Patent Application
20180117267
The invention relates to an inhalation device for inhaling a liquid in nebulized form according to claims 1 and 4. The invention further relates to an inhalation device set according to the preamble of claim 15.
Inhalation devices for inhaling a liquid in nebulized form are known.
Such inhalation devices have the purpose of nebulizing a liquid such that the latter can be breathed into the airways, the bronchi and the lungs of a patient. In addition to classical medicaments, such inhalation devices are also used in particular for the discharge of saline or of water otherwise supplemented with essential oils. This affords a simple way of allowing cold and flu sufferers to breathe easily again and to relieve pain in the nose, throat and pharynx and also in the lungs by simple means.
Known inhalation devices are usually either of very simple construction, providing not much more than a breathing mask connected to a storage unit, the storage unit having to be refilled for each application, or they are of rather complex construction and in part provided with a power supply in order to permit the nebulization of the liquid. The last-mentioned devices are often not easily transportable.
The problem addressed by the invention is to make available an inhalation device which, compared with the known inhalation devices, is advantageous in terms of transportability, simple structure, easy operation and/or low production costs.
The problem is solved by an inhalation device for inhaling a liquid in nebulized form according to claim 1 or according to claim 4.
The inhalation device according to claim 1 has a housing, which encloses a liquid reservoir in which the liquid is stored before discharge. The inhalation device has an applicator head with a nebulization chamber and an applicator piece connected thereto, wherein the applicator piece is designed either as a mouthpiece, to be received in the mouth of a patient, or as an inhalation mask, to sealingly cover the mouth, the nose, or the mouth and the nose, or as an adapter piece for fitting a mouthpiece or an inhalation mask. The inhalation device has a discharge channel which connects the liquid reservoir to the applicator head.
According to the invention, the inhalation device is used for a liquid with which the liquid reservoir is filled and which is one of the following liquids:
The inhalation device has, at the end of the discharge channel, a nozzle plate with a large number of nozzle openings which serve to generate an inhalation mist and through which the liquid from the liquid reservoir is conveyed into the nebulization chamber.
As regards said liquids, it has been shown that the discharge by means of a nozzle plate is particularly advantageous for the purpose of nebulization. The resulting liquid mist passes particularly effectively into the airways and in particular into the lungs of the user and exerts a positive effect there.
An inhalation device according to the invention has an applicator piece with a shape specially adapted for the inhalation purposes.
It can be provided as a mouthpiece for purely oral administration of the inhalation mist. As a mouthpiece, the applicator piece usually has an outlet whose width is greater than its height and which, on the top and bottom, has bearing surfaces on which the upper lip and lower lip bear. By virtue of the bearing surfaces lying opposite each other, the mouthpiece can be securely gripped by the user's lips, which can be advantageous in the case of the valve configurations described below.
As an inhalation mask, the applicator piece usually has a circumferential sealing edge for resting on the face of a user, the sealing edge being dimensioned such that it can enclose the mouth or the nose or the mouth and the nose. The inhalation mask can be provided with retention means, for example an elastic strap, which allows the mask to be positioned securely in front of the mouth and/or nose without having to be specifically held there.
The applicator piece mounted directly on the applicator head can also be an adapter piece, which can be designed for the coupling of a mouthpiece or of an inhalation mask. The mouthpiece and/or the inhalation mask can then be separate parts that accompany the inhalation device for assembly by the end user. In particular, a plug connection can be provided, in which case a plug portion provided on the mouthpiece or on the inhalation mask is pushed into the applicator piece or pushed onto the latter. The plug portion and the applicator piece then preferably establish a force-fit connection.
It is also possible that the applicator piece itself can already be used as a mouthpiece but still allows a plug portion of an accompanying inhalation mask to be plugged in or plugged on.
An outlet of the applicator piece in the form of an adapter piece or as a mouthpiece preferably has a minimum free cross section of between 50 mm2 and 2000 mm2, preferably between 80 mm2 and 800 mm2, in particular between 500 mm2 and 800 mm2.
