Patent Grant
9855386
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an infusion and blood collection device and method. In particular, the present invention is directed to an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections via an angiocatheter previously installed to administer intravenous fluids. The present invention is also directed to a method of using the infusion and blood collection device to draw blood from a patient via a previously installed angiocatheter.
Description of Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 3,610,226 to Albisser discloses a double lumen cannula instrument for the withdrawal of blood over a prolonged period of time. The instrument includes an inner lumen for withdrawing blood and an outer lumen for introducing an anticoagulant diluent. The relative locations of the openings for the inner and outer lumen permit the mixing of the diluent with the withdrawn blood.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,245 to Mahurkar discloses an extruded reinforced multiple-lumen catheter for use in medical applications where fluids must flow simultaneously to and from a patient. Blood is withdrawn for a medical procedure (e.g. dialysis) from the patient through one passageway and returned to the patient through another passageway spaced from the first passageway.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,401 to Humphrey discloses augmented polymeric hypodermic needles and lancets. The polymeric needles and lancets are stiffened by augmenting means, which includes a slidable guard or foam insert so that they are able to pierce the skin. Without the augmenting means, it is not possible for the polymeric hypodermic lancet to pierce the skin.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,399 to Yoshikawa et al. discloses an extruded synthetic resin needle that is reinforced with combustible fibers. The needle provides a single path administering or withdrawing fluids from a patient.
The prior art described above does not provide for a catheter assembly that is capable of prolonged insertion in the patient for both the simultaneous administering of intravenous fluids and the periodic withdrawal of blood without mixing the intravenous fluid with the withdrawn blood.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,835 to Close et al. discloses a micro-injection molded disposable needle assembly having more than one passageway formed therein to permit the simultaneous drawing and administering of fluids through separate passageways. The micro-injection molded disposable assembly includes one or more sensors disposed therein for measuring and monitoring one or more desired body or surrounding environmental conditions. It also discloses a method of forming the disposable needle from an elastomeric material using micro-injection molding.
The invention herein is partly an extension of the device and method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,835 to Close et al. Accordingly, the disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,835 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The devices described in the above prior art focus primarily on the catheter portions of needle assemblies that are capable of prolonged insertion in patients for both the simultaneous administering of intravenous fluids and the withdrawal of blood without mixing the intravenous fluid with the withdrawn blood.
Unlike the above prior art, the invention herein does not focus primarily on the catheter portion of the needle assembly. Instead, it provides a device that may be inserted between a standard, previously installed intravenous (IV) catheter and a standard IV infusion line, and permits the performing of clean blood collections without interrupting the administering of IV therapy to the patient. For example, IV infusion pumps are typically stopped for 30 seconds or more for any blood collection obtained from the peripheral catheter and the connection between the IV catheter and infusate line are disconnected in order to pull the blood sample through the IV catheter and avoid infusate mixing with the blood collection that can cause erroneous results. If the IV infusion pump is not stopped and a downstream valve (e.g., a 2-, 3-, or 4-way stop cock valve) is used to stop the infusate administration, then a pump alarm this sets off, requiring staff attention because the line is considered occluded. Such fluid infusion restriction alarms on IV infusion pumps are typically triggered when the fluid being infused increases to over 10 psi. Providing a device that avoids interruption of the IV therapy prevents stopping the IV infusion pump or triggering an infusion restriction alarm. Further, the device herein has the purpose of reducing the complexity of the flow transfer portion of commonly used infusates and blood collection devices. Thus, whereas in some of the above prior art the pressure is sensed and controlled actively to ensure a clean blood collection, in the instant invention, the pressure can be controlled passively, or alternatively or additionally, actively.
When a patient is admitted into a hospital, an emergency room, or some other medical facility, in the vast majority of cases the patient receives an IV catheter of one kind or another. In some instances, the IV catheter is put in place right away upon admission to administer a needed therapy to the patient. In other instances, the IV catheter is put in place simply for risk management reasons, so as to have the catheter ready in case the medical care providers need to quickly administer medications or fluids to the patient. The cannula portion of the IV catheter is placed into a blood vessel, typically in the forearm, hand, or another location in the patient's body, and the connection portion of the IV Catheter to allow IV infusion is typically secured to the outside of the patient's body with any of a variety of available tapes, bands, straps, or other means.
