Patent Application
20240097602
This application generally relates to data centers and, in particular, how data centers can be built without using the greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting infrastructure used to build traditional data centers.
Climate change is the defining crisis of our time. The Fourth Industrial Revolution will redefine our relationship between technology, society, and the environment. Although we are currently losing the battle to control the catastrophic rise GHG emissions, we can win this war through technological innovation. As we come to terms with past generational failures to address how disadvantaged communities have not benefited from these advances and how their resources were unfairly used, we must ensure that current innovations are equitable, and run concurrent with being non-detrimental to the environment and help to mitigate the effects of climate change.
“And BY FAR [sic], the biggest use of energy and the largest GHG emissions associated with technology is the datacenter.” (See Datacenters—Get Ready for Scope 3 at Submer.com) “Data centers are where the demands of digitalization and climate change collide. Organizations need new digital infrastructure to process and store the increasing amount of data they are generating—and they need it fast. But it is also necessary for that infrastructure to have as little impact as possible on the environment, and to run for decades despite a changing climate.” (See Data centers: balancing climate change and digital growth at AECOM.com) “While most climate change activists are focused on limiting emissions from the automotive, aviation and energy sectors, it's the communications industry that is on track to generate more carbon emissions than all of the aforementioned sectors.” (See Why data centres are the new frontier in the fight against climate change at ComputerWorld.com)
Data centers can be broken down into seven component categories.
The conglomeration of the component categories that may be needed to build and operate a data center may be referred to as a Hyper-Infrastructured Data Center (HIDC).
The external infrastructure needed to power an HIDC comprises power plants, Peaker plants, substations, transmission towers, transmission lines, and transformers. Together this external power infrastructure is often referred to as ‘the grid.’ Since HIDCs are needed for running our digital lives, they cannot rely on just one source of power. Redundancies are a facet of an HIDC. Additional measures are needed to maintain round-the-clock power to prevent a thermal runaway event which could cause a cascading failure, resulting in data loss, corrupted files, and damaged equipment.
The internal infrastructure of an HIDC includes, but is not limited to, numerous elements such as concrete, steel, lead, server cabinets, server chassis, plastics, lighting, cages, elevators, stairwells, conduit, electrical panels, multiple roofs, fire prevention systems, HVAC systems, computer room air conditioners, computer room air handlers, electrostatic control systems, humidifiers, fans, power conditioning and distribution units, office space, on-site diesel generators, diesel storage tanks, and uninterruptable power supplies. The internal infrastructure needed for each HIDC to intake, filter, circulate and expel water requires water pipes, filtration systems, corrosion control systems, electrical pumps, water meters, valves, and other associated parts. An on-site wastewater remediation facility must often be set up so that any gray water that leaves the HIDC meets governmental water standards.
According to OurWorldInData.org, the “energy-related emissions from the manufacturing of iron and steel” (See Sector by sector: where do global greenhouse gas emissions come from? at OurWorldInData.org) account for 7.2% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. Steel is used in the construction of one HIDC amounts to “12,152 tons: nearly twice the amount used in the Eiffel Tower.” (See Touring Facebook's Gallatin data center: reaching the summit of Mount Crushmore at Tennessean.com). This staggering amount is just to erect the data center building(s) and does not include the weight of the server cabinets and the server chassis within them. Exacerbating the HIDCs steel usage, “a hypothetical 300,000-square-foot data center could fit more than 12,000 racks and cabinets.” (See Data Center Design Overview: Cabinet Layout, Rack Design, & More at blog.Enconnex.com) For a single 1,000,000-square-foot data center, this would add an additional approximately 48,000,000 pounds (approximately 24,000 tons) of steel, for a combined total of over 36,000 tons of steel. The GHG footprint of producing and transporting this much steel, in addition to the GHG footprint of constructing the data center itself is significant. And these staggering numbers only apply to the steel that is used in a data center. In addition to steel, other materials such as concrete, copper, plastic, etc. are also used and have corresponding GHG emissions.
In addition to GHG emissions of the materials, a 2012 article from the New York Times stated that on an annual global basis, data centers “use about 30 billion watts of electricity, roughly equivalent to the output of 30 nuclear power plants.” (See Power, Pollution and the Internet at NYTimes.com). “In 2015 alone, the world's data centers used up 416.2 TWh of electricity—higher than the UK's total energy consumption in that year. This number was estimated to double every 4 years, despite innovations in hardware that massively increase their capacity to store data. This degree of data center growth is unsustainable beyond the next 10-15 years, according to Ian Bitterlin, Britain's foremost data center expert and formerly, a visiting professor at the University of Leeds.” (See The Link Between Internet Use and Global Warming at Science. TheWire.in) An article published in 2021 says “the modern data center operates with little human activity, yet in aggregate worldwide, consumes nearly 3% of the world's power production. As digital transformation increases, data center energy consumption could soon reach 8%.” (See Data Centers & the Environment 2021 —Report on the State of the Green Data Center at DataCenterDynamics.com) and the amount of electricity and infrastructure will continue to grow with each bit and byte of information added to data centers. “The communications industry could use 20% of all the world's electricity by 2025, hampering attempts to meet climate change targets and straining grids as demand by power-hungry server farms storing digital data from billions of smartphones, tablets and internet-connected devices grows exponentially.” (See ‘Tsunami of data’ could consume one fifth of global electricity by 2025 at TheGuardian.com)
HIDCs are so energy intensive, they consume more electricity than some countries can produce, causing a shortage of electricity for the average citizen. “Data centers in Ireland are now consuming more electricity than all the rural homes in the country, . . . ” (See Data centres are consuming more electricity than rural homes in Ireland for the first time at EuroNews.com) “A recent study . . . indicates that by 2030, the power requirements of Japan's data centers will exceed the nation's entire electricity generation capacity.” (See Data Center Cooling Market-Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2022-2027) at MordorIntelligence.com)
Every HIDC has a large carbon footprint. “The estimates by various sources suggest that the data center accounts for 2% to 5% of the global Green House Gas (GHG) emissions.” (See Data Center Cooling Market-Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2022-2027) at MordorIntelligence.com) This is higher than the yearly total for the Aviation industry. “It accounts for around 2.5% of global CO2 emissions, but 3.5% when we take non-CO2 impacts on climate into account.” (See Climate change and flying: what share of global CO2 emissions come from aviation at OurWorldInData.com)
Heat is the waste by-product of computation. An HIDC must keep its internal temperature cool enough to prevent overheating. In addition to air conditioning, water is unique with its ability to absorb heat. One HIDC can digest millions of gallons of water per day for cooling. The usage of water is known as their “Water Footprint” and every HIDC has one. Globally, the water footprint of all HIDC's is estimated to be “1218 billion liters/day.” (See Data centre water consumption at Nature.com)
HIDCs also have a Water Scarcity Footprint. This is the stress created by an HIDC on local water resources. “Data centers' heavy reliance on water-scarce basins to supply their direct and indirect water requirements not only highlight the industry's role in local water scarcity, but also exposes potential risk since water stress is expected to increase in many watersheds due to increases in water demands and more intense, prolonged droughts due to climate change.” (See The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States at IoPScience.IoP.org)
Local environmental impacts are a byproduct of HIDCs. “Currently, datacenters discard 98% of the electricity they use as excess hear (See Heat in your datacenter: How to transform your biggest loss into a gain at Submer.com) back into the surrounding environment. Additionally, noise pollution, also known as acoustic waste, is causing headaches for residents. An article published by ABC15.com, Chandler, Arizona is considering banning data centers amid noise complaints. “It is a loud hum. It's 24/7 and it's very irritating because it never goes away.” (See Chandler to consider banning data centers amid noise complaints at ABC15.com)
In addition to environmental impacts, there are societal consequences caused by HIDCs. The competition for natural resources is a direct threat to every nation's national security. “The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) suggests that in the last 60 years, at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts have a link to natural resources, and that this link doubles the risk of a conflict relapse in the first five years.” (See Conflict and Natural Resources at PeaceKeeping.UN.org). The HIDC is also impacting Biodiversity. “Data centers occupy actual land, and it is the human race's use and misues [sic] of land which is one of the prime causes of species loss.” (See What has biodiversity got to do with data centers? at DataCenterDynamics.com)
“Data Centers are one of the most energy intensive building types, consuming 10 to 50 times the energy per floor space of a typical commercial office.” (See ENERGY STAR Expands Efforts to Improve Energy Efficiency of U.S. Data Centers at EPA.gov). Based on available data, data centers are heavily dependent upon resources from the following industries significantly raising each industry's annual GHG emissions:
These six industries account for a combined total of 29.9% of the world's annual GHG emissions. (See Sector by sector: where do global greenhouse gas emissions come from? at OurWorldInData.org)
Overcoming the significant environmental costs to build and operate HIDCs in a manner that is environmentally friendly may be challenging.