In an inhalation device according to the invention, an inhalation mist is generated via said nozzle plate with a large number of small nozzles. Such a nozzle plate has a plurality of nozzle openings, preferably 9 or more nozzle openings, particularly preferably 16 or more nozzle openings or 25 or more nozzle openings. These preferably have a diameter of between 1 μm and 100 μm, in particular between 2 μm and 10 μm.
Such a nozzle plate has proven to be a particularly simple way of generating an easily inhalable inhalation mist in particular from saline solution. During the discharge, liquid flows at a constant rate onto the nozzle plate and is forced through the nozzle openings and thereby nebulized.
The resulting inhalation mist enters the nebulization chamber inside the applicator head, which is connected to the applicator piece. By breathing in when the applicator piece is in place, it is possible for this inhalation mist to be inhaled.
The liquid in the liquid reservoir can be pressurized by propellant, by compressed air or by a pretensioned spring mechanism.
Although it is also possible in principle that the liquid for generating the inhalation mist is produced by means of a manual pump mechanism, it is advantageous that the inhalation device already has an energy storage means of a mechanical or chemical nature that leads to a constant liquid pressure and thus to a constant nebulization result. Besides the possibility of storing propellant in the liquid reservoir, it is also considered advantageous to have a separate reservoir of air at an overpressure, the pressure of said air acting on the liquid reservoir. A spring which is pretensioned during the production of the inhalation device or of the liquid reservoir, and which permanently applies pressure to the liquid via a piston, is also an advantageous and in particular also environmentally friendly possibility of storing energy.
The liquid reservoir itself can have a defined volume, such that air flows in for compensation purposes after the discharge. However, unventilated systems are also possible which permit a modifiable volume of the liquid reservoir via a trailing piston or a bag.
The inhalation device can have a switchable rotary outlet valve, by which the discharge channel can be opened and closed. The rotary outlet valve can be switchable by a rotation movement of the housing, or of a switch element provided on the housing or on the applicator head, with respect to the applicator piece. The valve is arranged upstream of the nozzle plate.
The housing can be configured at least in part as a rotationally symmetrical body, of which the center axis defines a main axis of extent of the housing. The housing or the switch element can be rotatable with respect to the applicator piece about this main axis of extent.
The applicator piece is preferably arranged eccentrically with respect to the rotation axis of the outlet valve, such that a moment for opening or closing the rotary valve can be introduced at the applicator piece.
The provision of a switchable outlet valve makes it possible to control the discharge of inhalation mist. Said rotary outlet valve is a valve which can be opened and closed by said possibilities of a relative rotation movement, wherein a rotary outlet valve can also be understood as a purely axially acting valve if the latter is provided with a valve mechanism by which a relative rotation movement is converted into an axial movement.
The rotation movement for the purpose of opening and closing the outlet valve has proven very simple and in particular can be carried out with one hand. When the applicator piece is fixed in the mouth region or in the mouth and nose region of the user or is also pressed simply as a mask onto the face of the user, the housing can be easily rotated with one hand for the purpose of opening or closing. A switching ring or the like can also be easily operated with the hand that is gripping the housing.
This advantageous manipulation is favored by the lateral arrangement of the applicator piece in relation to said rotation axis. This eccentric arrangement of the applicator piece allows a moment to be introduced here in order to support the required rotation movement.
The inhalation device can also have a switchable pivoting outlet valve, by which the discharge channel can be opened and closed. The pivoting outlet valve can be switchable by a pivoting movement of the applicator piece with respect to the housing.
The housing can be configured at least in part as a rotationally symmetrical body, with the center axis defining a main axis of extent of the housing. The applicator piece can be pivotable with respect to the housing about a pivot axis that is orthogonal to this main axis of extent.
A pivoting outlet valve can also be understood as a valve which is switchable by a pivoting movement between applicator piece and housing. Such a valve can also be a valve whose valve body and valve seat are only moved axially in relation to each other, provided that a valve mechanism is provided which converts the pivoting movement into an axial movement.