The typical hospital stay for a patient, on average, is around three days, during which it is reported that two or more sets of laboratory tests per day may be carried out on average. This means that at least twice a day a medical technician would have to subject the patient to a blood collection, which is then sent to the laboratory for testing and/or analysis. Usually if the patient already has a catheter strapped in place in one arm via which medications or fluids are being administered, the medical technician would have to use the patient's other arm or another part of the patient's body to perform blood collections. This means that, during a patient's 3-day average hospital stay, there are at least six occasions for the patient to be repeatedly stuck with a needle, which translates into at least six occasions for potential infections to start, hematomas, missed sticks, and skin irritation from tapes and other means. Furthermore, especially in situations involving pediatric patients, hemophiliac patients, HIV patients, patients with dementia and/or similar conditions, and/or other agitated patients who may suffer from fear of needle pricks, or having other elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions, the patient may be subjected to trauma on at least six occasions during their hospital stay, making the blood collection process difficult or otherwise risky.
Moreover, in some situations, the medical technician may use a catheter already installed into the patient's body to draw blood for testing. In those situations, the technician typically has to temporarily discontinue administration of medications or fluids, and perform a lengthy, drawn-out series of flushing steps to guard against incidental contamination of the blood sample with residual IV solutions, medications or fluids, and ensure that the blood sample is clean. Without such flushing steps, a blood sample may, for example, be diluted with a residual IV solution, leading to erroneous test results. Likewise, for example, contamination of the blood sample with a residual IV solution that contains sodium and/or potassium compounds, would result in false test data showing higher concentrations of these compounds.
As will become apparent in the following disclosure, it is believed that the device and method of the invention described herein provide the advantage of alleviating and solving all of the foregoing blood-draw problems and issues. The device herein takes advantage of an already installed IV catheter port in a patient's body, and provides a simple procedure to perform clean drawing of blood without interrupting the administration of IV therapies after initial installation of the catheter. The device optionally includes passive control of the blood collection volume flow rate to prevent contamination of the collected blood draw with the IV therapy fluid being simultaneously infused through the catheter. The device herein is simply installed by inserting it into the IV catheter line already installed into the patient, and makes the procedural steps of drawing blood samples almost automatic. Furthermore, the device herein has the advantage of using the vacuum within a standard blood collection container, such as a Vacutainer® (trademark of Becton, Dickinson and Company, of Franklin Lakes, N.J.) or Vacuette® (trademark of Greiner Bio One, of Monroe, N.C.) tube, as the driving mechanism for drawing the blood sample from the patient.
In an illustrative embodiment of the device (with distal/proximal references to the device, not the patient's body), a microlumen is inserted coaxially through and protrudes distally out from the distal end of a catheter which is inserted into a patient. The microlumen and catheter are in fluid communication with a diverter valve and valve housing. The valve housing is supplied with IV therapy fluid from an infusion line and provides selective operation in an infusion/non-collection mode and an infusion/collection mode. In the infusion/non-collection mode, IV therapy fluid is provided to both the microlumen and the catheter. In the infusion/non-collection mode, a blood collection component, for example, a vacuum collection tube holder coupled to the collection body, receives blood from the catheter and the microlumen simultaneously continues to provide IV therapy fluid to the patient.
The protrusion length and blood collection flow rate are of significant importance to the invention herein, in order to prevent mixing, and thus contamination, of the drawn blood with the IV fluids in the infusion/collection mode. For example, the difference in pressures between a vacuum blood collection tube and a typical patent's vein pressure is approximately 2 orders of magnitude difference. For example, the tube vacuum can be as much as about 700 mmHg of vacuum and the vein pressure can be about 7 mmHg. Thus, the mixing of collected blood with IV fluids at the point of collection in the vein is prevent by a combination of 1) the device limiting the flow rate of blood collection drawn from the vein and into the catheter and 2) the distal end of the microlumen used to simultaneously infuse infusate into the vein is sufficiently distal in the vein of the distal end of the IV catheter where blood is drawn from the vein.
While the illustrative embodiment of the instant invention is directed to an angiocatheter (i.e., an IV catheter), it is to be understood that, as contemplated herein, the invention may be applicable to other catheters known in the art as well, such as peripherally inserted cardiac catheters, central catheter, and the like.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, such as a Peripheral Venous Catheter, otherwise known as an angiocatheter, without interrupting the administration of intravenous therapies after the initial installation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, without having to resort to repeatedly sticking a patient with a needle at another location of their body away from the already installed catheter.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, without exposing the patient to a higher risk of infection from repeated and multiple needle pricks.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, wherein the patient is a pediatric patient, a hemophiliac patient, a HIV patient, a patient with dementia and/or a similar condition, and/or any patient who may be agitated or suffer from fear of needle pricks, or having other elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, without the need to temporarily discontinue administration of medications or fluids, and performing a lengthy, drawn-out series of flushing steps to guard against incidental contamination of the blood sample with residual IV solutions, medications or fluids.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, in such a manner so as to reduce the time and patient care demands of hospital staff.