In an embodiment, an infrastructureless data center is disclosed. The infrastructureless data center comprises a plurality of base nodes. Each base node comprises a photovoltaic panel. The infrastructureless data center further comprises a plurality of compute assemblies attached to one of the base nodes, each compute assembly comprising at least one processing device. The infrastructureless data center further comprises plurality of storage assemblies attached to one of the base nodes, each storage assembly comprising at least one data storage device. The infrastructureless data center further comprises a plurality of network assemblies attached to one of the base nodes, each network assembly comprising at least one network device.
In an embodiment, each base node comprises a carrier plane. The carrier plane is attached to the photovoltaic panel of that base node and comprises a plurality of carrier plane data connectors. In some embodiments, each compute assembly may comprise a compute assembly data connector that is configured to connect to a corresponding one of the carrier plane data connectors of the carrier plane of the base node to which the plurality of compute assemblies is attached. In some embodiments, each storage assembly may comprise a storage assembly data connector that is configured to connect to a corresponding one of the carrier plane data connectors of the carrier plane of the base node to which the plurality of storage assemblies is attached. In some embodiments, each network assembly may comprise a network assembly data connector that is configured to connect to a corresponding one of the carrier plane data connectors of the carrier plane of the base node to which the plurality of network assemblies is attached.
In some embodiments, the infrastructureless data center further comprises a given compute assembly, a given storage assembly and a given network assembly each attached to the same one of the base nodes and the given compute assembly, the given storage assembly and the given network assembly each comprise data connectors that are configured to connect to the carrier plane data connectors of the carrier plane of the base node to which the given compute assembly, the given storage assembly and the given network assembly are attached.
In another embodiment, the infrastructureless data center comprises a plurality of power assemblies attached to one of the base nodes. Each power assembly comprises a plurality of power storage devices that are configured to store power generated by the photovoltaic panel of the base node to which the plurality of power assemblies is attached. In an embodiment, a corresponding plurality of power assemblies is attached to each base node of the plurality of base nodes. In some embodiments, the power storage devices of each power assembly are disposed in a two-layer configuration.
In some embodiments, the infrastructureless data center comprises a first grouping of base nodes of the plurality of base nodes. Each base node in the first grouping of base nodes having a corresponding plurality of compute assemblies attached thereto. The first grouping of base nodes forming a compute cluster. The infrastructureless data center further comprising a second grouping of base nodes of the plurality of base nodes. Each base node in the second grouping of base nodes having a corresponding plurality of storage assemblies attached thereto. The second grouping of base nodes forming a storage cluster.
In an embodiment, an infrastructureless data center is disclosed. The infrastructureless data center comprises a plurality of carrier planes. Each carrier plane is configured to attach to a corresponding photovoltaic panel of a plurality of photovoltaic panels. The infrastructureless data center further comprises a plurality of assemblies, each assembly being configured to connect to a corresponding carrier plane of the plurality of carrier planes.
In some embodiments, the plurality of assemblies comprises a compute assembly, a storage assembly and a network assembly, the compute assembly comprises at least one processing device, the storage assembly comprises at least one data storage device and the network assembly comprises at least one network device. In an embodiment, the compute assembly, the storage assembly and the network assembly are each configured to attach to the same carrier plane of the plurality of carrier planes.
In another embodiment, the infrastructureless data center further comprises a plurality of power assemblies. Each power assembly is configured to attach to a corresponding photovoltaic panel of the plurality of photovoltaic panels and each power assembly comprises a plurality of power storage devices that are configured to store power generated by the corresponding photovoltaic panel to which that power assembly is attached.
In an embodiment, a given carrier plane of the plurality of carrier planes is configured to attach to a given photovoltaic panel of the plurality of photovoltaic panels, a given assembly of the plurality of assemblies is configured to connect to the given carrier plane and a given power assembly of the plurality of power assemblies is configured to attach to the given photovoltaic panel.
In some embodiments, the carrier plane comprises a plurality of carrier plane data connectors. In an embodiment, each assembly of the plurality of assemblies comprises an assembly data connector that is configured to connect to a corresponding carrier plane data connector of the plurality of carrier plane data connectors.
In an embodiment, an infrastructureless data center is disclosed. The infrastructureless data center comprises a carrier plane that is configured to attach to a photovoltaic panel and a data center assembly that is configured to connect to the carrier plane.
In some embodiments, the data center assembly comprises one of a compute assembly comprising at least one processing device, a storage assembly comprising at least one data storage device, a network assembly comprising at least one network device and a power assembly comprising at least one power storage device. In an embodiment, the data center assembly comprises a first data center assembly and the infrastructureless data center further comprises a second data center assembly that is configured to connect to the carrier plane. The second data center assembly comprises another of the compute assembly, the storage assembly, the network assembly and the power assembly. The second data center assembly being different than the first data center assembly.
The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting where the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above may be combined in any manner without departing from the scope of the present application. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
The disclosed embodiments illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings are meant to be exemplary and not limiting, where like references are intended to refer to like or corresponding parts.