The pivoting movement, in particular about a pivot axis orthogonal to the main axis of extent of the housing, has also proven to be a very advantageous way of controlling the inhalation device. Whereas a purely axial movement, in particular with the applicator piece in place, is often difficult to perform and in particular difficult to gage, the pivoting movement of the housing, which is gripped anyway during the inhalation procedure, is easy to perform and to gage.
To obtain the pivoting movement or other relative movements provided for opening the valve, an actuation handle can be provided that is movable with respect to the housing.
The inhalation device according to claim 4 has a housing configured at least in part as a rotationally symmetrical body, with the center axis defining a main axis of extent of the housing, and the latter encloses a liquid reservoir in which the liquid is stored in pressurized form before being discharged when acted upon by propellant gas, by compressed air or by a pretensioned spring mechanism.
The inhalation device has an applicator head with a nebulization chamber and an applicator piece which is connected to the nebulization chamber and is provided laterally on the applicator head, wherein the applicator piece is designed either as a mouthpiece, to be received in the mouth of a patient, or as an inhalation mask, to sealingly cover the mouth, the nose, or the mouth and the nose, or as an adapter piece for fitting a mouthpiece or an inhalation mask.
The inhalation device has a discharge channel which connects the liquid reservoir to the applicator head, and it has a switchable rotary outlet valve, by which the discharge channel can be opened and closed.
The rotary outlet valve is switchable by a rotation movement of the housing, or of a switch element provided on the housing or on the applicator head, about the main axis of extent with respect to the applicator piece.
In such a configuration, which can also have the above-described nozzle plate but does not need to, particularly good manipulation is afforded by the fact that the applicator piece is provided laterally on the applicator head and thus eccentrically with respect to the center axis. By pressing it onto the face, the user can thus fix the applicator piece in position, such that a subsequent rotation movement of the switching element, or especially of the housing, for the purpose of opening or closing the rotary outlet valve is simple and intuitive.
For this purpose, a discharge direction defined by the applicator piece is preferably angled relative to the main axis of extent of the housing, wherein the discharge direction and the main axis of extent particularly preferably enclose an angle of between 10° and 170°, particularly preferably an angle of between 60° and 120°. In particular, a right angle (90°) can be chosen here.
An air inlet is preferably provided which opens into the nebulization chamber. By sucking in air at the applicator piece, a user can suck air into the nebulization chamber, where it is provided with atomized liquid and is then dispensed through the preferably opposite applicator piece.
The outlet valve can be assigned a spring mechanism, which is designed such that its spring force always seeks to close the outlet valve.
Such a spring mechanism can be directly part of the outlet valve. However, the spring mechanism can also be provided between the housing and the applicator head or between the housing and the applicator piece and can act only indirectly on the valve.
The applicator head can have a base part, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing, and an outlet part, which is rotatable relative to the base part and which comprises the nebulization chamber. The applicator head and the outlet part can be guided on each other in such a way that a rotation movement of the outlet part relative to the base part causes an axial displacement of the outlet part relative to the base part, by means of which axial displacement an outlet valve of the inhalation device is switchable.
This permits a particularly simple design of the applicator head with only two relatively movable parts and overall, including the nozzle plate, only three components. The base is mounted on the housing of the inhalation device. It preferably has a guide slope, in particular as part of an internal thread or a slotted guide. The second part, the outlet part, is mounted rotatably on the base and is guided by guide portions on the guide slope, such that the rotation movement also causes an axial displacement. This axial displacement can open a valve which can be provided in the housing in the vicinity of the liquid reservoir or at the applicator head. The outlet part preferably comprises both the nebulization chamber and also an outlet opening therein with nozzle plate. The outlet part can therefore be easily cleaned as a whole under a tap.