The present invention relates to a blood-draw device and method that is used in conjunction with a pre-installed peripheral venous catheter/IV infusion line in a patient. An advantage of the device and method is being able to draw blood from the previously installed catheter without the need to interrupt IV flow.
Another advantage of the device and method is the reduction in the number of venipunctures that have to be performed on a patient. This provides numerous potential advantages such as reduction in potential infection causing events, reduction in patient anxiety, reduction in time and patient care demands on the hospital staff, and reduction in disposal of bio-hazardous blood collection needle sets.
Another advantage is having the blood collection access port of the device covered so as to prevent tampering with the port and bacterial transfers from the outside environment, which may either contaminate or damage the port, which in turn may lead to bodily injury.
One illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device for use with a patient catheter and an IV infusion line providing IV therapy fluid to the patient comprises a blood collection component having a draw inlet; a housing having an actuator and an IV infusion inlet coupled to the IV infusion line, the actuator enabling at least an infusion/non-collection mode of operation and an infusion/collection mode of operation for the device; a microlumen collocated with the patient catheter, the microlumen in fluid communication with the IV infusion inlet; a blood collection channel in fluid communication with the catheter, the blood collection channel directly accessible by the draw inlet of the blood collection component; and wherein in the infusion/non-collection mode the actuator fluidly couples the blood collection channel with the IV infusion inlet, and in the infusion/collection mode the actuator fluidly isolates the blood collection channel from the IV infusion inlet.
The blood collection channel can be self-flushing with IV therapy fluid in the infusion/non-collection mode. The device can further comprising a passive restriction device limiting the volume flow rate of blood drawn by the catheter in the infusion/collection mode, thereby preventing mixing of the blood draw with IV therapy fluid provided through the microlumen. The blood collection component can be releasably attachable to the housing. The actuator can be actuated to the infusion/collection mode by engagement of the blood collection component with the housing and the actuator is actuated to the infusion/non-collection mode by disengagement of the blood collection component with the housing. The engagement can include axial and rotational movement of the blood collection component relative to the housing, the axial movement placing the draw inlet in fluid communication with the blood collection component and the rotation movement operating the actuator.
The draw inlet can include a needle positionable to extend into the blood collection channel in the infusion/collection mode. The blood collection component can fluidly couple a vacuum blood collection tube to the blood collection channel. The actuator can include a rotary valve. The rotary valve can be a two-way valve and defines at least a portion of the blood collection channel. The draw inlet of the blood collection component can be extendable into the portion of the blood collection channel defined by the rotary valve. The microlumen can extend past the distal end of the catheter such that a distal end of the microlumen is located distally beyond the distal end of the catheter. The microlumen can be threaded coaxially through the catheter. The patient catheter can include a fluid catheter connector. The housing can include a fluid head connector for coupling to the catheter connector. The microlumen can exit the housing from within the head connector. The blood collection channel can be in fluid communication with the head connector.
Another illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device for use with a patient catheter and an IV infusion line providing IV therapy fluid to the patient, comprises a blood collection component; a housing having an actuator and an IV infusion inlet coupled to the IV infusion line, the actuator enabling at least an infusion/non-collection mode of operation and an infusion/collection mode of operation for the device; a microlumen collocated with the patient catheter, the microlumen in fluid communication with the IV infusion inlet; a blood collection channel in fluid communication with the catheter; and a passive restriction device limiting the volume flow rate of blood drawn by the catheter in the infusion/collection mode, thereby preventing mixing of the blood draw with IV therapy fluid provided through the microlumen; and wherein in the infusion/non-collection mode the actuator fluidly couples the blood collection channel with the IV infusion inlet, and in the infusion/collection mode the actuator fluidly isolates the blood collection channel from the IV infusion inlet.
The passive restriction device can be a thin, elongate tube fluidly coupling the blood collection component and blood collection channel. The microlumen can be positioned coaxially within the catheter and the distal end of the microlumen extend distally beyond the distal end of the catheter. The blood collection component can fluidly couple a vacuum blood collection tube to the blood collection channel. The blood collection component can be releasably attachable to the housing. The actuator can be actuated to the infusion/collection mode by engagement of the blood collection component with the housing and the actuator can be actuated to the infusion/non-collection mode by disengagement of the blood collection component with the housing. The engagement can include axial and rotational movement of the blood collection component relative to the housing, the axial movement placing the elongate tube in fluid communication with the blood collection component and the rotation movement operating the actuator.