Subject matter will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, exemplary embodiments. Subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any example embodiments set forth herein. Example embodiments are provided merely to be illustrative. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the claimed embodiments. Likewise, a reasonably broad scope for claimed or covered subject matter is intended. Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter include combinations of exemplary embodiments in whole or in part. Among other things, for example, subject matter may be embodied as methods, devices, components, or systems. Accordingly, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof (other than software per se). The following detailed description is, therefore, not intended to be taken in a limiting sense.
Illustrative embodiments comprise components that may be mounted to the back, i.e., the surface facing away from the sky when installed, of a photovoltaic (PV) panel or mounted on a component that is mounted to the back of a PV panel.
As disclosed herein, PV panels may comprise some or all of:
The circuit ribbons may comprise, for example, highly conductive metal strips connecting the electrical terminals from the individual PV cells. In some embodiments, the circuit ribbons lay parallel between the PV cells and the sheet of laminate and may protrude perpendicularly through the sheet of laminate to be connected to electrical wires in the electrical junction box.
The PV panels disclosed herein may conform to industry manufacturing standards for commercial or residential class PV panels or may deviate from industry standards. Any type of PV panel may be utilized in the illustrative embodiments where the illustrative embodiments may vary depending on the type of PV panel used. For example, some PV panels may comprise ends of the circuit ribbons protruding perpendicularly from the back of the panel centered near one end (i.e., a short edge) of the PV panel to which the positive and negative electrical wires can be connected. Other PV panels may comprise the ends of the circuit ribbons toward the middle of each opposing side (i.e., long edge) of the PV panel or from adjacent corners near the intersections of two sides (i.e., long edges) with an end (i.e., short edge) of the PV panel.
The following definitions are used throughout this application:
The illustrative embodiments in
The configuration of one or more PV panel assemblies 100 (
When more amperage (wattage) is needed than can be generated by a single PV panel assembly 100 (
When more voltage is needed than can be generated by a single PV panel assembly 100 (
When both more amperage (wattage) and more voltage is needed than can be generated by a single PV panel assembly 100 (
In
While the embodiments of
The manner of connecting PV panel assemblies 100 (
In illustrative embodiments, PV panel assemblies 100 (
Certain U.S. states are banning the sale of certain energy intensive computers because of the increased demand they put on the state's electrical infrastructure (aka ‘the grid’). (See No, Gaming PCs Are Not Being Banned In Several US States at TheGamer.com). One solution is to connect the energy intensive computer to a different source of electricity than ‘the grid’.
In the example embodiments of
As discussed in the Background section of this document, the construction and operation of Data centers, either directly or indirectly, create the emission of as much as 5% of the global GHGs. Two important components of any data center are computing devices and the power to run them. If a computing device (e.g., a server motherboard) is removed from its chassis and mounted directly on the back of a PV panel, some or all of the environmentally harmful GHG emitting infrastructure of the data center disposed between the computing device and the power source would be eliminated.
The example embodiment shown in
With this example embodiment the single PV panel assembly 100 (
The example embodiment shown in
The voltage regulators provide partial electrical regulation by limiting the amount of DC electricity supplied to computing device 190 to particular voltages. The operational stability of computing device 190 can be maintained when the electrical output from the attached PV panel assembly 100 (
In some cases, an instability of computing device 190 may result when the electrical production from the attached PV panel assembly 100 (
In the illustrative embodiment shown in
In some embodiments protecting the computing device 190 (
As an example, a coating may be applied to protect the embedded integrated circuits and other electrical components of computing device 190 (
In some embodiments, the coating may be configured to protect the integrity of the integrated circuit components of computing device 190 (
In some embodiments, the coating may comprise a protective non-conductive dielectric layer that is applied onto the PCB assembly. The coating may be substantially clear, or it may be substantially or partially opaque. The coating may be hard or may have a flexible or slightly flexible texture. In some embodiments, the coating may provide at least some thermal conductivity from the integrated circuits or electronic components. Where the coating is insulating, thermally conductive elements, such as, e.g., metals or semi-conductors, may be included in the coating to dissipate thermal energy. In addition, channels, openings, holes, etc. in the coatings may be provided to dissipate heat. Examples of suitable coatings may comprise silicone, epoxy, acrylic, urethane, borophene, graphene and Paraxylene. Other coatings may also or alternatively be utilized. Where an epoxy coating is used, the coating may disperse heat generated by a processor of computing device 190 (
In some embodiments, computing device 190 (
With reference to
With reference to
Depending on particular usage requirements, each Infrastructureless™ enclosure may be made from one or more of many different materials using one or more of many manufacturing methods. Example manufacturing methods include but are not limited to Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Carbon® Digital Light Synthesis™ (DLS), Cast Urethane, CNC, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Injection molded, Multi Jet Fusion, Stereolithography (SLA), or any other manufacturing method. The materials may include, e.g., metal-based materials, synthetic materials, or any other materials. The metal-based materials may include, for example, Alloy Steel (4140, 4340, etc.), Aluminum (5083, 6061, 6082, 7075, etc.), Brass (036000, etc.), Bronze, Copper, Mild Steel (A36, 1018, 1045, etc.), Stainless Steel (17-4, 303, 304, 316, 2205, etc.), Titanium Alloys, Tool Steel (A2, D2, O1, etc.), Zinc Alloys, or any other metal-based materials. The synthetic materials may comprise, for example, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Nylon (PA 6, PA 66, PA 12), Polycarbonate (PC), Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC/ABS), Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), Polyethylene (PE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA/Acrylic), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polyurethane (PU), POM (Acetal/Delrin), Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE), or any other synthetic material. Other materials may include, for example, wax, wood or any other material.
The embodiments described with reference to
The five elemental data components needed by data centers are compute, network, memory, power (e.g., power protection such as Uninterruptable Power Supplies or UPS), and storage. Computing devices such as mainboards or motherboards may contain three or four of the five elemental computing components. A modular computing system may combine compute, memory, network, and storage into a single solution. However, power protection (e.g., UPS) often is not included as a component in a modular computing system.
Modular computing systems provide a way for the various modules in the system to communicate with each other as well as other systems. Modular computing systems typically moved the expansion slots and power connections of a traditional server motherboard onto a separate PCB called a backplane. The processing, memory and I/O components were placed on a dedicated PCB called a Single Board Computer (SBC). Backplanes usually provide a dedicated connector, e.g., slot, for the SBC. Early modular computing systems used passive backplanes (a PCB with connectors for expansion on one side) then evolved to using active backplanes (chips were added to buffer the various signals to the slots) then to midplanes (connectors for expansion on both sides of a PCB) and eventually to carrier boards. (See Backplane at Wikipedia.org)
The main difference between backplanes and carrier boards is the I/O connectors on the SBC are moved to the carrier board. More information is provided in the section titled Infrastructureless™ Computer Module (CM), below.