The liquid reservoir can in particular contain an aqueous solution, mainly a saline aqueous solution. Moreover, the solution can be a buffered solution or a Ringer's solution. The aqueous solution can be provided with various additives. It can in particular contain carbohydrates, essential oils, menthol and plant extracts. It can also contain vitamins and trace elements, and also manganese or zinc. It can also contain vehicles or excipients as carriers of active substances. The liquid in the liquid reservoir can in particular also contain additives from the group comprising cinnamon oil, tea tree oil, sage oil, thyme oil and lemon balm oil.
The discharge channel can be provided at least in part with a material having an antibacterial action, in particular with silver or a silver-containing material.
The use of an antibacterial material in the discharge channel upstream from the nozzle plate has proven to be particularly advantageous, since the nozzle plate permits drying of the discharge channel only to a slight extent after discharge. The evaporation through the thin nozzle openings is low. The antibacterial material can be applied to the wall along the channel. It is also conceivable that a porous or sponge-like structure of antibacterial material is arranged in the discharge channel. It is particularly preferable if an inner side of the nozzle plate is provided with an antibacterial means, for example in the form of a silver coating.
The applicator piece and the nozzle plate can be part of a common structural unit, which is detachable from the housing without the use of tools.
The combination of the applicator piece and of the nozzle plate in a common structural unit, which is easily detachable from the housing and reattachable thereto by means of latching connections for example, affords the advantage of separate washability including the nozzle plate. This also allows this structural module to be easily exchanged for reasons of hygiene.
The problem is also solved by an inhalation device set according to the invention.
This set comprises an inhalation device of the type described above. It comprises at least two structural units that each comprise an applicator piece and a nozzle plate.
Such a set allows the inhalation device to be used by several persons without any need for concerns relating to hygiene, since each person only uses a dedicated exchangeable structural unit. Since this entails the greatest risk of contamination, the danger of infection is thus effectively avoided.
The nozzle plate of an inhalation device according to the invention comprises a large number of nozzle openings. The nozzle plate is preferably formed at least in part from silver or from a silver-containing material.
It has been found that the use of silver on a nozzle plate effectively prevents contamination, in particular also contamination in the nozzle openings.
The nozzle plate can comprise nozzle openings with a diameter of between 1 μm and 100 μm, in particular between 2 μm and 10 μm. The nozzle plate can comprise at least 9 nozzle openings, preferably at least 16 nozzle openings and particularly preferably at least 25 nozzle openings.
The entire nozzle plate can be produced from silver or a silver alloy. For economic reasons, however, this is not considered ideal.
The nozzle plate can instead have a main plate made of a material that does not contain silver or silver-containing material. A layer of silver or of silver-containing material, such as a silver alloy, can be provided on the main plate.
The layer of silver or of a silver-containing material can be applied to the main plate by vapor deposition or by immersion after the nozzle openings have been formed, such that the nozzle openings are at least partially covered with this layer on their insides.
The main plate can be produced, for example, from silicon, which has proven a particularly suitable material for this purpose. The silver or the silver-containing material is applied thereto in the form of a thin layer. This layer can be applied to the inside and/or the outside and/or in the nozzle openings themselves.
The nozzle openings can be formed after vapor deposition or immersion of the main plate for the purpose of producing the layer of silver or silver oxide, such that the nozzle openings are at least partially free of this layer on their inside.
A manufacturing approach of this kind can have important advantages in terms of economy, since large sheet-shaped blanks can be vapor-deposited, from which individual nozzle plates are produced only later. With a sufficiently large nozzle diameter, the danger of microbe colonization inside the nozzles is low, at least when the planar regions of the nozzle plate are provided internally and/or externally with a corresponding layer.
Further advantages and aspects of the invention will become clear from the claims and from the following description of preferred illustrative embodiments of the invention, which are explained below with reference to the highly schematic drawings.