Yet another illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device for use with a patient catheter and an IV infusion line providing IV therapy fluid to the patient, comprises a housing having an actuator and an IV infusion inlet coupled to the IV infusion line, the actuator enabling at least an infusion/non-collection mode of operation and an infusion/collection mode of operation for the device; a microlumen positionable coaxially through the patient catheter, the distal end of the microlumen extending distally beyond the distal end of the catheter the microlumen, and the microlumen in fluid communication with the IV infusion inlet; a blood collection channel in fluid communication with the catheter; and a blood collection tube holder releasably attachable to the housing and having a draw needle, the draw needle selectively in fluid communication with the blood collection channel in the infusion/collection mode, and the draw needle providing a restriction limiting the volume flow rate of blood drawn by the catheter in the infusion/collection mode, thereby preventing mixing of the blood draw with IV therapy fluid provided through the microlumen; and wherein in the infusion/non-collection mode the actuator fluidly couples the blood collection channel with the IV infusion inlet, and in the infusion/collection mode the actuator fluidly isolates the blood collection channel from the IV infusion inlet.
The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:
For the purposes of promoting and understanding the principals of the invention, reference will now be made to one or more illustrative embodiments depicted in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. Referring to
It is understood that in a typical situation requiring venous catheterization of a patient in, e.g., an emergency room or hospital, the IV infusion line 10 and the catheter 20 would be connected directly together via a releasable fluid connector, typically a Luer Lock type connector having a male portion (not shown) at a proximate end 24 of the catheter 20, and a female connector 11 portion at the proximate end 12 of the IV infusion line. The IV infusion line 10 is typically connected on the opposite, distal end to an IV therapy bag (not shown) and/or infusion pump (not shown), and a distal end 22 of the catheter 20 is inserted into a patient blood vessel, e.g., in the patient's arm or hand as shown in
The illustrative embodiment of the infusion and blood collection device 100 of the present invention comprises the following main components, depicted in
Materials from which the tube holder 30, valve housing 40, shroud 70, valve 80, and retaining supports 90 can be formed, include, for example, medical grade plastics and structural polymer material such as ABS, Polyurethane, Polycarbonate, PBT, PEI, PEEK, Polypropylene, PET, and the like. For example, tube holder 30, valve housing 40, and shroud 70 can be formed from Polycarbonate and valve 80 can be formed from Polypropylene.
The intravenous infusion inlet 43 includes a separate or integrally formed male connector 42 for fluid coupling with the female connector 11, for example a Luer Lock fitting, of IV infusion line 10. The catheter head 63 includes a female connector 65, for example a Luer Lock fitting, for fluid coupling with the catheter 20. The catheter head 63 also includes an intravenous infusion microlumen 60, which is fluidly coupled to IV infusion channel 58, and a blood collection channel 54, the outlet 64 of which is fluidly coupled to catheter 20 (
Advantageously, the device 100 provides selective operation in an infusion/non-collection mode and an infusion/collection mode. As shown in
In contrast and as shown in
As shown in
As blood 18 is drawn from the vein 23 into the catheter 20, the fluid entering the collection tube 15 initially will be IV fluid 14, and then a mixture of IV fluid 14 and blood 18, and then only blood 18. Thus, the first collection tube 15 filled from the blood collection channel 54 is discarded and a subsequently filled blood collection tube 15 that contains only blood 18 and no IV fluid 14 are retained. After a sufficient sample of blood 18 is obtained from the device 100, the collection tube 15 is fluidly uncoupled from the blood collection channel 54, and if desired, subsequent collection tubes 15 are coupled, filled, and uncoupled, and then the rotary valve 80 is returned to the non-collection valve position 83a, fluidly recoupling the blood collection channel 54 with the therapy fluid 14 from the IV inlet 43, thereby again providing the infusion/non-collection mode of
Referring to
Referring to
The rotary valve 80 includes a valve body 82 that defines a valve passage 84a having openings connecting to opposite sides of the valve body (
The draw port 81 at a bottom 77 of the septum 76 is fluidly coupled to the valve passage 84a by needle passage 84b (
Referring to
The tube holder interface 36 is configured to fit within an opening 46 in the valve housing 40 and engage with the valve 80 and housing 40 upon coupling the tube holder 30 and shroud 70 to the valve housing 40. In the first illustrative embodiment of the device 100, the engagement of the tube holder 30 with the valve housing 40 and the valve 80 provides axial positioning of the draw needle 34 and rotation of the valve 80. More specifically, the engagement axially extends the draw needle 34 through the septum bottom 77 and the needle channel 84b and into the valve passage 84a, as shown in