The illustrative embodiments in
To bring perspective to the specific Infrastructureless™ components being discussed, embodiments of the Infrastructureless™ components will be displayed in the figures on a dotted outline of the PV panel assembly 100 (
Infrastructureless™ Active Carrier Plane (ACP)
The Infrastructureless™ ACP comprises a PCB that combines features of an active backplane with features of a carrier board and adds additional features not found on either. Infrastructureless™ ACP provides centralized I/O and other resources for use by the Infrastructureless™ modules connected to the Infrastructureless™ ACP.
The Infrastructureless™ ACP comprises either a single connection or multiple connections to connect to one or more Infrastructureless™ modules. The Infrastructureless™ ACP comprises chips which buffer various signals to the Infrastructureless™ modules connected to the connections of the Infrastructureless™ ACP. The Infrastructureless™ ACP comprises I/O interfaces for accessing the Infrastructureless™ ACP or the Infrastructureless™ modules connected to the connections of the Infrastructureless™ ACP. The Infrastructureless™ ACP may be configured to simultaneously and symmetrically support as many Infrastructureless™ Compute (processor) Modules as the Infrastructureless™ ACP has connections. The Infrastructureless™ ACP comprises DC voltage regulation circuitry, either integrated directly on the Infrastructureless™ ACP or as a separate Infrastructureless™ Module connected to the Infrastructureless™ ACP, that is configured to manage the DC electricity being produced by the PV panel assembly 100 (
In some embodiments, an Infrastructureless™ ACP may comprise multiple components including but not limited to some or all of a charge controller, firmware, systems management, memory, one or more on-board network components for inter-module communication, one or more network media ports for external communication, one or more out-of-band (OOB) management ports, one or more miscellaneous I/O ports, a power converter/regulator, at least one processing device, security components, sensing components, one or more storage devices, one or more wireless communication devices or any other computing components.
The firmware may comprise, for example, a basic I/O system (BIOS), a unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI) or any other firmware technology.
The systems management may comprise, for example, Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI), Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Redfish® or any other systems management technology.
The memory may comprise one or more memory components including, for example, Double Data Rate (DDR) memory, Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMMs), Load Reduced Dual Inline Memory Modules (LRDIMMs), Registered Dual Inline Memory Modules (RDIMMs), Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Modules (SO-DIMMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Intel® Optane™ memory, Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) or any other type of memory technology.
The on-board network components may comprise, for example, components from Broadcom®, Intel®, NVIDIA® (formerly Mellanox) or any other type of on-board network components.
The network media ports may comprise, for example, RJ45, Small Form-factor Pluggable (SPF, SPF+, SFP28, SFP56, etc.), Quad-SFP (QSFP, QSFP+, QSFP14, QSFP28, QSFP56, etc.), Octal-SFP (OSFP) or other SFP variants, or any other type of network media ports.
The other input/output (I/O) ports may comprise, for example, general purpose I/O (GPIO), Joint Test Action Group (JTAG), multi-pin header, parallel, serial, USB or any other ports.
The processing device may comprise, for example, one or more processors including, for example, an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Data Processing Unit (DPU), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a General-Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), a combination of the above, or any other processor technology.
The security components may comprise, for example, Chip-to-Cloud, Trusted Platform Module (TPM) or any other security technology.
The storage device may comprise, for example, Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), memory cards, compact flash components, phase-change Memory, Secure Digital (SD) memory, Secure Digital Standard Capacity (SDSC) memory, Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC) memory, Secure Digital eXtended Capacity (SDXC) memory, Secure Digital Ultra Capacity (SDUC) memory, memory sticks, multi-media cards, random-access memory (RAM) such as, e.g., non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM), phase-change RAM (PC-RAM) and magnetic RAM (MRAM), Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) memory, Solid State Drives (SSD) or any other memory technology.
The wireless communication devices may comprise, for example, one or more of cellular wireless devices, e.g., 3G, 4G LTE, 4G WiMAX, 5G, 6G, or any other cellular wireless technology, satellite wireless devices, e.g., HughesNet®, StarLink®, ViaSat™, or any other satellite-based communication technology, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or any other wireless communication technology.
The Infrastructureless™ enclosure base 281 is adhered or attached to the back of PV panel 101 (
When Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB with Integrated Power Supply 380 is mounted inside Infrastructureless™ enclosure base 281, connectors 302 on the Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB with Integrated Power Supply 380 extend through corresponding openings 283 in the Infrastructureless™ enclosure base 281. Connectors 302 are available to connect Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB with Integrated Power Supply 380 to external Infrastructureless™ Power Module (PM) assemblies. In an additional or alternative embodiment, Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB with Integrated Power Supply 380 may be connected to external Infrastructureless™ Power Module (PM) assemblies wirelessly, where in such an embodiment connectors 302 and openings 283 may or may not be included or utilized.
When the Infrastructureless™ enclosure cover 285 is attached to the Infrastructureless™ enclosure base 281, connectors 300 on the Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB with Integrated Power Supply 380 extends through corresponding openings 286 in the Infrastructureless™ enclosure cover 285. Connectors 300 are available to connect Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB with Integrated Power Supply 380 to external Infrastructureless™ module assemblies. While described as having eight connectors 300 and eight connectors 302, in other embodiments any other number of connectors 300 and connectors 302 may alternatively be included on Infrastructureless™ ACP assembly 280.
The Infrastructureless™ enclosure base 281 is adhered or attached to the back of PV panel 101 (
As described above, when the Infrastructureless™ enclosure cover 285 is attached to the Infrastructureless™ enclosure base 281, connectors 301 on the modular Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB 381 extend through corresponding openings 286 in the Infrastructureless™ enclosure cover 285. Connectors 301 are available to connect modular Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB 381 to external Infrastructureless™ module assemblies. While described as having eight connectors 301, in other embodiments any other number of connectors 301 may alternatively be included on Infrastructureless™ ACP assembly 280.
In an additional or alternative embodiment, modular Infrastructureless™ ACP PCB 381 may also comprise connectors 302 (
Infrastructureless™ modules that may connect to the Infrastructureless™ Base Node 600 will now be described with reference also to the above-described modularity provided by the Infrastructureless™ Data Center.
An Infrastructureless™ module may comprise any elemental data device traditionally found in a data center including, but not limited to Compute, Memory, Network, Power, Storage or any other elemental data center device.
