparatuses for heating pure water when cleaning wafers, etc. in semiconductor production processes, and
(10) Industrial coating driers
In other words, an apparatus for heating objects by using an infrared ray lamp as a heat source can be an apparatus whose infrared ray lamp can be replaced with as described above.
The reflection plate 308a of the sixth embodiment is formed of aluminum, has a semi-cylindrical shape measuring about 0.4 to 0.5 mm in thickness, and has a mirror-finished reflection face on its internal face. The infrared ray reflectivity of the reflection plate 308a is about 80 to 90%. The reflection plate 308a is disposed in parallel with the center line of the heating element 302, with a predetermined space provided from the external face of the glass tube 301. The reflection plate 308a is installed by using the center line of the heating element 302 as its center. As shown in
The reflection plate 308a formed of aluminum is explained as an example in the sixth embodiment; however, instead of aluminum, materials having high infrared ray reflectivity and being stable at high temperatures, such as gold, titanium nitride, silver and stainless steel, are applicable.
The reflection plate 308a having a semi-cylindrical shape is explained in the sixth embodiment; however, its cross section can also take other shapes, for example, a shape having a part of a circle, a parabola or an ellipse; or a shape formed of a combination of plural straight lines, such as a part of a polygon (the shape of the Japanese letter “” for example), a shape formed of a combination of them (the shape of the English letter “U” for example) or a flat shape; the shape should only be a shape suited for obtaining the desired directional distribution of the emission intensity of infrared rays.
By installing the reflection plate 308a as described above, the directional distribution of the emission intensity of the infrared rays has substantially similar shape as that of the intensity distribution curve 307d in the fourth embodiment shown in the part (a) of the above-mentioned
The emission intensity of the infrared ray lamp of the third embodiment has directivity in the x-axis direction as shown in
<<Seventh Embodiment>>
Next, a heating apparatus using the infrared ray lamp in accordance with the present invention will be described as a seventh embodiment.
The infrared ray lamp of the heating apparatus of the seventh embodiment is structured such that the reflection plate 308a described in the above-mentioned sixth embodiment is disposed 90 degrees rotated around the center line of the infrared ray lamp.
As shown in
By disposing the reflection plate 308b as described above, the directional distribution of the emission intensity of infrared rays is substantially equal to that of the fifth embodiment shown in the part (a) of the above-mentioned
Furthermore, the infrared ray lamp of the third embodiment shown in
In the infrared ray lamp of the present invention, the intensity of the infrared rays emitted from the heating element has directivity described below. In other words, the emission intensity of the infrared rays becomes a maximum value in the thickness direction of the heating element, and the intensity in the width direction of the heating element has a small value that is substantially negligible in comparison with the maximum value. The conventional reflection plate is not required to be used for such a use wherein an infrared ray lamp having such directivity is suited, whereby the lamp can be structured simply. The infrared ray lamp having this structure does not cause reduction in the reflectivity of the reflection plate, thereby preventing reduction in efficiency.
In addition, in the case when the infrared ray lamp of the present invention has a reflection film, the intensity distribution curve of the emission of the infrared rays emitted from the heating element can be adjusted to have a predetermined shape. As a result, the intensity of the infrared rays emitted in unnecessary directions can be restricted, whereby the infrared ray lamp of the present invention exhibits good emission efficiency. Furthermore, unlike the reflection plate, the reflection face of the reflection film is not stained by external adherents and the like. Moreover, changes with time in the shape of the reflection film and the like are less significant than those of the reflection plate. As a result, the high reflectivity of the reflection film is maintained for a longer period than that of the reflection plate. The infrared ray lamp of the present invention therefore maintains its good characteristics for a long time.
In the infrared ray lamp of the present invention, by providing the reflection film at a position desirable for the heating element, the intensity of the infrared rays reflected by and emitted from the reflection film can be increased in a specific direction, and the range of the high emission intensity can be narrowed. As a result, the infrared ray lamp of the present invention having this kind of reflection film becomes a device suited for a use wherein the area in the direction opposed to the reflection film is heated locally, for example, suited for fixing and the like in a copier.
Furthermore, in the infrared ray lamp of the present invention, by providing the reflection film at another position desirable for the heating element, the intensity of the infrared rays reflected by and emitted from the reflection film can be made substantially the same, whereby the range of the emission intensity can be widened. As a result, the infrared ray lamp of the present invention having this kind of reflection film becomes a device suited for a use wherein the entire flat face of an object placed in parallel with the heating element and opposed to the reflection film is heated uniformly, for example, suited for a toaster.
In the method of producing the infrared ray lamp in accordance with the present invention, the reflection film is formed by using the shape of the glass tube. This facilitates the formation of the semi-cylindrical reflection film.
In the heating apparatus in accordance with the present invention, the infrared ray lamp of the present invention has similar shape as that of the conventional infrared ray lamp; for this reason, the infrared ray lamp of the conventional heating apparatus can be replaced with the infrared ray lamp of the present invention. As a result, by providing the conventional heating apparatus with the infrared ray lamp having directivity in the emission intensity of infrared rays, a heating apparatus having good characteristics can be obtained, and the heating apparatus can be used for heating objects or rooms.
In the heating apparatus of the present invention, by installing the semi-cylindrical reflection plate instead of the reflection film, the direction curve of the intensity of the emission of the infrared rays can be adjusted to have a predetermined shape. With this structure of the infrared ray lamp of the heating apparatus of the present invention, the intensity of the infrared rays emitted in unnecessary directions can be restricted. In addition, even if the reflectivity of the reflection plate lowers, the directivity of the infrared ray lamp is not so affected as in the case of the conventional apparatus, since the infrared ray lamp has directivity. For this reason, the heating efficiency of the heating apparatus in accordance with the present invention is superior to that of the conventional apparatus.
In the heating apparatus in accordance with the present invention, by providing the reflection film at a position desirable for the heating element, the intensity of the infrared rays reflected by and emitted from the reflection film can be increased in a specific direction, and the range of the high emission intensity can be narrowed. As a result, the heating apparatus of the present invention having this kind of reflection film becomes a device suited for a use wherein the area in the direction opposed to the reflection film is heated locally.
Furthermore, in the heating apparatus of the present invention, by providing the reflection film at another position desirable for the heating element, the intensity of the infrared rays reflected by and emitted from the reflection film can be made substantially the same, whereby the range of the emission intensity can be widened. As a result, the heating apparatus of the present invention having this kind of reflection film becomes a device suited for a use wherein the entire flat face of an object placed in parallel with the heating element and opposed to the reflection film is heated uniformly.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the presently preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting, but various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, after having read the above disclosure; accordingly, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
The present invention, relating to a heating apparatus for heating objects, rooms, etc., can provide a heating apparatus that emits infrared rays highly efficiently and has a long life by using an infrared ray lamp widely used as a heat source, and can also provide a versatile apparatus wherein the directivity of infrared ray emission can be selected depending on an object to be heated.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10615442 | Jul 2003 | US |
| Child | 10643218 | US | |
| Parent | 09890115 | US | |
| Child | 10615442 | US |