Referring to
The series of
Referring to
The catheter head 63 can then be attached to the catheter 20 (which, for example, has remained in the patient) by inserting the microlumen 60 all the way through the catheter 20 and tightening the Luer-type or other connector 65 onto the male catheter connector 63, thus allowing the IV therapy fluid 14 to infuse into the patient from both the catheter 20 and the microlumen 60. Advantageously, the valve housing 40 can be grasped from above and held in the palm while the release 98 is actuated, the microlumen 60 guided, and the connector 65 rotated by wing 66 all with the free thumb and/or forefinger of the hand holding the valve housing 40, freeing the other hand to apply pressure to the vein 23 to prevent blood flow through the catheter 20 from the uncoupling of the IV line connector 11 until the coupling of the device 100 connector 65. With the optionally retaining supports 90 coupled at clips 92 to valve housing receivers 94 (
Alternatively and advantageously, the device 100 can also be installed in-line with the catheter 20 upon the catheter 20 first being placed and before an IV infusion line 10 is connected to the catheter 20. For example, as described above, the device 100 can be connected to the IV infusion line 10 and flushed of air with the IV fluid 14. Then, with the device 100 prepared, the peripheral venous catheter 20 can be placed into a vein of the patient and the catheter head 63 attached to the catheter 20 as described above.
Referring now to
To prepare the device 100 for the infusion/collection mode of operation, an alcohol or other sterilizing swab is used to clean the septum 76 and the area within the opening 46 to remove any contaminates. Next the tube holder 30, without a blood collection tube 15 attached, is coupled to the valve housing 40. Specifically, the axial draw tabs 37 are rotationally aligned with the draw tab receivers 47 and the tube holder 30 is moved vertically downwards in the direction shown in
To complete the axial translation of the lower end 34b of the draw needle 34 through the septum 76 and into the valve passage 84a, the tube holder 30 is rotated clockwise relative to the valve housing 40 as shown in
Optionally, an initial length of the draw ramps 48 defined in the valve housing 40 and engaged by the draw tabs 37 can extend circumferentially without downward axially displacement in order to provide for some or all of the rotation of the valve 80 before subsequent axial translation of the interface 36 and needle 34, thus ensuring that the fluid connection between the lower needle end 34b and the valve passage 84a is not made until the valve passage 84a is closed off from the infusion channel portion 58b and thus from the supply of the IV fluid 14.
As shown in
Advantageously, the collection of blood 18 occurs simultaneous with and without interruption of infusion of IV therapy fluid 14 through infusion channel 58, exiting into the vein 23 of the patient at the distal end 62 of the microlumen 60. The collection tube 15 is uncoupled from the tube holder 30, and if desired, subsequent collection tubes 15 are coupled, filled, and uncoupled. With the lack of a vacuum, a passive fluid flow restriction provided by needle 34, and the elastomeric cover 35 again covering the upper end 34a of the needle 34, blood 18 will cease to flow through needle 34 with no collection tube 15 in place. For example, the flow restriction can be provided by the selected ID of the needle 34, by crimping the needle 34 to a specific desired cross-sectional area, or by other mechanically passive means known in the art to limit flow.
To return the device 100 to the infusion/non-collection mode of operation, as shown in
Rotating the tube holder 30 counter-clockwise also axially translates the interface 36 and needle 34 upwardly as the draw tabs 37 are spiraled upward within draw ramps 48. When the draw tabs 37 are again aligned with 47, the rotation is complete and interface 36 can be fully withdrawn from the opening 46 and the flanges 72 withdrawn from over the valve housing 40, as shown in
Again in the infusion/non-collection mode of operation shown in
One aspect of the first embodiment of the invention herein relates to one of the novel features of the infusion and blood collection device 100 and method, which is the ability to perform clean blood collections while simultaneously providing the patient with IV therapy infusion, without interrupting the IV fluid flow. In one aspect, the device 100 is designed so as to prevent contamination of the blood 18 being drawn with the IV fluids 14. The ability of the device 100 to provide this function is due in part to two features of the device: 1) a protrusion of the tip of the microlumen 60 in the vein 23, an optimum minimum distance beyond the tip of the catheter 20 (see
In an illustrative embodiment of these foregoing features, for example, the distal tip 62 of microlumen 60 extends 10 mm beyond the distal tip 22 of the catheter 20, paired with a restriction in the blood collection channel 54 to reduce the blood collection flow rate to 30 ml/min or less, provides sufficient protection against the IV fluids 14 flowing out from the distal tip 62 of the microlumen 60 being drawn toward and mixed in with the blood 18 being drawn into the distal tip 22 of the catheter 20 for collection in the collection tube 30.