The example illustrative embodiments of the Infrastructureless™ modules of the Infrastructureless™ Data Center described below with reference to
To aid in keeping the focus on the components of the specific Infrastructureless™ module being discussed, references to the components of the specific Infrastructureless™ module embodiment are provided. The drawings that include references to the Infrastructureless™ Base Node 600 or Infrastructureless™ ACP assembly 280 or its components is
To provide perspective to the components of the specific Infrastructureless™ module being discussed, the components of the specific Infrastructureless™ module being discussed will be drawn using solid lines. The Infrastructureless™ Base Node 600 (
Infrastructureless™ Compute Module (CM)
The HIDC Way
“A rack unit (abbreviated U or RU) is a unit of measure defined as 1¾ inches (44.45 mm). It is most frequently used as a measurement of the overall height of 19-inch and 23-inch rack frames, as well as the height of equipment that mounts in these frames, whereby the height of the frame or equipment is expressed as multiples of rack units.” (See Rack unit at En.Wikipedia.org)
In HIDCs server components are often housed in server chassis that are typically 1U, 2U, 3U or 4U tall. Server chassis may be mounted on top of each other in server cabinets. A typical full-size server cabinet is 42U high, while custom server racks can be as tall as 70U. Each 1U server chassis may have an average weight of approximately 22 pounds (approximately 10 Kg) with each 42U server cabinet having an average weight of approximately 275.8 pounds (approximately 125.1 Kg). (See APC NetShelter SX, Server Rack Enclosure, 42U, Black, 1991H×600 W×1070D mm at APC.com) Typically, there are as many as forty (40) 1U server chassis mounted in each server cabinet. Typically, the remaining 2U are used for either network switches or network patch panels, depending on the network design, along with one or two Power Distribution Units (PDUs) in the back of the cabinet. That's an estimated combined total of ˜1,200 pounds of steel for just one server cabinet and the chassis contained within. According to available data, “ . . . a hypothetical 300,000-square-foot data center could fit more than 12,000 racks and cabinets.” (See Data Center Design Overview: Cabinet Layout, Rack Design, & More at Blog.Enconnex.com) That's a minimum of ˜14,400,000 pounds (˜7,200 tons) of steel in just the server cabinets and the chassis they house. According to OurWorldInData.org, the “energy-related emission from the manufacturing of iron and steel” (See Sector by Sector: where do global greenhouse gas emissions come from? at OurWorldInData.org) account for 7.2% of the world's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This does not include the GHG emissions from the transportation of that iron and steel.
An Infrastructureless™ Data Center does not utilize server chassis and server cabinets for housing Infrastructureless™ CMs, resulting in zero energy related GHG emissions from the manufacturing (not including the transportation) of iron and steel for these items. In fact, the Infrastructureless™ Data Center does not use any of the steel used in the construction of HIDCs resulting in significantly more GHG savings.
The Infrastructureless™ Way
In illustrative embodiments, a Computer-On-Module (COM) may be utilized as a component of an Infrastructureless™ Data Center.
Componentry
In some embodiments, an Infrastructureless™ CM may comprise multiple components including some or all of firmware, systems management, memory, one or more on-board network components, one or more network media ports, one or more out-of-band (OOB) management ports, one or more miscellaneous I/O ports, at least one processing device, security components, one or more storage device, one or more wireless communication devices or any other computing components.
The firmware may comprise, for example, a basic I/O system (BIOS), a unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI) or any other firmware technology.
The systems management may comprise, for example, Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI), Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Redfish® or any other systems management technology.
The memory may comprise one or more memory components including, for example, Double Data Rate (DDR) memory, Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMMs), Load Reduced Dual Inline Memory Modules (LRDIMMs), Registered Dual Inline Memory Modules (RDIMMs), Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Modules (SO-DIMMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Intel® Optane™ memory, Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) or any other type of memory technology.
The on-board network components may comprise, for example, components from Broadcom®, Intel®, NVIDIA® (formerly Mellanox) or any other type of on-board network components.
The processing device may comprise, for example, one or more processors including, for example, an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Data Processing Unit (DPU), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a General-Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), a combination of the above, or any other processor technology.
The security components may comprise, for example, Chip-to-Cloud, Trusted Platform Module (TPM) or any other security technology.
The storage device may comprise, for example, Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), memory cards, compact flash components, phase-change Memory, Secure Digital (SD) memory, Secure Digital Standard Capacity (SDSC) memory, Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC) memory, Secure Digital eXtended Capacity (SDXC) memory, Secure Digital Ultra Capacity (SDUC) memory, memory sticks, multi-media cards, random-access memory (RAM) such as, e.g., non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM), phase-change RAM (PC-RAM) and magnetic RAM (MRAM), Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) memory, Solid State Drives (SSD) or any other memory technology.
The wireless communication devices may comprise, for example, one or more of cellular wireless devices, e.g., 3G, 4G LTE, 4G WiMAX, 5G, 6G, or any other cellular wireless technology, satellite wireless devices, e.g., HughesNet, StarLink, ViaSat, or any other satellite-based communication technology, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or any other wireless communication technology.
The illustrative embodiment with eight Infrastructureless™ CM assemblies 410 mounted on an Infrastructureless™ ACP (
Other configurations and functionalities may also or alternatively be achieved when combined with other Infrastructureless™ modules.
Infrastructureless™ Memory Module (MM)
The HIDC Way
The most commonly used type of memory in a computer is Random Access Memory (RAM). Currently, the most common form-factor for RAM is DIMM. DIMMs are available in varying capacities (i.e.: 32 GB, 64 GB, 128 GB, 256 GB, etc.)
Typically, motherboards have no RAM. Instead, motherboards contain multiple DIMM connectors (“slots”). The amount of RAM that can be installed on a motherboard is limited to the number of DIMM slots on the motherboard and the capacity of the DIMMs installed in the DIMM slots. It is common for motherboard manufacturers to build motherboards with more DIMM connectors than is needed by the average user to accommodate the few users that will use all available DIMM connectors.
The Infrastructureless™ Way
COM manufacturers try to balance the amount of computing resources, e.g., one or more processing devices, and RAM or other memory on the SBC. In some cases, depending on the workload assigned to the computing resources there may not be enough memory in the COM for the computing resources to complete its assigned task. For example, when the task is complex, it may not be able to be divided into smaller tasks more easily processable by the COM. In other cases, the data needed by the task may be too large to fit into the COMs onboard memory.
In illustrative embodiments, an Infrastructureless™ MM that is usable with an Infrastructureless™ ACP assembly may be utilized to fill this gap and support the Infrastructureless™ CM.
The Infrastructureless™ MM may comprise a variety of components including, for example, DDR, DIMM, LRDIMM, RDIMM, SO-DIMM, EEPROM, Intel® Optane™, PROM or any other type of memory technology.
The illustrative embodiment of an Infrastructureless™ High-Capacity Compute Node 620 comprises four Infrastructureless™ CM assemblies 410 (
In other embodiments, other configurations of an Infrastructureless™ High-Capacity Compute node 620 may alternatively be utilized. For example, in some embodiments, a larger or smaller number of Infrastructureless™ CM assemblies 410 (
As an example, in some embodiments, one Infrastructureless™ MM assembly 420 (
In some embodiments each connector 300 of a particular Infrastructureless™ ACP assembly 280 of Infrastructureless™ Base Node 600 (
Infrastructureless™ Network Module (NM)
The HIDC Way
In HIDCs there are currently two popular network designs, Top of Rack (ToR) and End of Row (EoR)/Middle of Row (MoR)
Top of Rack (ToR)
In an HIDC there may be as many as forty 1U server chassis mounted on top of each other in each 42U server cabinet. Also, in the server cabinets are one or two network switches typically installed in the top 2U of the server cabinet. These network switches are referred to as ToR switches. In some cases, these switches have been moved to the middle of the cabinet and are referred to as in-rack switches. In both cases, each server in the cabinet is connected to the ToR or in-rack switch within the same cabinet. These short intra-cabinet network connections are typically made using RJ45 patch cables. Connecting these ToR or in-rack switches to the data center network is accomplished using fiber optic cable.