The nozzle plate 90 of
The configuration of
The partial or complete coating of silver or of a silver alloy has an antibacterial action. If the nozzle plate 90 is coated on the downstream side, it acts in particular against bacterial growth that can occur in the deposited liquid film on this side. A corresponding coating on the upstream side acts in particular on the liquid that still lies in front of the nozzle openings 92 toward the end of a discharging operation. An antibacterial action is particularly useful there since evaporation of the liquid through the nozzle openings 92 takes place only very slowly there, and the risk of bacterial growth there is therefore correspondingly high.
Alternatively, it could also store an aqueous solution in the form of a Ringer's solution or a buffered solution, an aqueous solution with at least one of the additives carbohydrates, essential oils, menthol and plant extracts, an aqueous solution containing vitamins, trace elements, manganese or zinc, or an aqueous solution with at least one of the additives from the group comprising cinnamon oil, tea tree oil, sage oil, thyme oil, lemon balm oil.
The saline solution can be pressurized by means of propellant. An alternative to this is that the pressurized container is filled with air at an overpressure and has a bag-shaped liquid reservoir 21, which is shown for example by dotted lines in
An applicator head 40 is fitted onto the housing 20. This applicator head 40 surrounds a nebulization chamber 42, into which the liquid that has passed through the nozzle plate 90 enters in nebulized form. The housing 44 of the applicator head 40 has an air inlet 46. Lying opposite the latter, an air outlet 48 is provided, to which an applicator piece is attached. The applicator piece in
As in the following illustrative embodiments too, the nozzle plate 90 can be configured as shown in
In the embodiments of
Particular embodiments of the valve 30 or of the associated opening mechanism will be seen from the following illustrations.
In the embodiment according to
This one-handed operation is favored by the fact that the applicator piece is arranged eccentrically with respect to the axis 2, such that it allows a supporting moment to be introduced during a rotation movement or pivoting movement of the housing 20 with respect to the applicator piece. In the case of the inhalation mask 80, this is achieved by a circumferential sealing edge 82, which rests on the face and can be supported there. In the case of the mouthpiece 86, this is achieved by the bearing surfaces 88a, 88b which are provided for the lips to bear on. By gently pressing the lips together, the mouthpiece is fixed such that a relative movement of the housing 20 is easily possible for the purpose of switching a valve.
The configuration in
In the configuration according to
For the actuation of the valve 30, a web 44i is provided on the upper housing portion 44g and interacts with a cam 24b on the slide 24. If an only slight pivoting movement takes place by a few degrees relative to the initial position in
As in the embodiments of
This results in a coherent structural unit 70, which is shown separately in
An inhalation device set according to the invention comprises a plurality of these structural units 70, so that the latter can be exchanged for reasons of hygiene.
The applicator head has a base 47 which is connected to the housing 20 in a rotationally fixed manner. The base has the shape of a ring, and two guide tracks 47a shaped as portions of a helix are provided lying opposite each other on the inner side.
An outlet part 49 is inserted into the base 47. This outlet part 49 has a curved outer tube 49a, which ends in an opening 49b that can be used as a mouthpiece. The outer tube 49a has an inflow opening 49c on the side lying opposite the opening 49b.
An inner tube 49e, which is fixed in position in the outer tube 49a and preferably integrally connected to the outer tube 49a, is in this case connected to the outer tube 49a via a rib 49d. The inner tube terminates in a nozzle plate 90. Liquid, which is conveyed through the inner tube to the nozzle plate 90, is discharged there into the nebulization chamber 42. The user can inhale the nebulized liquid by providing suction at the opening 49b.
To control the nebulization, the outlet part 49 is rotatable with respect to the base 47 about the axis 2. Guide pins 49f are provided on the outlet part and in the present case extend outward from an outer side of the inner tube 49e into the guide tracks 47a. A rotation movement of the outlet part 49 relative to the base 47 therefore also causes an axial relative movement in the direction of the axis 2. This causes the opening and closing of a valve, which is provided inside the housing 20 in a manner not shown.
The end of the outer tube 49 with the opening 49b can be used directly as a mouthpiece.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15168316.6 | May 2015 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/060605 | 5/11/2016 | WO | 00 |