As contemplated herein, it is to be understood that both the length of the protrusion of the tip of the microlumen relative to the tip of the catheter, and the degree of restriction of blood flow 18, may vary upward or downward depending on various factors such as, for example, the particular gauge of catheters 20 and 60 being used, the vacuum pressure in the particular collection tube 30, the venous or arterial location of the catheter 20 in the patient, and the rate of infusion of IV therapy fluid 14 out the microlumen 60. Thus, for example, with a protrusion length shorter than 10 mm, the flow rate would correspondingly have to be further restricted and decreased, and with a protrusion length longer than 10 mm, the flow rate may be increased correspondingly.
In regard to the restriction of blood flow 18 to reduce the blood collection flow rate to the point that the IV fluid flow is not reversed in the vein and drawn into the blood collection catheter, this restriction can be accomplished in various ways known in the art and at various locations along the path of the flow of the blood 18 between the distal end 22 of catheter 20 and the blood collection tube 15, either active restriction device, passive restriction device, or a combination of active and passive restriction devices. In the above illustrative embodiment of the device 100, the restriction in flow rate is made passively via the choice of the gauge of the penetration needle 34 that penetrates the end of the collection tube, thus a needle is selected having a sufficiently narrow internal diameter to provide the required limit to blood flow rate. In the illustrative device 100 with the distal end 62 of the microlumen 60 extending 10 mm beyond the distal end 22 of catheter 20, a restriction limiting the flow rate to about 30 ml/minute provides the desired lack of contamination of the blood sample collected. This desired restriction is passively provided by using a penetration needle 34 having a gauge of about 24. For example, such a needle 34 can be cut from a length of stainless steel 304 hypodermic round tubing stock, for example, part number B00137QIWS, available from Amazon.com, LLC, of Seattle, Wash.
The volume flow rate (Q) of the blood 18 is driven by the change in pressure (ΔP) for the blood 18 between the patient and the collection tube 15, and most notably in the illustrative embodiment of the device 110, at the point of passive restriction in the blood flow 18, the draw needle 34. In order to specify a needle gauge that will limit the volume flow rate (Q) to the desired magnitude, e.g., about 30 ml/min or less for the illustrative embodiment, the fluid dynamic principles for laminar flow with an applied force and no-slip boundary condition between a desired blood volume flow rate (Q) and a pressure gradient (Δ P) can be used. This relationship is represented in the Hagen-Poiseuille equation which is Q=πa4ΔP/8ρμL, where a, L, ρ, μ are in this example, the interior radius and length of the needle 136, and the density and viscosity of the blood, respectively.
Referring to
The illustrative embodiment of the infusion and blood collection device 110 of the present invention comprises the following main components, depicted in
The catheter head body 202 provides fluid coupling between the microlumen 210 and blood collection lumen 150 and between the catheter 20 and the intravenous infusion lumen 160.
A blood collection channel 152 is defined in part by the passage defined by the space between the catheter 20 and microlumen 210, the passageway 250, and the lumen 150. An infusion channel 162 is defined in part by the microlumen 210, the passageway 260, and the lumen 160. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the blood collection channel 152 is used to provide infusion flow to the patient when the device 110 is in an infusion/non-collection mode, and, as discussed below, for reverse flow of blood 18 from the patient to the collection tube 15, when the device 110 is in an infusion/collection mode. On the other hand, the infusion channel 162 is used in either mode only for one-way infusion flow to the patient, as is discussed below.
In
Reference is made again to
Referring to
The tube holder 120 also comprises a latch actuation key 126 and an elongated, arcuate draw port interface 130, both located within the actuator receiver 124. The draw port interface 130 is positioned and sized to fit precisely into draw port interface receiver 188 upon mounting the tube holder 120 to the transfer valve and collection body 140. Likewise, latch actuation key 126 is positioned and sized to fit precisely into the latch boss receiver 186 upon mounting the tube holder 120 to the transfer valve and collection body 140. Draw port interface 130 further comprises a recessed alcohol or other disinfectant swab 134 and a needleless draw nozzle 132.