End of Row (EoR)/Middle of Row (MoR)
In an HIDC server cabinets are placed side-by-side in rows. At one or both ends of each server row are cabinets or racks with EoR network equipment providing network connectivity to the servers within the server cabinets of that row. In some cases, each server cabinet in this design has a bundle of twisted pair copper cabling, typically Category 6, 6 A, 7 or 8, containing as many as 40 or more individual cables routed to the EoR network equipment.
For a redundant design there might be two bundles of cabling to each rack, each running to EoR network cabinets at opposing ends of the row. Within the server cabinet the space typically occupied by ToR switch(es) is occupied by one or more patch panels and the bundle of copper is wired to the back of these patch panels. As with the ToR design, the individual servers typically use a relatively short copper RJ45 patch cable to connect from the server to the patch panel in the same cabinet. The bundle of copper from each cabinet is typically routed through overhead cable troughs or “ladder racks” that carry the dense copper bundles to the EoR network cabinet. Longer server rows commonly have a rack dedicated to patching all the copper cables adjacent to the cabinet that contains the EoR network switch. Therefore, there might be two network racks at each end of the row, one for patching, and one for the network switch itself. Again, an RJ45 patch cable is used to link a port on the network switch to a corresponding patch panel port that establishes the link to the server.
The Infrastructureless™ Way
In illustrative embodiments, the disclosed Infrastructureless™ Data Center comprises Infrastructureless™ Nodes that are mounted side-by-side in a row instead of on top of each other in a server cabinet as found in HIDCs. Infrastructureless™ Data Center network design is based on a Network-On-Module concept that comprises a small device that offers tremendous flexibility that can be used to expand an Infrastructureless™ Data Center.
Componentry
In illustrative embodiments, a NM may comprise multiple components including some or all of on-board network components, network media, a network topology, a network type, and any other network technology.
The on-board network components may comprise, for example, components from Broadcom®, Intel®, nVIDIA® (formerly Mellanox) or any other type of on-board network components.
The network media may comprise, for example, wired network media, wireless network media or any other network media including, e.g., CATegory x (CATx) copper where x=3, 4, 5, 5e, 6, 6a, 7, 8 or any other version, Direct Attach Cable (DAC) including copper and fiber optic, SFP (SPF, SPF+, SFP28, SFP56, etc.), Quad-SFP (QSFP, QSFP+, QSFP14, QSFP28, QSFP56, etc.), Octal-SFP (OSFP) or other SFP variants, fiber optics including Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF), Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) or other fiber optics, RING, Bluetooth, Broadband cellular (3G, 4G LTE, 4G WiMAX, 5G, 6G, etc.), Satellite (HughesNet®, StarLink®, ViaSat™, etc.), Wi-Fi or any other network media technology.
The network topologies may comprise, for example, bus, hybrid, mesh, ring, star, tree or any other network topology.
The network type may comprise, for example, an Enterprise Private Network (EPN), a Fiber Channel (FC), a Local Area Network (LAN), Ethernet, InfiniBand, ROCE or any other LAN technology, a MAN, a PAN, a Storage Area Network (SAN), a Software-Defined Network (SDN), a System Area Network, VPN, WAN, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) or any other network type technology.
In other embodiments, any other number of connectors 300 and Infrastructureless™ NM assemblies 430 (
The illustrative embodiment of Infrastructureless™ NM node 630 (
In other embodiments, any of Infrastructureless™ Compute node 610 (
Infrastructureless™ Power Module (PM)
The HIDC Way
“An Uninterruptible Power Supply or Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS) is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or main power fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by supplying energy stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or flywheels. The on-battery run-time of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short (a few minutes) but sufficient to start a standby power source or properly shut down the protected equipment. It is a type of continual power system.” (See Uninterruptible power supply at Wikipedia.org)
HIDCs typically deploy one of two different UPS models, centralized or, distributed.
When a centralized UPS model is deployed HIDCs may experience fires resulting from insufficiently cooling large quantities of batteries tightly packed on a pallet and many pallets stored side-by-side in a small building or room. Batteries generate heat when being heavily charged or heavily discharged. The heat generated by the batteries in the core of a palletized battery pack has no place to escape thereby heating neighboring batteries which are generating heat of their own.
“How toxic is lithium-ion battery smoke? The research, published in Nano Energy, identified more than 100 toxic gases released by lithium-ion batteries (Li-ions), including carbon monoxide. The gases are potentially fatal, they can cause strong irritations to the skin, eyes and nasal passages, and harm the wider environment.” (See What happens if you burn a lithium-ion battery? at Lemielleux.com)
The Infrastructureless™ Way
One of the major advantages of having battery packs mounted to the back of PV panels is those same palletized batteries mentioned above are thinly spread over a large area.
Example benefits that are obtained by thinly spreading the batteries over a larger area include:
Another major advantage is Infrastructureless™ Data Centers are electrically self-sufficient. Infrastructureless™ Data Centers do not need to be connected to ‘the grid’ for a source of electricity. Not being connected to ‘the grid’ eliminates the possibilities of inbound power surges and brownouts as well as the need for the associated power stabilizing equipment. Inbound power surges are known to cause batteries to overheat resulting in battery fires.
Componentry
The batteries or other power storage devices may comprise, for example, Absolyte, Alkaline, Flooded Lead Acid, Lead Acid, Lithium, Lithium-Ion, Lithium Iron Phosphate, Mercury, Nickel Cadmium, Nickel Iron, Nickel Metal Hydride, Sodium-Ion, valve regulated lead—acid (VRLA), Zinc or any other battery or power storage technologies.
The charge controller may comprise, for example, functionality for managing the charging cycle of the battery, e.g., by reducing the charging rate or energy supplied to the battery for charging to mitigate heat generation, by switching between constant voltage and constant current charging during the charging cycle depending on the amount of charge, etc. For example, since the last 20% of the charging cycle to reach full charge may generate more heat than the first 80%, the charge controller may be configured to either reduce the charging rate, reduce the amount of electricity being used to charge the battery, switch from constant current charging to constant voltage charging for the last portion of the charge or perform any other charging related adjustments as needed.
The power monitor device may comprise, for example, functionality for managing the discharge cycle of the battery, e.g., by adjusting the amount of electricity consumed by the connected modules to help mitigate the generation of heat as the battery nears its fully discharged state.