Referring now to
The housing top 144 includes an opening 146 for receiving the valve assembly central shaft 181 there through and a curved latch cantilever 147 at the distal tip of which is located a latch boss 148. The latch boss 148 cooperates with the latch boss receiver 186 of the valve actuator 184 to rotationally lock the valve assembly 180 relative to the housing 142 and elastomeric valve layer 190. The housing top 144 also includes a needleless draw port 154 from which a blood collection flow 18 is provided to the tube holder 120 during a particular operating mode described further below.
Referring now to
In contrast, selective fluid communication is provided depending on the rotational location of the valve assembly 180 and tube holder 120 relative to the transfer valve housing 142. Before mounting of the tube holder 120 to the transfer valve and collection body 140, the rotary valve 182 and valve actuator 184 are in their counterclockwise most position, shown in
Upon mounting tube holder 120 to the transfer valve and collection body 140, including full available clockwise rotation of the tube holder 120, valve actuator 184, and rotary valve 182, the infusion/collection mode of operation is provided, in which the transfer channel 183 is located in the rotation position 183b, shown in
Selection between the infusion/non-collection mode and the infusion/collection mode is provided by the mounting and clockwise rotation, and the counter-clockwise rotation and unmounting of the tube holder 120 with the transfer valve and collection body 140, including the associated function of various interoperative structures resulting from the mounting and rotation.
Upon the tube holder 120 being mounted to the transfer valve and collection body 140, the valve actuator 184 is received into the actuator receiver 124 (
In the following illustrative use of the illustrative device 110, the installation of the infusion and blood collection device 110 during intravenous therapy of a patient is described. Prior to installation of the device 110, following standard techniques well-known in the art, the peripheral venous catheter 20 is typically inserted into a vein of the patient and the IV therapy tube 10 is connected via a Luer-type or other connection 11. To install the infusion and blood collection device 110 in preparation for drawing clean blood samples from the patient via the catheter 20, the IV therapy fluid flow 14 through IV infusion line 10 is stopped, and the peripheral venous catheter 20 is disconnected from the IV infusion line 10. The transfer valve and collection body 140 of the device is connected to the IV infusion line 10 by connecting the connector 11 to the inlet port 143.
Referring to
The catheter head assembly 200 can then be attached to the catheter 20 (which, for example, has remained in the patient) by inserting the microlumen 210 all the way through the catheter 20 and tightening the Luer-type or other connector 204 onto the male connector 83, as shown in
The infusion/non-collection transfer channel position 183a functions to provide IV fluid flow 14 from the IV infusion line 10 through both the blood collection line/channel 150/152 and the IV infusion line/channel 160/162. Referring to
More specifically, and referring to
In the following illustrative use of the illustrative device 110, the use of the infusion and blood collection device 110 to draw blood 18 from the patient and into a collection tube 30 without interrupting the IV therapy of the patient is described. The device 110 is installed between IV therapy infusion line 10 and patient catheter 20 and flushed off all air as described above. A tube holder 120, disassembled from the transfer valve and collection body 140, is held in one hand, and a heat sealed tab (not shown) sealing over the blood draw port interface 130 is pulled away from the tube holder 120, exposing the interface 130, including the alcohol swab 134 and the previously sterilized draw nozzle 132.
Next, the retention wings 122 of the tube holder 120 are aligned to the keyed openings 141a of the transfer valve and collection body 140. This also aligns the draw port interface 130 with the interface receiver 188, and also aligns the latch boss receiver 186 with the latch actuation key 126. The tube holder 120 is pressed firmly into position, so that the valve actuator 184 is received into the actuator receiver 124, which presses the latch actuation key 126 into the latch boss receiver 186, deflecting the latch boss 148 (including cantilever 147) downward so that it is flush with the top surface of the housing top 144, and thus axially out from the latch boss receiver 186 so that the valve actuator 184 (including the rotary valve 182 and elastomeric valve layer 190) may rotate. In this position the draw port interface 130 is also seated within the interface receiver 188 of the valve actuator 184, thus rotating the valve actuator 184 and rotary valve 182 as the tube holder 120 is rotated clockwise relative to the housing 140.
With the latch boss 148 disengaged from the latch boss receiver 186, the tube holder 120 can be rotated clockwise relative to the transfer valve and collection body 140, rotating the retention wings 122 under the retention flanges 141b until the wings 122 reach a rotational stop (not shown), retaining the tube holder 120 in place on the transfer valve and collection body 140.