Any rechargeable battery can be used to build a battery pack. For the purposes of
The circuit board 540 may comprise the internal Battery Management System (BMS) for the Infrastructureless™ PM assembly 440. In some embodiments, circuit board 540 may be stored in a separate compartment of Infrastructureless™ PM enclosure base 441 from battery pack 449 with appropriate connections between circuit board 540 and battery pack 449, e.g., circuit ribbons, wires, etc., extending between the compartments. In some embodiments, circuit board 540 comprises a power connector 541 that extends through an opening 442 of Infrastructureless™ PM enclosure base 441 and is configured to connect to a corresponding power connector 302 (
In some embodiments, each power connector 302 (
For example, in some embodiments, circuit wiring within Infrastructureless™ ACP assembly 280 of Infrastructureless™ Base Node 600 (
In some embodiments, the Infrastructureless™ PM assemblies 440 (
Infrastructureless™ Power Node 640 can be used to power a personal (gaming) computer 191 (
Infrastructureless™ Power Node 640 may be utilized to provide power to one or more connected computing devices even when PV panel 101 (
In some embodiments, any of Infrastructureless™ Compute node 610 (
Infrastructureless™ Storage Module (SM)
The HIDC Way
Data storage in HIDCs have many forms each of which utilizes extensive amounts of infrastructure. For example, all storage implementations, whether Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Network Attached Storage (NAS), Storage Area Network (SAN), Software-Defined Storage (SDS), etc., use storage devices of some type including HDD, Magnetic Tape, SSD or other storage devices. Those storage devices are housed in chassis and those chassis are mounted in server cabinets.
Digital data is normally in one of three states: data at rest, data in transit and data in use. (See Digital data at Wikipedia.org) The state and length of time the data will be at each state will determine the storage device to be used.
“Storage systems typically use special hardware and software along with disk drives or SSDs to provide very fast and reliable storage for computing and data processing. Storage systems are complex and may be thought of as a special purpose computer designed to provide storage capacity along with advanced data protection features. Disk drives are one element within a storage system, along with hardware and special purpose embedded software within the system.” (See Storage virtualization at Wikipedia.org)
The Infrastructureless™ Way
The Infrastructureless™ SM can make massive amounts of storage available for a variety of deployment models. When deployed using lossless network technologies (i.e.: Fiber Channel, InfiniBand or others), large SANs may be deployed. When deployed using RDMA protocols (i.e.: InfiniBand, ROCE or others), SDS arrays can be deployed inside HCI (Hyper-Converged Infrastructure) clusters.
Componentry
In illustrative embodiments, a SM may comprise multiple components including some or all of storage devices, storage protocols, computer file systems or any other data storage component.
The storage devices may comprise, for example, Flash Memory, HDDs, Memory Cards, Compact Flash, SD, SDSC, SDHC, SDXC, SDUC, Memory Sticks, Multi-Media Cards, NVMe, SSDs or any other memory technology.
The storage protocols may comprise, for example, Common Internet Files System (CIFS), DAS, FC, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), Internet SCSI (iSCSI), Just a Bunch of Disks (JBoD), Massive Array of Idle Drives (MAID), NAS, Network File System (NFS), Object Storage, Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives (RAID), SAN, SDS, Server Message Block (SMB) or any other storage protocol.
The computer file systems may comprise, for example, FAT, exFAT, ext, ext2, ext3, ext4, etc., HPFS, NTFS or any other computer file system.
Circuit board 550 comprises eight connectors 551, e.g., Surface-Mount Technology (SMT) M.2 connectors in some embodiments although other connector technologies may alternatively be utilized, on each side. Connected to each connector 551 is a storage device 552 such as, e.g., a NVMe M.2 SSD or any other storage device. In some embodiments, a greater or smaller number of connectors 551 and storage devices 552 may alternatively be utilized for SM assembly 450 and different SM assemblies 450 may have different numbers of connectors 551 and storage devices 552 depending on system requirements. In some embodiments, connectors 551 may be disposed on only one side of circuit board 550.
The illustrative embodiment of an Infrastructureless™ SM assembly 450 in
Circuit board 550 of Infrastructureless™ SM assembly 450 may comprise any number of connectors 551 and connectors 551 may be comprise any arrangement. Circuit board 550 of Infrastructureless™ SM assembly 450 may comprise any number of storage devices 552. In some embodiments, one or more storage devices 522 may also or alternatively be embedded into or integrated as part of circuit board 550 such that those storage devices 522 are not removable.
When this illustrative embodiment is populated with 8 TB NVMe M.2 SSDs each Infrastructureless™ SM assembly 450 can provide up to 128 TB of high-speed storage capacity. In other embodiments, larger or smaller storage devices 552 may enable a particular Infrastructureless™ SM assembly 450 to provide different amounts of high-speed storage capacity.
Additional configurations and functionalities can be achieved when combined with other Infrastructureless™ modules.
In some embodiments, one or more of the Infrastructureless™ SM assemblies 450 (
In some embodiments, any of Infrastructureless™ Compute node 610 (
Infrastructureless™ Data Center
There's not a one-size fits all solution to building an HIDC. Major systems vendors have been selling their solutions to HI DC tenants for decades. More recently, some organizations have been working to design commodity hardware that is more efficient, flexible, and scalable. In either case, data center systems are built from five elemental components: compute, memory, network, power (protection), and storage. Combinations of these five elemental components are grouped together to create data systems (i.e.: servers). Data systems are grouped together to form clusters (i.e.: HCI, HPC, SAN, SQL, etc.). Clusters are combined to create data centers.
An Infrastructureless™ Data System according to an illustrative embodiment comprises one or more of an Infrastructureless™ Compute node 610 (
Infrastructureless™ Node embodiments using eight (8) of the same type of modules have already been discussed in the previous sections. Subsequent sections discuss a few embodiments using combinations of the Infrastructureless™ modules to create data systems (aka Infrastructureless™ Data Systems) that are configured to perform similar functionality to those found in HIDCs. Infrastructureless™ Data Systems can be grouped together to form Infrastructureless™ Clusters. Infrastructureless™ Clusters are combined to create Infrastructureless™ Data Centers.
Infrastructureless™ Nodes
As seen in
The illustrative embodiments in
To bring perspective to the specific Infrastructureless™ components being discussed, embodiments of the Infrastructureless™ components will be displayed in drawings on a dotted outline of the Infrastructureless™ Base Node 600 (
Since the view of the illustrative embodiments are looking down at Infrastructureless™ Base Node 600 (
Hyperconverged Infrastructure (HCI)
An HCI is the process of using software to aggregate physical computing resources into a larger logical computing resource to be managed by a “hypervisor”, aggregating physical storage devices into a larger logical SDS device, and aggregating physical and virtual network devices into a larger logical SDN device. “HCI typically runs on Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) servers.” (See Hyper-converged infrastructure at Wikipedia.org)
HCI clustering is unique in that it depends on and extensively uses compute, network, and storage resources.