During the clockwise rotation of the tube holder 120 relative to the transfer valve and collection body 140, several critical events occur: (1) The needleless draw port 154 located on the face of the housing top 144 is drawn under the ramp 131 portion of the draw port interface 130, and across the alcohol swab 134, thus wiping and cleaning the needleless draw port 154. (2) The needleless nozzle 154 is moved into axial alignment with the needleless draw port 132, cooperating to open and seal upon the draw port 132, thus allowing collected blood 18 to flow therebetween. (3) The transfer channel 183 on the rotary valve 182 of the valve assembly 180 is rotated from the infusion/non-collection mode rotational position 183a shown in
This can be clearly seen by comparing
More specifically, and referring to
The next step in this illustrative use entails placing the collection tube 30 into the tube receptacle 128 of the tube holder 120 and pressing downward into the position shown in
Referring to
Once the desired volume of blood 18 is collected into collection tube 30, the collection tube 30 is extracted from the tube receptacle 138, and the tube holder 120 is grasped in one hand and the transfer valve and collection body 140 in the other, the tube holder 120 is rotated counterclockwise relative to the body 140 and separated therefrom. This rotation and separation rotates the valve actuator 182 and the rotary valve 184 to the counterclockwise position shown in
In regard to the restriction of blood flow 18 to reduce the blood collection flow rate to the point that the IV fluid flow is not reversed in the vein and drawn into the blood collection catheter, as with the device 100, for device 110 this restriction can be accomplished in various ways known in the art and at various locations along the blood collection channel 152, either active restriction device, passive restriction device, or a combination of active and passive restriction devices. In the above illustrative embodiment of the device 110, the restriction in flow rate is made passively via the choice of the gauge of the penetration needle 136 that penetrates the end of the collection tube, thus a needle is selected having a sufficiently narrow internal diameter to provide the required limit to blood flow rate. In the illustrative device 110 with the microlumen 210 extending 10 mm beyond the blood collection entry at catheter 20, a restriction limiting the flow rate to about 30 ml/minute provided the desired lack of contamination of the blood sample collected. This desired restriction was passively provided by using a penetration needle 136 having a gauge of about 24. In another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by using a tesla-type valve located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152, including located in the housing 142.
In another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by utilizing a check valve with a tuned reverse flow rate in lieu of a typical shut off, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152.
In yet another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by utilizing a length of channel of reduced diameter to create the required restriction, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152.
In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by having a reduction in clearance between the outside of the microlumen 210 and the inside of the catheter 20.
In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by use of a multi-lumen catheter (venous or arterial) in lieu of a typical peripheral intravenous catheter 20 and microlumen 210, but with a draw channel offset and of sufficiently small diameter and length to restrict the flow and prevent a diluted draw.
In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by the use of an active device, which restricts the flow of the blood 18 to a collection device, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152. Illustratively, the active device can include a pump, which draws the blood and presents the blood to the collection tube 30.
In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by having a diaphragm, needle, or other such valve actuated either by electronics or manually to create a restriction located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152.
Another embodiment of the invention herein relates to the novel feature of using a valve to segregate two or more infusion channels into a blood collection channel 152 and intravenous therapy infusion channel 162, as illustrated above. An illustrative embodiment of this feature is the use of a rotary valve as illustrated above.
In another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that an alternative valve type may be used. Illustratively, the valve may be a cock-stop type valve, a diaphragm type valve, an electrically actuated solenoid type valve, or a magnetic actuated valve.
In another embodiment, described herein is a rotary blood-draw valve with locking features, as illustrated herein, to prevent access to the blood collection port by patients, e.g., pediatric or agitated patients or patients suffering from various forms of dementia, or having other elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
In another embodiment, described herein is a sliding blood-draw valve with locking features, to prevent access to the blood collection port by patients, e.g., pediatric or agitated patients or patients suffering from various forms of dementia, or having elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
In another embodiment, described herein is a collection tube holder with integrated alcohol swipe and means to clean the blood collection access port via sliding or rotating the tube holder into place prior to the draw and after the draw, as illustrated above.
It is understood that, while the illustrative embodiments of the devices 100 and 110 are directed to an angiocatheter (i.e., an IV catheter), as contemplated herein, various features or combinations of features disclosed herein may be applicable to other catheters as well, such as peripherally inserted cardiac catheters, central line catheters, and the like. In the case of use with a cardiac catheter, it is understood that the required draw rate would differ because of the geometry of the vein and the blood flow rate in that region; however, the same device 110 and system can be used for controlling the blood collection rate, and a suitable protrusion length of the microlumen tip beyond the catheter tip could be easily determined and used. Additionally, it is understood that features of one of the devices 100 and 110 can be applied to the other device.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/747,815, filed Dec. 31, 2012, and titled Infusion and Blood Collection Device and Method, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
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