Previous views of these modules showed the bottom surface, the surface that faces away from the sky when installed.
Infrastructureless™ Clusters
“A computer cluster is a set of computers that work together so that they can be viewed as a single system. Unlike grid computers, computer clusters have each node set to perform the same task, controlled and scheduled by software.
The components of a cluster are usually connected to each other through fast local area networks, with each node (computer used as a server) running its own instance of an operating system. In most circumstances, all of the nodes use the same hardware and the same operating system.” (See Computer cluster at Wikipedia.org)
A computer cluster may be a simple two-node system which just connects two computing devices (i.e., personal computers) or may comprise tens, hundreds, thousands, or any number of servers.
Clustering is the process of aggregating similar physical resources into a larger logical resource. Using the Infrastructureless™ Data Systems discussed above we can group multiple similar Infrastructureless™ Data Systems into Infrastructureless™ Clusters.
In some embodiments, for example, any number of Infrastructureless™ Compute nodes 610 (
When viewed below PV panel 101 (
The embodiment illustrated in
Since the illustrative embodiments shown in
Hyperconverged Infrastructure (HCI)
Storage Area Network (SAN)
High-Performance Computing (HPC)
“HPC integrates systems administration (including network and security knowledge) and parallel programming into a multidisciplinary field that combines digital electronics, computer architecture, system software, programming languages, algorithms and computational techniques. HPC technologies are the tools and systems used to implement and create high performance computing systems. Recently, HPC systems have shifted from supercomputing to computing clusters and grids. Because of the need of networking in clusters and grids, High Performance Computing Technologies are being promoted by the use of a collapsed network backbone, because the collapsed backbone architecture is simple to troubleshoot, and upgrades can be applied to a single router as opposed to multiple ones.” (See High-performance computing at Wikipedia.org)
Infrastructureless™ Data Center
The Infrastructureless™ Cluster embodiments defined above may be grouped together to form an Infrastructureless™ Data Center of any size one row at a time.
Single Row
When viewed from above,
When viewing with each PV panel 101 (
When viewed a layer deeper, with each ACP assembly 280 and PM assembly 440 removed for clarity,
While described as having 18 Infrastructureless™ Nodes, in other embodiments any other number of Infrastructureless™ Nodes may alternatively be included on Infrastructureless™ Data Center 870.
In some embodiments, for example, Infrastructureless™ Data Center 870 may comprise any number of Infrastructureless™ Compute nodes 610 (
Multiple Rows
Deployment Models
Photovoltaic Power Station (Aka Solar Park, Solar Farm, or Solar Power Plant)
In some embodiments, the Infrastructureless™ Data Centers, nodes and assemblies described above may be deployed and integrated into the PV panels 101 (
Commercial Carport
Deploying Infrastructureless™ Nodes/Clusters/Data Centers in the form of commercial carports is almost as easy to deploy as a Solar Farm and has additional advantages. The most obvious of these advantages is Infrastructureless™ Data Centers deployed in the form of commercial carports on land that is already occupied and would be the “highest and best use” for the land.
HIDCs consume so much water they create a water scarcity footprint. Infrastructureless™ Data Centers consume no water. Instead, Infrastructureless™ Data Centers deployed as a series of commercial carports can be configured to capture rainwater runoff in such a manner so it can flow into the local drainage system. These Infrastructureless™ Data Centers would create a negative water scarcity footprint, or a water scarcity offset. In areas that get fog, fog nets can also be integrated into Infrastructureless™ Data Centers deployed as a series of commercial carports leveraging the same runoff and drainage system to capture additional water.
Infrastructureless™ Data Centers deployed as a series of commercial carports provide shade to the vehicles parked under those carports preventing sun/weather damage to them and helping to keep them cooler. Infrastructureless™ Data Centers deployed as a series of commercial carports also shade portions of the underlying parking lot surface keeping the shaded surface cool and preventing sun/weather damage to the shaded surface. This is important because “asphalt is releasing hazardous air pollutants into communities, especially when hit with extreme heat and sunlight, according to new research published in the journal Science Advances.” (See As Earth overheats, asphalt is releasing harmful air pollutants in cities at CNBC.com)
Roof-Top (Commercial)
In some embodiments, Infrastructureless™ Nodes may be installed on the rooftops of commercial spaces to form all or part of an Infrastructureless™ Data Center. For example, a business who owns a commercial building may install the Infrastructureless™ Nodes that implement an Infrastructureless™ Data Center on the rooftop of the commercial building to provide data center services for that business or for tenants of the building. Such a data center may provide multiple benefits to business in that commercial building. For example, such a business may relocate their data center or a portion of their data center to their rooftop Infrastructureless™ Data Center, allowing them to lower their electric bill by reducing the need for servers within their building, reduce weather exposure to the rooftop material, reclaim expensive office space previously used as a data center for other more productive purposes, and if suitably modified, inhibit or reduce the occurrence of roof leaks by capturing runoff water from the PV panel assemblies 100.
Roof-Top (Residential)
In some embodiments, Infrastructureless™ Nodes may be installed on residential rooftops to form all or part of an Infrastructureless™ Data Center. PV panels on residential roofs are more common than on commercial roofs and may be utilized by homeowners or others to mitigate consumption of energy within the household. For example, users with computing devices that consume excessive power when idle or active may utilize the power output by the Infrastructureless™ Power Node 640 to power the computing device off the grid. In addition, homeowners may relocate the functionality of servers or other data center components to an Infrastructureless™ Data Center on their rooftop, reducing both energy consumption and heat generation within the house which offsets costs to cool the house. In some cases, an Infrastructureless™ Data Center installed on the roof of a residential house may be utilized to start or expand crypto mining capabilities in a manner that doesn't impact the electrical grid. Infrastructureless™ Nodes installed on the roof of a residential home may also increase the life of roofing materials such as shingles, reduce solar heating of the roofing material, reduce solar heating of the house by the roofing material and provide other environmentally friendly benefits. In some embodiments, a homeowner may lease usage of the rooftop Infrastructureless™ Data Center to another party, providing further environmental benefits by replacing the usage of an HI DC by the other party with an environmentally friendly Infrastructureless™ Data Center.
Pre-Existing PV Panels
Another advantage of the Infrastructureless™ Data Center is any currently installed PV panel can be converted into an Infrastructureless™ Node. This means any PV Panel that's already installed using one of the previously mentioned Deployment Models can be upgraded to become an Infrastructureless™ Node in a new or existing Infrastructureless™ Data Center.
The foregoing description will so fully reveal the general nature of the illustrative embodiments that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the relevant art(s) (including the contents of the documents cited and incorporated by reference herein), readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the illustrative embodiments. Such adaptations and modifications are therefore intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance presented herein, in combination with the knowledge of one skilled in the relevant art(s).
